第一篇：意大利的疟疾
文章标题意大利的疟疾
The conquest of Malaria in Italy
文章大意疟疾在意大利的湿热地区肆虐死亡率很高，当时人的寿命预期只有22.7岁。
开始大家都认为这是一种空气传播的疾病，没人想到是昆虫在
搞鬼，直到后来一个意大利的学者把健康的人拉到疟疾重灾区，
但是尽量不让他们被蚊子咬到，结果发现这些人就没有感染疟
疾，并因此找到了病源。
为了治疗疟疾意大利政府颁布了法律给公民发放奎宁还成立
治疗中心终于控制大多数疾病的发生,尽管药物有副作用但是
政府还是利用强制力政府给所有公民发放药物。
有些人怀疑奎宁的疗效而不愿意使用，但是大多数人还是乐意
使用的，所以意大利80%的疟疾被消除了；
1913年一战使得政府把大多数资金用于战争疾病有反复
二战时有人故意散播疾病二站结束后政府采用了新药消灭的
疟疾60年代最后一个疟疾被消灭
最后一段总结说：疟疾是非常危险的疾病，直到现在仍然能致
人于死地，希望人们通过这个故事得到警示。
题目类型Summary
True False Not Given
Matching
参考答案
Summary 答案
（所有答案都出现在第二段)
●the link between malaria and insects
●M开头人的theory, 认为是unclean air造成的
●the belief of hereditary
●rural people have extremely short life expectancy
True False Not Given
●The volunteers are from all over Italy NG
●有些错误的观点导致了对疾病认识的倒退True
Matching 以下事件出现在哪一段
●一个大发现(貌似是第三段，带有breakthrough那段)
●一个expert 提出没能够restrict the spread of disea
se（倒数第三段）
●The story for today’s readers (出现在最后一段)
第二篇：某种松树
文章标题松树
文章大意
一种名字以字母B开头的pine tree，长在一个环境比较恶劣的
地方，这树特别长寿，平均大概可以活1000年，有个教授研究
观察它们的年轮，年轮窄是因为少雨，还提到了火灾等问题。题目类型Matching段落配相关信息
MC 单选题
Table Completion (这种树的特性)
参考答案Matching段落配相关信息
●人类的威胁和habit的有利条件对最后一段
●年轮的解释---B段
●an account survey --- C段
MC单选题：
第一个是作者被树的remarkable longevity 吸引，答案选ag
e，
第二个是narrow ring，是因为lack of rain，
第三个是研究高地区的树，是因为它的形状古怪
Table Completion：
requires litter energy
a small area of
barking，
s开头的形容词，忘记拼写了，
dry air，
distance，
ground cover
第三篇：学习历史的意义
文章标题学习历史的意义
文章大意主要是一些历史学家对历史作用的描述
通篇题目都可以找到关键词对应，列举了N多名人，
分别讲几个历史学家和哲学家对于历史研究的认识问题
有人认为学习历史有助于自我认知（self-awareness)
有人认为学历史有助于认识现在
有人认为学历史不仅可以了解自身文化，还可以同时理解其他
国家的文化，进而促进交流
有人认为历史是一个自然发生，兴旺，自我消亡的过程
有人认为历史是人们学习参考的例子
题目类型Matching 人物配观点
Summary（带词库）（根据人名去找他们观点的主要内容）
参考答案Matching 人物配观点
(4个人名，6个选项中ABC是三个双胞胎选项，去掉一个不
符合逻辑的选项，相当于5选4)
1. understand human nature
2. make better decision
4. have examples
Summary: (根据人名定位)
1.individuals
2.evidence
3.decline
4.liberty
5.conflict
第四篇：植物净水
文章标题植物水净化
文章大意一种通过种植植物净化水的方法，新的处理方式和传统的生物处理方式之间的比较。
题目类型True False Not Given
Picture Naming
Multiple Choices
参考答案TFNG:
1 有人说某种方法不适合城市True
2 用某种植物净水，但是文中说这种植物冬天就死了，所以也
是False
3 reed种了以后马上就有用，文中说要三个月False
Picture Naming:
sledge, sand和gravel,
Multiple Choices:
问作者陈述的关于这个净化系统的好处
第五篇：录音发展史
文章标题录音发展史Sound Recording
文章大意先是由爱迪生发明了早期录音机，然后又某人又依据爱迪生的点子发明了录音机，这个人开了一个V字开头的公司，录音技
术得到了很大的发展，最后提到了光盘的发明。
题目类型Sentence Completion
Summary
Matching
参考答案Sentence Completion：（每一道都有年代，顺着前3段找）
●record sound of a groove.
