Module 5 Cloning
导学案1 Introduction , reading and vocabulary page 57-59
1. Target language目标语言
a. 重点词汇
huge, human being, lip, monster, terrifying, ugly, create, frightening, horror, resemble, terrify, wrinkled, beauty, bone, chase, creation, disgust, emotion, fear, fiancée, lifeless, murder
b. 重点句子
1. The novel immediately became very popular and it is generally agreed that it is one
of the best science fiction stories ever written.
2. Using bones from dead bodies, he creates a creature that resembles a human being and gives it life.
3. Feeling very anxious, I prepared the equipment that would give life to the thing that lay at my feet.
4. It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time.
5. I wish I had not created this creature.
Task1 : new words revision:
1. 使…恐惧
2. 追捕，追逐，追赶
3. 使厌恶，使觉得恶心 5. 谋杀，谋杀案
6. 拒绝
7. 燃尽烧完自灭
8. 呼吸9. 对照，与…对比
10. 与…相似11. 扑倒在…上
12. 恐怖；害怕；担心；13. 发出声音
14. 创造
Task2: phrases: 从课文中找到相应的单词或短语
1. create a monster
2. resemble a huge human being
3. science fiction stories
4. horror films
5. have human emotions
6. refuse to do
7. the Arctic 8. at the end of
9. for the first time 10. a piece of equipment
11. give life to 12. fall against the window
13. burn out 14. by its tiny light
15. contrast …with…16. turn to look at me
17. the same …as18. rush out
19. up and down 20. throw oneself on…
21. shake with fear 22. at the same moment
23. make a sound 24. again and again
25. put out a hand
Task3 ：Sentence patterns:
1. The novel immediately became very popular and it is generally agreed that it is
one of the best science fiction stories ever written.
It is agreed that …固定句型，意思是―…被一致认为‖，it 做形式主语，that 引导真实主语从句，类似结构：It is said/ reported/ believed/ hoped/ required/suggested/ thought that …
句式变化It is said that he has gone abroad. = He is said to have gone abroad.
2. While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to give life to lifeless
matter.
While waiting, (= While he was waiting ), he was reading a magazine.
If it is necessary,(=If ___________), I’ll ring you up.
3. It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time.
联想：对not until 句型的强调
I didn't recognise him until he took off his dark glasses.
__________________________________________________________________
4. I wish I had not created this creature.
5. Lonely and unhappy, he begins to hate his creator, Frankenstein.
（Feeling）Very anxious, I prepared the equipment that would give life to the thing that lay at my feet.
考点：adj.或adj.短语作状语，表示原因。此外，还可表示伴随情况等。
6. Using bones from dead bodies, he creates a creature that resembles a human being and gives it life.
I woke, shaking with fear.
考点：v. –ing 短语作状语，表示方式、伴随情况。此外，还可以表示原因、结果、时间等。
重难点
1. terrify v. (make sth. frightened) 使惊恐，使受惊吓
n. terror run away in terror 惊慌地跑开
adj. terrified/ terrifying
be terrified at / with 因….吓了一跳be terrified of 恐惧，害怕….
1). Having heard the alarm, _________ people ran out of the office.
2). I don’t like _________ films. They are frightening.
2. resemble: vt.be like or similar to…与……相像
常用短语：resemble sb./sth. (in sth.)
她和她弟弟长得很像。_______________________________
她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。__________________________________
3. refuse v 拒绝回绝refuse + n / pron / to do / sb. sth.
4. murder n. /v. 谋杀，谋杀案murderer 凶手，谋杀犯
commit murders 进行谋杀，犯杀人罪
1). 一个月内发生了3起凶杀案。_______________________________
2). He murdered his wife with a knife.
5. chase: follow 追捕
在外面的院子里, 孩子们叫喊着, 互相追逐。
__________________________________________________________________ chase off: 赶跑
这个老人用棍子赶跑了所有调皮的男孩。
________________________________________________________________ chased after sb./sth. 追逐，追赶，追踪，追求
chase sb./sth. away/ off/ out 赶走，驱逐
chase about 到处飞奔chase down 努力寻找
chase one’s dream 追求个人梦想
Why do people ___ material possessions?
A. chase away
B. chase after
C. chase about
D. chase down
6. burn out vi. 燃尽烧完自灭
vt. burn sth. out = sth. be burnt out 被烧空, 烧毁
burn oneself out = be burnt out 精力耗尽;身体搞垮
burn up 烧起来旺起来
1). 这座房子被大火烧光了. _____________________________
2). 蜡烛已烧尽____________________________________
3). 他要是继续这样拼命，就会累垮的。__________________________________
4). 把这些木头放在火上使它烧起来___________________________________ burn out /off 烧光burn down 烧毁burn to the ground 烧成平地
5).The hotel was ________________in the big fire.
6). The wooden house was _____________.
7). If you want to study well , you should burn your boats.
7. breathe v. 呼吸It is good for the health to breathe deeply.
