Appendix I
Key to Exercises (Units 1-8)
Unit 1
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear is all about taking a break from city life, escaping from the
crowds,
rinding a quiet place, far from trie human race.
For those of us who live in cities, getting out in the country can provide a welcome break,
letting us recharge our batteries. Out in the country, as the song says, we can find a place to
stand alone and take tack somethin' worth remembering.
The countryside also promises escape from the pollution of the city, somewhere to get some
decent air to breathe. The countryside also offers somewhere where the sun is not hidden by
smog, making it seem no more than
a bright spot in the nighttime.
So, just remember, as the song advises, whenever you
need a bit or room to move When
life b ecomes too fast
66 -
Appendix
I
^
you can always find relief at last
Out in the country.
Here is the song:
Out in the Country
Paul Williams/Roger Nichols
Whenever I need to leave
human race Out
it all heh ind Or feel the
need to get away I find a quiet place, far from the
in the country
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where
the rivers like to run
I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'
Whenever I feel them closing in on me
Or need a hit of room to move
When life hecomes too fast, I find relief at last
Out in the country
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where the rivers like to run
I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where the rivers
like to run
I stand alone and take hack somethin' worth rememherin'
Before the hreathin' air is gone
Before the sun is just a hright spot in the nighttime
Out where the rivers
lite to run
\
Appendix
I stand alone and take tack somethin' worth rememberin'
Berore the breathin' air is gone
Before tbe sun is just a brigbt spot in tbe nighttime.
■■
I
- 69 -
I stand alone...
.
Part II Text A
Text Organization
1.
Parts
Part One
Part Two
Part Three
Part Four
12-15
■
Paragraphs
Paras 1-3
Paras 4-7
Paras 8-11
Paras
.. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ................. ------------- .......... --------------------------------------------------------- , ?................ ----------------
Main Ideas
The writer views his life in the country as a self-reliant
and satisfying one.
Life in the country is good yet sometimes very hard.
After quitting his job, the writer's income was reduced,
but he and his family were able to manage to get by.
A tolerance for solitude and a lot of energy have made it
possible for the family to enjoy their life in the country.
2. Happy Moments and Events
1) growing nearly all their fruits and vege
tables
2) canoeing, picnicking, long bicycle rides, etc.
3) keeping warm inside the house in winter
4) writing freelance articles
5) earning enough money while maintaining a happy family life
Hardships
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
working hard both in winter and in summer
harsh environment and weather condition
anxious moments after the writer quit his job
cutting back on daily expenses
solitude
-90-
Appendix
I
Vocabulary
1. 1)
3)
5)
7)
9)
11)
13)
15)
2. 1)
3)
5)
7)
3. 1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
4. 1)
2) On balanceinsurance
4) cut backaside from
6) haulresist
supplemented 8) sprayed
10) illustratedwicked
12) digestbudget
14) get byboundary
at that point
cut back / down 2) pickup
4) get throughget by
6) turn inface up to
8) think upturning out
While farming, Benneker pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy.
Misused words often generate misleading thoughts.
Lafayette Hotel is patronized by international celebrities drawn to its French food and
service.
A person who thinks that money will do everything may well be suspected of doing every-
thing for money.
A person surely has to face a good many bitter disappointments before he gets through life.
Seeing that more and more people are concerned about the quality of their indoor environ-
ments, John is considering starting an interior decoration business. It seems certain to earn
a profit, but he does not yet have enough money to invest in it.
This device is primarily used for the improvement of the sound quality of electronic media.
It was invented in the US, but now it is used on a global scale.
When the first settlers came to America, their household utensils consisted of a few pots,
pans and some bowls stacked in one corner of the house. There wasn't much material
temptation around them. They never dined out in a restaurant as we often do nowadays.
2)
3)
II. Confusable Words
1. 1) house
3) home, family
2) Home
4) household
1) doubt
3) doubted
5) suspect
III. Word Formation
1) rise
3) regular
5) hows, whys
7) yellowed
9) lower
Slructurc
2) suspected
4) suspected
2) final
4) cash
6) upped
8) bottled
10) search
1.1) when it comes to changing your life
2) when it comes to such matters as keeping the room tidy
3) when it comes to emotional intelligence
4) when it comes to managing minor matters
2. 1) Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong
2) but, unfortunately, money isn't everything
3) not all Americans like them
4) Not all people share the same interests
Comprehensive txercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. gets by
3. get through
5. improvements
7. suspect
9. profit
11. spraying
(B)
1. While
3. begin
2. escape
4. Because/As
2. temptation
4. picked up
6. aside from
8. supplement
10. primarily
12. stacking
- 92 -
Appendix I
6. start
8. but (also)
10. close
12. cutting
14. cities
16. family
5. quit
7. on
9. be
11. have
13. cook/prepare
15. however
II. Translation
A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive
position and opened / set up a household equipment store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy
made the decision primarily because of/owing to/due to their desire to improve the quality of their
lives.
But, to run a small business is by no means an easy job. Without her steady income, Nancy
had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the
premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. Once she could not even pick up the
phone bill and had to ask her parents to loan her some money.
Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time.
She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
l.a
3.d
5. a
translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. In addition
2. roast
2. c
4. b
6. c
Appendix I
3. percentage
5. cable
7. get along
9. whip up
1 commute
1 taken over
3 mushroomed1
5 fried1
7 array1
4. entertainment
6. at one time
8. missed out on
10. as a result
12. rent
14. make sense
16. go with
18. dizzy
20. gasped
- 93 -
3k
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life
Great changes have taken place in Chinese family life in the past twenty years. In my parents'
words, the difference between their childhood and mine is as vast as that between heaven and earth.