●made of wax
●insert coins
Summary：
rubber
soundtrack
Matching：
●An innovation outside USA. 答案在有德国的那一段
●考虑到economy 的问题 .B(第二段谈到了cheaper的问题
运输，有第二次世界大战的那一段
第六篇：体育赛事与兴奋
文章标题体育赛事与兴奋
文章大意本文是关于mirror nerves 这个概念的提出和其在观看体育比赛中的作用。科学家研究“运动迷们”的心理，通过与猴子实
验对比，还有脑电波阿尔法波和mu波等研究。好像mu波在
人活动时就停了。
题目类型Matching 段落配相关信息+段
Multiple Choices
Yes No Not Given
参考答案Matching段落配相关信息：（有NB）
●解释为什么人们看体育活动时会感到满足F
● a factor combined with mirror nerve和improved
performance E
●第一个脑类活动研究D
●人类和猴子的比较C
●为什么新人从事体育运动C
●新手不容易控制自己而老手能控制自己B
Multiple Choice：
第一个是grammar stricter 选connected cells
第二个讲专业运动员的，选without consciousness
第三个人们看运动赛事会怎么怎么样的原因
experience strong emotion
Yes No Not GIven：
●Mu system is at rest when one is engaged in acti
vities Yes
●猴子脑部比人类复杂No
●两个人既是生物学家又是运动员Not Given
第七篇：明星员工与企业
文章标题Inner motivation or outer stars
文章大意●现在很多报纸报道一些人才在市场上被各大公司抢来抢去的，特别
热门。企业往往用高薪福利等诱惑来抢人才。
●然后用了一个Enron（安然公司）作为例子。该公司最终破产都是
因为其就很迷信要找那种star performer，所以忽略公司的内部的
system 的管理。
●一个study 调查了很多专业人士，然后发现其实这些star
performer 并不能很好地发挥。主要有三个原因：
1.他们的成就来自于当时旧公司的working environment : 人员之
类等很多方面，在新的公司环境变了，能力不好发挥，而且他们会为
更高薪水频繁换公司；
2.他们在新公司会受到敌对方的排挤，类比了人类器官移植的排它性；
3.挖他们会花掉公司一大笔钱
●还有一段举例足球队，又是从团队内部提高的队员比全明星阵营要
强
●最后一段重申了一下如何吸引人才。
题目类型Matching
Yes No Not Given (4)
Summary
参考答案Yes No Not Given
●经济原因导致雇佣外国职员原文：insufficient和employment 导
致雇老外Yes
●Enron 那个失败是因为unfortunate rather than 管理system
选NO
●有人写了本书，没预料到影响那么大Not Given
●从团队内部提高的队员比全明星阵营要强Yes
Summary:
●Analysts
●star performer
●working environment,
●salary
●rival
第八篇：鳄鱼
文章标题鳄鱼
文章大意第一段鳄鱼的历史
第二段鳄鱼的生理特征
第三段（鳄鱼只能生活在热带和亚热带）调控体温
第四段鳄鱼根据栖息地不同而改变习性
第五段某种鳄鱼一年中有四个月是生活在干旱里的，而另外一
种鳄鱼则是生活在水丰富的环境里两组可以为科学家提供数
据分析和比较
第六段鳄鱼能抗旱的特点
题目类型List of Headings（无例子）
Summary
Matching
参考答案List of Headings:
A 鳄鱼有关的历史时期history
B 鳄鱼的身体特征和进化figures/features
C 鳄鱼调控体温body function
D 鳄鱼的食量和栖息地food intake
E 鳄鱼对缺水的反应drought
F 一个独一无二的研究underwater aid
G 最新研究的结果special project
Summary：
Dry season
yearly-water
four months
water
body mass
differences
第九篇：茶的历史与发展
文章标题茶的历史与发展
文章大意第一段讲了茶叶的起源，似乎是一个皇帝休息的时候，一人给他烧水，然后有个叶子掉进去了，结果皇帝觉得异常好喝，于是就产生了茶叶这
东西。然后茶叶怎么在亚洲内传播的。提到了佛教徒。
第二段讲茶叶开始在中国流行，并传到日本贵族中。
第三段讲了茶叶在日本的流行，根据茶叶衍生出了一些东西，如艺术品，
茶道等。
第四段茶叶如何传入欧洲，有个人历尽千辛万苦才取得了和中国交易茶
叶的权利，还对茶叶进行了研究。后来说一个葡萄牙人写了一些关于茶
叶的文章，荷兰人将茶叶带到欧洲，茶叶很贵，很流行，但是有荷兰学
者提出质疑说喝茶到底好还是不好，然后就影响了茶叶销量，法国、英
国相继流行，荷兰第一次把茶叶作为餐馆的经营项目之一很受欢迎，然
后欧洲流行把milk等加到我们可爱的茶中，最后是俄罗斯，王室流行，
他们用骆驼从中国运茶叶。
题目类型List of Headings
Matching
Summary
参考答案List of Headings
A. a chance/accidental discovery (中国人发明茶)
B. a connection between tea and religions (陆羽的茶经，茶由鉴
真和尚带种子到日本。)
C. a luxury good (茶在日本有ritual并修了建筑，说日本人觉得茶可
高贵了,还建了tea house专门品茶的地方)
D. news of tea going to new continent (欧洲人来import了)
E. news of tea going to new continent（说刚到欧洲时候茶叶很
贵。还有人争论是否有益健康）
F. in and out of fashion (茶到了FRANCE，欧洲人们一会儿当其为
时尚，一会儿又转向别的饮料)
G. good or bad of tea (荷兰人报道说茶对身体不健康, 不过没有影
响当地人的饮用)
H. difficulties of import (俄罗斯很难从中国进口茶叶)
Matching选statement对应的国家名字
说质疑茶叶对人是好是坏结果人们还喝的是选荷兰
饮茶风潮被其他drink取代了—France
专门为喝茶造房子的是Japan,
animals用来运茶叶的是Russia，
ruler喜欢茶叶的是China,
第十篇：快乐成因
文章标题快乐成因What can make us happy
文章大意人脑对于happiness的反应，不同科学家不同实验的比较，将人类意识中的“快乐”是怎么形成的。有很多段，但每段都很
短
题目类型Matching
Summary
Multiple Choices （选文章大意）
参考答案M：
