2011年高考考英语考前攻略—重点详解-高考生必
备基础知识
第1讲
一、Language Points
1. share
v. 分享、合用：
share sth with sb n. 一份，股份 spare a. 业余的，备用的：spare time, a spare tire
v. 抽出，匀给：spare me five minutes/
spare one of sandwiches for the boy
spare no efforts ：不遗余力
spare no expense ：不惜工本
save v. 节省，救出
2. He felt lucky to have survived the war.
3. with sb about/over sth ：和某人就某事争论 argue for/against sth ：赞成/反对… Sb into/out of (doing) sth ：说服某人做/不做某事
4. have/make/let/see/watch/listen to
+宾+宾补(do/doing/done) get sb to do sth have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done) 5. So+同一主语+助动词 So/neither/nor+助动词+另一主语 So it is/was with+另一主语
6. should/ought to/need/could/might/would+do/have done
7. except/but/except for/except that/except wh-clause besides/in addition apart from but for=without
8. The first time+从句 For the first time ：作时间状语 It ’s the first time+that-clause(完成时) the first+名词+to do
9. most most of the +n.(pl)/pron. the majority of (the) mostly: 主要地（状） 10. be equal to sth ：与…相等 be equal to (doing) sth ：胜任(做)某事 equal sth ：与…相等 equal sb in sth ：在…方面与某人匹敌 11. compar e …to/with … compared to/wit h … 12. a great many several/two dozen/hundred +n.(pl.) (many) dozens of a great many of +the/these/those+n.(pl.) seveal/two dozen of +pron. 13. much too+adj/adv(原级) too much+n.(u.) too many+n.(pl.) 14. 没有被动态 come about(主要用于疑问句、否定句) happen(表示偶然、碰巧之意) sth+ take place(多表示有组织、有计划) break out(指战争、灾害、疾病等的爆发)
occur(与happen 通用) It occurs to sb that/to d o …：某人突然想起… 15. n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase to do ：表将来 With+宾+宾补 doing ：表正在进行 Done ：表过去
16. 强调句型的判断方法：如果将句子中的“it be ”和“that ”去掉，
原句通顺则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。例： It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday. 二、语法专题──名词的考点 1. 考查可数名词和不可数名词，尤其是许多不可数名词在一定情况下变为可数名词。
2. 考查名词的格，即 ’s 所有格，of 所有格或双重所有格。
3. 名词作定语。
4. 名词及名词短语的辨析。
5. 名词与介词，冠词，动词的搭配。 三、题型归纳──辨析型单项填空 1. 名词的辨析
名词的辨析首先要注意名词单复数的意义区别，如parent 指父亲或母亲，而parents 指父母双亲；people 指人们，而a people 指民族。其次注意可数与不可数时的意义区别，如: exercise 指锻炼；而exercises 指练习题或练习操；再次，注意同义名词或近义名词的区别，如:: event 指发生的重大事件、体育项目；incident 指偶发事件；而accident 指意外事件。最后还要注意近形词的区别，如: cloth 指布；cloths 指各种不同用途的布；clothes 指衣服(复数)，clothing 衣服(总称)。 2. 动词的辨析
对于动词的辨析，首先要了解动词的及物与不及物，如: reply 意为“回答，答复”后面接名词时需接介词to, 此时为不及物动词；后接从句时，则为及物动词。其次是要弄清动词的词义区别，如: advise 与persuade, 前者指劝说、劝告，强调过程；而后者指说服，强调结果。最后还要区别各种非谓语动词间的意义和用法：动词的v-ing 形式表示正在进行或伴随的动作；v-ed 形式表示完成或被动；to do 形式表示即将进行的动作等。 3. 形容词、副词的辨析
对于形容词、副词，一是要注意近义词间的区别，如: clever 指对问题处理的圆滑；bright 指对问题的反应快；wise 指选择的正确等。此外，如wide 与broad; strong 与powerful; interesting 与interested; exciting 与excited 等。二是注意同形的形容词和副词，如: close 作形容词时意为“亲密的”；作副词时意为“接近，靠拢”。三是注意同根副词的区别，如: hard 与hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意为几乎不。四是注意副词形式的形容词，如: friendly, lovely, lively 实际上是形容词，切不可当作副词使用。五是注意形容词的位置区别，如: present+n.与n.+present ，前者指当前的；而后者指在场的。
4. 介词的辨析
对介词的辨析要从两方面入手，一是介词的词义，如: across, through, past, over 为动作介词，across 强调从表面横过，越过；through 强调从空间穿过；past 强调从侧面、旁边经过；over 强调从空中越过而不接触，也可以表示越过一段距离、空间等。此外，如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for 的区别。 5. 连词的辨析
连词的区别主要在于：一是连词的意义，如：when, while 与as; because, since 与for; whether 与if; though, as 与although 等。二是注意时间名词短语转化而成的连词，如： every/each time; the first/secon d …time; the moment; the minute 等，它们都可作连词，连接从句。三是注意副词转化而成的连词，如: directly, immediately, instantly 等。四是注意连词的词序，如: only if 与if only, 前者意为“只要”，后者意为“要是…就好了”。 6. 代词的辨析
代词的辨析包括不定代词，如: other, others, the other, the others, another 等；人称代词，如: one, it, that 等和关系代词，如: which 与that; which 与as; whose 与prep.+which/whom 等。 1. Does the teacher____ you to go home this weekend? A. allow B. consent C. agree D. approve 2. After the big fire, the house was completely____. A. ruined B. destroyed C. damaged D. spoiled
3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____. A. living B. alive C. lively D. live
4. ____ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.
A. Tiring with
B. Tiring of
C. Tired with
D. Tired of 5. It ’s necessary to have some____ knowledge for this job. A. electric B. electrical C. elctron D. electricity 6. The photo____ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year. A. hang B. hanging C. hung D. hanged
7. On New Year ’s Day, people, especially girls, always wear new____-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes. A. clothes B. clothing C. cloth D. cloths
8. He stays up____ in the evenings to go online to get the____ information.
A. late, latest
B. lately, last
C. late, last
D. latest, latest 9. ____ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesn ’t know it either. A. What good B. How good C. What a good D. How much good 10. ____ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake. A. Hardly B. Directly C. mostly D. Nearly
11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become___ her?
A. from
B. of
C. into
D. / 12. Who do you think will be allowed____ there tomorrow? A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited
13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship___ the sea. A. in B. across C. from in D. across from 14. You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be____ each time you use it to help you work. A. for B. of C. at D. on
15. I thought he was not____ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school. A. something B. anything C. somebody D. anybody
16. We ’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no____ but to take a taxi. A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
17. ____ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.
A. Tens of thousands of
B. Tens upon thousands of
C. Tens in thousands
D. Ten thousands of
18. The farmers plan to produce three times____ in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people.
A. of crop as much this year as
B. as much crop this year as
C. as more crop this year as
D. much crop this year than
19. I think the house is____ large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable. A. too B. rather C. fairly D. a little 20. His mother dislikes him, for he____ lies. A. tells B. is always telling C. has told D. always told 1-5 ABBDB 6-10 BBAAB 11-15 BBDBB 16-20 BABCB
第2讲
一、Language points
1.
sb./sth.+to do consider(以为，认为)＋ sb./sth.+as that-clause n. consider(考虑)＋ doing
疑问词+to do sth “把…当作…”的译法：conside r …as
=think of/look on/take/regard/treat/hav e …as 2. to do
A way+ of doing
(that/in which)+定语从句 A method of doing sth
by this means You can solve the problem+ with this method in this way
by means of:通过…方式，以…手段 by this/that means:通过这种/那种方式 by all means:务必，一定；（用于回答）当然行，请 by no means:决不，一点也不（用于句首时用倒装） 3. protect …(from) doing sth
prevent/stop …(from) doing sth keep …from doing keep …doing
under the potection of … 4. as well as well as
might/may as well=had better 5. to do specially+ for-phrase especially
6. along the river:沿着河流 over the river:在河的正上方 through the forest:穿过森林 by the river:在河边 在河岸上
7. follow the instructions follow one ’s advice as follows
8. be responsible to sb for sth 9. n.
doing/to do sth sb to do sth prefer+ sth to sth
doing A to doing B
to do A rather than do sth that sb (should) do sth
10. n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another 一个接一个（强调动作的重复）
n. +by +n.: 一个接一个（强调动作的变化） tree after tree/day by day 11. say “hi ” to sb.
Please remember me to sb. 向“某人”问好 Send my regards to sb. Send the best wishes to sb. 12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主动式，与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词时，则应在其后加上适当的介词。
=It ’s difficult to answer the question.
The man is hard to work with.=It ’s hard to work with the man.
当不定式用作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且主语为该动作的执行者时，也常常用主动形式。 Eg. He wants water to drink. She has a room to live in.
I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there? 二、语法专题──冠词的考点
1. 考查冠词的一些基本用法，例如：复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词；the+单数名词表类指；a/an+单数名词表泛指。
2. 考查冠词的习惯用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on
the telephone, leave college等。
3. 考查冠词的活用。如：抽象名词的具体化，a success; a/an+专有名词表泛指，an Edison。
4. 考查零冠词的用法。
三、题型归纳──结构型单项填空
结构型试题常表现在句子中某些成分的省略、标点符号的出现、倒装或插入其他成分使前后分离等，从而引起句子结构的变化，扰乱对句子的判断。
1.有省略的复合句。由于宾语从句或定语从句中谓语部分行为动
词的省略，导致对不定式作状语产生误解。
2.标点符号的影响。由于受汉语习惯的影响，往往会因为句子中
的标点符号，弄错句子的结构。
3.插入语的影响。有些句子由于中间插入了某些成分，而使句子
显得支离破碎，造成对句子结构的误解。
4.倒装句型的基本结构：(1)完全倒装；(2)部分倒装：1）在特殊
疑问句和一般疑问句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情态动词＋主语；3）当虚拟语气的条件从句中省略if时，were, had, 和should应置于句首，采用倒装结构；4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主语+动词原形；5）as, though引导让步状语从句时：提前部分+as+主语+谓语动词；6）表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词词组置于句首；7）当not until+时间状语从句置于句首时，主句应采用倒装结构，而从句仍用正常语序；8）not onl y…but also…连接两个句子时，第一个句子采用倒装结构，第二个句子不采用倒装结构；9）no sooner…tham…, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”，强调过去的两个动作接连发生，当no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首时，主句常把had置于主语之前，采用倒装结构，但从句不倒装。
10）only+副词/介词短语/宾语/时间状语从句置于句首时，常采用倒装，但only+主语则不应采用倒装；11）在so/such…
that…引导的结果状语从句中，将so+adj./adv.或such置于句首时，其主句常采用倒装结构。
5.强调句型，感叹句，并列句的应用。
6.独立主格结构。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done;
4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7) with+n+to
do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.
1. He said he would do what he could____ us.
A. help
B. to help
C. helping
D. helped
2. He spent all the money he had____ that dictionary.
A. buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. bought
3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of____ from the country.
A. that
B. which
C. whom
D. them
4. It is his cleverness, not his strenth, ____ defeated his rival.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
5. The way you think of_____ our living conditions sounds reasonable.
A. improve
B. to improve
C. improving
D. improvement
6. I feel strongly that whatever you____ matter to me.
A. don’t
B. do doesn’t
C. don’t do
D. doesn’t do
7. Is this school____ you studied in two years ago?
A. that
B. when
C. it
D. the one
8. Please tell me the way thought of____ the garden.
A. take care of
B. to take care of
C. taking care of
D. how to take care of
9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had____ went wrong again.
A. it repaired
B. to be repaired
C. repaired
D. repairing
10. We will do everything we can____ our city.
A. to save
B. save
C. saving
D. saved
11. The air quality in Beijing as well as in the neighboring cities we once spent much time____ better and better.
A. in getting
B. having got
C. in is getting
D. has got 12. Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, ____ an article for the wall newspaper?
A. has write
B. has written
C. have write
D. have written
13. What do you consider____ to her?
A. to happen
B. happening
C. happened
D. happens
14. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to____ some schools for poor children.
A. set up
B. setting up
C. have set up
D. having set up
15. To his joy, the day he looked forward to____ at last?
A. coming
B. come
C. came
D. have come
16. How long do you think it is____ she arrived here?
A. when
B. that
C. before
D. since
1-5 BCDAB 6-10 BDBCA 11-16 CCCBCD
第3讲
一、Language points
1. owe sb sth=owe sth to sb:欠某人某物
owe sth to sb/sth: 将…归功于…
owing t o…: 由于…
＝thanks to/because of/due t o…
2. think highly/poorly/little/a lot +of sb/sth
speak highly/well/badly +of sb/sth
sing high praise for sb/sth
3. apologize to sb for (doing) sth
make an apology to sb for (doing) sth
excuse sb for (doing) sth
forgive sb for (doing) sth
pardon sb for (doing) sth
4. make an impression on sb
have an impression of sth
impress sth on/upon on e’s mind
5.serve in the army
on the office
serve the people/the dish
serve sb with sth=serve sth to sb
serve as the chairman
6.make jokes about: 取笑，拿…开玩笑
＝make a joke about
laugh at: 嘲笑
have a joke with sb: 开某人的玩笑
play a joke on sb=play tricks on sb: 戏弄
in joke: 闹着玩，开玩笑
7. to do
It’s time+ for sth
For sb to do sth
That-clause（一般过去时）
8. the one/ones:替代同类事物中特指一个或一些
one: 替代上文提到的同类名词中的一个，表泛指
it: 指上文提到的同一个事物
that: 替代上文出现的带定冠词的名词或不可数名词
9. none: 用来回答how many/how much引导的问句，常与of连用
no one: 只能指人，用来回答who引导的问句
neither: 两者都不，表单数
nothing: 用于指物，用来回答what引导的问句
10. cloth 布(u.): a piece of cloth
表示某种特殊用途的布块（桌布）：Wipe up the water
with a cloth.
clothes: 衣服，服装。是一个没有单数形式的复数名词：
A suit of clothes 注：不能直接用数词修饰，但可用
many, few, his, my, thse之类的词修饰，作主语时谓
语动词用复数。
clothing: 服装，衣着。是一个无复数形式的物质名词，除衣服外，还包括幌子，手套，鞋袜之类的东西，作主
语时谓语动词用单数。A piece of clothing, an artcle of
clothing
dress: 指穿在外面的衣服，尤指在社交场合穿的礼服及妇女的连衣裙。
suit: 成套的衣服。
11. live: 活着，有生命的(作定语，主要用来指鸟或其他动物)，实
况直播的
lively: 活泼的，有生气的，生动的
alive: 活着的，还有气儿的，是表语形容词，在句中作表语或后置定语
living: 活着，健在的，现行的
12. receive: 收到，接到(客观动作)；accept: 接受，领受(主观意愿)
接受教育、惩罚、支持，遭受不幸，接待客人：只用receive 接受某条件、建议：只用accept
13.turn+adj: 常表示从某种状态向其他状态变化的自然现象
The weather has turned much colder.
go+adj: 常表示由好变坏的情况：The milk went wrong/bad.
become+adj: 强调施动者的作用或变化的结果
Please don’t get angry.
come+adj: 一般表示向好的方面变化。
My dream has come true.