When my parents were young, there was no TV, no computers nor any other electronic appli-
ances in their home. Their food was simple and their clothing plain. What is unbelievable to young
people today is that they seldom dined out in a restaurant, or traveled to a scenic spot for a holiday.
In contrast to family life one generation ago, each family in China today has at least one TV set
and many have been equipped with telephones, computers, even cars. While the senior members of
a family watch films on TV at home, the younger members like to play computer games or talk to
their friends who may live thousands of miles from them.
The changes in Chinese family life mirror the economic development of our country. Without
the prosperity of the whole country, our family life would probably be just the same as before. Times
have changed, and changed, most would surely agree with me, for the better.
(194 words)
- 9^ -
Appendix I
Unit 2
Part I
Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are going to listen to is called Abraham, Martin & John, sung by Dion.
Abraham, Martin & John
Dion
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend Abraham,
Can you
tell me, where he's gone,
He freed a lotta people,
But it seems the good die young,
I
just loohed around,
And he's gone,
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend John,
Can you tell me, where he's gone,
He freed a lotta people,
But it seems the good die young,
I just loohed around,
And he' s gone,
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend Martin,
Appendix I
Can you tell me, where he's gone,
He freed a lotta people,
But it seems the good die young,
I just looked around,
- 95 -
And he's gone,
Didn't you love the things they stood for,
Didn't they try to find some good for you and me,
And we'll he free,
Someday soon it's gonna be one day,
Has anybody here,
Seen my old friend Bothy,
Can you
tell me, where he's gone,
the hill, With
I thought I saw him walhin' up over
Ahrah am, Martin and John.
The unit we are going to study is all about civil-rights heroes. The song you have just heard is
about four of them. Can you guess who they are? All are American. All are dead, all, as the song says,
"gone". How about Abraham? Dion says he freed a lot of people. That's one clue. Another comes
when she quotes the proverb: "the good die young." So it seems Abraham died young. My guess is
Dion has in mind Abraham Lincoln, the American president who freed the slaves and was assassi-
nated. How about John, another leader who helped people to free themselves? He too died young.
Can you guess who it might be? President John F. Kennedy seems most likely. He too supported civil
rights. He too died young, assassinated like Lincoln.
Now who could Martin be? Another civil-rights leader who died young, once again assassi-
nated. A great speaker comes to mind. Who do you think? Martin Luther King, surely. And finally,
Bobby. Bobby who? Probably Dion is thinking of Bobby Kennedy, John Kennedy's brother, another
supporter of civil rights. He was running for president when, like his brother before him, he too was
gunned down.
- 96 -
Appendix I
Part II Text A
Text Organization
1.
Parts
Part One
Paragraphs
Paras 1-5
Main Ideas
It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate
slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early
civil-rights struggles in America.
By citing examples the author praises the exploits of
civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Un-
derground Railroad to freedom.
Part Two
Paras 6-23
2. Story 1 (Paras 6-10):
After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other
slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.
Story 2 (Paras 11-15): Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin
helped black slaves to escape at huge risk to himself.
Story 3 (Paras 16-23): By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his desti-
nation and became free at last.
Vocabulary
I.
1. 1) decades
3) imposed
5) slender
7) settlement
9) mission
11) terminal
13) exploits
15) on the side
2. 1) pass for
3) la
id down
2) historic
4) racial
6) closing in on
8) site
10) authorized
12) make the best of
14) religious
2) stood up for
4) take on
Appendix I
- 97 -
5) let (us) down6) draw on
7) come up8) given up
3. 1) The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their mea-
sures to protect the struggling American steel industry.
2) Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The
Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.
3) There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with
drugs.
4) A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.
5) It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social
problems in the long run.
4. 1) As for the protection of these endangered species, many countries do not compel fisher-
men to report accidental capture of small cetaceans (H § %}$}) in their nets, so signifi-
cant catches may go unnoticed for years. To deal with this problem, animal protectionists
have forged an international alliance. On the other hand they have urged the United Nations
to lay down more specific laws to save these animals.
2) It was reported that food supplies would soon run out and most of the victims of the
earthquake would starve to death. At huge risk, a group of volunteers from the Red Cross
took on the mission to transport food, clothes and medicine to the most seriously hit areas.
3) A rally was going to be held in honor of the 16th US President Abraham Lincoln who
abolished slavery in 1863 and liberated the slaves in the South. In the eyes of many
African-Americans, Lincoln was America's greatest president thanks to his outstanding
exploits.
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. I'll tell you about my research project in a minute, but first let's hear about your French trip.
2. Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 differ-
ent basic designs.
3. Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial
crisis.
4. This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble; it's always breaking down.
5. In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.
6. Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.
7. I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have delayed your homework.
8. The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance.
- 9$ -
Appendix I
III. Usage
1. lonely
3. weekly, monthly
5. cowardly
7. lively
Structure
2. friendly
4. lovely
6. kindly / saintly
8. motherly
1. 1) A letter posted today will probably reach him the day after tomorrow.
2) Thus enco
uraged, we made a still bolder plan for the next year.
3) Our government has banned imports of cosmetics containing animal products from 18 coun-
tries, mostly in Europe, for fear that they could cause mad cow disease.
4) Having graduated from St. Mary's College, Joyce applied to the University of California at Los
Angeles.
2. 1) Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.
2) Some scientists believe that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since
they can increase yields and farmers' incomes, reduce prices and help combat hunger and
disease in the developing countries.
3) With repeated hackers' attacks on our system, we have come to realize the necessity of hiring
a computer-security expert.
4) Having conducted some surveys in Chinese kindergartens, Howard Gardner came to under-
stand that the Chinese preferred "teaching by holding the hand".