搭配：breathe in ________ breathe out ____________
The doctor told me to breathe in and then breathe out slowly.
拓展：breath n. hold one’s breath __________out of breath ____________ 8. contrast vt. 对照，对比contrast A and/with B
1). 这首诗对比了青春与年老。________________________________
搭配：contrast with
2). 她的行动与诺言相差甚远。__________________________________ contrast n. 短语：in contrast to /with ___________ by contrast ____________ contrast….with 不同类事物对比/映衬/衬托
compare…with 同类事物对比/比较
1). The teacher compared and contrasted the poems.
2) The white sailing boat ______________the blue sea.
3) My works don’t ______________yours.
9. disgust v. 使厌烦，使觉得恶心
1). 鱼的腥味令我恶心。_______________________________
2). We’re all disgusted at the way her husband treats her.
n. disgust n.厌恶这股气味使我作呕。_______________________________ disgusting可作形容词，表示―令人恶心的‖
10. turn to sb. / sth.常意为―向……求助‖。
The children all turned ______ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
A. looked at
B. to look at
C. to looking at
D. look at
11. fear n.恐怖；害怕；担心；v.害怕，畏惧
1). 我全身颤抖着吓醒了。__________________________________
2). Helen didn’t want to get out of bed,_________________________.
海伦不想起床，生怕吵醒她的丈夫。
3). 小男孩害怕晚上单独外出。___________________________________
拓展：for fear of...担心……；以防……in fear o f…害怕…
never fear = don’t worry 别担心in/with fear惊恐地fearful (frightening) adj. 吓人的，可怕的fearless adj. 无畏的，勇敢的He got to the station early, missing his train.
A. in case of
B. instead of
C. for fear of
D. in search of
反馈训练
I 词汇拓展
1. emotion n. __________adj. 情感的___________adj. 没有感情的
2. fiancee n. __________ n. 未婚夫
3. murder v. _________ n. 凶手
4. breathe v. _________n. 呼吸
5. horror n. _______ adj. 可怕的，令人恐惧的
6. fear n. ________ adj. 可怕的________adj.无畏的
7. create v. _________n. 创造________adj. 创造性的__________n 创造者_________ n. 生物，动物
8. wrinkle adj. _______ n. 皱纹v. 起皱纹，使起皱纹
导学案2 Function, Speaking, Listening and Vocabulary,
Everyday English 60-63
1. Target language目标语言
2. Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to learn to talk about past and present regrets.
3. Learning ability goals 学能目标
Help the students learn how to know more about genetics.
Function
I wish I had not created this creature,
I wish I was n ot here.
I wish I could disappear!
I’m so sorry!It’s a great pity!
What a shame！That’s too bad!
If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake.
Listening and Vocabulary
Ability goals能力目标Enable the students to learn more about cloning.
3. Learning ability goals学能目标
Help the students learn how to know more about genetics.
Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点
Learn more about cloning.
Tapescript:
Presenter: Our topic for this week is ______. To discuss it, we have with us Dr Hugh Donaville, head of a company that has already cloned a number of
animals.
Hugh D: Good morning.
Presenter: Dr Donaville, could you ___________ a simple explanation of cloning ? Hugh D: Certainly.___________are created in a laboratory. They take all their genes from ____________-.
Presenter: So cloned animals come from one parent only.
Hugh D: Precisely.
Presenter: How successful has cloning been so far ?
Hugh D: Well, as most people know, in 1997 scientists cloned___________ Dolly.
Since then, scientists have cloned animals such as pigs and cats. Presenter: You make cloning ___________.
Hugh D: Do I ? I wish it was. If it was easy, I’d be a very______________. Presenter: So what are the ___________?
Hugh D: Unfortunately, cloned animals get ill and die quite young. For example, Dolly the sheep died in 2003. ____________________.
Presenter: Why do they get ill ?
Hugh D: We’ve got a few ideas but we don’t really understand why yet. Presenter: I see. Now___________,Dr Donaville, you believe that cloning will _______________human beings.
Hugh D: Yes, I do. If I didn’t believe that, I’d be in a different job.
Presenter: Many people believe that cloning is wrong and___________. How do you answer them ?
Hugh D: I tell them that cloning is__________________.
Presenter: But cloning treats animals and people as things,___________.
Hugh D: Nonsense ! I don’t think that’s true at all. I don’t think scientists treated Dolly the sheep as a product. She was a sheep.
Presenter: I’m not sure everyone believes that. Also, people are afraid that scientists will create______________________________________.
Hugh D: I agree, if that happened, it would be terrible. We________ to prevent that.
Presenter: I’m glad you__________ that. But why do scientists want to clone humans ? I can’t see any good reasons for this.
Hugh D: ______________, there are very good reasons. For example, if a couple can’t have children, then clo ning can ____________. And if a child dies,
we could clone it.
Presenter: Create an identical copy, you mean ? I t hink that’s _____________. Hugh D: A clone can never be an identical copy of another person. It’s not just your genes that create who you are. It’s your family and society as well. Presenter: True.