14. 含有插入语的疑问句：
What do you think has happened to him?
How do you suppose the film will end?
Why do you believe he is unfit for the office?
15. 主从复合句的反意疑问句：疑问部分根据主句确定，但是主句的主语是I/we, 谓语是think /suppose /believe /hope /imagine /expect /guess /know /feel /be sure /be told时，疑问部分根据从句确定，否定转移时，疑问部分用肯定语气。
She think it is a good idea, doesn’t she?
I think it is a good idea, isn’t it?
I don’t think it is a good idea, is it?
二、语法专题──代词的考点
1. 不定代词：(1)all, any, none, both, either, neither; (2)another, other, the other, others, the others; (3)复合不定代词：someone, anyone, everyone, no one; something, anything, everything, nothing.
2. it的用法：
(1)it作实意代词，代替日期、时间、季节、距离；代替身份不明的人，心目中的人和事以及代替上文已提到的或下文将要提到的人、物或某种情况；代替指示代词this, that。
(2)it作引导词：作形式主语和形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词和从句；it用于强调句型。
3. 替代词one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those的用法。
4. 人称代词在使用中要注意主格和宾格的区别，反身代词则要注意和主语一致。
三、题型归纳──习语、搭配型单项填空
语言的习惯表达是语言在长期使用过程中的结果，不能随意改变。其表现形式主要在介词短语、名词短语及非谓语动词短语的习惯搭配等方面。习语、搭配型单项填空主要考查对英语习语及搭配的掌握和运用，这就需要在平时多加注意和积累，切不可想当然。
1. 介词后的宾语：介词后面常接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，但是，在考试时要注意一些习惯用法。如：far from satisfied/over; take sth for granted; in hospital与in the hospital; at sea与at the sea。
2. 冠词的增删：固定搭配中名词前的冠词的有无都是习惯用法，若去掉或增加，都会使其意思发生变化。如：in prison与in the prison; in bed与on the bed; in school与in the school; in possession of与in the possession of; in charge of与in the charge of; in front of与in the front of。
3. 非谓语动词短语的考查重点：一是非谓语动词与逻辑主语的关系；二是非谓语动词与谓语动词所表示动作的时间先后关系；三是非谓语动词的习惯用法。另外，有些非谓语动词短语已经从非谓语动词短语中游离了出来，而成为表达某种意思的固定搭配。如：to be true; to tell you the truth; to be exact; judging by/from; exactly speaking; frankly speaking; compared to/with等。
4. 动词的搭配。如：mean to do sth/mean doing sth; forget to do sth/forget doing sth; be used to doing sth/used to do sth; head for/go to; lend to/borrow from; set about/set out; write down/take down/put down 等。
5. 动词短语。如：have a cold/catch cold; take place/take one’s place 等。
6. 短语动词。如：run out/run out of; stick to/keep on; bring in/bring on 等。
7. 形容词短语。如：be strict with/in; different from/in; be careful of/with等。
8. 名词短语。如：the number of/a number of; a knowledge of等。1. No matter what you see, don’t take it for____, but use your head to think it over.
A. grant
B. granting
C. granted
D. grantness
2. When writing, he often keeps a dictionary____.
A. in hand
B. on hand
C. at hand
D. hand in
3. His wife often goes to____ on Sundays.
A. church
B. a church
C. the church
D. churching
4. It is good for you in your future life____ English.
A. have good knowledge of
B. to have good knowledge of
C. to have a good knowledge of
D. has a good knowledge of
5. ____ what he said, he has been to Australia.
A. Judge by
B. Judged by
C. Judging from
D. To judge from
6. She is always ready to help others and asking for nothing____.
A. in return
B. in case
C. in addition
D. in turn
7. They held a ceremony____ those killed in the battle.
A. instead of
B. in favor of
C. by means of
D. in honor of
8. The man____ the shop said we could have two days off.
A. in charge of
B. in the charge of
C. take charge of
D. take the charge of
9. When they got to America, they nearly____ money.
A. ran out
B. ran out of
C. ran away
D. ran away from
10. Word came that Brown____ the record in yesterday’s match.
A. made
B. stroke
C. beat
D. hit
11. Look, little Betty is giving a talk to the children and is____ a teacher.
A. somebody of
B. anybody like
C. something of
D. like anything
12. Mr Wang is very old, but he works like a young man. In deed, I can’t admire him____.
A. very much
B. so well
C. too much
D. quite well
1-6 CCACCA 7-12 DABCCC
第4讲
一、Language points
1. sth
sth for sth
prepare+ for sth
to do sth
be prepared to do sth
2.
We tied with the visiting team in the basketball match.
affect vt. 影响
effect n. 效果，作用
have a good/bad effect on
in effect事实上
cause and effect因果
take effect生效，起作用
come into effect生效，实行
effort n. 努力
without effort毫不费力
make every effort尽一切努力
spare no effort不遗余力
3.weigh vt. 称…的重量
vi. 重达…，重量为…
put on weight
lose weight
by weight
in meters/pounds/calories
by the day/the week/the yard/the dozen/the ton
4.i n…参加…比赛
compete+ with/agains t…与…竞赛/竞争
for…角逐…，为获取…而竞赛
5.Where there is a river, there is a city.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where there is life, there is hope.
6.do sth
not do sth
do sth than do sth
would rather+ =would do sth rather than do sth
=prefer to do sth rather than do sth
that-clause+ ──表现在或将来
had done──表过去
7.do damage to sth
live one’s dream
in ruins/in pieces
under attack/discussion/construction/consideration/treatment
8.almost: 差距比nearly小。可与never, no, no one, none,
nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词连用，但不能
与not连用。
nearly: 不可与上述否定词连用，但可与not连用，构成
No t…nearly, 意为“远非…，远不及…”
二、语法专题──形容词和副词的考点
1. 形容词和副词的辨析：一般无规律可循，只能在于平常时多积累。我们应注意这几点：(1)分清形容词和副词各自的语法功能，即形容词常用作定语，而副词常用作状语；(2)掌握具体的形容词、副词的基本含义和语法功能。如therefore意为“所以”，在句中起关联作用。(3)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加-ly，意义不太相同，应加以分辨。常见的有：close接近──closely仔细地，密切地；high高──highly高度地；free免费──freely自由地，自如地；late晚，迟──lately近来；deep深──deeply深刻地，深入地；near邻近──nearly几乎；hard努力地──hardly几乎不；most最──mostly主要地；
wide宽阔──widely广泛地；easy从容地──easily容易地
(4)有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有：early, straight, slow, enough, fast, hard, long, firm等。
2. 形容词和副词的词序：
(1)enough用作形容词修饰名词时，可前可后；用作副词修饰形容词或副词时，只能位于之后。例：enough time/time enough; strong enough。
(2)形容词修饰复合不定代词时要后置，something important。
(3)as, how, so, too修饰单数名词时，其词序为：as/how/so/too+adj.+a/an+n.，too large a room; how interesting a film; Mike is as clever a boy as Tom。
(4)such修饰单数名词时，其词序为：such+a/an+adj.+n.，such a large room; 但名词前是one, some, many, all, no等修饰时，其词序为：one/some/many/all/no+such+adj.+n.。
(5)多个形容词作定语时的词序为：县官行令宴国才──限定词＋描绘性形容词＋大小、长短、高低等形容词＋新旧＋颜色＋国家、地区＋材料＋用途＋被修饰名词。限定词包括：前位限定词，如：倍数词、分数词及all, both, half, double等；中位限定词，如：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough, much, whose等；后位限定词，如：基数词，序数词及little(表示少)，few, last, next, other, another, more, less, most, several, least, plenty of等不定量代词；限定词的排列顺序：前位＋中位＋后位＋中心词。
(6)倍数的表示法：A is n times bigger than B.
as big as
the size of
John has five times as many books as mine.
3. 形容词和副词的比较等级：
(1)当A>B时，比较级＋than
(2)当A>B，且B包含A时
He is older than any of the other boys(=any other boy) in his class.
当A>B，但B不包含A时
He is richer than any of the people here.
I’m taller than any student of your class.
(3)比较级＋and＋比较级：表示自身的变化
The＋比较级，the＋比较级：表示随之变化。
(4)“否定词＋谓语＋比较级”相当于最高级
I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
(5)常见的无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词有：cpmparative(ly), relative(ly), particular(ly), special(ly), excellent(ly), extreme(ly), perfect(ly), complete(ly)等。
(6)more+原级+than: 与其说…不如说…。
(7)可以修饰比较级的副词有：any, even, far, much, rather, still, yet, a bit, a little, a lot, by far, 但不可加very, many, more, fairly, quite(但quite better除外)。
4. 形容词和副词的成分区别：
(1)不能作定语的形容词(大多数以a开头)：afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, ill, well, 若要作定语，则分别改用frightened, similar, living, lone, shy, sleeping, waking, sick, healthy; 有时这些形容词也可以作定语，但一般作后置定语。
(2)作状语一般用副词，但有时形容词可作伴随状语。
He hurried home, full of fear./ All men all created equal.
三、题型归纳──语境、语境＋语法型单项填空
在题干上附加一些语言信息，将词法、句法等知识融入到语境之中，使试题语境化，其特点是：如果单独看空白和选项，各个选项都是正确的。然而，将题干和选项联系起来考虑，就只有一个最佳选项。常见的题型有：(1)对话语境；运用对话语境命题是高考的一种趋势，应该正确理解对话双方的语气、时态、语态，从而确定正确的选项；
(2)句中的语境：有些试题选项中的一个或几个好像都适用这个问题，但是，根据句子的语境的意义，就可判断出只有一个是最佳答案；(3)动词的时态和语态，情态动词及语气，形容词和副词的级。
1. ----Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty?
----Mom, I____ my store room downstairs.
A. cleaned
B. have cleaned
C. was cleaning
D. have been cleaning
2. ----I think Gorge doesn’t really care for TV plays.
----Right, ____ he still watches the program.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so
3. If you can’t come tomorrow, we’ll____ have to hold the meeting next week.
A. yet
B. even
C. rather
D. just
4. I’m going to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything____ to your brother there?
A. to take
B. to be taken
C. taken
D. take
5. We are sure everything here____ by the time you come back from abroad in a few years.
A. had changed
B. will have changed
C. had been changed
D. will have been changed
6. Hello, you____ 323-65668. I’m sorry but I’m unable to answer your call right now.
A. reached
B. are reaching
C. have reached
D. had reached
7. The meeting is not over, and you____ not leave.
A. will
B. shall
C. may
D. need
8. Had I learnt English well, I____ the interview for the job tomorrow.
A. would take
B. would have taken
C. shall take
D. could be taken
9. Bob is____ honest boy, and he won’t tell lies.
A. most
B. the most
C. a most
D. very much
10. With the doctor’s treatment, Sally feels____ better now.
A. very
B. fairly
C. so
D. quite
11. Though the ship sunk, all the people on her____ be resuced.
A. could
B. should
C. had to
D. were able to
12. We will all appreciate____ you can come to join us in developing my hometown.
A. that if
B. it if
C. it that
D. that when
13. ____ he said to us yesterday____ true?
A. What can, was
B. That can, was
C. Can what, be
D. Can that, be
14. He told me that he would remember the days in Beijing University forever____ he got much help there from Professor Zhu.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
15. ____ is what he did, not what he said, that moved us greatly.
A. It
B. This
C. Which
D. As
1-5 DBDBD 6-10 BBACD 11-15 DBCDA
第5讲
一、Language points
1. sth：与…一致/符合
sb：同意某人
with one’s idea/opinion 同意某人的意见
what sb said (观点，所说的话)
to on’s plan/arrangement/suggestion
agree 同意某人的计划、安排、意见
about/on/upon sth同意做某事
to do sth
that-clause
2. of/about sth 提醒
remind sb to do sth
that-clause 使人回忆起…
3. ad d…to…：把…加上(在)…
add to=increase：增添，增进
add up (to)：加(起来是)，总计达…
4. success n.(U)成功，(C)成功者/事
succeed v. successful a. successfully ad.
be successful in (doing) sth
succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
have success in doing sth
Sb/sth is a success.
5.be/stay/keep+in touch with 表状态
be out of touch with
get in touch with 表动作
lose touch with 6. in case of+短语
in case+从句
in no case决不
in any case无论如何
in that case如果那样
7.expensive/cheap
valuable/valueless
priceless=very expensive：无价的
8.respond (vi)+ to…：对…回应
with/by：以…(方式)回答，响应resonse (n.)
9.be harmful to sb/sth
do sb/sth harm
do harm to sb/sth
do sb/sth good
do good to sb/sth
10.die out：(家族、物种等)死光，灭绝；
(习俗、做法、观念)消失，过时；(火)熄灭die away：(风、声音、光线等)逐渐停止(消失)
die down：(指炉火等)渐熄；(指骚动等)渐平息；(指闹声)消失
die off：先后死去了；…死去
die of：死于内因(如疾病、年老、饥饿、情感等)
die from：死于外因(如损伤、事故、天灾等)
11. as a/the result of：由于…
as a result：结果，因此
result from：因…而引起
result in=cause：导致，致使…
12.take measures to do sth：采取措施
make clothes to on e’s own measure：量体裁衣
https://www.doczj.com/doc/fe8203316.html,te：晚，迟，不久前
lately=recently：近来
last：最后，最后的
latest：最近的，最新的
later：后来；结构常为：一段时间＋later：过了…之后14.：适应某物/某人
adapt sth/sb to sth/sb：使某物/某人适应某物/某人
adapt oneself to：使自己适应某事
：根据…改写/改编
：指修改或改变以适应新条件
You should adapt yourself t the new environment.
adjust：是指“调整、调节”使之适应
You can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted to
your eyes
fit：多指“大小适合”，引申为“吻合”
The shoes fitted me well.
suit：多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”等
No dish suits all taste.