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. Underground
3. stand up
5. compelled
7. liberating
9. abolish
11. risk
(B)
1. who
2. the
2. forged
4. transport
6. convictions
8. mission
10. intent on
Appendix I
3. along
5. that
7. not
9. referred
11. where
13. in
15. until
17. as
4. in
6. through
8. as
10. escape
12. If
14. even
16. instead
- 99 -
II. Translation
Henson's painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom.
Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive
slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel
the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves
and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In
addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a
chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the
conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was
bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
1. a
3. c
5. b
Translation
(#J& Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. remarkable
3. flourish
2. commitment
4. resulted from
2. d
4. d
6. b
- 100 -
5. grave
7. enforce
Appendix I
6. In the midst of
8. recovery
10. remedy
12. with each passing day
14. subjected to
16. plays up
18. do well
20. In this context
9. guarantee
11. discriminate
13. unlike
15. at best
17. come a long way
19. against all the odds
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
The Civil-Rights Movement in the U.S.
Black Africans were first brought as slaves to what was to become the United States in the
seventeenth century. Slavery was strongest in the South,
where large plantations grew cotton, to-
bacco, and other crops. Towards the end of the eighteenth century, a growing demand for cotton led
to an increase in the demand for slaves in the region. Slavery was less profitable in the North,
however, and much of the opposition to slavery came from the northern states. The tension between
the North and the South over the issue of slavery led to the Civil War in 1861.
With the victory of the North, slavery was abolished. Discrimination, however, did not end.
Black Americans were treated as second class citizens, especially in the South. Dissatisfaction with
unfair treatment eventually led to the civil rights protests of the 1950s and 1960s that brought about
government action aimed at reducing discrimination.
As a result, African Americans have come a long way in the last fifty years, but they still find
themselves at a disadvantage in comparison with Americans of European descent. Only 17 per cent
of the black population are able to finish higher education, in contrast to 28 per cent of whites.
Incomes for the average white family were just over $44,000 in 1999. For an average black family,
however, the figure was in the region of $25,000. Not one of the chief executive officers of the top
500 companies is black.
Anyway, the civil-rights movement in the U.S. still has a long way to go.
(254 words)
Appendix
I
- 101 -
Unit 3
Part I
Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear is all about a "Saturday Night Special". Listen and see if you can
guess what a Saturday Night Special is.
Saturday Night Special
Lynyrd Skynyrd
Two feets1 they come a-creepin' 2 Like a black
cat do. Ana two bodies are layin' naked, Creeper
thinks lie's got nothin' to lose.
So he creeps into the house, yean, And unlocks the
door, And as a man's reachin' for his trousers
Snoots him full or 38 holes.
It's the Saturday Night Special, Got a
barrel that's blue and cold. Ain't no good
for nothing4 But put a man six feet in a
hole.
Big Jim's keen a-drinkin' whiskey, And playin'
poker on a losin' night,
1 Two feets: Normally we say two feet.
2 a-creepin: in the state of creeping, "a-", here, is a prefix meaning "in the state or process of.
3 38 refers to a 38 calibre (P S) handgun or pistol.
4 Ain't no good for nothing: a non-standard way of saying "They are good for nothing"
- 102 -
Appendix I
And pretty soon ol' Jim starts thinkin'
Somebody's been cheatin' and lyin' .
So big Jim commenced to fightin'1,
I wouldn't tell you no lies.
big Jim done pulled his pistol,
Snot his friend right between the eyes.
It's the Saturday Night Special, Got a
barrel that's blue and cold. Ain't no
good for nothin' But put a man six
feet in a hole.
On, that's a Saturday Night Special,
For twenty dollars you can buy yourself one, too.
Hand guns are made for t
ill in , They ain't no
good for nothin' else. And if you like to drink
your whiskey You might even shoot yourself.
So why don't we dump'em people To the
bottom of the sea Before some ol' fool come
around here, Wanna shoot either you or me.
It's the Saturday night special
You got a barrel that's blue and cold
You ain't good for nothin'
But put a man six feet in a bole.
It's the Saturday night special
And I'd like to tell you what you could do with it
And that's the end of the song.
The unit we are going to study, like the song you have just heard, is all about the threat of crime.
It starts with a burglar creeping into a house at night. The couple in the house have gone to bed as the
song says. Despite creeping the burglar must have awoken the man, for he is getting up, "reachin'
for his trousers", when the burglar shoots him several times, "full of holes".
1 So big Jim commenced to fightin': Normally we say "Big Jim commenced to fight or commenced fighting".
Appendix I
- 103-
Which brings us to the "Saturday Night Special", with its "barrel blue and cold", a handgun.
Despite calling it by such a familiar name, it's clear the singer has no time for the handgun. He sings
of it as being good for nothing but sending people to their grave, putting a man down "six feet in a
hole".
From the dangers of burglars with guns, the singer moves on to how dangerous guns can be
when drinking leads to violence. We hear the story of Big Jim, the gambler. As he gets drunk, Big Jim
starts to suspect he is losing at cards because others are cheating. He gets into an argument and
reaches for his Saturday Night Special. He shoots his friend "right between the eyes".
Pistols in America are cheap at just twenty dollars, but the singer warns against having one.
Those foolish enough to do so are not only a danger to others, but also a danger to themselves, for,
as he sings, "if you like to drink your whiskey, you may even shoot yourself."
Part II Text A
Text Organization
1. 1) Doors are not left unlocked either in cities or in rural areas.
2) Dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires are widely in use.
3) Suburban families have steel bars built in sliding glass doors.
4) Small notices warning against burglary are commonly seen pasted on the windows of the
most pleasant of homes.
5) Access cards are required of those who work with medium to large-size companies.