H details of a link between brain activity and persona
lity（倒数第二段）
C 对于某学者的理论的批评
A a history review of poorly researched area(原文第一
段说研究人负面情绪的比较多，快乐情绪少之又少）
F 正面情绪和负面情绪给出的暗示的对比（倒数第四段）
G a experiment about大脑不同部位被刺激的反应（倒数
第三段）
I 人类的竞争本性（最后一段）
填空题
S
candy（第一组给了一些阅读材料，第二组给了糖果）
depression(很多人批评研究正面情绪，由于抑郁问题越来越多
亟待研究）
catastrophic(人类大脑形成时期，人类正面临各种灾难和自然
环境挑战，所以大脑是“灾难型”的，原文有给出）
landscape（Iowa U 的试验中快乐情绪测验给了被试海豚和风
景的图片）
MC
作者此文的目的是D指出人们快乐有多难
2012年9月1日的雅思考试过后，环球雅思也在第一时间整理了完整的2012年9月1日雅思阅读机经，在此次的雅思阅读考试的三篇文章中，其中比较典型的几个题型的TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN、Complete table、多选题、Sentence completion的出题比例依旧比较稳定，可以看到判断TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN还是2012年9月1日雅思阅读机经中的重头戏。 考试日期：2012年9月1日 Reading Passage 1 Title:Man and Machine Question types:段落细节信息配对题填空题summary 文章内容 回顾 关于机器人的，MIT和日本的一些研究 英文原文阅读Types of Robots Humanoid Entertainment Robots ASIMO, manufactured by Honda QRIO, by Sony HOAP(*1) Robot Series (Humanoid for Open Architecture Platform), Manufactured by Fujitsu Toyota Partner Robot, manufactured by Toyota. EMIEW, by Hitachi
Androids Androids are robots designed to strongly resemble humans. Actroid, a realistic female robot demonstrated most prominently at Expo 2005 in Japan Hanako, a humanoid robot designed for dentist training HRP-4C, a humanoid robot with a realistic head and the average figure of a young Japanese female Animal (four legged) robots Aibo playing with kids AIBO is a commercial robotic dog manufactured by Sony Electronics. Social robots PaPeRo Paro, a robot baby seal intended for therapeutic purposes Wakamaru Guard robots Guardrobo D1 is manufactured by Sohgo Security Services. Banryu, manufactured by Sanyo and TMSUK. Domestic robots SmartPal V, manufactured by Yaskawa Electric
2019-2020-雅思阅读同义词替换(剑八TEST 3)-实用word文档 本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 雅思阅读同义词替换(剑八TEST 3) 雅思阅读同义词替换 Cambridge 8 TEST 3 1. building = property = construction n .建筑 2. support = back = be behind = in support of = back somebody up v .支持 3. financial support = fund = financial aid 资助 4. stumbling block = difficulty = trouble n .麻烦 5. create = generate = form = produce v .形成 6. direct = guide = lead = instruct = give order / instruction v .指导 7. beam = laser = ray = glow = glare n .光线，激光 8. aim = direct at = purpose = point = idea = objective = goal = target n .目的 9. test in real = field test 实地测试 10. genius = giftedness / talent / intellectual = intelligence = brains = brilliant = wisdom n .天才 11. inherit = run in family = receive = get = be given = be awarded v .继承 12. talent = prodigy = skill = ability = craftsmanship = flair = have a knack = a natural ability to do something well n .才能，技能 13. lessen = minimize = subside = lighten = relieve = ease = allay v .减少
雅思阅读机经类5