：指“大小、色调、形状、性质等”相配或相称
A red jacket doesn’t match green trousers.
adopt sb：收养
sth：采用
15.devote oneself/time/life to
look forward to doing sth
be/get used to
stick to/get down to/object to
16.
for free
be free from
17.：靠武力，强行
be in force：生效
come/go into force：生效
force one’s way：强行前进或进入
18.It’s one’s turn to do sth：轮到某人干某事
take on e’s turn：依次，轮到某人
in turn：依次，轮流，反过来，转而
by turns：轮流，交替
take turns (at) doing sth/to do sth：轮流干某事
二、语法专题──介词的考点
1. 常用介词的意义区别
(1)表示时间at+时间点：在…时刻，在…点钟，在…岁时
on+某天或某天的某个时间：在某日、星期几、某日
早中晚等
in+时间段：在…期间，在…以后，在…时间内
by+时间：在…之前，不迟于…，常与完成时连用
(2)表示方位：in/on/to/off
(3)表示部位
on+ the head/shoulder/back/nose：表示拍打较硬或凸形的部位
in+ the face/ear/stomach/eye:：表示拍打较软或凹形的部位
by+ the arm/hand/nose: 表示牵、拉、抓某部位
(4)表示之间：between/among
(5)表示方式
by：乘…(交通工具)，通过…(方法)，常接无冠词名词或动名词with：以…工具/手段，用身体某部位，常接带冠词的具体某工具in：表示表达的方法、媒介、工具、材料等
through：通过…途径/方式/方法
(6)表示穿越
through：表示从物体里面穿过，还可表示沿着街道、河流走across：表示从物体表面经过，还可表示横过街道、河流
over：表示从物体上方越过，还可表示挎在肩上
2. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
3. with的复合结构
4. 含有介词的固定搭配
①有无冠词，意义不同
in front of/in the front of
in charge of/in the charge of
out of question/out of the question
at table/at the table
on earth/on the earth
②有无介词，意义不同
know sb.认识某人/know about sb.了解某人
shoot sb.击中某人/shoot at sb.向某人射击
search sb.搜身/search for sb.搜寻某人
believe sb.相信某人的话/believe in sb.信任某人的人格
benefit sb.使某人受益/benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处
③不要画蛇添足
serve for the people为人民服务
enter into the room进入房间
follow behind me跟在我后面
at the momen t……就…
in this/that/last/next year今年/那年/去年/明年
in one/any/each/every/some/all year
一年/任何一年/每年/每年/某年/全年
marry with sb.与某人结婚
go to abroad出国
live in upstairs住在楼上
④不要张冠李戴
be caught in the rain被雨淋着（不用by）
leave for someplace动身去某地（不用to）
set an example to sb为某人树立榜样（不用for）
in the direction朝着…方向（不用to）do a favor for sb帮某人一个忙（不用to）
different from和…不同（不用with）
with the help of在…的帮助下（不用under）
steal sth from sb偷某人的东西（不用of）
⑤别丢三落四
drop in on sb拜访某人（别丢了on）
drop in at someplace参观某地（别丢了at）
look down upon瞧不起（别丢了upon）
think o f…as认为…是（别丢了of）
look on…as认为…是（别丢了on）
rxplain to sb sth向某人解释某事（别丢了to）
from behind the door从门后面（别丢了behind）
be worth listening to值得一听（别丢了to）
三、题型归纳──逻辑型单项填空
这类题型主要从句子的形式、句子的意义来考查对英语句子的把握和理解情况，具体表现在主谓一致、意义一致、人称一致、非谓语动词及介词的逻辑主语一致等方面。
1. Qiong Yao with her works____ very popular with us young people.
A. be
B. are
C. were
D. become
2. What I like best, to tell you the truth, ____, in my opinion, the books my brother bought me as my birthday present last week.
A. are
B. is
C. have
D. existed
3. The teacher told us that practice____ perfect.
A. make
B. makes
C. made
D. making
4. Hurry up, if you____ there with us.
A. go
B. will go
C. would go
D. could go
5. At the age of seven, ____.
A. his father died
B. he lost his father
C. his dog followed him
D. his parents divorced
6. ____, his mother saw him playing games with other children.
A. On his way home
B. From his room
C. From her office
D. Under his nose
7. She has long been expecting a chance to study abroad and at last she got____.
A. it
B. that
C. another
D. one
8. If a student can make what has been learned____ whether in class or from social practice, he will make steady progress.
A. his own
B. him
C. himself
D. his
9. He is one of the students who, I’m sure, always do____ best.
A. his
B. their
C. my
D. one’s
10. Neither Rose nor Henry likes to attend the meeting, ____?
A. does she
B. does he
C. do they
D. did you
11. ____ more attention, the tree may grow better.
A. Give
B. Giving
C. Given
D. To give
12. Someone must have taken it away this morning, ____?
A. haven’t they
B. hasn’t he
C. don’t they
D. didn’t he
13. ----What do you think worries him so much? ----____.
A. He didn’t pass the exam
B. His father is seriously ill
C. Lost his bike
D. What Jim said just now
14. Miss Wilson, whose parents are____ working in China, is studying in Peking University now.
A. either
B. all
C. both
D. no
15. The teacher as well as a number of students____to attend the party yesterday.
A. were asked
B. was asked
C. were asking
D. was asking
1-5 DABBB 6-10 CDDBC 11-15 CDDCB
第6讲
一、Language points 1. keep a record of
keep records of
break/beat the record for/in+比赛项目 hold/keep the record of
set (up) the world record for/in+
比赛项目 set up a new world record make a record/make records
play/put on a record
2. sb/sth=be satisfied with sb/sth satisfy one ’s desires/hunger/thirst the conditions
to one ’s satisfaction
adj.: satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory 3. treat a disease sb
treat sb/oneself (to sth) This is my treat. Dutch treat
4. explain/whisper sth to sb
=explain/whisper to sb sth in a whisper=in whispers
5. character: 性格，人物，汉字
characteristic: 特征，特点 6. trouble sb to do
be troubled with ask/look for trouble get into trouble be in trouble get out of trouble
have trouble (in) doing sth have trouble with sth make trouble ：闹事
take (the) trouble to do ：尽力/设法做…
put sb to the trouble of doing ：麻烦某人做… 7. turn off
give/hand out turn away turn over turn back
turn out (to be) turn to sb/sth
7. only i f …: 只有，只要…
had done ──过去 if only: 要是…该多好＋ did/were ──现在
would/should do 将来 did/were 9. at one time=once
at times=sometimes at all times=always at a time=each time
for a time=for some time at no time
at the same time
10. supply sth to sb=supply sb with sth
provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth offer sb sth=offer sth to sb 11. have a habit of doing
form/develop the habit of be in the habit of
12. 临危不惧
13. more than: 不仅仅，超过
more than one+n.(单)+V(单)：不止一个 More than one student likes this film. more than+n/adj: 远非，不仅仅是… Bamboo is used for more than building. no more than: 只有，仅仅
not more than=at (the) most: 最多…，不超过… mor e …than …：与其说…不如说… The man is more brave than wise.
14. the next time 时间名词短语用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，此外，the first time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second 。
二、语法专题──动词和动词短语的考点
1. 动词和动词短语的考查重点是放在特定语境中的辨析
2. 几组常考的动词短语
1. get along ：离开，进展，继续 get across ：越过，使…让人理解 get away ：逃走，逃避，得以离开 get back ：回来，取回 get down ：记下，吞下 get off ：下车(飞机)，下班 get on ：上车
get in ：上车，收割，到站，插话 get up ：起床，站起，(风)变猛烈
get through ：(电话)接通，通过，用完，完成 get together ：聚会，收集
：拿走，带走，消除(病痛等)，减去
take down：取下，记下，拆掉，吞下，病倒
take out：拔掉，切除，带(某人)出去，获得
take off：脱掉，起飞，成功
take up：占据(时间或空间)，以…作为爱好或消遣，从事
3. break away (from): 逃掉，脱离，改掉
break down：出故障，失败，中断
break in：突然进来，插嘴
break into：强行进入，插嘴
break out：突然发生，爆发
break up：解散，结束，破裂，绝交
4. come about：发生
come across：(偶然)遇见
come on(upon)：偶然碰见，出现
come on：来吧，快点，加油
come along：一道去
come in：到来，进来，上市
come out：出来，出版，有…结果
come over：来访，产生
come round：来访，到来
come to：来到，合计，苏醒，谈到
5. pick out：挑选，找出
pick up：拿起，捡起，收拾，学会；(用车)来接，去取：
改进，改善，重新开始，继续，感染(疾病，坏习惯) 6. give away：赠，送，泄露，出卖
give back：归还，送回
give in：屈服，让步，投降
give off：发出(蒸汽，光等)
give out：分发，耗尽，筋疲力尽，发出(气味，热等)
give up：放弃
7. cut down：砍倒，削减，压缩
cut in：插入，插话，插队
cut off：切断，隔断，断绝
cut out：剪成，戒掉
8. mak e…into(out of)…：使…成为(变成)…
mak e…of(from)…：由…制成…(多用被动式)
make for：往…去，有助于
make it：及时赶到，成功，做成
make out：理解，看清，填写，假装
make up：构成，编写，编造，和解，弥补，凑足，准备好9. look about/around：环顾四周，四处看
look after：照顾，照料
look at：看，注视
look down on/upon：看不起
look for：寻找
look forward to：期盼(to为介词)
look into：调查
look like：看起来像，似乎要
look out：向外看，当心，找出
look over：审阅，翻阅，检查
look through：翻看，浏览
look to：注意，负责
look up：查阅，看望
look up to：尊敬
11. bring about：引起，导致
bing back：送还，带回，使想起
bring down：降低（温度，价格）
bring on：带来，引起
bring out：取出，显示出，衬托出，出版，推出（作品）
bring through：使渡过（困难，危机）
bring up：提出，培养，呕吐12. call at：访问（某地）
call away：叫走，转移（注意力）
call back：唤回，回电话
call for：去取（某物），去接（某人），要求，号召
call in：叫来，召集
call off：叫走，转移开，取消
call on：造访（某人）
call (up) on sb to do sth：叫（请）某人做某事，号召某人做某事call out：大声叫（喊）
call up：（给…）打电话
14. go back：回去，回顾，回溯
go by：（从…）旁边经过，（时间、机会）过去，以…为依据go down：下落，下降，减弱
go in for：参加（考试，比赛），从事（职业），爱好
go into：到达，进入，从事，调查
go out：出去，出国，熄灭
go over：复习，演习，检查
go through：通过，检查，审查，查找，经历，做完，用完
go up：上升，上涨
15. hold back：阻止，忍住
hold out：支持，坚持
hold to：抓紧，坚持
hold up：竖起，阻碍，延误
catch/get/seize/take hold of：抓住
keep hold of：抓住，握住
16. put away：收拾，放弃，打消，存蓄
put down：放下，写下，使下车，镇压
put off：推迟，推脱，使不高兴
put on：穿，戴，上演，装（样子），开（电、灯），增加
put out：扑灭，生产，发表，使不高兴
put up：举起，撑起，架起，张贴
17. set about：开始或着做某事（+n./doing）
set out：动身，开始，想要（+to do）
set up：建立，创立，树立
三、题型归纳──交际型单项填空
英语交际型试题主要考查社会交往中一些常用的日常交际用语，考查方式多以应答为主，提问为辅，并以跨文化交际中中英交际文化差异明显的交际项目为重点对象。主要包括对请求、建议的回答，对祝愿的回答，对道歉的回答，对感谢、观点的回答。
1. ----Help yourself to some apples and grapes, please. ----_____.
A. Yes, of course
B. Thank you
C. That’s right
D. Yes, I will.
2. ----Many happy returns of the day! ----____.
A. The same to you
B. Me, too
C. Thank you
D. Don’t be polite
3. ----I’m sorry but I didn’t mean to break it. ----_____.
A. Why not be careful C. Why so careless
C. Be careful next time
D. You’re too foolish
4. ----Thank you for your help. ----_____.
A. With pleasure
B. No, thanks
C. It’s my pleasure
D. I didn’t help you much
5. ----Bruce works very hard. ----_____.
A. So he does
B. So does he
C. It’s the same with you
D. So you do
6. ----Are you sure it’s going to snow this weekend? ----_____.
A. I don’t think
B. I think not so
C. I don’t think about it
D. I don’t think so
7. ----How do you like your Chinese teacher? ---_____.
A. He is very kind
B. Yes, I like him very much
C. No, I dislike him
D. He is much better now
8. ----I’ll be away for a few days. Would you mind looking after my
dog? ----Not at all._______.
A. I’d rather not
B. I’d be glad to
C. I have no time
D. I’d like it
9. ---Hey, look where you are going! ----Oh, I’m terribly sorry.____.
A. I’m not noticing
B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed
D. I don’t notice
10. ----How often do you eat out? ----____, but usually once a week.
A. Have no idea
B. It depends
C. As usually
D. Generally speaking
11. ----Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
----_____. I love getting close to nature.
A. I couldn’t agree more
B. I’m afraid not
C. I believe not
D. I don’t think so
12. ----Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.
----____ Have you got the first prize in the competition?
A. What for?
B. Thanks a lot.
C. Yes, I’d like to
D. Why not?
13. ----Now, where is my purse? ----_____!We’ll be late for the picnic.
A. Take your time
B. Don’t worry
C. Come on
D. Take it easy
14. ----Excuse me, could you tell me the time?
----Sorry. I don’t have a watch with me.
----_____.
A. It’s a pity
B. Thanks a lot
C. I’m sorry to hear that.
D. Thanks anyway.
15. ----Do you think I could borrow your bike? ----______.
A. Yes, you may borrow
B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, help yourself
D. Yes, go on
1-5 BCCCA 6-10 DABBB 11-15 AACDC
第7讲
一、Language points
1. choose：选中，选出（结果）
choose from：从…中挑选
pick：挑选（小东西）
select：选择（过程）
elect：选举
vote：投票
2.be similar to
the same as
3. light lit, lit(后置定语、状语、表语，完成时，被动态)
lighted, lighted(前)
4. celebrate+sth
in celebration of/for the celebration of：为了庆祝…
congratulate+sb+on+sth
5. give away：离开，赠送
keep away (from)：使离开
break away (from)：脱离
put away：存储
do away with：处理掉
turn away：解雇
throw away：扔掉
honour vt. ：尊敬，以…为荣
n. ：尊敬，(pl)光荣，荣誉
in honor of：为了纪念…，尊敬
a sense of honour：廉耻心
show honor to sb：尊敬某人
7. pain (n.)：指一般的疼痛；pains：还有“麻烦，努力”之意
ache (v.)：指局部较持久的疼痛，是陷痛；
(n.)常见在复合词中：headache,stomachace hurt vt：伤害
vi：常指精神、感情伤害；也指肉体伤害。
8. a bit/a little：一点儿，在肯定句中修饰动词、形容词、副词及
其比较级
not a bit=not at all
not a little=very much
a bit of +n.(u)
a little
9. in a/one word：简言之，总之
in other words：换句话说
in words：用语言，口头上
word (u)：消息，诺言
10. such as：用于列举事物，且只列举部分
for example/instance：用来举例说明，不表列举或等同
namely=that is (to say)：即（列举全部）
11. develop healthy habits：养成健康的习惯
develop an interest in sth：培养…的兴趣
develo p…into…：把…发展成为…
develop fro m…：从…进化/发展起来
develop natural resources：开发自然资源
develop films：冲洗胶卷
12. 现在进行时有时代替一般现在时，表示经常性或重复性的动作，句中常见的副词有：forever, always, repeatedly, constantly, 也用every/each day/year; 这时往往表达一种感情色彩，如：不满，厌烦，赞扬等。
She is always helping others.