6) Airport security uses electronic X-ray equipment to guard against terrorism.
7) Businessmen employ new machines linked up to their telephone to help determine whether
the caller is telling lies or not.
8) Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their key chains.
2.
Parts
Part One
Part Two
Paragraphs
Paras 1-3
Paras 4-15
Main Ideas
In America, the era of leaving the front door on the
latch has drawn to a close.
A new atmosphere of fear and distrust has crept into
every aspect of daily life. As a result, security de-
- 104 -
Appendix I
vices, in varied forms, are put to use.
Part Three
Paras 16-19
By locking our fears out, we become prisoners of our
own making.
1.1) tranquil
3) by a small margin
5) rural
7) era
9) without so much as
11) barricaded
13) error
15) Bathed in
2.1) bring about
3) cut off
5) wear (the other) down
7) put up
I.
Vocabulary
2) analyze
4)civilize
6)closed up
8)paste
10)sideways
12)hook up to
14)chart
2) looked back on
4) fit into
6) lies in
8) stand for
3. 1) A certain gene which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by
researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.
2) A wardrobe with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look
larger.
3) The NBC show's opening shots feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January
1986—killing all seven crew.
4) Colds can be held at bay by increasing your intake of fruit and vegetables which are both
low in calories and rich in Vitamin C.
5) Energy difficulties are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact
that imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange / because imported oil has
absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.
4. 1) Jacob looked back on his summer holidays spent on the Big Island of Hawaii with its
beautiful landscape and tranquil atmosphere as a rare escape from the madness of urban
life.
2) I was puzzled by the word "e-mail" when I came across it for the first time years ago.
"What is an e-mail? What on earth does the letter 'e' here stand for?" I asked myself. Later, I got
to know that e-mail is a system for communicating messages by electronic rather than
physical means.
Appendix I
- 105 -
3) Mr. Smith has, over the years, established his name as a successful used-car dealer in the
minds of local people. He places regular though small advertisements in newspapers fea-
turing affordable second-hand cars, vans and trucks. At the back of his premises he owns
a used-car lot (停车场) which faces a deserted street.
II. Collocation
1. away
3. forward/through
5. off
7. back, down
2.
4.
6.
8.
inside/in
back
home
in, out
III. Usage
1. Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.
2. Most men do not look unattractive in them.
3. Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.
4. This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.
5. His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.
Structure
1.1) It never occurred to me to ask him what was intended by that remark. I thought he w
as just
joking.
2) It occurred to me that the names of their children—Rose, Lily and Daisy—were the
names of flowers.
3) When he heard her say so, it occurred to him that for convenience he also could contact the
local travel agency and ask them to take care of everything.
4) Has it never occurred to you that the problems in the Middle East are complicated and
difficult to solve?
2.1) If they don't agree to work extra hours for no extra pay, chances are that they will be
dismissed.
2) Research is being carried out on the disease and progress is being made at present. Chances
are that there will be a cure within the next ten years.
3) If you are eating lots of fatty food, chances are that you'll put on several pounds in a matter
of weeks.
4) He left his office an hour ago but hasn't got home yet. Chances are that he's got stuck in a
traffic jam.
- 106 -
Appendix I
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. Statistics
3. era
5. on the latch
7. barriers
9. electronic
11. puzzle
(B)
1. worse / scarier
3. Yes / True
5. from
7. every
9. say
11. chances
13. when
15. Don't
II. Translation
A burglary is reported every 15 seconds in the United States. Statistics show burglars entered
more than 2 million homes last year. Actually it is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out.
All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those
wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should
be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Believe it or not, some people, particularly children
who happen to be the last to come in, leave their doors on the latch at night. Doors of hollow core,
even when locked, are vulnerable to break-ins. Thus doors of solid core or steel are much preferred as
they make it difficult for the burglar to pry open. If you decide to buy an alarm device, be sure to ask
for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. Finally, a word of warning—when you
travel, make sure that you have a trusted neighbor collect and keep all the deliveries of newspapers
and mail until you return. This is because a collection of newspapers and mail on the front doorstep or
in your mailbox is an advertisement that no one is home.
2. tougher / harder
4. barricading
6. not
8. However
10. back / at bay
12. Therefore
14. leave
16. head/brains
2. rural
4. stood for
6. vulnerable
8. at bay
10. reflection
12. civilized
Appendix I
- 107 -
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
1. b
3. b 5. a
2. b
4. d
6. d
translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. impact
3. draw the line at
5. circumstance
7. take the plunge
9. aggressive
11. advocated
13. departed
15. target
17. head for
19. on the line
2. inflicted
4. recommend
6. break into
8. conclude / have concluded
10. confirm
12. insure
14. in our
favor
16. count on
18. Under no circumstances
20. aimed at
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Why We Are against Gun Control
Should Americans oppose gun control? Of course we should. The gun is the great equalizer. It
does not matter whether you are a big tough man or a small frail woman. With a gun in your hand you
stand at the same height.
What's more, it is the foundation of our nation. Without it there would be no Republic as it is,
- 108 -
Appendix I
for we would never have been able to drive the Indians off the land without shooting so many of
them down. Nor would the West have been won. Who would have dared venture into lands unpro-
tected by the law if they had not been able to protect themselves with a gun? The spirit of our nation
thrives on aggressive individuals who are ready to stand up for themselves and to fight for their
rights. Look at our films. What do we enjoy watching? People shooting one another. True, children
occasionally get hold of guns and slaughter their classmates. But if only their classmates had been
properly armed, they could have fought back. It was gun control that left them defenceless.
(184 words)
Unit 4
Part I
Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
Every child likes listening to stories. Zoe, a girl with wings, is no exception. Listen carefully and
see what story her father is going to tell her.