考试日期： 8月25日 Reading Passage 1 Title: Dirty But Clean River ---(FLOOD) Question types: TRUE\FALSE\NOT GIVEN 9题 Complete table 5题 文章内容回顾flood对生态群系的重要性，但某处flood愈发减少以致人们不得不模拟flood。 问flood or fire对森林更有害，后面问自从1663年t鱼就开始减少，还有flood最多可到3500每秒，1996的人造flood开始被认为成功了，cube鱼的减少是因为t鱼的引入，人造flood比天然的大，以前flood含有干净的水。 题型难度分析难度偏低，本文只有两种题型，且都是有顺序的题目，降低了做题难度。是非无判断的题量较大，在一定程度上降低了定位的难度。在表格填空题中，还有两道是时间（数字）的定位，难度降低。 题型技巧分析是非无判断题： 解题思路： 1. 关键词定位到原文中与题目出现重复的段落 2. 判断方式不包含任何逻辑推理 TRUE: 是原文中同义近义改写 FALSE: 对于原文信息的直接改写 NOT GIVEN: 原文没有信息，或经过原文信息不能直接推理出来3. 书写应该规范，大写全拼 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑桥5-3-2 Disappearing Delta 话题相似剑桥6-2-3 题型相似 Reading Passage 2 Title: graffiti（涂鸦） Question types: Which paragraph contains the following information? 5题连续两个5选2 （4题） Sentence completion 4题 文章内容回顾 graffiti（涂鸦）是艺术还是犯罪，主要讲各种去除涂鸦的方法，不足之处和注意事项 等。 英文原文阅读Graffiti (singular: graffito; the plural is used as a mass noun) is writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surface in a public place. Stickers and other adhesives are not considered graffiti, apparently because they are less common. Graffiti ranges from simple written words to elaborate wall paintings, and has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire.[2] In modern times, paint, particularly spray paint, and marker pens have become
雅思阅读高频词汇 雅思阅读高频词汇表（一）138个 accessible 易于得到的accompany 伴随accurate准确的activate 使活动，刺激adapt 适应adequate充足的affect 影响 alter 改变altitude 高地analyse 分析 anticipate预感，预期apparent明显的approach接近，方法appropriate 恰当的arise 出现，升起 arrange 整理，安排artificial 人造的assess 估计，评定assign指派，指定 attribute 把..归因于，属性authority 权力 available 可用的behave 举止，表现breed 繁殖，引起budget 预算 bully 恐吓burst 爆炸calendar 日历campaign 运动capable 能够的 capacity 容量capture 捕获cargo 货物 chronic 慢性的circumstance 环境，遭遇civil 文明的，民事的，国民的code 代码，法典communal 公用 的community 社会，社区component 元件constant 不断的，永恒的consult 商量，咨询contrast对比core 核心 corporate 全体的，社团的counterpart 与对方地位相当的 人 cure治愈curriculum 课程deduce 演绎，推断depict 描绘derive 得到，起源于 descend 下降，传下来despite 尽管，轻蔑discipline 训练，处罚，纪律distribute 分发dramatic 戏剧的，引人注目的 dynamic 动态的，有生气的ease 安逸，缓和efficient 有能力的element 要素 eliminate 消灭emphasize 强调engage 从事，占用enhance 提高entitle 给予权利，给题名 equivalent 相等的，等价物 evaluate 评价exceed 超过expand 扩张，延伸expose 暴露，揭露external 外面的extract 提 取，摘录 faculty 能力，院系，全体教职员forage 到处搜寻foundation 创办，基础fragile脆弱的fundamental 基本的
10月24 号最新雅思阅读机经 10月刚过去，对于11月将要考雅思的同学来说，10月的雅思真题机经很重要，多了解最近的考试趋势和考试形式有助于考试成绩的提高，郑州培雅雅思培训专注雅思培训多年，对于考试的趋势和预测把握很深，欢迎各位河南地区的同学前来免费咨询。 一、考试概述： 本次考试三篇文章两旧一新，第一篇内容关于娃娃的发展起源，第二篇为人们工作中所接触到的压力，第三篇介绍的是关于一种蜥蜴。对于历史发展类，工作类和生物类的文章大家可以参考剑桥系列中C8T1P1，C10T1P3和C7T3P1进行复习。 二、具体题目分析 Passage 1： 题目：Doll 内容：娃娃的发展起源，材料及制作过程 题型：填空题7+判断题6 参考答案： 1-7 Completion 2000BC 埃及坟墓里经常可以发现由平整的木头制成的娃娃，“头发”由1. clay或木珠子制成，可以追溯到公元前2000多年。 600BC 希腊和罗马，女孩长到不再适合玩娃娃的年纪时，她们就会把娃娃奉献给女神们2. goddesses;公元前600年前娃娃已经有了可活动四肢3. movable limbs和可拆服装。 16-17th century 德国Grodnertal生产许多4. peg wooden dolls(木制挂钩娃娃),这种娃娃有着非常简单的挂钩关节，类似于衣夹。 1700-1800 除了木质娃娃，蜡质娃娃在17和18世纪也很流行。第一个以婴儿为模板的蜡质5.wax娃娃产于19世纪初的英国。
1800-1900 木材的替代品是1800年代发展起来的。纸浆木或纸张6.pulped wood or paper混合而成的合成物被用来制造娃娃的头和身体。 Mid of the 19th 19世纪40年代，德国，法国和丹麦开始制造瓷质娃娃头。19世纪60年代，陶制bisque娃娃取代了7.china娃娃头。 8-13 True/False/Not Given 8. 法国的dolls比德国的bisque dolls more costly—TRUE 9. The first rag doll 是在1850s制造出来的—NOT GIVEN 10. 赛璐璐celluloid娃娃容易掉色easily fade away—TRUE 11. only开头的判断题—FALSE 12. plastic与此前的材料resembled但是can last a longer time—TRUE 13. 