Hugh D: _____________, we could clone animals that are _______________ Presenter: Yes , if we were able to do that, it would be wonderful. I can see there are many _________________________________.
phrases:
1. be against cloning
2. be for cloning
3. have arguments with …
4. leave alone
5. be beneficial / helpful to
Everyday English
1. On the contrary
2. In other words
3. That’s it. / Incredible! / Nonsense!
Writing
Ask the students to make notes of arguments for and against cloning.
arguments for cloning:
1) cloning will be beneficia l to humans. For example, if a couple can’t have children, cloning could help give them a child;
2) we could use cloning to cure illnesses
arguments against cloning:
1) health risks from mutation of genes;
2) emotional risks;
3) risk of abuse of the technology;
4) against nature;
5) cloned animals get ill and die quite young;
6) people are afraid of that scientists will create thousands of copies of the same person;
7) cloning is dangerous because scientists may create monsters by mistake
If you had the power, would you ban cloning or would you encourage it? Give reasons for your opinion.
Write your paragraph as follows:
Answer the question in one sentence. Give reasons for your answer. Use these words: firstly, secondly, …lastly.
Example: I would ban cloning for several reasons. Firstly, I do not believe it is right to create humans or animals using scientific methods. It is against and very
dangerous.
Give some examples.
Example: All the cloned animals born so far have died young.
导学案3 Grammar page 62-63
虚拟语气的概念
语气：语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的意图或态度。英语中有陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气三种语气。
虚拟语气是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的主观愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中)。
一．虚拟语气在条件句中的运用
1). If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car.
2). If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world.
3). If it were fine now, I would go shopping.
2. 与过去事实相反：表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果。
1). If I had had time last night, I would have gone to see the film with you .
2). If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident
yesterday.
3. 与将来事实可能相反：表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果。
1). If I saw him tomorrow, I should tell him.
2). If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
3). If it should be necessary, I could come at six.
注意
含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were这三个词，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行部分倒装。
1). Had they time (= If they had time), they would certainly come and help us.
2). Should it be fine (= If it should be fine), we would go for an outing.
3). Were I you (=If I were you), I would go.
2）有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。这种句子可以称为错综复杂条件句
1). If it had rained last night, (过去) I would be very cold today.（现在）
2). If I had taken your advice, (过去) I should have no trouble with the work now.（现在）
3）有时候，假设的情况不以条件从句表示，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表示。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。
1). We could have done better under more favourite conditions.
2). He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy.
3). Such mistakes could have been avoided. (if we had been more careful)
4). But for your help, we couldn’t have finish ed the work ahead of time.
5). Without air, there would be no living things.
6). With your help we could have done better.
7). If only I were a bird!
二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
1．在动词suggest, order, demand, propose, request, insist, require, desire等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即should + 动词原形）来表示愿望，建议，命令，请求等。
常见动词：
一个坚持：insist（坚持要求）
两个命令：order, command
三个建议：advise, suggest, propose
四个要求：demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。
1). I suggest that we (should) set off at once.
2). They requested that we (should) send a delegation to their country.
3). The doctor suggested that she (should) not smoke.
4). He insisted that she (should) go first.
2．wish (that) + subject + a past tense（与现在事实相反）
1). I wish I were as strong as you.
2). I wish every day were my birthday.
3. wish (that) + subject + past perfect（与过去事实相反）
1). I wish you had told me earlier.
2). I wish / wished I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon.
3). The party was awful, I wish I had never gone to it.
4. wish (that) +subject + would 将来不大可能实现的愿望
1). I wish it would rain tomorrow.
2). I wish you would succeed this time.
3). I wish you could fly back to me.
三．虚拟语气在其他名词性从句中的运用
It is desired that
It is suggested that
It is required that
It is demanded that
It was ordered that + … should+ …
It was proposed that
It is important/essential/ necessary…that
It is a pity/ a shame/strange …that
1). It is demanded that energy should be saved.
2). It is important that he should study English before going abroad.
3). It is a great pity that he should be always careless.
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名称后的表语从句，同位语从句中
1). Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.
2). My advice is that we (should) send for Doctor Li
3). Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?
注意It is (high) time that you were to bed.
I would rather you came to see me tomorrow.
would rather that -- 现在：过去时were / did
过去：过去完成时had done
未来：过去时were / did
It’s (about/high) time +that --过去时/should +V.
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you should go.
四．虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用
以as if，as though引起的状语从句，其谓语形式与wish后的宾语从句相同。as if /though + 从句现在：过去时
过去：过去完成时
She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
It seems as if it were spring.
注意:从句情况如果很有可能发生,也可用陈述语气
导学案4 Vocabulary and Reading 64-66
目标
To learn something about Cloning and DNA
To summarize the main idea of the passage.
To use the language points correctly.