"Now, Zoe, stop fluttering around, and I will tell you a story."
"A true story, papa?"
"It all happened exactly as I'm going to tell you. Two thousand and eleven years ago in 1985, a
tribe of beings from the Dog Star invaded Earth. They were called An-vils."
"And what did these beings look like, father?"
"Like humans in many, many respects. They each had two arms, two legs, and all the other
organs that humans are endowed with. But they also had a pair of wings and long, purple tails."
"How many of these beings were there?"
"Exactly three million and forty-one male adults and three female adults. In five weeks' time
these creatures were the masters of the entire globe."
"Didn't the Earthlings fight back?"
"The humans warred against the invaders, using bullets, ordinary bombs, super-atom bombs
and gases."
Appendix I
- 109 -
"What were those things like, father?"
"Oh, they passed out of existence long ago. The humans fought each other with such things."
"And not with ideas, like we do now?"
"No, with guns, just as I told you. But the weapons couldn't harm the invaders. Then the
humans tried bacteria against the Star beings."
"What were those things?"
"Tiny bugs that the humans tried to inject into the bodies of the invaders to make them sicken
and die. But the bugs had no effect at all on the An-vils. You must know, th
ese newcomers were
more intelligent than the Earthlings. In fact, they were the greatest mathematicians in the Milky Way."
"Then, father, the invaders killed off all the Earthlings?"
"Not all. They killed many, but many others were enslaved."
"Then everything was peaceful on Earth?"
"For a little while. Then, some of the most daring of the humans, led by a man named Knowall,
escaped into the interior of Greenland. This Knowall was a psychiatrist and he figured out a way to
rid the earth of the An-vils."
"How, papa?"
"He filled these An-vils with human emotions, such as love, hate, ambition, jealousy, envy,
despair, hope, fear, shame and so on. Very soon terrible civil wars wiped out two-thirds of the An-vil
population."
"Then the An-vils finally killed off each other?"
"Almost, until among them a being named Zalibar preached the brotherhood of all An-vils. The
invaders quickly quit their quarrels, and the Earthlings were even more enslaved."
"Oh, papa, weren't Knowall and his followers awfully sad about it?"
"For a while. Then Knowall came up with the final way. He filled the An-vils with homesick-
ness."
"Oh, wasn't Knowall smart? That meant, the An-vils were all filled with the desire to fly back
to the Star from where they had started."
"Exactly. So, one day, at a given signal, all the An-vils rose up from Earth."
"So then all the An-vils flew away from Earth?"
"Not all. There were two child An-vils, one male and one female, aged two years, who had been
born on Earth. They flew up too, but when they reached the upper limits of the atmosphere, they
hesitated, turned tail and fluttered back to Earth. Their names were Zizzo and Zizza."
"And what happened to Zizzo and Zizza, papa?"
"Well, they were also great mathematicians. So, they multiplied."
"Oh, papa," laughed Zoe, flapping her wings excitedly, "that was a very nice story!"
-110-
Appendix
I
Part II Text A
Text Organization 1.
Parts
Part One
Part Two
Paragraphs
Paras 1-3
Paras 4-48
Main Ideas
The narrator claims that no extraterrestrials will ever
land on earth.
The narrator gives an account of his encounter with
extraterrestrials, making it clear why he claims that
they will return no more.
2.
Sections
Section One
Section Two
Paragraphs
Paras 4-5
Paras 6-11
Main Plots
(before the E.T.'s arrival)Bart got quite irritable be-
cause of his complicated tax form.
(the landing of the flying saucer) The narrator was
shocked at the sight of a flying saucer landing on Earth
and two men getting out of it, while Bart didn't notice it
at all.
Section Three
Paras 12-34
(the meeting with the E.T.) Unaware of the guests'
identity and caught up with his tax form, Bart talked to
the guests with an impatient and sarcastic tone and
turned down their request rudely. Their conversation
ended with the guests' promise of not coming back.
(after th
e E.T.'s departure) After the E.T. left, the
narrator got mad at Bart because of his irrational atti-
tude to the guests. Bart didn't realize his stupid error
until it was too late.
Section Four
Paras 35-48
Appendix
I
-111-
Vocabulary
I.
1.1) rocket2) garbage
3) knock off4) complicated
5) locality6) cursed
7) came around8) deputy
9) heave10) caught sight of
11) arrangement12) blinked
13) isolated14) disabled
15) regardless of
2. 1) work out2) passed away
3) go for4) send for (the doctor)
5) knocked down6) called on (me)
7) turned down8) came up with
3. 1) "We want to put the government at your service, giving you what you've paid for," said
the incoming president at the inauguration.
2) The doctors are keeping the patient under close observation on account of her critical
condition.
3) Apparently the solution to this complicated technical problem is even beyond the wits of
the skilled technicians.
4) No two zebras are alike in the details of their black and white lines though they all seem to
have the same appearance.
5) I'm really bugged by her persistent complaining about her routine life, soaring prices, the
polluted surroundings, and the like.
4. 1) Charlotte has just finished a piece of fiction for the science column of a local weekly
newspaper.'lt is about a group of extraterrestrials with keen wits and great strength. They
can solve complicated problems and knock down buildings effortlessly. And their appear-
ance on Earth changes the whole mode of life of human beings.
2) To my father, retirement doesn't mean isolating himself from society. As a veteran doctor,
he has worked out a plan to promote the health of the public and makes supreme efforts to
fulfil it. On account of his superb medical capability and kindness, he is respected by old
and young alike in the community.
3) Mike's mother is really bugged by her son's attitude to learning. When she is keeping an
eye on him, he makes like he is going over his class notes. Once he is left alone, he will
112-
Appendix 1
either be hooked on computer games or simply go to bed. Maybe it is time she adopted a
more effective approach to his education.