待补充 Passage 2： 题目：Stress Level 内容：人类压力 题型：配对题5+选择题3+单选题6 参考文章(仅供参考)： Stress of Workplace A How busy is too busy? For some it means having to miss the occasional long lunch; for others it means missing lunch altogether. For a few, it is not being able to take a "sickie" (病假) once a month. Then there is a group of people for whom working every evening and weekend is normal, and frantic is the tempo of their lives. For most senior executives, workloads swing between extremely busy and frenzied. The vice-president of the management consultancy AT Kearney and its head of telecommunications for the Asia-Pacific region, Neil Plumridge, says his work weeks vary from a "manageable" 45 hours to 80 hours, but average 60 hours. B Three warning signs alert Plumridge about his workload: sleep, scheduling and family. He knows he has too much on when he gets less than six hours of sleep for three consecutive nights;
2013年6月8日雅思阅读机经分析 南京环球雅思名师：李冠群 考试日期：2013年6月8日（本次考试解析题源来自于澳洲悉尼考场）Reading Passage 1 Title: Indoor Air Pollution Question types:Short Answer Summary TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 文章内容回顾本篇文章为新文章，首次出现在雅思考试中。 内容：室内污染的一大来源为做饭产生的空气污染。 建议参考： 剑桥真题5：The truth about environment 了解污染类话题的背景词汇。 剑桥真题9：The history of the tortoise 本篇真题的三个题型与本次考试的这一篇高度相似，建议参考解题规划。 原文拓展阅读1：DEVELOPMENT REPORT - Breathing Easier: The Art of Stove Making More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use. Most live in Africa, India and China. They use biomass fuels like wood, crop waste, animal waste or coal. These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available. But they are also a major cause of health problems and death. For more than thirty years, the Aprovecho Research Center has been designing cleaner, low-cost cooking stoves for the developing world. Dean Still is the director of the group which is based in the United States. He notes a World Health Organization estimate that more than one and a half million people a year die from breathing smoke from solid fuels. DEAN STILL: "And half of the people on planet Earth every day use wood or biomass for cooking. These are the people on Earth who have less money, and the richer people use oil and gas. It's been estimated that wood is running out more quickly than oil and gas. And so it is very important for the poorer people to
Writing Task2 Topics 2-2 “Prevention is better than cure.” Out of a country’s health budget, a large proportion should be diverted from treatment to spending on health education and preventative measures. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? 3-2 When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 6-GB Using a computer everyday can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree? 5-2 In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 4-GB Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age? 6-2 Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 6-4 Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. 3-3 In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience important for learning and taking responsibility. What are your opinions on this? 4-2 Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness? 4-4 In many countries schools have severe problems with students behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? 5-GB Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish. Why do you think this happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?