Task1: phrases: 从课文中找到相应的单词或短语
1.It’s certainly true that…
2. the structure of the acid DNA酸性DNA结构
3. A transparent twisting ladder透明的双螺旋结构
4. The fundamental components of life生命的基本元素
5. The results of growing pea plants种植豌豆的结果
6. The genetic make-up of the new plant子代（下一代）的基因结构
7. a procedure to use enzymes用酶的程序
8. Unzip the DNA 解开DNA
9. cut out a sequence of genes截取一系列的基因片段
10. insert them into the host cell把它们植入主细胞
11. combine…with…be combined with
12. be identical to 和…一样，与…一致
13. It’s certain that …
14. valid reasons
15. offer cloning as an optional treatment for couples…
为夫妇提供作为选择性治疗的（克隆）
16. find it difficult to do sth.
17. under unknown psychological pressure在未知的心理压力下
18. reproduce the talents of exceptional human beings 复制非凡的天才
19. obtain a supply of stem cells获取大量的干细胞
20. recover from a disease从疾病中恢复
21. repair human tissue修复人体组织
22. what is clear is that…
23. some voluntary code 一些不成文的法规
24. compulsory government regulations强制性的政府条例
25. be handy to clone 克隆很方便
26. resist bacteria or disease抵御细菌和疾病
27. rely on 依靠，依赖
28. restrict the biodiversity of the breed 限制了生物品种的多样性。
29. research into / about / on 对…的研究
二. 重难点
1.optional adj. 可选择的，随意的option n. 选择，选择权
compulsory adj. 强制的
学校里既有必修课，又有选修课。
__________________________________________________________________ 2. resist v.
1). 抵抗；抵制；使不受…的伤害
resist sth. 抵制反抗…使不受…的伤害
resist doing sth. 抵制做某事
叛军与警察对抗。The rebel army resisted the police.
The laborers prepared to resist and to overthrow this Government.
2). 意为―抵御；阻止；抗；耐‖。如：
For months the company has resisted changing its accounts system.
这种金属是防锈的___________________________
3). 意为―经得住；不屈从‖, 常用于否定句。如：
Jill couldn’t resist making jokes about his boldness.
. 她看到甜食就想吃。__________________________
4). resist sth. 抵制…的诱惑resist doing sth. 抵制做某事的诱惑
can’t resist (doing) sth. 无法抗拒做某事的诱惑；忍不住做某事
resist the temptation 抵制诱惑resist arrest 拒捕
[词汇拓展]
resistance n.（不可数）抵抗，对抗；反对, 抵抗力, 阻力(与to连用)
The firm has to overcome its resistance to new technology.
这家公司必须克服对采用新技术的阻力。
resistant adj. 抵抗的，有抵抗力的
The seedlings are resistant to cold weather. 这些秧苗有抗寒力。
3. rely on / upon 依靠；依赖；指望，信任；信赖
rely on/ upon sb. to do sth. =rely on sb.s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
rely on/ upon sb./ sth. (for sth.) 依靠某人/ 某物（做某事）
rely on sb. = trust sb.信赖某人
rely on sth. = depend on sth. 依靠某事
rely on it that…相信…，指望…
你放心好了，他会开车来接你。
__________________________________________________________________ The success of the project _____ on everyone making an effort.
A. works
B. gets
C. relies
D. takes
4. identical
1) 同一的；同样的.
我们双方对应当怎么办的看法是一致的。
______________________________________________________________
2) (常与with连用) 完全相同的
我的意见和他的意见相同。
_____________________________________________________________
be identical to 与……完全相同be identical in 在……方面是相同的
the identical = the same
This picture is identical to the one my mother has.
This is the identical room we stayed in last year.
(这是我们去年住过的同一间房间)
联想：在……方面与……相似
be similar to…in… resemble sb. in…
identically adv.
identical twin 长相酷似的双胞胎之一
identify v.identify sb / sth as sb / sth
identify sth with sth 认为某事物与某事物等同She identified the man as her brother. 她把那个男人认成了他的兄弟。
幸福和财富不能混为一谈。__________________________________________
导学案5 Reading Practice 67-68
斯蒂芬.斯皮尔伯格(Steven Spielber g) ―电影奇才‖作品：
《辛德勒名单》《大白鲨》《E.T.》《侏罗纪公园》
Task2: 从课文中找到相应的单词或短语
phrases:
1. sci-fi adventure film 科幻历险片/电影
2. eccentric millionaire 行为古怪的百万富翁
3. his new amusement park他的新游乐场
4. open to public 对公众开放
5. prehistoric mosquitoes 史前蚊子
6. accompany v. 陪伴，伴随，陪accompany sb. to 陪某人去…
be accompanied by 由某人陪伴
7. on a tour 观光，旅行
8. computer-controlled cars电脑控制的车
9. a tropical storm hits the island 热带风暴…
10. knock out the power supply摧毁能源供应
11. destroy the security system破坏安全系统
12. steal dinosaur embryos 偷出恐龙胚胎
13. get out of control 摆脱控制
14. a preserved mosquito 一个被保存的蚊子
15. as far as we know
16. mosquitoes that old 那么久的蚊子
17. absorb sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in 全神贯注于
18. There is no way of knowing … 无法知道
19. There is nothing to compare the new sample with 无法与新的样本进行比较
20. intact adj. 完好无损的，完整的
21. extinction 灭绝
22. break down 分解
23. repair itself 自我修复
24. arise （问题、困难等）发生，出现raise a baby dinosaur 养育一个小恐龙
26. the diets of dinosaur
27. protect …from…
28. vice versa 反过来也一样，反之亦然
29. raise ethical and human rights issues带来道德和人权问题
30. be ready for sth. 准备做某事
31. bring …back to life 使…复活
32. in the era of dinosaurs 在恐龙时代
33. find difficulty (in )doing sth. 发现做某事有困难
二. 重难点
1). accompany v. 陪伴，陪同
She accompanied her friend to the concert.