The problem is that 300 people are dying each day from illnesses caused by smoking.
二、语法专题──动词的时态和语态的考点
1. 试题的立意由简单直接的“结构立意”转向了“情景立意”。试题创设的语境明确，交际情景多是以对话的形式出现，并且大多数发生在学生学习和日常生活中的真实情景。
2. 题干中的有效信息不再让人一眼看穿，而是隐藏在字里行间，近几年在这一类考题中，很少在情景中出现明显的时间信息，如时间状语等。
3. 解决时态和语态问题时，可遵循如下解题思路：
（1）这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的信息有哪些。（2）动作与主语的关系，是被动还是主动。
4. 四组容易混淆的时态：
（1）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调动作结果对现在的影响，属于现在时的范畴；一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间是在过去，属于过去时的范畴。因此，一般过去时需跟表示过境的时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文，而现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。
（2）过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时强调动作发生在“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态。
（3）过去完成时与现在完成时的用法区别：两种时态都常与一段时间和状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。
（4）将来完成时由“shall/will+have done”构成，表示动作或状态
延续到将来某一时刻，常用延续性动词，并带有一个表示将来某一时间的状语或状语从句，如：by the end of this month, by then, this time next week, by the time等；将来完成进行时由“shall/will+have been doing”构成，表示某个动作在将来的某个时间以前已经开始，并一直持续进行着。
5. 关于被动语态的几种特殊用法：
（1）主动形式表被动：表示感觉或变化的feel, look, smell, sound, taste, turn, prove, get等系动词的主动形式表被动意义；动词let, blame的不定式作表语或定语时，主动形式表被动意义。
（2）由“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态：这种形式的被动语态主要用于：①给自己做事（get dressed穿衣）；②设法做到自己称心的事（get elected当选）；③由于客观原因遇到不尽如人意的事（get burned烧焦）；④表示命令（get washed！去洗洗吧）。
（3）在表示“（某物）需要”的need, want, require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动。
（4）“据说类”的3个被动句型：如果我们要想把话说的谨慎些，可以用下列被动结构：①It is said tha t…;②There is said to b e…;③sb/sth is said t o…。能用于这类句型的动词还有believe, think, consider, suppose, hope, suggest, report, know, understand等。
6. 某些固定句式中的动词时态是固定的、约定俗成的：
（1）This/It is the first/secon d…time+that-clause: that从句一般用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was, 则that从句用过去完成时。（2）It is/has been+一段时间+since从句：since从句中一般用过去时，如果将前边的is改为was，则since从句中用过去完成时。（3）be about to d o…when…: 意为“即将…（这时）突然…”。（4）be(was/were)+doing…when…: 意为“正在干…（这时）突然…”。
（5）Hardly/Scarcely had…done…when…; No sooner had…done…than…, when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚…就…”。
（6）It+be+一段时间+before从句：如果主句用将来时，则从句用一般现在时表将来时，意为多长时间以后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为多长时间后发生了某事。
三、题型归纳──综合型单项填空
综合型单项填空已经成为高考英语命题的一种趁势。要求具备以下的几个方面的知识的能力：
1.交际能力：在交谈中，我们必须了解并掌握各种不同交际功能的语言形式，才能正确理解说话者的心理，选出正确答案。
2. 对语境的理解能力：我们在弄清说话者的字面意义的基础上，还必须能够深层理解，看出言外之意，作出正确选择。
3. 扎实的词汇知识：一方面必须能正确辨别词汇的意义及感情色彩；另一方面必须掌握词汇的正确搭配及习惯或固定结构。
4. 牢固的语法知识：我们必须掌握牢固的英语语言基础知识，对各种语言现象能用所学的知识进行科学的解释。
1. ----What about____ passage?
----It’s too difficult____ passage for me.
A. a, a
B. a, the
C. the, a
D. the, the
2. ----How is your grandmother? ----She____ for many years.
A. died
B. has died
C. has been died
D. has been dead
3. ----Why is the boy crying there? ----Because____ his father.
A. being scolded by
B. scolding
C. of scolding
D. of being scolded by
4. ----What do you think make Jenny unhappy and worried?
----____ her new PC.
A. Because she lost
B. Lost
C. As a result of losing
D. Losing
5. ----Could I borrow your motor bike? ----Yes, of course, you____.
A. might
B. could
C. can
D. should
6. ----Can I help you, sir?
----Yes. I bought this radio her yesterday, but it____.
A. didn’t
B. won’t work
C. can’t work
D. doesn’t work 7. I like____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
8. ----You haven’t been to Beijing, have you?
----____. How I wish to go there!
A. Yes, I have
B. Yes, I haven’t
C. No, I have
D. No, I haven’t
9. ----Your phone number again? I____ quite catch it.
----It’s 9568442.
A. didn’t
B. couldn’t
C. don’t
D. can’t
10. ----Will $200____?
----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars.
A. count
B. satisfy
C. fit
D. do
11. He came home after midnight, and____, he got drunk.
A. worse still
B. that means
C. what’s the matter
D. what else
12. You can, ____, come to join us in the singing programme.
A. if you happy
B. when you possible
C. if you please
D. when you necessary
13. Mr Smith, ____ of the____ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tired, boring
B. tiring, bored
C. was tired, bored
D. was tiring, boring
14. I have a lot of books, half of____ novels.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. them
1-5 CDDDC 6-10 DCDAD 11-14 ACAD
第8讲
一、Language points
1. recognize sb as：认出某人是…
be recognized as：某人被认作…
recognize sb to do sth：承认某人做某事
recognize that-clause
recognition (n.)
2. dress：既表动作，也表状态＋dress sb
be dressed in
have on：表状态，不用于进行时
wear：表状态＋（衣服、鞋帽、领带、围巾、首饰、眼镜）表示某一时间的穿戴，常用进行时
put on：表动作
3. prove
sth to sb
sth to be
as
(to be)that-clause
4. beyond control：无法控制
in control：控制着
under control：控制中
out of control=lose control of：失控
5. tear sth to/into pieces
sth in half/into halves
sth open
sth down
at sth：撕扯着…（表过程）
sth：撕碎/撕破（表结果）
up：毁掉
off：脱去、跑掉
away fro m…：从…夺走
6. attend school/church
attend the meeting/lecture
join party/league/club/sb
join in the party/activity
7. call on sb=drop in on sb
call at a place=drop in at a place visit +sb/a place pay a visit to a place
8. be (well) worth + n./doing sth be worthy + of+n.
of+being done to be done 9. pay for sth
pay sb for sth
pay sb money for sth=pay money to sb for sth pay off ：全部还清
pay back ：偿还，归还；报复
10. make/carry out/perform/do experiment by experiment
experiment on/upo n …：对…进行实验 和only, never 连用，强调意想不到的结果和失望的情绪；而分词往往与主句有因果关系，主句表原因，分词形式表结果。 3. 非谓语动词的选择原则：（1）与逻辑主语之间的关系：主谓或动宾；（2）与主谓语动词的时间关系：①在主谓语之前一般用完成式；②与主谓语同时发生一般用现在分词；③在主谓语之后一般用不定式。
4. 只能接-ing 分词作宾语的动词 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿； 放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成； 注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁； 允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。
它们所对应的动词或词组分别是：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to; have/bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop, give up, delay, put off, regret, miss; keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish; pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to; consider, require, cannot help, forbid; permit, be/get used to, mind; be worth, set about, imagine.
三、题型归纳──完形填空的解题要决一
巧用首句信息：①利用首句把握文章的体裁：如果文章开头交代事情发生的时间、地点以及人物等，毫无疑问就是记叙文；如果文章开门见山点明话题或作者的观点，那么很可能就是议论文或说明文。②分析首句信息，预测下文内容：一般情况下，根据首句所给的线索，就能粗知短文的大概内容。由首句的提示，加上语法分析、逻辑推理，并借助于短文中关键词语所提供的信息以及上下文之间的关系，就能进一步确切了解短文内容，为确定答案开辟道路。 例1：Monty owns a horse ranch(牧场) in San Sedro. Once when asked about his____, he told the story about a young man, son of a horse trainer. A. life B. success C. family D. education
[分析]从本文的开头可以断定是记叙文，同时第一句话还透露出
Monty 有一定的成就。从后文的“a horse trainer ”可知他出身贫贱，由此可以断定，人们不是询问他的“生活”，“家庭”或“受教育”情况，而是询问他“成功的秘诀”。
例2：…Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo(单独的) space flights were given plenty of work to keep them____. A. tired B. asleep C. conscious D. busy
[分析]文章开头谈到一个人进行太空旅行会感到很孤单，因此通常给单独旅行的宇航员安排很多工作以排遣这种孤独的情绪。由常识可知，人在忙碌的时候不会感到孤单，而其他三项都与第一句话没有关系。
例3：When I come across a good article in reading newspapers, I often want to cut and keep it. But just as I am about to do so, I find the article on the____ side is also interestin g … A. each B. other C. another D. either
[分析]作者非常喜欢阅读报纸上的文章，当他想要把那些好的文章剪下来保留时却发现其背面的文章也同样有趣。由文中的“newspapers ”及常识可知报纸只有两面，故用other 。
第9讲
一、Language points
1. when 既可指时间的某一点，从句中的谓语动词可以是非延续性
的，又可指一段时间（从句中的谓语动词要用延续性动词），从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。
意为“这时”，常用结构：be about t o …when … as: 强调从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，而不是一前一后。 while: 表示两者情况对比。 2. be of ＋抽象名词＝be + adj.
be of (great) + use/help/value/importance
=be (very) + useful/helpful/valuable/important
3. journey ：适用范围广，可指陆海空的旅行，常指距离较远的旅
行。
trip ：指短时间，短距离的旅行。
travel ：泛指旅游，前面一般不用冠词。 travels ：多指旅行经历
journey 和trip 强调往返性，travel 不侧重往返性，可以是章程旅行。
V oyage ：海上旅行或航海。
4. hope ：指与过去、现在或将来有关的希望，不能接名词，双宾语
或复合宾语。
wish ：多指美好的祝愿，或表达的是过去，现在或将来发生的令
人遗憾的事，接从句时使用虚拟语气。
hope for ：希望、期待、对（某物）有信心 We hope you ’ll be very happy. I wish I had gone to that party.
We haven ’t heard from him for a long time, but we are still hoping
for a letter.
5. n.诺言，有指望，有前途，可能性
There is a promise of better weather tomorrow. keep a promis e →break a promise promise carry out a promise ：履行诺言 fulfill a promise ：实现诺言
v.许诺，答应，有…迹象，使…很有可能 I can ’t promise, but I’ll do my best.
The clouds promise rain.
promising adj. 有前途的，有希望的 6. put up ：搭起，建筑 set up ：建立，成立 build ：建造 build up ：建立
found：创立，创办
7. around/round the corner：在拐角处，即将到来
in the corner：在角落里
on the corner：在拐角上
at the corner：在拐角处（比on的范围大）
8. sb/sth
praise sb for (doing) sth：因…赞扬…
sb a s…：称赞…是…
sing high praise for：称赞…
in praise of：赞美
9. population：对此进行提问时，要使用what，人口的“多，少”
使用large, small；表示“有多少人”时用“has a
population o f…”。
population：用作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由其后面的表语来决定。
----What’s the population of China?
----China has a population of 1.3 billion.
The population of New Zealand is small.
The population of developing countries are mostly peasants.
10. come to terms with：达成协议，妥协
take possessions of：获得，占有
in/with relation to：与…有关联，关于
in memory of sb：为了纪念某人
matc h…with…：把…和…搭配起来
二、语法专题──情态动词和虚拟语气的考点
1. 表示推测：情态动词＋be＋表：现在状态
be doing：现在动作
have done：过去
may/might have done：本可以干某事
can/could have done：本能够干某事
should/ought to have done：本应该干某事
needn’t have done：本不必干某事
would/should like/love to have done：过去本想干某事
had better have done：当初最好干某事
would rather have done：当然真该干某事
注：情态动词表推测时，其反意疑问句，应把情态动词变为不是推测的来考虑。
2. 几个情态动词的辨析与特殊用法：
（1）can/could用于肯定句中表“可以”，或“能够”（强调与生俱来的能力）；be able to强调过去设法完成的某一具体的动作。（2）used to表示过去常常干某事，暗示“现在不干了”，以及表示过去一直存在的状态；would表示过去常常干某事，但不涉及现在的情况，还可以表示过去一直烦人的事情。
（3）need/dare作为实义动词时，应用need/dare to do; 作为情态动词时，一般不用于肯定句中。
（4）shall用于第一、三人称，表示征询对方意见或请求；用于第二、三人称时，表示命令、强制、允诺或威胁。
（5）will可以表示意愿或必然趋势。
If he won’t help us, all our plans will be ruined.
The window won’t open.
3. 虚拟语气应用于如下结构中：
（1）一种定语从句：It’s time that+did
（2）两种目的状语从句：
so that/in order that+ can/may/could/might +do
（3）三种随时变化句：
①wish 现在→did/were
if only ＋过去→had done
as if/though 将来→could/would do
② would rather ＋现在/将来→did/were
过去→had done
③if+did/were, would+ do
过去：if+had done, would+ have done
将来：did
if+ were to do, would+ do
should do
注意：除了由if引导的虚拟条件句外，还有倒装条件句，即把were、had或should提前；混合时间句，虚实错综句，以及含蓄条件句，即由or, otherwise, with, without, but for来引导的。
（4）四种名词性从句：
①当表语是important, natural, necessary, possible, strange, arranged, decided, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, surprising, a pity, no woder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。例：
It’s important that we (should) help each other.
②动词一坚持(insist)，两命令(command, order)，三建议(advise, propose, suggest)，四要求(ask, demand, request, require)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。例：
He insisted that he (should) be sent to the West.
注：insist(坚持说), suggest(暗示，表明)时，从句应用陈述语气。如：Her pale face suggested that she was ill.
③idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。例：
My suggestion is that we (should) hold a class meeting.
④idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例：
The office gave an order that his soldiers fight back bravely.
三、题型归纳──完形填空解题要决二
巧用上下文语境。①注意上下文的信息提示：信息提示出现在前文时，可以根据前文的信息提示确定答案；信息提示出现在后文时，我们应该先把此空暂时搁置，在理解了后文的基础上，再确定答案。
②通读全文，利用复现词语：完形填空试题中，一些词语会重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现使得语篇中的句子相互衔接，从而构成一个完整的、有机的意义整体。把握这些反复出现的词语，有助于我们确定正确答案。
例1：Reading is a way of learning English without classes or a teacher. It helps develop learners’independence. And while reading graded readers, learners don’t have to run a____ because the language is at their level.
A. dictionary
B. teacher
C. student
D. recorder
[分析]because在此引导一个原因状语从句，因为读物中使用的语言符合读者的语言水平，读者当然不必求助于词典。
例2：All of a sudden I started to feel rather__1__. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of__2___. I felt even more hopeless when she told me that it would be difficult to get a job without experience.