Bernice 6月机经总结解析与7月预测 文章具题目：Fishbourne Roman Palace
6.19 本次考试出现了两旧一新，属于中等难度。第一篇文章的题材是文明发展史，是旧题，类似的剑桥真题是C9T4P1。第二篇文章是新题，题材是心理学，剑桥真题的C8T3P2题材和题型都与其相似，可供参考。第三篇论述艺术的评判标准，是2012年12月出现过的旧题。本次考试没有出现较难的自然科普类文章，因此阅读难度不大。另外，本次考试涉及的题型有：简答，判断(是非及对错)，填空(图表)，配对(人名理论配对及句子配对)，单选和多选。其中，具有顺序性且偏简单的判断和填空占了大比重，多选和配对都出现了两次，因此题型难度偏中等。 建议烤鸭们平时要多练习高频题型，对于6月底的烤鸭，建议多看些自然科普类文章，并多练习List of headings和段落信息配对题。
to revolve and it gave Hargreaves the idea that a whole line of spindles could be worked off one wheel. In 1764 Hargreaves built what became known as the Spinning-Jenny. The machine used eight spindles onto which the thread was spun from a corresponding set of rovings. By turning a single wheel, the operator could now spin eight threads at once. Later, improvements were made that enabled the number to be increased to eighty. The thread that the machine produced was coarse and lacked strength, making it suitable only for the filling of weft, the threads woven across the warp. Hargreaves did not apply for a patent for his Spinning Jenny until 1770 and therefore others copied his ideas without paying him any money. It is estimated that by the time James Hargreaves died in 1778, over 20,000 Spinning-Jenny machines were being used in Britain. James Hargreaves was born near Blackburn in about 1720. Hargreaves received no formal education and was unable to read or write. He worked as a carpenter and weaver but had a strong interest in engineering. By the 1760s Hargreaves was living in the village of Stanhill and was one of the many weavers who owned his own spinning wheel and loom. It is claimed that one day his daughter Jenny accidentally knocked over over the family spinning wheel. The spindle continued to revolve and it gave Hargreaves the idea that a whole line of spindles could be worked off one wheel. In 1764 Hargreaves built what became known as the Spinning-Jenny. The machine used eight spindles onto which the thread was spun from a corresponding set of rovings. By turning a single wheel, the operator could now spin eight threads at once. The thread that the machine produced was coarse and lacked strength, making it suitable only for the filling of weft, the threads woven across the warp. Originally Hargreaves produced the machine for family use but when he began to sell the machines, spinners from Lancashire, fearing the possibility of cheaper competition, marched on his house and destroyed his equipment. Hargreaves did not apply for a patent for his Spinning Jenny until 1770 and therefore others copied his ideas without paying him any money. Hargreaves moved to Nottingham where he erected a small spinning-mill. Others began to make improvements to the Spinning-Jenny and the number of threads was increased from eight to eighty. By the time James Hargreaves died in 1778, over 20,000 Spinning-Jenny machines were being used in Britain. Passage 2:
2019年雅思考试阅读理解模拟练习试题及答案A. When Denis Hennequin took over as the European boss of McDonald’s in January 2004，the world’s biggest restaurant chain was showing signs of recovery in America and Australia，but sales in Europe were sluggish or declining.One exception was France，where Mr Hennequin had done a sterling job as head of the group’s French subsidiary to sell more Big Macs to his compatriots.His task was to replicate this success in all 41 of the European countries where anti- globalisers’favourite enemy operates. B. So far Mr Hennequin is doing https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff8428606.html,st year European sales increased by 5.8%and the number of customers by 3.4%， the best annual results in nearly 15 years.Europe accounted for 36%of the group’s profits and for 28%of its sales.December was an especially good month as customers took to seasonal menu offerings in France and Britain，and to a promotion in Germany based on the game of Monopoly. C Mr Hennequin’s recipe for revival is to be more open about his company’s operations，to be“locally relevant”，and to improve the experience of visiting his 6，400 restaurants.McDonald’s is blamed for making people fat，exploiting workers，treating animals cruelly，polluting the environment and simply for being American.Mr Hennequin says
【最新2019】雅思阅读的真题机经：磁疗word版本 本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 雅思阅读的真题机经：磁疗 Magnet Therapy Magnet therapy , magnetic therapy , or magnotherapy is an alternative medicine practice involving the use of static magnetic fields . Practitioners claim that subjecting certain parts of the body to magnetostatic fields produced by permanent magnets has beneficial health effects . These pseudoscientific physical and biological claims are unproven and no effects on health or healing have been established . Although hemoglobin , the blood protein that carries oxygen , is weakly diamagnetic and is repulsed by magnetic fields , the magnets used in magnetic therapy are many orders of magnitude too weak to have any measurable effect on blood flow . Methods of application Magnet therapy is the application of the magnetic field of electromagnetic devices or permanent static magnets to the body for purported health benefits . Some practitioners assign different effects based on the orientation of the magnet ; under the laws of physics , magnetic poles are symmetric . Products include magnetic bracelets and jewelry ; magnetic straps for wrists , ankles , knees , and the back ; shoe insoles ; mattresses ; magnetic blankets ; magnetic creams ; magnetic supplements ; plasters / patches and water that has been magnetized . Application is usually performed by the patient . Purported mechanisms of action Perhaps the most common suggested mechanism is that magnets might improve blood flow in underlying tissues . The field surrounding magnet therapy devices is far too weak and falls off with distance far too quickly to appreciably affect hemoglobin , other blood components , muscle tissue , bones , blood vessels , or organs . A 1991 study on humans of static field strengths up to 1 T found no