accompany sb. to some place
accompany sb. home她陪我去看了医生。__________________________
请陪我去故乡走一走。_________________________________________
2) 伴随
雷声常常伴随着闪电而来。________________________________
3) 伴奏
玛丽唱歌，我弹琴给她伴奏。________________________________________ company n. 陪伴，友情
keep sb. company People are judged by the company they keep.
2. knock out摧毁
e.g. Our bombers have knocked out the mobile launchers. 摧毁
The movie just knocked me out. 这个电影让我赞叹不已。
We can knock out about 50 dresses in a day. 我们一天能完成大约50条连衣裙Our team was knocked out in the second run. 我们队在第二轮比赛中被淘汰。
其他固定短语：
knock down 把……撞倒knock at/on 敲
knock into 撞到……身上,把……敲进去knock out of 把…从……中敲出来knock off 下班，降价knock around / about到处漫游
3. get out of control 摆脱控制be out of control 失去控制
beyond control 无法控制lose control of …失去对…的控制under control 在控制之下
in the control of 在…的控制下/管理下take control of … 控制…，管理…
keep …under control 对…加以控制
in charge of… 掌管/控制…i n the charge of … 被…掌管/控制in possession of … 拥有…in the possession of … 被…拥有
4. as far as we know 据我们所知as far as I can see 就我看来
as far as sb. / sth. be concerned 就某人/某事而言
as far as the eye can see 就视力所能及
5. absorb vt. 本意: 吸收(水分, 光声等), 消减(震动)
引申义: 接受（看法、知识等），吸引（注意力精力等）
Dry sand absorb water. 干沙吸水
Buffers absorbed most of the shock. 缓冲器大大减少震动。
Clever children absorb new knowledge easily. 聪明的孩子容易接受新知识。词组：be absorbed in 专注于
学生们专心致志地读书。___________________________________________ “注意力集中于…” 的表示法：
be devoted to … 专心于…be lost in … 全神贯注于…
concentrate on … 注意力集中于…focus on…注意力集中于…
be buried in… 全神贯注于…put one’s heart into…全神贯注于…
___________ in his work, Tom simply forget food and sleep. (absorb)
6. break down此处意为―分解‖。另外，break down还可意为―（机器或车辆等）出故障；（谈判等）失败；(身体等)垮掉‖。
break down
(a) （因机械、电力等故障）停止运转, 失灵, 失效:
The telephone system_______________. 电话系统失灵了。
We (ie Our car) ____________on the motorway.
我们（的汽车）在高速公路上抛锚了。
(b) 失败; 崩溃; 瓦解; 垮:
Negotiations between the two sides _________________. 双方谈判已经破裂。
If law and order_______________, anarchy will result.
法治一垮, 就会出现无政府状态。
(c)（指某人健康状况）变得恶劣; 垮:
Her health ____________ under the pressure of work.
工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。
(d) lose control of on e’s feelings 感情失去控制:
他听到这个消息时不禁痛哭起来。___________________________________ break in 闯入；插嘴break into 破门而入
break out (火灾，战争等)爆发，发生break up 打碎；瓦解
break off 中断，暂停
7. arise vi. 发生，出现arise from/out of 由…引起，由…产生
Accidents often arise from carelessness.
8.
联想：prevent…(from) doing / stop …(from) doing / keep…from doing 阻止…做
9. bring…back to life 使…复活
10. The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that it describes a terrifying
future world that is becoming more and more possible.
The reason why/for which …is/ was that …的原因是…
The reason ___ you failed, I think, was ___ you had turned a deaf ear to your teacher’s advice.
A. why; because
B. why; that
C. which; that
D. that; because
导学案6 Cultural Corner 67-68
Ability goals能力目标
Enable the students to know more about the possible development of cloning.