1. A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. hopeless D. pleased
2. A. place B. job C. advice D. help
[分析]文章讲到作者去应聘工作，既没有经验又信心，心里感到十分不踏实。从下文中的“I felt even more hopeless”可知第1题填“hopeless”，暗示作者那种无望的心情。而“it would be difficult to get a job without experience”则呼应了第2题，故选job。
例3：Years ago in Scotland, the Clark family had a dream. Clark and his wife worked and____, making plans for their nine children and themselves to travel to 2(America) . It had taken years, but they had 3(finally) saved enough money and had gotten passports and reservations for the whole family on a new liner t the United States. A. spent B. counted C. saved D. played
[分析]分析上面一段文字可知Clark夫妇存钱的目的是让一家人出去旅游。根据文中“but they had 3(finally) saved enough money”可知第1题答案为C项。
第10讲
一、Language points
1. in other words=in another word：换句话说
in a word=in one word：总而言之
have a word with=have a few words with：和…说几句话
have words with：与…争论
2. can neve r…too…
can no t…too…无论怎样…也不过分，越…越好
3. as+adj/adv(原级)+as possible=a s…as one can: 尽可能…
4. appreciate +n/doing
appreciate +it+ that-clause(真宾)
5. to do/doing
intend+ sb to do
that-clause(虚拟语气)
inten d… + as…: 打算(使)…成为…
be intended fo r…：(为…而)准备
6. marry sb to sb
be/get married to sb
marry sb
be/get married to sb with sth
7. 部分否定句：all, both, every, everyone, everything等总概括词与
否定词not连用时，表示部分否定，意思是“并非…都…”。
8. make up：化妆，编造，组成(部分组成整体)，占…(比例)
be made up of：一个整体是由几个部分组成
=be composed of
=consist of
make up for：弥补
9. in(out of) condition/in good(bad) condition：情况良好(糟糕)
On/upon condition that(引导条件状从)：如果…，在…条件下10. vi.: 受苦，受害，受损失
He suffered a lot during the war.
suffer Your reputation will suffer.
vt.：遭受，容忍，耐住
He is suffering the loss of his wife.
These plants cannot suffer a cold winter.
suffer from: 患…病，受…之苦
Last week I suffered from a bad cold.
His hometown suffered from heavy floods in 1998.
二、语法专题──定语从句的解题方法
1. 通读全句，判断是否为定语从句。
2. 题干若为疑问句，将其恢复为陈述语序。
3. 认真分析句中所提供的信息，确定定语从句的类型，是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
4. 确定从句中所缺的成分，从而做出正确的选择。
5. 将选项填入句子中，看语意是否通顺。
6. 在此过程中，还要注意标点符号的位置，以及并列连词but, and 的作用。
三、题型归纳──完形填空的解题要决三
根据文化背景常识：①利用英语国家的文化背景知识，英语国家的文化背景知识包括英语国家的风俗习惯、历史事件、地理位置等。我们做题时若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识，注意中西文化各方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，选出正确的答案。②结合生活常识，避免常识性错误。完形填空文章的内容经常与日常生活相关，因此当我们对语言的把握不准确时，可充分利用社会知识和科普常识来帮助判断，这就要求我们平时既要多体验生活，又要博览群书。
例1：Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. They are very busy working to support the family. They don’t act in the romantic ways that I read in books or I se on TV. Flowers to each other on Valentine’s Day is even more out of the question.
A. Taking
B. Passing
C. Buying
D. Sending
[分析]利用文化背景知识解答。众所周知，Valentine’s Day为西方国家的情人节，这一天情人之间、夫妻之间一般是要互送鲜花来庆祝的。因此借助这一文化背景知识很快可以选出答案。例2：Roberta appeared on the stage. She took a deep breath and began to speak . Now she was Portia, a strong-willed in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. The theatre was filled with people. She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced, the words flowing smoothly from her.
A. member
B. actress
C. player
D. character
[分析]本题考查文化背景知识。莎士比亚为英国文学巨匠，他的作品人们耳熟能详，尤其是《威尼斯商人》更是广为人知。其中主要人物有乐于助人的安东尼奥，贪婪自私的夏洛克，还有机智、漂亮的鲍西亚。根据文意可知此题答案。
例3：Fire stations are strangely exciting places. In the normal course of events the great doors are shut, and behind them, the fire-engines wait peacefully, brightly cleaned and lovingly cared for. But the moment the fire alarm sounds, the huge doors open immediately and the firemen come .
A. fleeing
B. laughing
C. jumping
D. rushing
[分析]考查生活常识。每当有火警的时候消防队员都是快速出动，此处用rushing表示方式，修饰come。Fleeing“逃逸”，laughing“笑”，jumping“跳”，均与语境不符。
例4：It was New Year’s night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep____ sky.
A. grey
B. blue
C. black
D. cloudy
[分析]考查生活常识。晚上天空的颜色一般是深蓝色。
It was a bright Saturday morning in the late fall. I had stopped at a caféto enjoy a cup of coffee and__1__ the morning newspaper. Suddenly, I__2__ a hand on the back of my jacket and heard someone say, “Hey Steve! How ya doin’?”
__3__ up, I saw a boy wearing a mechanic’s uniform worn by employees of the gasoline station next to the café. He looked__4__, but, at first, I was unable to__5__ where we had met.
He also held a cup of coffee, so I asked him to join me. Very soon, his__6__ and probably my coffee began to thaw(解冻) out my__7__.
Five years earlier, he had been traveling home late on a February night. A fierce__8___ had arrived that afternoon, and by midnight, the snowdrifts were getting__9___. He recalled__10__ a drift just down the road from my house.
He had walked to my house for__11__. I had taken my pickup and a tow-rope and__12__ his car out of the snowdrift and up to the highway where maintenance(维护) trucks had__13___ away the snow.
This has been a__14__ occurrence here during the winter. I cannot__15__ the times someone has also pulled my car from a snowdrift.
___16__, it was an unforgettable experience for him, and his memory of our unexpected meeting in a snowstorm__17__ my entire day.
Leo Buscaglia wrote, “Too often we underestimate(低估) the__18_ of a touch, a smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliment(赞扬), or the smallest act of__19__, all of which have the potential to turn a__20__ around.”
1. A. preview B. scan C. order D. buy
2. A. noticed B. got C. caught D. felt
3. A. Looking B. Standing C. Rising D. Glaring
4. A. sensitive B. friendly C. familiar D. grateful
5. A. reflect B. determine C. regain D. recall
6. A. story B. experience C. appearance D. greetings
7. A. heart B. feeling C. memory D. wonder
8. A. sandstorm B. snowstorm C. hurricane D. rainfall
9. A. high B. slippery C. thin D. deep
10. A. blocking B. hitting C. knocking D. crashing
11. A. help B. advice C. emergency D. shelter
12. A. pulled B. dragged C. pushed D. dug
13. A. collected B. cleared C. threw D. melted
14. A. basic B. common C. forgettable D. practical
15. A. count B. keep C. master D. predict
16. A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise
17. A. covered B. influenced C. brightened D. filled
18. A. meaning B. relation C. value D. power
19. A. caring B. offering C. sharing D. forgiving
20. A. course B. fate C. truth D. life
本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者在咖啡馆里喝咖啡的时候，遇到了自己曾经在风雪之夜帮助过的一个年轻人。作者已经记不起对方了，但年轻人对作者给予的帮助却多年不忘。这使作者意识到一个善意的举动有多么大的力量。
1-5 BDACD 6-10 ACBDB 11-15 AABBA 16-20 CCDAD
第11讲
一、Language points
1. lean against/on/upon+n.
n.+against/on/upon+n.
back后仰
forward俯身向前
to the left向左侧身
to/towar d…：倾向…，向…倾斜
2. match +n. +to/with +n.：使…（和…）调和，相配
match +n. +against/with +n.：使…（和…）交手，使…比赛
3. be sure of/about +n./pron.：对…有把握，确信…
that-clause：确信
wh-clause：能确定…，知道…
sb be sure to do：一定会…的，必定…
sb be certain to do
It is certain that-clause
that-clause
make sure+ of sth/doing sth：确信，对…有把握
to do sth：一定要做…
4. expect+ sb/sth：期待，预料
to do sth：期望做某事
n+ to do：期望…做…
to be done：期待…被…
that-clause
…+ clause
(it is) expected
You arrived earlier than I had expected.
expected.
5. appear: 不能接as if, 强调外表给人某种印象，有时含
有实际并非如此。
看起来seem：可跟as if, 暗示判断有一定的根据，这种判断往
往接近事实。
look：可接like/as if，强调视觉印象，后面跟形容词6. engage sb to sb：使某人与某人订婚
get engaged to sb：与某人订婚(动作)
be engaged to sb：与某人订婚(状态)
be engaged in (doing) sth：忙于/从事某事
7. It is no good/use +doing sth
There is/seems no point in doing sth
There is no need to do sth
8. use up=run out of 用完
give out=run out 耗尽
9. rather than
other than=except
or rather：更确切地说
10. get through：做完，办完，看完；通过；接通；度过；用完
go through：经历(痛苦、困难)，翻阅，参观，查看
look through：浏览
see through：看穿，看透
break through：突围
put through：把电话接通，使成交，完成
pull through：(使)恢复健康，(使)度过难关
11. be present a t…：出席
present adj.：做后置定语：All the people present are students.
present sth to sb 向某人颁发…，把…赠送给…
present sb with sth
for the present：暂时
up to the present：直到现在
at present：目前
present n.：礼物
12. be known as/for/to/in
under debate
would like to do
feel like doing
13. adapt to：适合
to relate to：与…有关
为get down to：开始做，着手
介stick to：坚持
词pay attention to：注意
look forward to：期望
addict oneself to：使自己沉溺于…
be addicted to：沉溺于…
devote…to…：致力于
二、语法专题──名词性从句的解题思路
1. 通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型。
2. 题干若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序。
3. 观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质。
4. 确定从句性质后回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍。
5. 注意标点符号和并列连词(and, but)的作用。
6. 将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。
三、题型归纳──完形填空的解题要决四
灵活掌握名词、动词在句子中的应用。①结合语境及名词、动词词义辨析选出最佳答案：词义辨析主要集中在实词，即名词、动词、形容词和副词。设题通常以同义词、反义词或易混词的形式出现。这就要求我们在做题时要根据上下文语境确定答案，将意义相反或相差较大的选项剔除掉，选择使句子结构完整、语法正确、语意符合逻辑的最佳答案。②夯实基础，牢记含有名词、动词的短语或固定搭配：对含义清晰的名词、动词短语或固定搭配，可以边读边猜测答案，遇到有能和空白前后构成固定搭配的选项，只要符合文意则可以不考虑其他选项，因此我们平时要注重短语或固定搭配的积累。
例1：“Only a miracle(奇迹) can save him now”, the little girl went to her bedroom and took out her piggy bank. She emptied all the change out on the floor and counted it carefully. Then she her way six blocks to the local drugstore.
“And what do you want?” asked the chemist.
A. followed
B. made
C. felt
D. found
[分析]考查动词词组辨析。语境为小女孩听到父母谈论她的弟弟病得很厉害，家里已没有剩下多少钱，只有奇迹能救他，于是她倒空自己的储钱罐。再结合下文问话“And what do you want? Asked the chemist.”可知她“去了”药店。Followed one’s way “跟着别人走”；made one’s way “朝…走去”；felt one’s way “摸索前进”；found one’s way “发现途径”，结合题意此处应选B。
例2：“Stop that man!”Vernon shouted. “He has a bomb!” Everywhere, passengers were____ their feet and screaming.
A. running over
B. jumping over
C. running to
D. jumping to
[分析]考查结合语境选择动词短语的能力。上文提到，有人携带炸弹，听到这种情况人们的反应应为惊跳起来尖叫着。故选答案D。例3：Why is setting goals important? Because goals can help you you,
be, and experience everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow yourself to____ your life happen.
A. leave
B. cause
C. make
D. get
[分析]考查动词短语习惯搭配。make sb do sth “让某人做某事”，其余各项不符合表达习惯，不可用省略to的不定式作宾补。
例4：I began to feel self-conscious . A voice said to me “Why can’t you look like her?”“____ you’re so fat?” Although I wasn’t fa t…
A. When
B. Because
C. If only
D. How come [分析]考查习惯搭配。How com e…?意为“何以会…，为什么”。全文语境为：作者所处的班级的学生都比较有钱，尤其是在穿着方面更是挑剔，更注意自己的身材，唯恐发胖。因此作者考虑到别人的情况感到不自在，尽管自己不算胖。此处意为：“你为什么看起来不能像她那样？”“你为什么会这么胖呢？”
第12讲
一、Language points
1. be convenient to do
be convenient to sb
2. to one’s taste：合某人的口味
show good taste in：对…有鉴赏力
have a/a n…taste：有…的味道
taste good：吃起来很好
have a taste for/in：喜好…
3. rob sb/place of sth
steal sth from sb
steal sb sth
4. contribut e…to…: 向…捐献(投稿)
contribute t o…：促成，有助于
make a contribution to/towards：向…捐献
5. as follows：如下
follow the example of：以…为榜样
6. remind sb of sth=remind sb about sth
remind sb that-clause
remind sb to do sth
7. A is to B what C is to D
stand out
start with
set aside：把…置于一旁，留出，拔出
be gone/missing/lost/left
8. impres s…on…: 把…印在…上
impress sb (with sth)：使某人牢记(某事)
impress sth on sb：使某人铭记某事
be impressed by/at/with：被…所感动
be impressed on one’s mind/memory：被印在脑海里
9. recommand+ sb/sth to sb：向某人推荐某人或某物
sb for sth：推荐某人做(某工作)
sth fo r…：推荐某物作(某用途)
sb a s…：推荐某人为…
doing sth：
sb to do sth 建议做某事
that-clause (should)
10. remain +adj./n./doing/to do/介词短语：仍然是，保持某种状态
It remains to be see n…：…还要看情况发展
remaining：现在分词作前置定语：the remaining three dollars
=the three dollars left stay +adj.：继续处于某种状态
keep + adj. 继续处于某种状态
n. +adj/doing
11. lead t o…：导致
lea d…to…：把…带向…
12. differ from/with sb on/about/upon sth：跟某人在…上意见不同
make a difference：起作用，发生影响
make some/no difference：有（没有）关系或影响
二、语法专题──状语从句的考点
高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在成分的省略，时态的替代，语序的倒装以及连词的辨析四在方面。
1. 成分的省略
①在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果主语是it 或与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词含有be时，可把从句的主语和be一起省略。
Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to.
Do come to see me whenever (it is) possible.
②在比较状语从句中，可省略与主句相同的部分。
I know you more than he (knows you).
Tom is two years older than Alice (is).