II. Usage
1. high
3. deep
5. steady
III. Word Formation
2. easy
4. real
6. funny
Abbreviation
WTO
Full Term
World Trade Organization
gross domestic product
automated teller machine
value-added tax
computer aided design
information technology
international direct dial
musical television
radio detecting and ranging
International Olympic Committee
very important person
light amplification by stimulated
emission of radiation
central processing unit
■
Chinese Meaning
世界贸易组织
国内生产总值
自动出纳机
增值税
计算机辅助设计
信息技术
国际直拨电话
音乐电视
雷
达
国际奥委会
大人物
激光
GDP
ATM
VAT
CAD
IT
IDD
MTV
radar
IOC
VIP
laser
CPU
Structure
中央处理器
1. 1) Bernard was believed to have been killed in a car-bomb attack a year and a half ago.
2) As a freshman, Jane is so curious about university life that she wants to be involved in all kinds
of campus activities.
3) What worries us most is that little seems to have been done to remedy the trade deficit.
4) He got to the railway station only to be told that the train had already left.
Appendix I
-113-
2. 1) His opponent having gained a lead of almost 60,000 votes, the candidate publicly admitted that
he had lost his election bid.
2) All the guests having left his house, the host kicked off his shoes and stretched out on the
couch.
3) His voice (being) almost drowned by the big noise from the audience, the speaker had to stop
his lecture.
4) The roads being wet and slippery after the heavy rain, I drove very carefully.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. deputy
3. on account of
5. go over
7. nationality
9. locality
11. garbage
(B)
1. with
3. at
5. from
7. However
9. figured/found
11. conducted
13. at
15. but
17. so
II. Translation
2. complicated
4. caught sight of
6. appearance
8. isolated
10. organization
12. leave... alone
2. buried / drowned / lost
4. away
6. sign
8. later
10. aliens
12. None
14. times
16. like
<
The extraterrestrial has been a topic of interest to experts and laymen / nonprofessionals
alike. Researchers of various nationalities and organizations are adopting different modes of in-
vestigation in search of extraterrestrials. Some make a close observation of stars with extremely
high levels of rare, radioactive elements. They believe those elements have resulted from extrater-
- 114 -
Appendix
I
restrial technology that is still beyond human wits to understand. Some try to isolate radio signals
from the "noise" of the universe. And some claim that they have caught sight of extraterrestrials
and can even describe their appearance in detail. Researchers work up the complicated data they
collect into a series of reports and books. Although no definite answer has yet been found, the
explorers' hope shows no sign of fading out on account of their frustrations and they hold to the
belief that their hard efforts will prove worthwhile.
Part III Text B
Comprehension Check
l.d
3. c
5. b
Translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. detect
3. take ... for granted
5. orbiting
7. in connection with
9. existence
11. For one thing
13. in the process of
15. disposed of
17. true of
19. For instance
2. reliable / stable
4. stable
6. in theory
8. evolution
10. capable
12. in other words
14. endure
16. is apt to
18. universe
20. in particular
2. d
4. b
6. c
Appendix 1
-115-
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Pressing Problems on Our Planet I Wish to
Discuss with Extraterrestrials
Since the visitors could travel such long distances from Venus to our planet, their society must
be far better developed and advanced than ours. Therefore, why not, I think, take advantage of their
visit and ask for their advice about how to solve some of the most pressing problems we confront
here on earth?
The number one issue on my list is global warming which is said to be caused by greenhouse
gases like carbon dioxide. According to the World Meteorological Organization, global warming
could increase the Earth's average surface temperature by as much as 5° F(3° C) by 2070. Such a
warm planet would lead to a sea-level rise of 6 to 38 inches and consequently would give rise to more
floods or droughts, which in turn could finally empty our breadbaskets.
Another urgent issue is the rapid exhaustion of the earth's natural resources.
Nowadays human society, especially in the developed countries, is what we might call a
"throw-away" society. Lunch boxes, beverage containers, chopsticks, or even cameras, are just
disposed of as garbage after being used only once. It is reported that to produce 100,000 pairs of
chopsticks consumes as many as 17 full-grown trees. Yet to grow a tree of considerable size usually
takes tens of years. Unfortunately we have grown used to all this without so much as bothering to
ask ourselves: Are there inexhaustible natural resources on Earth for us to waste like this
generation after generation?
These are the things that worry me most. Do our extraterrestrial visitors have the same prob-
lems as we do? Could they show us how to solve them?
(269 words)
- 116 -
Appendix
I
Unit 5
.■■
■■
Part I
Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
To begin with, let's listen to a song called There 's No Place Like Home for the Holidays.
There's No Place Like Home for the Holidays
Perry Como
On, there's no place like home for the holidays 'Cause no
matter how far away your roam If you long lor the sunshine
and a friendly gaze For the holidays you can't heat home sweet
home
I met a man who lived in Tennessee
t
And he was looking for
Pennsylvania and some homemade pumpkin pie
Now in Pennsylvania folks are traveling
Down to Dixie's sunny shore
The Atlantic to Pacific
Ok, the season is terrific
Oh, there's no place like home for the holidays
For the holidays you can't heat home sweet home
Perry Como has a very fine, silky voice. Just the sort of voice one needs for a sentimental song
full of familiar phrases such as "there's no place like home" and "home sweet home". It sounds as if
he is singing about Thanksgiving, as he sings of "homemade pumpkin pie", a traditional dish for the
Thanksgiving holiday. Thanksgiving for Americans is much like the Spring Festival for us, a time
when families try to get back together. In America people often travel many miles to get back to their
Appendix
I
-117-
hometown, whether it's from north to
south, "Pennsylvania ... down to Dixie" (Dixie is a traditional name
for the American South) or from east to west, "the Atlantic to Pacific."