《美丽新世界》是非常著名的政治小说,被称为反乌托邦三部曲之一,另外两部为:
1920 俄国扎米亚京《我们》1948 英国奥威尔《一九八四》
正面乌托邦三部曲：
1516 英国莫尔《乌托邦》1601 意康帕内拉《太阳城》
1619 德安德里亚《基督城》
Language points:
1. …it became a subject of much discussion…
it was talked about much… 成为议论的中心
2. The reason why … is that…
The reason ______ he didn’t win the match is _____ he was too nervous.
3. violence n. (u)暴力，暴力行为violent adj.
Too much violence on TV is bad for children.
do violence to 对…施暴They do violence to prisoners.
4. The first is that people are no longer born from human beings. 首先就是人不再由人生出来。
其他短语：be born into/to 出生在……的家庭
弗兰克生在一个富有的家庭。____________________________________
be born with… 天生有……
他天生就有绘画的天赋。_____________________________
be born to be/do sth. 天生适合做……
琼天生就是作歌手的料。_____________________________
5. The second group, the Betas, also have good positions in society.
position此处表示―地位，等级‖。另外，position还可意为―位置；职务；姿势；
处境；意见‖等。
我哥哥在一家外企找到一份好工作。__________________________________ What’s your position on this question?你对这个问题意见如何？
From their ______ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city. （陕西2009）
A. stage
B. position
C. condition
D. situation
6. likes and dislikes 好恶，爱憎
7. be happy with…: be satisfied with… 对……感到满意
经理对今年的销售额相当满意。______________________________________
9. feel strong emotion 感受到强烈的感情
10. These questions have become more important than ever.
这些问题变得比以往更加重要。
A sample dialogue:
F = Frankenstein; C = Clerval
F: I’ve recently created a new life. But out of my expectation, it is ugly and disgusting.
C: What? A new life? You must be joking!
F: It’s true. The creature quite resembles a human being and is intelligent and has human emotions.
C: Incredible! What is it like?
F: Well, it is huge and strong, extremely ugly and terrifies all those who see it.
C: But why did you create such a creature?
F: I firmly believe human beings were not made by god or anything supernatural. I’ve found the secret o f life and put it into experiments. And now I’ve succeeded.
C: Anyway, I wonder how you did it.
F: I made it by piecing bones and brains from dead bodies together and then gave it life by exhibiting it to electricity created by a thunderstorm.
C: Do you love your creation?
F: Absolutely not. He is the ugliest thing I have ever seen. You can see the veins beneath his yellow skin. His hair is black and his teeth are white. But these things contrast horribly with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips. I have tried to make it beautiful. Beautiful! I have worked for nearly two years with one aim only, to give life to a lifeless body. For this I have not slept and I have destroyed my health. I have wanted it more than anything in the world. But now I have finished and the beauty of dream disappeared, and horror and disgust filled my heart.
C: Then you feel regretful about what you did, right?
F: Yes. I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!
C: Maybe you can destroy it.
F: No. I have not seen him for some days and do not know where he is. Would you like to go with me to find and destroy him?
C: Sure. Let’s go!
Writing
Sample version 1:
If I had the powers, I wouldn’t ba n cloning, but I would only allow research to be done on certain animals. I would do this because scientists don’t know enough about cloning yet. For example, they don’t know why cloned animals die so quickly. Once they had done plenty of research and were able to create cloned animals easily and cheaply, then I would allow scientists to experiment
on humans. But I wouldn’t let them just clone people as they wished; they would only be able to use their knowledge and skills in certain situations —for example, for
people who lost a child and weren’t able to have another.
Sample version 2:
If I had the power, I would ban cloning for several reasons. Firstly, it is against nature and dangerous. Any living things have life and death recycle periods, which promote the evolution of life. The cloning technique is extremely risky right now. An abnormal baby would be a nightmare that comes true. And people are worried about the possibility that the genetic material used from the adult will continue to age so that the genes in a newborn baby clone could be 30 years old or more on the day of birth. Also monsters may be created by mistake. Secondly, people are afraid of that scientists will create thousands of copies of the same person. There are powerful leaders in every generation who will seek to abuse this technology for their own purposes. Going ahead with cloning technology makes this far more likely. What would happen if Hitler was cloned? That would mean more severe disasters and destruction upon human civilization. Thirdly, cloning will result in high emotional risks. Just think: a child grows up knowing her mother is her sister, her grandmother is her mother. Her father is her brother-in-law. Every time her mother looks at her she is seeing herself growing up. The family environment and relationship will be totally different. What kind of pressures will the child feel?
All in all, I would determinedly ban cloning if I had the power.
Sample version 3:
If I had the power, I would encourage cloning. There are several reasons. Firstly, cloning will be beneficial to humans. For example, if a couple can’t have children, cloning could help give them a child. Secondly, we could use cloning to cure illnesses. For example, if there is something wrong with some part of a human body, we could clone a healthy one to replace it. For another, if a child is seriously ill or disabled, we could clone another one. Thirdly, clone technology could be used in other ways. For example, we can save the endangered animals by cloning.
In a word, cloning technology has a promising future. I would encourage it if I had enough power.