③as(尽管)引导让步状语从句，表语前的冠词要省略。
Hero as he is, he has shortcomings.
④其他省略。
Please drop in any time you like.
Is it going to rain? If so, I’ll stay at home; but if not, we will go out.
2. 时态的替代
①在时间、条件和让步状语从句中须用一般现在时替代一般将来时，用一般过去时替代过去将来时。
If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go fishing.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
②The mor e…the more…句型中，前句起“条件状语从句”作用，故用现在时表将来。
The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.
③after, before, as soon as等连词本身就暗示了时间的先后，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时，而不会产生时间上的混乱。
I went to bed after I (had) finished my homework.
The film star (had) left before the reporter arrived.
He got down to work as soon as he (had) go to the factory.
3. 语序的倒装
①no soone r…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…句型中的主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时，且置于句首时主句要倒装。No sooner had he got home than it began to rain.
②so/such…that…, not until…置于句首时主句要倒装。
So angry did she feel that she couldn’t speak.
Not until he told me the truth did I realize what had happened.
4. 连词的辨析。根据上下文的语意推断属于哪种状语从句，然后选择连词。
三、题型归纳——完形填空的解题要决五
把握文章脉络，识别句式特点。①把握文章脉络，偏重观点、态度，慎边读边做。我们在通通览全文的基础上，要从整体上把握文脉，找出完形填空短文的主题大意，作者的观点、态度，文章展开的线索等信息。②学好语法知识，积累句型句式。尽管高考淡化语法，注重情景，但是扎实的语法功底，良好的语感对于完形填空题是大有帮助的。
例1：It was pouring outside. We all stood there____, some patiently, others annoyed because nature messed up their hurried day. I got lost in the sound and sight of th e…
A. chatting
B. waiting
C. complaining
D. talking
[分析]细读全文可知，语境为外面下着倾盆大雨，我们站在那里在等雨停下来，不是在干其他事情。
例2：“Tonight was supposed to be____---- to celebrate six months. You do remember we’re engaged, don’t you?”
A. normal
B. sleepless
C. special
D. sad
[分析]本篇文章谈论一对情侣的经历，该题易误选B，认为会激动得睡不着，但是结合语境可知，要庆祝订婚六个月，所以今晚应具有特殊意义。
例3：The story____ to be this: George bought a lottery ticket(彩票) a few days ago and won a prize of $500,000.
A. turned up
B. turned out
C. turned down
D. turned off
[分析]考查常见句式。句意：故事证明是这样的：乔治几天前买了彩票获奖50万美元。turn out to be “结果是，证明是”，表示结果出乎意料之外，四个选项中只有turn out可接to be。
例4：Ellsworth, a patient who had suffered several failures in business,
did not show much interest in painting at first. But____ the weeks went by, Swain’s visits grew more frequently .
A. as
B. with
C. since
D. had to
[分析]分析语境可知，此处意为“随着时间一周一周过去”。此处不可填with，因为with后不接句子。As time went by “随着时间推移”，为我们所熟知的句式。
For some time I’ve had a church member provide me with a rose to pin on my suit every Sunday. __1__ I always got a flower on Sunday morning, I really did not__2__ much of it. It was a nice gesture that became__3__. One Sunday, however, what I considered__4__ became very special.
As I was leaving the Sunday service, a little boy__5__ and said, “Sir, what are you going to do with your flower?”“Do you__6__ this?”
I said, pointing to the rose pinned to my coat.
He said, “Yes sir. I would like it if you are__7__ going to throw it away.” The little boy said, “Sir, I’m going to give it to my granny. My mother and father got_8__ last year. I was living with my mother, but I could not__9__, so she sent me to live with my grandmother. She has been so good to me that I want to give that pretty flower to her for__10__ me.”
When the little boy finished I could hardly__11__. My eyes filled with tears and I knew I had been touched in the__12__ of my soul. I reached up and__13__ my flower. With the flower in my hand, I looked at the boy and said, “Son, that is the__14__ thing I have ever heard, but you can’t have this flower because it’s not__15__. If you’ll look in front of the platform, you’ll see a big__16__ of flowers. Different families buy them for the__17__ each week. Please take those flowers to your granny because she__18__ the very best.”
If I hadn’t been__19__ enough already, he made one last statement and I will always treasure it. He said, “What a__20__ day! I asked for one flower but got a beautiful bouquet.”
1. A. Because B. Although C. If D. Once
2. A. speak B. think C. remind D. care
3. A. rule B. practice C. custom D. routine
4. A. valuable B. useless C. ordinary D. normal
5. A. approached B. stopped C. interrupted D. followed
6. A. notice B. see C. like D. mean
7. A. always B. just C. ever D. already
8. A. divorced B. lost C. disturbed D. troubled
9. A. stand B. understand C. stay D. help
10. A. comforting B. adopting C. supporting D. loving
11. A. move B. speak C. breathe D. refuse
12. A. depths B. back C. bottom D. corner
13. A. uncovered B. unloaded C. unpinned D. unwrapped
14. A. sweetest B. nicest C. saddest D. strangest
15. A. real B. fresh C. expensive D. enough
16. A. pile B. bouquest C. collection D. chain
17. A. relatives B. old C. poor D. church
18. A. deserves B. proves C. sounds D. matches
19. A. challenged B. surprised C. touched D. taught
20. A. sunny B. special C. lucky D. wonderful 1-5 ABDCA 6-10 DBACD 11-15 BACBD 16-20 BDACD 第13讲
特殊句式包括有：倒装句、强调句、省略句、反意疑问句、主谓一致和情景交际。这些句式都有其基本结构和一些特殊情况的用法。所以对于这些句式重点要熟记这些用法，并要注重句意的理解。
三、题型归纳──阅读理解的解题要决──主旨大意题
1. 根据文章第一段或首句确定文章的主旨。新闻报道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，另外有些说明性或议论性文章也会开门见山地提出文章的中心或阐述的观点，文章的第一句话或第一段就是对全文主旨大意的概括。后文对此进一步解释说明，一般上具体的事例或信息，全文具有先总后分的特点。我们在捕捉文章的主题句时，应该对包含主题句的段落进行适当的分析。
例：Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess if they are properly used. If fire didn’t hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child could burn itself again and again because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier----and some do exist----is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.…
Q: The best title for this passage should be____.
A. No pains, No Gains
B. Pain and Actions
C. The Value of Fear
D. The Reason Why People Fear
[分析]文章的第一句话就开门见山点明了主题：如果利用得当，恐惧和痛苦是人和动物拥有的两样最有价值的东西。后文就此展开论述，说明恐惧的价值。故答案为C。
2. 主题句在篇尾。主题句位于段末的文章的特点是作者采用了先摆事实，后下结论的写作手法。作者在表述细节后，归纳要点、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。我们在做题时，要判断所读内容是细节性的描述还是对所涉及问题的集中表达。如果文章首先提及的内容多为一般性的事实、细节的描写或具体的事例，则对文章中心的归纳或作者观点及意图的体现极有可能在最后，可以重点细读最后一段，然后回过头来利用主题句进一步理解文章的细节。例：…Free time increased considerably following the shortening of the working week, i.e. from six days to five days, and from ten hours to eight hours a day. In fact, the working day couldn’t be too long, otherwise people wouldn’t have the time to spend their money. The amount of a family’s budget spent on outside entertainment, such as parties, films and concerts has increased from just under 6% in Ford’s day to about 9% today. On the other hand, we spend only a quarter of what our great-grandparents paid for reading materials.
It is difficult to see how our spending patterns may change in the future. We already know that our population is aging and this will have an effect on the amount of money we spend on medical care.
Q: What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. Changing patterns in spending
B. Changes in family planning
C. Decrease in food demand
D. Increase in family income [分析]结合前文所提及的细节可知，文章最后一段的第一句话即全文讨论的主题──消费方式的变化。故答案为A。
3. 主旨出现在文章的中间。在有些议论文或说明文中作者首先列举或说明人们的错误观点或认识误区，然后再点明自己的观点或说明的中心，最后点题，这样文章的主题句就出现在篇中。
例：A close friend siad: “If I could only figure this out, I think I could find happiness.”I have heard this before and will hear it again I am sure.
Many people believe that finding happiness is all about finding something else they want. Not many have ever found long term happiness by achieving another goal. The answer to finding happiness is to look within yourself. found as the result of an acquisition(成就), meeting a goal, or having anything, then a person’s happiness would always be subject to something else.
Q: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Look within to find happiness.
B. Happiness, a choice or the result of an experience?
C. The definition of happiness
D. How can we create happiness?
[分析]作者首先引用别人的观点，然后在材料的第二段点明主题：我们要从自己的内心去寻找幸福。B项表示不确定的两种观点，与作者意图不符；C项仅仅是文章的细节；D项不是文章论述的中心。
第14讲
一、Language points
1. reach＋地点/数字
达到get是普通用语
获得achieve＋目标/希望/成功
win赢得＋比赛/荣誉
gain获得(某种利益)＋金钱/经验
2. put in：打断，插嘴，插入
put away：放好，收起来，留存
put on：穿，上演
put off：推迟，延期
put out：生产，扑灭
put up：举起，张贴
put aside：搁置一旁，储存
put down：写下，记下
put back：放回，送回
put forward：提出主意、计划
3. hesitate in (doing) sth：在…方面犹豫，不灵敏
hesitate about doing sth：关于…犹豫不决
hesitate what to do：犹豫着不知做什么
hesitate to do sth：不愿(欲)做某事
4. a lead-on collision：正面冲突(相撞)
come into collision with：和…冲突
in collision：相撞，在冲突中
in the collision with：在…的碰撞中
collision between A and B：A与B相撞
5. set about+doing
set out to do sth
set out=set off
6. benefit sb/sth：使…受益
sb benefit from/by：从…中获益
7. all the way：一路上，一直，始终
on the/on e’s way (to)：在…的路上
in the way：挡道
8. It is likely that-clause
It is possible/probable that-clause
sb/sth be likely to do
It is possible for sb to do sth
sth is probable
9. rob
warn
cure +sb of sth
cheat
inform
：阐明…
be absorbed in：全神贯注于…，热衷于…
be available for sth/to do sth：对…有效的/可利用的
be sensitive to sth：对…敏感
rang fro m…to…：范围从…到…
二、题型归纳──阅读理解的解题要决二──事实细节题
事实细节是文章的有机组成部分，是作者表达中心思想的具体手段。我们要准确理解一篇文章，必须重视人名、日期、事实、数据和地点等。
1. 从原文直接找到答案所需的信息。在解答这类题时，我们可采用“对号入座”的方法。先找到原文的关键信息，然后把原文中的信息跟后面的题目对照，即可得到答案。
例：…The new strategy involves fuel cells, which are devices that use chemical reactions to produce electrical currents. Researchers from St. Louis University used a type of protein called enzymes(酶). In the cells of living things, including people, enzymes are what spark chemical reactions. To keep up with the pace that our bodies demand, our cells constantly produce new enzymes as the old ones break down.
Scientists had tried using enzymes in fuel cells before, but they had trouble keeping the electricity flowing. That’s because, unlike the enzymes in our cells, the enzymes in fuel cells break down faster than they can be replaced.
To get around this problem, the St. Louis researchers invented molecules that wrap around an enzyme and protect it. Inside this molecular pocket, an enzyme can last for months instead of days.
Q: Researchers have molecules wrap around an enzyme in order to____.
A. make the enzymes in fuel cells break down slower
B. produce enough enzymes to break down
C. keep up with the pace that our bodies demand
D. keep the enzymes in fuel cells from breaking down
[分析]从第四段最后一句话“Tha t’s because, unlike the enzymes in our cells, the enzymes in fuels cells break down faster than they can be replaced”可知，其目的是使燃料电池中酶的分裂速度降低。答案为A。
2. 对信息进行加工。这类题目我们能够在文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是做题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理的加工处理，据此作简单推理。它是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。
例：In the summer of 1941, I was 5 years old. It was a time when the Nickles Bakery sent salesmen in red-and-white trucks door-to-door in our town of Greenville, Pennsylvania, selling baked goods.
One day, a Nickles salesman drove his truck, loaded with goodies, into our driveway. He opened the rear doors, took out his display of baked goods and went into our home to offer my mother the specialties of the day.
While he was inside, I sneaked around to the rear of his truck, with its doors wide open, and I took a package of oatmeal(燕麦) cookies, hurried to the rear of the house and ate the entire package of cookies.
Soon, the truck sped away, and I never gave what I had done another though t…until 27 years later, during the summer of 1968.
Q: In the 27 years after he ate the oatmeal cookies, the author____. A. felt sorry all the time B. tried to find the salesman and pay him
C. never thought about what he had done
D. often remembered the scene
[分析]从文章第四段可知，作者在27年中把自己所做的事情忘记了，从来没有想过。“Soon, the truck sped away, and I never gave what I had done anther though t…until 27 years later, during the summer of 1968”原文中是“never gav e…another thought”与C选项中“never thought about”相照应。
3. 综合信息题。这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话，还可能涉及文章的几句话，而且有时可能散落在文章的不同段落，因此要求我们把原文提供的信息综合起来分析，不能断章取义，张冠李戴。
例：I lacated the bakery and told the superintendent(主管) my story, expecting him to understand my plight and tally up the charges.
I’d pay up and my conscience would be put at ease.
Instead, he laughed out loud and said, “You mean to tell me that you want to pay for something that happened 27 years ago, when you were only 5 years old?”
He laughed again and said, “Reverend(牧师), consider the debt paid.”
I felt relieved and my conscience was right.
Q: Why did the author feel his conscience was right in the end?
A.Because he paid for those cookies, plus 27 years of interest.
B.Because he was respected as a minister by the superintendent.
C.Because the superintendent told him the debt had been paid.
D.Because he was pardoned by the superintendent.