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff8428606.html,/ 济南新航道学校 IELTS READING 雅思阅读 高分必备习题集 注：本习题集仅供济南新航道内部学员使用，严禁翻印，传阅。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff8428606.html,/ Contents 1.Amateur naturalist 业余自然学家（P3） https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff8428606.html,municating Styles and Conflict 交流的方式与冲突(P6) 3.Health in the Wild 野生动物自愈.(p10) 4.The Rainmaker 人工造雨(P13) 5.Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collision with Jupiter 舒梅克彗星撞木星(P16) 6. A second look at twin studies 双胞胎研究(P19) 7.Transit of Venus 金星凌日(P22) 8.Placebo Effect—The Power of Nothing安慰剂效应(P25) 9.The origins of Laughter 笑的起源(P29) 10.Rainwater Harvesting 雨水收集(P32) 11.Serendipity:The Accidental Scientists科学偶然性(P36) 12.T erminated! Dinosaur Era! 恐龙时代的终结(P40) https://www.doczj.com/doc/ff8428606.html, ADDICTION 电视上瘾(P43) 14.E I nino and Seabirds 厄尔尼诺和水鸟(P46) 15.T he extinct grass in Britain 英国灭绝的某种草(P50) 16.E ducation philosophy教育的哲学(P53) 17.T he secret of Yawn打哈欠的秘密(P57) 18.c onsecutive and simultaneous translation交替传译和同声传译(P60) 19.N umeracy: can animals tell numbers?动物会数数么？(P63) 20.G oing nowhere fast(P66) 21.T he seedhunters种子收集者(P69) 22.T he conquest of Malaria in Italy意大利征服疟疾(P72)
雅思阅读机经类精编
考试日期： 6月16日Reading Passage 1 Title: Green Sahara Question types: TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN Short-answer questions Summary Completion 文章内容回顾先是T/F/NG题，第一个是说那个男博士是偶然间在那个沙漠发现人类残骸的，是True, 因为原文里说她是被那个骨头绊倒(stumbled) 才发现的。另外有一题是问那个人和另一个人之前就已经合作了，是False, 因为是从这次发现那个骨头才开始合作的。之后就是问 答题，先问她们在那个沙漠的前几个星期produce了什么，是a map。然后说那个女博士 把什么送去检查，是teeth。第三个是问检查以后，骨骼比较大的那个多少岁，是9000。剩下的一组是填空题，说打鱼和另一种生活状态人们体格之类的区别。先是peaceful life是从没有injuries看出来的，然后从她们肌肉的attachment看出生活很strenuous, 另外她们的食物里的protein很高，因为常吃鱼。然后是另一部分人，说她们是饲养畜牧的生活，可是只发现了牛的骨骼，因此答案是cow, 然后说可能是她们处在一个转化状 态，答案是transition。 英文原文阅读Paleontologist Paul Sereno and his team were scouring the rocks between harsh dunes in northern Niger in when they stumbled across the graveyard, on the shores of a long-gone lake. The scientists eventually uncovered 200 burials of two vastly different cultures that span five thousand years—the first time such a site has been found in one place. Called Gobero, the area is a uniquely preserved record of human habitation and burials from the Kiffian (7700 to 6200 B.C.) and the Tenerian (5200 to 2500 B.C.) cultures, says a new study led by Sereno of the University of Chicago. The "watershed" find also offers a new window into how these tribes lived and buried their dead during the extreme Holocene period, when a grassy Sahara dried up in the world's largest desert. Coming across such a site "sends a tingle up your spine," said Sereno, a National Geographic explorer-in-residence. (The National Geographic Society owns National Geographic News.) "You're not looking at [dinosaurs], you're looking at your own species." One of the most striking discoveries was what the research team calls the "Stone Age Embrace": A woman, possibly a mother, and two children laid to rest holding hands, arms outstretched toward each other, on a bed of flowers. Sereno and colleagues have also made several dinosaur discoveries in the