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
Unit 1 Art Reading I. Warming up 1. What kind of art can you see in life? 2. Can you name some famous painting and painters? 3. If you could have four kinds of these paintings on the walls of your bedroom, which kind would you like to choose? Give your reasons. II. Reading ◆Fast reading Task one: Listen to the tape and answer the following questions. 1. How many styles of Western painting are mentioned in the text? What are they? ◆Careful reading Task two: Read the passage carefully and choose the right answer foe each question. 1. According to the text，it’s less likely that art is influenced by________. A. social changes B. agriculture production C. lifestyle changes D. beliefs of people 2. When did painters mainly focus on religion? A. From 5th to 15th century AD. B. From 15th to 16th century. C. From late 19th to early 20th century. D. From 20th century to today. 3. According to the text, the painters during the Renaissance _______. ①adopted a more humanistic attitude to life ②discovered the rules of perspective ③developed oil paints ④broke away from the traditional style of painting A. ①③④ B. ②③④ C. ①②④ D. ①②③ 4. It can be inferred that classical Roman and Greek ideas were________． A．imaginary B．realistic C．ridiculous D．abstract
最新外研版高中英语选修九期末检测试卷附答案 一、单项选择 1．-1 hear you've got a set of valuable coins.___________ I have a look? -Yes, certainly. A．Will B．May C．Shall D．Should 2．Clothing made of man-made materials has advantage over ____ made of natural ones like cotton, wool or silk. A．one B．What C．that D．the ones 3．“It is the realization of the Chinese Dream ______ put forward by Chairman Xi ______ presents a vision for national revival and contributes to a new global landscape”, said foreign experts at a dialogue Saturday in Shanghai. A．which; that B．that; / C．/; which D．/; that 4．_____ its role in social education, the Palace Museum is quitting its admission fee for special groups on certain dates. A．Fulfill B．Having fulfilled C．To fulfill D．Fulfilled 5．I was not sure _______ I had the qualification for the job, but I applied for it anyway. A．that B．whether C．what D．how 6．— Lucy looks so upset. She ______ the driving test. — It is the second time that she has failed in the test. A．can’t pass B．mustn’t pass C．can’t have passed D．mustn’t have passed 7．The Beatles, the supreme rock and roll band of the 1960s, were in many ways pioneers for ______ was to come, like holding concerts in sports stadiums. A．which B．what C．whoever D．that 8．--- What an easy examination paper , isn’t it ? --- Quite right. How I regretted that I _____ such a silly mistake! A．could have made B．would have made C．should have made D．might have made 9．---I’m planning to go to Kingdom of Cambodia this summer vacation. I think the trip will be exciting. ---___________, as it’s the rainy season then. A．Yes, it will B．Of course not C．You can say so D．It’s hard to say
编号：WHGZYYXX6-U2-001 高二英语选修6 Unit 2 Poems Period 1 Warming up and reading 班级_________ 组名________姓名_________ 【学习目标】 1.知识目标：初步了解中英文诗歌的异同，并能简单分析英语诗歌的特色。 2.能力目标：听辨录音，吟诵诗歌，翻译大义，鉴赏英语诗歌之美。 3.情感目标：诗以言志，歌诗合为事而作，方言儿歌的教育功能。 【重点难点】 重点: 把握中英诗歌异同中的同，并且学会分析欣赏英语诗歌的三美。 难点: 在中英诗歌对照的前提下欣赏英语诗歌的意象美、音乐美、视觉美。【学法指导】朗诵，吟唱，赏析，讨论，仿写。 【学习过程】 【知识链接】 1. 诗歌是由意象美、音乐美、视觉美构成的三维复合型艺术系统，其中音乐美 包含音韵美、节奏美、旋律美。 2. 王建(约767-830年),唐代诗人,字仲初,颍川(今河南许昌)人,享年约六十七 岁。家贫,“从军走马十三年”,出身寒微，曾任陕州司马，世称王司马。他写了大量的乐府，同情百姓疾苦，与张籍齐名。 3. 据南宋刘义庆《幽明录》记载：“武昌阳新县北山上有望夫石，状若人立。相 传昔有贞妇，其夫从役，远赴国难，妇携弱子饯送至此，望夫而化为石，因此为名焉。” 4. 英语修辞格(figures of speech):Alliteration(头韵) Assonance(双声/叠韵) Personification (拟人) Antithesis(对照/对偶) Repetition (重复) Allusion(典故/引喻) Step 1【自主预习】 1. poem ____________ 2. poetry ______________ 3. rhyme _______________ 4．rhythm __________ 5.repetition __________ 6. contradictory __________ 7. recite __________ 8. concrete ____________ 9. imaginative ____________ 10. nursery rhymes ________________________ 11. mockingbird ____________ 12. diamond ring __________ 13. brass__________ 1 4.billy-goat _____________ 1 5. transform into ________ 1 6. day by day ____________ 17. revolve _______________ 18. utter speech __________ Step 2【课堂导入】 Quiz for common sense of poetry (诗歌常识小测试)→ PPT Step 3【合作探究】 1.How to appreciate the beauty of poetry?(怎样欣赏诗歌的美？) _________________________________________________________________
期末综合练习 Ⅰ. 单项选择。（每小题1分，共15分） 1. He________ French. A. applied himself to learn B. applied himself to learning C. applied himself for learning D. applied his mind for learning 2. —This passage is difficult for me. Could you please explain it to me? —I’m afr aid I have to say sorry. The book is ______ me. A. beyond B. over C. after D. off 3. Since he often travels on business, he can______ himself to sleeping in any place he can find. A. devote B. accustom C. force D. reduce 4. Sorry we're late--we _________ the wrong turning. A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. are taking 5. Along the path________ , on which _______ "Keep off the grass". A. stood some signs; was written B. stood some signs; wrote C. some signs stood; was written D. some signs stood; wrote 6. _________ should you approach the man. A. Under no circumstances B. Under no circumstance