[分析]综合最后主管所说的话可知，他没有让作者付钱，原谅了作者。这时作者的内心才得以释然。故答案为D。
第15讲
一、Language points
1. complain to sb about/of sth
take a complaint to sb about/of sth
2. apologize to sb for (doing) sth
make an apology to sb=say sorry to sb
3. on doing sth
insist+ 坚持…，坚决要求＋that+(should) do
认为，坚持说＋that+陈述语气
4. It is no harm/good/use+doing
It is useless+doing
It is a waste(of time/money)+doing
It is worthwhile+doing
There is no good/use+in+doing
There is no use to do sth/for sth
There is no need to do sth
There is no doubt about/that-clause
There is no sense+in+doing
There is no point+in+doing
5. be/get used to+doing=beome used to+doing：习惯于…
used to do sth：过去习惯于…
be used to do sth：被用来做…
6. for sale：待售
on sale：上市，减价
7. How are you getting on/along wit h…?：询问与人相处的情况如或
某人工作或学习的进展情况如何。What doe s…look like?：询问某人(物)外表看起来如何，侧重人或
事物的外表。
What i s…like?：询问人或物内在的品质、个性或外表，以及用来
询问天气。
What does sb like?：询问某人喜欢什么？
How do you lik e…?=What do you think o f…?：某人认为…怎么样What are you?：询问某人职业？
8. exchange sth for sth
exchange sth with sb
in exchange for：作为交换（和…交换）
9. view：眼界，视野，另外还可表示“观点，风景”等。image：指想像或心中的“影像，意象”，还可指肖像、形象。sight：视野，强调视域本身，是不可数名词。
outlook：景色，指由里面向外看到的景色。
10. in respect of：涉及，关于
respectful：尊敬的，有礼貌的
respectable：体面的，有身份的
respect (n./v.)：尊敬
11. trial and error：反复实验，不断摸索
be aware of：意识到…，知道…
allow for：考虑到…
be willing to do/that-clause+(should) do：愿意做…
in vain：徒劳
drive off：驱赶
stand on ceremony：拘于形式
adjust (oneself/sth) to sth：适应于…
participate in=take part in
二、题型归纳──阅读理解的解题要决三──推理判断题
本题型主要对短文的结论、隐含意义(寓意)、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查，或对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象。我们要在理解原文的基础上纵观全文，汇集短文提供的各项信息，严格按照作者陈述的观点或描述的事实，进行正确地、合乎逻辑地推论和引申，从而选出符合原文信息或作者意图而不是我们主观认为合理的最佳答案。
1. 写作意图题。有些文章作者不点明自己的写作意图，而是让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。
例：ALBANY, New York---- Students who rely on working at night to improve their grades might want to sleep on that strategy: a new survey in the U.S. says those who never study all night have slightly higher grades than those who do.
A survey of 120 students at St. Lawrence University found that students who have never pulled an all-nighter on average have higher grades than those who have. The survey found those who do not study through the night have a grade point average of 3.2 compared to 2.95 for those who have.
Q: The purpose of the passage is to tell us____.
A.the bad effects of pulling an all-nighter
B.pulling an all-nighter leads to sleep problems
C.doubts about all-nighters
D.all-nighters hurt students’ grades
[分析]这是一段科普阅读材料。主要介绍了一项研究──晚上突击学习的人成绩非但没有提高，反而受到了影响，因此D项是作者的写作目的。A项意义范围过大；B项偏离了文章说明的中心内容；C项意义过于模糊。
2. 态度倾向题。作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。这类题目一般分为两类：一是作者对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者对某一人、物的评价。议论文或记叙文往往考查作者的态度倾向。如果是议论文，应该抓住作者的论点和论据；如果是记叙文，应该特别注意作者总结性的文字。
例：The NBA now has a serious image problem; more than any other sport, it’s pulled in two opposite directions. As it’s been for years, whites make up a majority of the fans; blacks make up a majority of the players. And as those players have benefited from ever-upward-spiraling(不断上升的) paychecks, they’ve exercised their influence to shape the sight of the game around them in their own image.
…
The NBA has the potential to be a bridge between cultures, a way to bring both sides together in cheering some of the best athletes of any color. But it’s a fragile bridge indeed, where every black or white element apparently forces out its ethnic(种族的) opposite. And it’s not hard to imagine a time when nobody will be interested in crossing over. Q: The author’s attitude towards the NBA culture could be described as____.
A. supportive
B. doubtful
C. critical
D. neutral
[分析]本文是议论文。分析全文，作者认为在NBA文化中，黑人文化与白人文化之间互相冲突，不利于NBA的发展，因此作者实际上是在对NBA文化进行批判。A项是支持，B项是怀疑，D项是中立。
3. 细节推断题。细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而复出符合文章原意的结论的一种推断方法。此类题要求我们根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、具体信息等。解答此类题要从文章提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维、哲学原理，并借助一定的常识，进行分析、推理、判断。进行细节推断，必须吃透相关文段的意思。
例：In many countries the standard of living enjoyed by their people had increased rapidly in recent years. Sadly, not everyone in these countries is so fortunate and many people in rich countries are homeless.
The reasons for homelessness are various, but poverty is undoubtedly one of the main causes. The homeless people may have become jobless and then unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads. Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always.
…
Some cynics(愤世嫉俗的人) declare that homeless people choose to live the life which they lead. But who would willingly choose to live in a shop doorway, under a bridge or in a cardboard box?
Q: It can be inferred from the text that____.
A. you will not find homeless people in countries with a high standard of living.
B. the mental ill live on the street because they want the company of other homeless people
C. he unemployed who receive help may still be among the homeless
D. the homeless are willing to live under a bridge or in a cardboad box [分析]根据第二段最后一句“Often, the fact that unemployed people get help from the government prevents this from happening, but not always”可知，政府会(偶尔)帮助失业人员，但不是经常的所以失业人员仍然可能无家可归。
4. 逻辑结论题。逻辑结论型试题的特点是考查我们的逻辑思维及判断能力，要求我们根据文章提供的细节，推断出合乎逻辑的内容。解答此类题我们首先要找出短文的主题，然后按题意要求进行推断。
例：…Chapman feels it his duty to help the rural areas that get left behind. Ask him about the satisfaction of setting up the community wireless network and he’ll mention two women who are attending online universities----or grandparents easily e-mailing their grandchildren far away.
“When the members of the community contribute their effort like this, they feel a sense of ownership,” Chapman says, “We may operate the network, but it’s owned by the citizens of the community. It’s for the public good.”
Q: From the last two paragraphs we know that____.
A.West Virginia Broadhand only does good to old citizens
B.West Virginia Broadhand is operated by the community
C.Chapman is a man of social responsibilities
D.Chapman isn’t very much satisfied with his work
[分析]从文中对Chapman的描述及他的话中，可以感受到他是一个有着强烈社会责任感的人，他感到帮助偏远地区是他的责任，他这样做是为了公众的利益。
5. 预测想象题。预测想象型试题考查的内容一般在文意中没有明确说明，因此我们要根据语篇，把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局后文可能涉及的内容以及上文的内容进行科学的、合理的预测。
例：…Completing a college application can take some time. But answering all the questions is not enough. Another important step is taking admissions tests. The SA T is the college entry test that American high school students most commonly take. Another one is the ACT.
动词及其短语辨析 高考英语词汇辨析一般在于同义词、近义词的词义和用法辨析、反义词之间的意义差别、词组（短语）的用法异同点以及一些习惯用法和固定搭配等。常见的有形容词与副词辨析、名词及其用法辨析、动词及其短语辨析、代词及其用法辨析、介词和连词等用法辨析。 动词及其短语辨析 1) 动词及其短语辨析难点 其难点一般在于考查动词易混词辨析、同义词、近义词、系动词、及物动词与不及物动词的用法等。动词短语的辨析仍是重中之重, 主要考查动词与介词或副词的固定搭配, 如:与介词的搭配、与介词副词的搭配、特殊句型、习惯用法以及语境中的用法等。 ①动词和动词短语易混词辨析 动词易混词的辨析主要涉及形状相近的动词之间的辨义,意义相近的动词之间的辨义,动词与其它形状相近、意义相似的词的辨义,意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨义,某些常用动词短语的辨义等。具体有:a.形状相同的动词之间的辨义,如:lie, lay； hanged, hung； rise, raise； sit, seat等;b.意义相近的动词之间的辨义,如:borrow, lend； speak, say, talk；hope, wish等；c.动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义,如:advise, advice； cost, worth； pass, past 等；d.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨义,如:explain, say； discover, invent, uncover等；e.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义, 如:ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear, come, take, put, break, turn等； f.某些常用动词短语的辨义, 如:give in, give out, give away, give up; turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。 ②动词的一词多义和动词短语的新义 考查动词的一词多义时,常考查考生易混淆的动词的含义,如:cover“包含；采访；(钱)够用”；count“有价值”；lay“摆放”；observe“庆祝”；promise“使可能”；put“表达”；say“写着”；see“为(某事)发生之时”；shelter“保护”；treat“招待”；work“起作用”等。 高考对于动词短语的考查,除了考查动词短语基本含义辨析外, 更注重动词短语不易被 考生注意的新义, 如:agree with“与……一致”；break down“失败；垮了”；break up“放假；断交”；come up“被提出”；come to“涉及;苏醒；总共”; fit in“相处融洽”；get up“站起来”；keep back“扣下”；look into“浏览”；make out“理解”；pick up“学会”；put aside“留出”；take up“从事于”；turn out“出现”；wear out“磨损；筋疲力尽”等。 ③在语境中的动词及动词短语辨析 有些动词或动词短语放到具体痛的语境中,应该据情景有不同的理解。 考生在复习动词辨析时,对于考纲中一些意义较多的词语一定要引起重视,特别要注意它们那些不太常见的意思,防止高考考查“熟词生义”。对于动词短语的复习,考生需根据动词短语的不同特点,掌握其运用规律,并熟悉动词和不同介词或副词搭配、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的区别。 2) 动词及其短语辨析考点 ①从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析
ability 能力 able 有能力的 about 大约 above 在……上面 abroad 出国 accept 接受 accident 意外事故 according to 根据 ache 疼痛 across 穿过 act 行动 action 行动 activity 活动 actor 男演员 actually 真的 add （增）加 address 地址 adult 成年人 advice 建议 afford 承担得起；买得起afraid 害怕；担心 after all 毕竟 afterward 之后 again 再一次 against 反对；对抗 age 年龄 agree 同意 ahead 向前 aid 帮助 aim 目标 air 空气 airline 航空公司 airport 飞机场 allow 允许 almost 几乎 alone 孤独的 along 沿着 aloud 大声地 already 已经 also 也 although 虽然 altogether 总共；一起 always 总是 among 在（三个以上）之间 angry 生气的 animal 动物 another 再一，又一 answer 回答 anxiety 焦虑 anxious 焦虑的 any 任何 apologize 道歉 apology 道歉 appear 出现 apply 申请appreciate 喜欢；欣赏；感激April 4月 area 地区 argue 争论 argument 争论 arm 胳膊 army 军队 around 在周围 arrive 到达 art 艺术 artist 艺术家 article 文章 as if = as though 仿佛，好像 as long as 只要 as soon as 一…就… ask 问 asleep 睡着的 at least 至少 at present 目前 at last 最后 attend 参加 attention 注意 attitude 态度 attract 吸引 audience 观众 author 作者 August 8月 aunt 姑；姨 autumn 秋季 average 平均的 avoid 避免 award 奖 aware 意识到 away 离开 baby 婴儿 back 回来；后背 bag 包 baggage 行李 bake 烘烤 ball 球 balloon 气球 banana 香蕉 bank 银行；河边 base 基础 basket 篮子 basketball 篮球 bath 洗澡 beach 海滩 beat 打 beautiful 美丽的 beauty 美丽 because 因为 become 成为 bed 床 bedroom 卧室 1
高考英语动词知识点基础测试题(2) 一、选择题 1．We had arranged to meet at the railway station, but to our anxiety, she didn’t _________. A．come about B．show off C．work out D．turn up 2．It is said that body language ________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent. A．lies in B．accounts for C．consists of D．goes with 3．To get a better grade, you should ________the notes again before the test. A．go over B．get over C．turn over D．take over 4．One of the secretary’s jobs is to ___________ letters and mails. A．help out B．dry out C．sort out D．stick out 5．The desks and seats can be ____________ the height of any child. A．adapted with B．adapted to C．adjusted with D．adjusted to 6．Our food and drink are ________.I will go to the supermarket to get more. A．using up B．running out C．running out of D．running away 7．There is a terrible smell in the room. Please open the window to ________it. A．get away B．get off C．get over D．get rid of 8．It suddenly _______ to me that we could use a computer to do the job. A．took place B．happened C．occurred D．was occurred 9．Audiences are ______ turn off the phones or put them on silence before the lecture. A．reminded to B．opposed to C．adapted to D．sentenced to 10．Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to _________and stress. A．put on pressure B．fed up with C．relieve tension D．try out for 11．People believe that when Fu __________upside down, happiness arrives. A．is surrounded by B．is swept C．is attached D．is attracted 12．—Shall I get you something to drink? —Thanks, but don’t _____. I have to leave now. A．make B．annoy C．disturb D．bother 13．Brought up in China, Mary found it quite difficult to______ the life in America. A．go with B．fit for C．live up to D．fit in with 14．Only one child of the thirty passengers in the plane _____ after the air crash. A．survived B．starved C．shouted D．shook 15．---Why did the police _____ the crowd? ---Because the presidents car ____ in the street.
高中英语基础知识考点 大全 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
高中英语基础知识考点 1.一周两次 twice a week 2.两倍那么多:twice as many as ,twice bigger than ,twice the size/length/width of 3.一、两天 a day or two ,one or two days 4.再两周时间 anther two weeks ,two more weeks 5.many a student has a book 6.总而言之 in a word 7.有能力做某事情 be able to do sth.,be capable of doing 8.怎么样 what about doing…/how about doing 9.当…即将要做某事情 be about to do sth…when… 10.尤其是,最重要的是 above all 11.缺席,不在 be absent from 12.全神贯注于某事情 be absorbed in doing sth. 13.主观接受:accept 客观接受(接受有形,有实物的东西) receive 14.有权利做某事情 have access to sth.