Part II Text A
Text Organization
l.
Parte
Part One
Paragraphs
Paras 1-9
Main Ideas
On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at
sea, the writer came up with the idea of expressing his
gratitude to people who had helped him before.
The writer wrote three thank-you letters to his father, the
Rev. Nelson and his grandmother.
The writer got three letters in reply.
The writer wishes everyone to find the good and praise it.
Part Two
Part Three
Part Four
Paras 10-16
Paras 17-23
Paras 24-26
Correspondents
Father
Letters Sent
Thanks him for teaching the
writer from boyhood to love
books and reading.
, Thanks him for his morning
school prayers. I
i
Letters Received
Tells the writer how he, as a teacher
and a father as well, felt content with
his own son.
Tells the writer about his retirement
coupled with self-doubt, and the re-
assurance brought to him by the
writer's letter.
Expresses her loving gratefulness
to her grandson.
The Rev.
Nelson
Grandmother
Thanks her for teaching the
writer how to tell the truth, to
share and to be forgiving, and
for her good cooking and her
sprinkling the writer's life with
Stardust.
- It6 -
Appendix I
Vocabulary
I. 1.
1) sprinkled2) in turn
3) reversed4) repay?
5) at sea6) on your behalf
7) statement8) specific
9) got to10) in secret
11) unloaded12) accord
13) weep14) quote
15) under way
2. 1) came across2) make out
3) hope for4) turns (it) over
5) put away6) brings back
7) got to8) go about
3. 1) As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar
energy.
2) Happiness will never come to those who fail to appreciate what they already have.
3) While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children
of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.
4) Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history
and culture.
5) Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic
accident.
4. 1) I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well-
being. My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express.
2) After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta-
tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence.
3) Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous. I could hardly believe that it had
undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest
in the past few years.
II. Collocation
1, fond of
3. thoughtful of
2. sick of
4. confident of
Appendix I
5
. conscious of
7. guilty of
6. critical of
8. uncertain of
-I
- 119 -
II. Usage
1. To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.
2. It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.
3. Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.
4. I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.
5. Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for
them.
Structure
1.1) Fifty years ago it was taken for granted that marriage was the goal of every young woman's
inmost thought, and the aim for her of her father and mother.
2) Most young people take tap water for granted because they've never lived without it.
3) I'd always seen them together and just took it for granted that they were married.
4) It is a very common phenomenon among people that the first gift is regarded with affection
and the second is taken for granted.
2. 1) The 1980s saw the start of the development of some special economic zones in China.
2) The past decade has seen the release of many films, some of them good, some of them bad,
and a few of them very brilliant.
3) The last 100 years have seen the material wealth of humankind explode beyond all previous
imagining.
4) We have been at your service for five years. The future will see us developing new ideas and
plans to suit more of your needs.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1) at sea
3) reverse
5) repay
7) appreciated
2) Turning over
4) got to
6) gratitude
8) assembled
- 120 -
Appendix I
10) unloading
9) immersed in
11) swift
(B)
1) all
3) better
5) year
7) because
9) brings
11) for
13) harvest
15) if
17) itself
2) reason
4) for
6) together
8) by
10) that
12) the
14) from
16) reward
18) food
II. Translation
Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the
holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he
completed two successive trips around the world. The diary brought back every moment George
had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf. George's
father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence. He
also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted. Even today, George still
remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying "Gratitude is the sign of noble
souls" and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
l.c
3. d
5. c
Translation
(#J& Appendix III)
2. b
4. a
Appendix I
- 121 -
Language Practice
1. restless
3. saturated
5. compress
7. testimony
9. definition
11. bring in
13. swap
15. to the point
1
7. dual
19. kicked out
2. settle down
4. designated
6. complains
8. touched on
10. referred to
12. spectrum
14. gear
16. look over
18. advantages
20. migrate
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Dear Dad,
It's Thanksgiving and of course my thoughts are turning home to you. Looking out over the
ocean I find myself thinking about how much I owe to you. Yet I have never got round to telling
you just how thankful I feel towards you for all you have done for me. There are so many things,
I don't know where to start and would never get to the end once I begin. But if I had to pick just
one thing it would perhaps be the love of books and reading I learnt from you. Those after-dinner
quizzes at the table about the books we had just read and the new words we had picked up, I can
see them in my mind's eye as if it were yesterday. Not many are as lucky in their father as I am.
So, simply, thank you.
Your loving son,
Alex
- 122 -
Appendix I
Dear Rev. Nelson,
I am writing this on board my ship. It is Thanksgiving. My thoughts have been turning to all
those who have done so much for me in the past and how I have never taken the time to thank
them properly. Naturally, you were among the first to come to mind. You were, quite simply, the
very best teacher a child could wish for. You gave us so many different gifts, but, if I were forced
to choose one, then it would be your morning prayers at assembly at the start of each day.
Whatever positive things I have done since can often be traced to the impression left by those
prayers. For that guidance and all the other things I was lucky enough to learn from you, I shall
always be in your debt.
Your affectionate student,
Alex Haley
Dear Grandma,
Here I am, on board my ship, and a thousand miles away from your wonderful cooking on
Thanksgiving! Standing here at the rail, looking out at the sunset, I've been turning the meaning
of Thanksgiving around in my mind and come up with the idea that it is just the time to be
giving thanks to those we owe them to. And who better to start with than you? How could I
have grown up without your help? You always found just the right way of showing me with
those wonderful stories of yours the importance of telling the truth, of sharing and forgiving, of
being considerate of others. Quite simply, you sprinkled my life with Stardust. Thank you.
Love
.
?
{
... ■■
Alex
Unit 6
Part i
Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
The song you are about to hear was first performed at a concert given to raise money to fight
against poverty in Africa. Its message is simple, "There are people dying and it is time to help, to lend
a hand. It's no use pretending that someone somewhere will do it for us. So let's start giving to those
with less than ourselves." The message is clear. The song sings that we are all of us, everyone in the
world, part of one great big family. We should care f
or one another, because, as the song says,
We are the world...
We are the ones
Who make a brighter day.
Now here is the song:
We Are the World
Michael Jackson
There conies a time
When we heard a certain call,
When the world
Must come together as one.
There are people dying;
And it's time to lend a hand to life,
The greatest girt of all.
We can't go on pretending day by day
That someone somewhere will soon
Make a change.
- 124 -
Appendix
I
We are the part
Of God's great big family.
And the truth you know,
Love is ail we need.
We are the world,
We are the children,
We are the ones
Who mate a brighter day.
So let's start giving.
There's a choice we are making,
We are saving our own lives.
It's true we'll mate a better day,
Just you and me.
Send them your heart
So they'll know that someone cares
And their life
Will be stronger and free.
As God has shown us,
By turning stones to bread
So we all must lend a helping hand.
When you're down and out,
There seems no hope at all.
But if you just believe,
There's no way we can fall.
Let us realize
That a change can only come
When we started together as one.
■
Part II Text A
Text Organization
1. 1) She made up her mind to die when the last leaf fell.
2) She decided not to give up her life.
Appendix
I
-125
3) Behrman, a kind neighbor, who was aware of Johnsy's state of mind, risked death to paint the
last leaf and save her.
4) Because it was so perfect the girls both mistook it for the real thing.
i [\
2-
.2S:
■, .
.
■
,
.
. . . 'i .. ... .-
Scenes
1
2
3
4
5
Paragraphs
Paras 1-2
Paras 3-8
Paras 9-17
Paras 18-2.1
Paras 22-33
Characters
Sue, Johnsy
the doctor, Sue
Johnsy, Sue
Behrman, Sue
Sue, Johnsy
Events
Sue's roommate Johnsy caught pneumonia.
The doctor told Sue that Johnsy needed a
strong will to live on.
Johnsy decided that she would die when the 1
last ivy leaf fell.
Sue told Behrman about Johnsy's fancy.
As Johnsy was encouraged by the last leaf
that wouldn't give in to the weather, her
will to live returned.
The doctor told Sue that Johnsy would re-
cover, but Behrman caught pneumonia himself
and his case was hopeless.
Sue told Johnsy that Behrman had performed a
kind deed without any thought of self.
6
Paras 34-37
the doctor, Sue
■
7
Paras 38-39
Sue, Johnsy
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) flutter/fluttering
3) cling to
5) fancy
7) fierce
9) nonsense
11) subtracted
13) Sin
15) for the rest
2) acute
4) streaming
6) mock
8) masterpiece
10) bare
12) victim
14) look the part
■
:
?
-126
Appendix
I
2. 1) gave in/gave up2) figure out
3) sized up4) wiped out
5) pulling up6) wear away
7) sit up8) hear of / about
3. 1) Illnesses usually stand out in childhood memories.
2) According to the bulletin, Albright College now offers a joint bachelor's degree program in
environmental studies togeth
er with Duke University.
3) The new government is less oppressive, but violence still stalks the country.
4) There is scarcely any surface water in the desert.
5) The demand for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised
to consider it.
4. 1) It was dreary lying in the tent with nothing to read, so we built a camp fire. Soon the smell
of steaks, bread and coffee mingled with that of fresh grass and earth. Other campers
seemed to be doing the same. Here and there people were eating, drinking or dancing to
their hearts' content, if not to excess. What a merry night!
2) Miss Florence, our music teacher, called to us to stop singing. I didn't realize why until
Sally told me in a whisper: " You are not in tune with the group!"
3) The angry wife poured a bucket of water over her drunken husband, who was immedi-
ately wet through and stumbled backward: " You can't do without drinks? I won't hear of
any excuses. You certainly don't need it to turn loose your tongue!"
■
II. Words with Multiple Meanings
1. He went to Paris on business last month.
2. The train to Brussels goes at 2:25p.m.
3. As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go.
4. We went exploring together in the mountains. / We will go exploring together in the mountains.
5. Let's go and have a drink in the bar.
6. The store is going to close up soon.
7. South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarter-
finals.
8. When Mother came out of the house, she found her children gone.
■
III. Usage
1. a little white wooden house
Appendix I
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
long, curly red hair
a large old round table
a cheap Indian restaurant
a huge cool chocolate ice-cream
rapid technological advance
a handsome young Chinese American
-127-
Struclurc
1. 1) The kitchen smells of burnt rubber.
2) It smells of rose.
3) It tastes of fish.
4) It tastes of gasoline.
2. 1) I killed the spider by hitting it.
2) The little girl supported herself by selling matches.
3) You can unlock the door by turning the key to the right.
4) She tried to get help by screaming.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. victim
3. Scarcely
5. cling to
7. sat up
9. fancy
11. sin
(B)
1. As
3. that
5. jail
7. so
9. not
11. collect
13. into
2. in tune
4. in a whisper
6. merry
8. nonsense
10. fierce
12. masterpiece
2. whose
4. or
6. Her
8.
10.
12.
14.
buy
figured
when
deliver
- 126 -
Appendix 1
16. feel
18. Bring
20. small
15. including
17. take
19. in
II. Translation
Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people. They may be in worn out
jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot / in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to
the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any