15.意外的 by accident=by chance 16.交通事故 the traffic accident 17.根据 according to 18.考虑 take sth. into account 19.因为,由于 on account of=because of 后面跟名词,不跟句子 20.指责某人某事情 accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事情 charge sb with sth 钦佩某人某事情admire sb for sth 责备某人某事情 scold sb for sth ,blame sb for sth , sb be to blame for sth 21.be used to do sth. 被用来做某事情 used to do 过去常常做某事情 be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事情 22.达到目标 achieve the goal 23.across 穿过,和on 有关,指从上面,上方穿过, through 穿过和in有关,从里面,内部 穿过 walk across the street/bridge , walk through the forests 24.担当,充当 act as , 执行 act on 25.采取行动 take action /take measures to do sth
高考英语基础单词 1500个
ability 能力 able 有能力的 about 大约 above 在……上面 abroad 出国 accept 接受 accident 意外事故according to 根据 ache 疼痛 across 穿过 act 行动 action 行动 activity 活动 actor 男演员 actually 真的 add （增）加 address 地址 adult 成年人 advice 建议 afford 承担得起；买得起afraid 害怕；担心 after all 毕竟 afterward 之后 again 再一次 against 反对；对抗 age 年龄 agree 同意 ahead 向前 aid 帮助 aim 目标 air 空气 airline 航空公司 airport 飞机场 allow 允许 almost 几乎 alone 孤独的 along 沿着 aloud 大声地 already 已经 also 也 although 虽然 altogether 总共；一起always 总是 among 在（三个以上）之间angry 生气的 animal 动物another 再一，又一answer 回答 anxiety 焦虑 anxious 焦虑的 any 任何 apologize 道歉 apology 道歉 appear 出现 apply 申请 appreciate 喜欢；欣赏；感激April 4月 area 地区 argue 争论 argument 争论 arm 胳膊 army 军队 around 在周围 arrive 到达 art 艺术 artist 艺术家 article 文章 as if = as though 仿佛，好像 as long as 只要 as soon as 一…就… ask 问 asleep 睡着的 at least 至少 at present 目前 at last 最后 attend 参加 attention 注意 attitude 态度 attract 吸引 audience 观众 author 作者 August 8月 aunt 姑；姨 autumn 秋季 average 平均的 avoid 避免 award 奖 aware 意识到 away 离开 baby 婴儿 back 回来；后背 bag 包
2018年高考英语单词必考知识点总结归纳 一、一个星期七天 1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday 6. Saturday 7. Sunday 二、一年十二个月 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母
1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain) 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌
高考英语必背短语与高中英语基础知识考点 1. 一周两次twice a week 2. 两倍那么多:twice as many as ,twice bigger than ,twice the size/length/width of 3. 一、两天a day or two ,one or two days 4. 再两周时间anther two weeks ,two more weeks 5. many a student has a book 6. 总而言之in a word 7. 有能力做某事情be able to do sth.,be capable of doing 8. 怎么样what about doing…/how about doing 9. 当…即将要做某事情be about to do sth…when… 10. 尤其是,最重要的是above all
11. 缺席,不在be absent from 12. 全神贯注于某事情be absorbed in doing sth. 13. 主观接受:accept 客观接受(接受有形,有实物的东西) receive 14. 有权利做某事情have access to sth. 15. 意外的by accident=by chance 16. 交通事故the traffic accident 17. 根据according to 18. 考虑take sth. into account 19. 因为,由于on account of=because of 后面跟名词,不跟句子 20. 指责某人某事情accuse sb of sth 指控某人某事情charge sb with sth
高考英语写作……描述性写作 一. 教学内容： 描述性写作 二. 重点、难点： I. 特点及常用结构 1. 描述性文章是把人物、事件、景观、地点、环境等用生动的语言，形象地描绘出来。 2. 描述性文章的结构 （1）人物： 开头应有简明的介绍 文章的主体部分可按时间或事件的主次进行描述 结尾进行评论或谈感受 （2）地点： 要学会准确地表示方位的词或短语 描述地点的位置通常由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。 总之，无论是描述人物，还是地点、环境，都要详略得当，重点突出。 3. 学习并牢记下面的短语和句型 表空间顺序 in front of, in the front of, at the back of, on the right （left）side close to , next to, opposite, across, inside, outside in （to）the south / east / west / north on one side …, on the other side（of） 常用短语和句型： 方位 1. There is a tall shelf on the left of my room. （on the right of, in the front of, near the window, ） 2. Above the bed, there is a large painting of the blue sea. （On the right of the room,） 3. Next to it is a bed. （In front of it, At the back of, In the middle of, To the right of ） 4. They are opposite the door. （on the left / right of the room.） 5. The office building is in the east of the campus. （in the south of, to the west of, in front of, behind, at the back of, ） 6. The monument, which was built in 1894, stands in the center of the square. 描述国家，城市等 7. China is located in Asia. （be situated…be surrounded by, lie to the east of ） 8. It covers a huge area of 9,600 000 square kilometers. 9. The population of this city is 100,000. 路线 10. When you come out of …（get to …reach…） 11. Cross the street（river）（keep walking along…walk down…） 12. Turn right at the end of Bridge Street into Riverside Road. （the second traffic lights, the first crossing, ）
一、重要单 词 1. n 地址10. n 电话 2. n 计算机11. n 老板 3. n 客户，顾客12. n 公司 4. v 把??叫作13. n 秘书 5. v 介绍14. v 打招呼问好 6. v 拼写15. v 遇到 7. adj 英俊的16. adj 很好的，伟大的 8. adj 高兴的17. adj 职业的 9. adj 感兴趣的18. n 号码 二、短语 1. greet people English 用英语打招呼 2. look 寻找 3. would like sth feel like sth 想要做某事 4. introduce 自我介绍 introduce A B 把A 介绍给B 5. 电话号码 6 . 15 and a half old 15 岁半 7. what/how ??怎么样，如何 8. let sb sth 让某人做某事 9. be glad/pleased meet sb 认识某人很高兴 10. come/be 来自?? 11. take a 捎个口信 12. enjoy music 喜欢听流行音乐 13. school 职业学校 14. be good 擅长 15. and 高大英俊 三、翻译句子 1. （请让我自我介绍一下） 2. （这是我的朋友王涛） 3. （很高兴见到你） 4. （你的名字怎么拼写） 5. （你来自哪里）
词 一、重要单 10. n 商业9. v 学习，上课 11. n 兼职工作10. adj 令人厌烦的 12. n 全职工作11. adj 感到厌倦的 13. n 流行音乐12. adj 不同的 14. n （英）足球13. adj 困难的 15. n 学科14. adj 最喜爱的 16. n 闲说，聊天15. adj 有趣的 17. v 上网16. adj 空闲的 二、短语 6. one’s spare time 在业余时间14. teach 自学 7. classes 上课，听课15. chat sb 与某人聊天 8. class 下课后16. travel sb 和某人一起旅游 9. school 在学校17. lunch 吃午饭 10. life 日常生活18. home 回家 11. be interested对??感兴趣19. be late school 上学迟到 12. go 购物20. home 在家 13. soccer 踢足球21. weekends 在周末 14. computer games 玩电脑游戏22. notes 做笔记 15. housework 做家务23. questions讨论问题 16. do some 做作业24. do a job 做兼职工作 17. movie 电影明星25. get 起床 18. do things 做不同的事 三、翻译句子 16. （你平时在学校做什么） 17. （你最喜欢的学科是什么） 18. （我喜欢学校的生活） 19. （你每星期有几节英语课） 20. （你帮助你的妈妈做家务吗）
a b i l i t y能力a b l e有能力的 about 大约 above 在……上面 abroad 出国 accept 接受 accident 意外事故 according to 根据 ache 疼痛 across 穿过 act 行动 action 行动 activity 活动 actor 男演员 actually 真的 add （增）加 address 地址 adult 成年人 advice 建议 afford 承担得起；买得起afraid 害怕；担心 after all 毕竟 afterward 之后 again 再一次 against 反对；对抗 age 年龄 agree 同意 ahead 向前 aid 帮助 aim 目标 air 空气 airline 航空公司 airport 飞机场 allow 允许 almost 几乎 alone 孤独的 along 沿着 aloud 大声地 already 已经 also 也although 虽然 altogether 总共；一起 always 总是 among 在（三个以上）之间 angry 生气的 animal 动物 another 再一，又一 answer 回答 anxiety 焦虑 anxious 焦虑的 any 任何 apologize 道歉 apology 道歉 appear 出现 apply 申请 appreciate 喜欢；欣赏；感激April 4月 area 地区 argue 争论 argument 争论 arm 胳膊 army 军队 around 在周围 arrive 到达 art 艺术 artist 艺术家 article 文章 as if = as though 仿佛，好像 as long as 只要 as soon as 一…就… ask 问 asleep 睡着的 at least 至少 at present 目前 at last 最后 attend 参加 attention 注意 attitude 态度 attract 吸引 audience 观众
一、重要单词 1. n 地址 2. n 计算机 3. n 客户，顾客 4. v 把……叫作 5. v 介绍 6. v 拼写 7. adj 英俊的 8. adj 高兴的 9. adj 感兴趣的10. n 电话 11. n 老板 12. n 公司 13. n 秘书 14. v 打招呼问好 15. v 遇到 16. adj 很好的，伟大的 17. adj 职业的 18. n 号码 二、短语 1. greet people English 用英语打招呼 2. look 寻找 3. would like sth feel like sth 想要做某事 4. introduce 自我介绍 introduce A B 把A 介绍给B 5. 电话号码 6 . 15 and a half old 15岁半 7. what/how ……怎么样，如何 8. let sb sth 让某人做某事 9. be glad/pleased meet sb 认识某人很高兴 10. come/be 来自…… 11. take a 捎个口信 12. enjoy music 喜欢听流行音乐 13. school 职业学校 14. be good 擅长 15. and 高大英俊 三、翻译句子 1. （请让我自我介绍一下） 2. （这是我的朋友王涛） 3. （很高兴见到你） 4. （你的名字怎么拼写） 5. （你来自哪里）
一、重要单词 1. n 商业 2. n 兼职工作 3. n 全职工作 4. n 流行音乐 5. n （英）足球 6. n 学科 7. n 闲说，聊天 8. v 上网9. v 学习，上课 10. adj 令人厌烦的 11. adj 感到厌倦的 12. adj 不同的 13. adj 困难的 14. adj 最喜爱的 15. adj 有趣的 16. adj 空闲的 二、短语 1. one’s spare time 在业余时间 2. classes 上课，听课 3. class 下课后 4. school 在学校 5. life 日常生活 6. be interested 对……感兴趣 7. go 购物 8. soccer 踢足球 9. computer games 玩电脑游戏 10. housework 做家务 11. do some 做作业 12. movie 电影明星 13. do things 做不同的事14. teach 自学 15. chat sb 与某人聊天 16. travel sb 和某人一起旅游 17. lunch 吃午饭 18. home 回家 19. be late school 上学迟到 20. home 在家 21. weekends 在周末 22. notes 做笔记 23. questions 讨论问题 24. do a job 做兼职工作 25. get 起床 三、翻译句子 1. （你平时在学校做什么） 2. （你最喜欢的学科是什么） 3. （我喜欢学校的生活） 4. （你每星期有几节英语课） 5. （你帮助你的妈妈做家务吗）
高考英语复习知识点概要 1.a great/good many: a large number of许多。修饰可数名词复数。 I’m quite busy. I have a great many things to do. 我很忙，我有很多事要做。 若复数名词前有限定词或其修饰的为代词时，应加of . ①A great many of the books have been sold out. 已经卖了很多书了。 ②A great many of them are out of work.他们很多人失业了。 2.able(可以的，有能力的，可能的)①He is an able man.那人本事不小。 enable(v)使……能 ②We must learn more to enable us to face all the difficulties.我们要多学知识以便能面对各种困难。disable:有残疾的，不能干的；the disabled表示一类人（残疾人） able作词辍时 ①可以……的，值得……的（有被动含义）eatable可食用的，measurable可以测量、估计的；readable可读的 ②其他含义：conformable舒适的、安逸的；suitable 合适的，恰当的 3.above, over, on 三个词都可以表示“在……上“，但用法不同。On表示与某物体表面接触；over表示在某物体垂直的上方，含“布满、覆盖、跨越”之意，与under 相对；above表示位置高于，但不一定垂直，与below相对。注意：与数字、数量、长度词连用时，多用over,同more than。如：over10,000people一万多人；表示年龄、刻度多用above，如a man above fifty五十开外的人；above zero零度以上。 习惯用语：well above average远在一般以上；above sea-level海拔以上；the one above上面的一个；above all首先，尤其重要的是；over there 那边；all over 遍及；over again 再一遍；over and over 再三地 [应用]介词填空 ①There lay an umbrella_______the table and some raincoats _____it. ②The mother held an umbrella______the boy’s head so that the sun wouldn’t burn him. ③There seemed to be a war and many planes were flying____the city. ④The moon was______the trees in the east. Key:①on,under ②over ③over ④above above all 首先，特别是，最重要的是 after all 到底，毕竟 at all (用来加强语气)与not连用，表示“一点也不，完全不”。 in all 总共 all but 几乎，差点没（=almost,nearly） ①We have all but finished the work. ②The day turned out fine after all. ③Children need many things ,but above all they need love. ④He wasn’t at all tired. ⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的，确实)？ ⑥There were twenty in all at the party. accident/event/ incident event一般指重大事件。accident多指意外或偶然发生的事故，特别是不幸的、有损害性的事故。incident相对于accident来说，显得不很重要，指“小事件”，它还可以用来表示“事变”，如叛乱、爆炸等。如： The broadcaster is broadcasting the news on current events.广播员正在播报时事新闻。 He was badly injured in the traffic accident.在那起交通事故中，他严重受伤。 There was an incident on the bus: a man fought with the conductor.那辆公共汽车上发生了一件事，有个人和售票员打了起来。 Have you heard of Xi’an Incident?你听说过“西安事变”吗？ admit vt.①接纳，许可……进入（allow sb./sth.to enter） He was admitted to the school this year.Only two hundred boys and girls are admitted to our school every year. ②承认，后可接名词，doing、从句或复合结构。 I admit my fault. She admitted having read the letter. He admitted that his comprehension was weak. You must admit the task to be difficult. advice建议；劝告。是不可数名词，“一条建议”应用a piece of advice。常用结构。 give sb.advice(on)/give advice给某人提（关于……的）建议；忠告某人。 ask(sb.)for advice征求（某人的）意见。 ①Marx gave us some good advice on how to learn a
高考英语写作基础知识：强调句型 导读：强调句型要掌握三点： 1.基本句型：It is/was+被强调的部分+that(强调人可以用who)+其余部分; 2.对于谓语动词的强调只需在谓语动词前加助动词 (do,does,did)即可; 3.强调句型升级版：It is/was+被强调的部分+定语从句+ that(强调人可以用who)+其余部分。(这里需要保证被强调的.对象为名词或者名词性成分) 试看下列例句： (1) It was our timely efforts that helped him out of hardships. Eventually he was saved. 【帮助他人】 (2) It was for the first time that I had felt so close to my parents. 【和家长的关系】 (3) When I suddenly fell ill, it was you who carried me on your back to a nearby hospital. 【毕业留言】 (4) It was in the small house which was built with stones by his father that he spent his childhood. 【童年生活】【单句训练】 (1) 事实上，正是她的勤奋推动我一起努力。【发掘他人优点】 As a matter of fact/In reality, it was her
diligence/perspiration that motivated me to work together. (2) 正是她让我知道我们是否能实现愿望不在于我们有多聪明，而在于我们有多渴望和我们能坚持多久。【发掘他人优点】It was her who let me know that whether we could achieve our goal didn’t lie in how clever we were but how much we desired and how long we could insist on. (3) 正是这次探访让我意识到帮助别人不应该是空谈。【一次社会实践】 It was the visit that made me realize that helping others should by no means be an empty talk. (4) 正是Sarah理智的行为阻止她受到伤害，否则(这伤害)会变成宿舍矛盾。【与人相处】 It was Sarah’s rational conduct that prevented her from being harmed, which might otherwise turn into a dorm conflict. (5) 正是这些挣扎和艰辛提高了我们的意志力。【生活的感受】 It is these struggles and hardships that promote our willpower. (6) 正是她脑海中一个目标使她能够有所突破。【目标】 It was a goal in her mind that enabled her to make the breakthrough. (7) 俗话说，细节决定成败。
高考英语必背之语基础知识 一、一个星期七天 Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 二、一年十二个月 January February March April May Jun e July August September October November Dec ember 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语） 六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴 17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made)