高中英语选修6 Unit 1 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal, from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the
第一学期期末考试 高二英语试卷 注：卷面分值150分；时间：120分钟。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Peng Liyuan，wife of President Xi Jinping, has drawn extensive attention from people both at home and abroad for her charm and grace/politeness. Accompanying her husband on his first overseas trip after becoming president, Peng Liyuan showed a pleasant personality and well-chosen dress, creating the “Liyuan style”. Peng Liyuan, as one of China’s best-known singers, was popular among Chinese people long before her husband became the president. Loved by her fans, she has been in touch with the people for years. “Liyuan style” first lies in her dressing style. The beautiful handbags Peng has carried, and the plain but elegant dresses she has worn have become popular. Her choice of clothing, made-in-China instead of luxurious foreign brands, shows her belief in domestic dress designs. But “Liyuan style” is not only about clothing. It is also about diplomacy and promoting China’s soft power. In Moscow, Peng visited a boarding school for orphans and children away from their parents, encouraging them to struggle for a better life, which brought out the maternal side of her character. In Tanzania, she donated sewing machines and school bags to women and children. And as a World Health Organization ambassador in the fight against AIDS, Peng is devoted to many public causes, including those relating to charity and healthcare. 1. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “domestic”? A. of elegance B. popular C. of own country D. foreign 2. This passage is mainly about__________. A. President Xi’s wife Peng B. a cultural phenomenon named as “Liyuan style” C. Peng Liyuan’s charming character D. the achievements of Peng on charity and healthcare. 3. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. “Liyuan style” is only a fashion idol. B. Peng Liyuan, as the wife of President Xi, admires lots of luxurious brands. C. Peng firstly appears in the publ ic as the “First Lady” in Moscow. D. Peng Liyuan is willing to fight against AIDS and become an ambassador of WHO. B Volunteering Just like the animals we shelter, people are very special to us. The Animal Shelter of Sacramento County has 300 active volunteers and always wants to add more. If you have a few hours each week and a love for dogs and cats, we at the shelter welcome your coming. Children 10 years of age or older are allowed to take part in some of our programs as youth volunteers when accompanied (陪伴) by an adult. The adult car be a parent, or guardian (监护人) 18 years of age or olden Youth V olunteer Opportunities Youth volunteers may fill the position of dog nuzzler, cat snuggler, or kennel aide, if there are openings. Please call our volunteer information hotline at 800-290-5992 to hear a recording of the positions available. Dog Nuzzlers
高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** 选修9测试题（1） 第一部分听力（略） 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分） 第一节单项选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 21．When the spaceship traveled above, new-looking earth appeared before us, earth that we had never seen before. A．a; the B．the; an C．/; the D．a; an 22．The interview went better than I thought it would. Sometimes I thought I caught something hostile in her answers but she behaved very on the whole. A．reasonably B．casually C．confidently D．strangely 23．－What about the washing machines in this store? －They are at least as good as, if not , those at other stores. A．superior than B．superior to C．more superior to D．more superior than 24．It is the test system, rather than the teachers, that for the heavy burden of middle school students nowadays. A．is to blame B．are to blame C．is to be blamed D．are to be blamed 25．How animals can sleep all through the winter is connected the main use the body makes of food to supply the energy for movement. A．to; what B．to; how C．with; that D．with; as 26．to climbing the steep mountains, he had no difficulty reaching the top. A．Accustomed B．To be accustomed C．Accustoming D．Being accustomed 27．The environmentalists and wild goats’on the vast grasslands was an indication of the good environment. A．escape B．absence C．attendance D．appearance 28．I would rather they during the bad weather, but they insist that they home today.
选修六 Unit 1 △realistic adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的abstract adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 sculpture n. 雕塑 △sculptor n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 gallery n. 美术陈列室；画廊 faith n. 信任；信心；信念 faithfully adv. 忠实地 △consequently adv. 所以；因而 aim n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 conventional adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的 evident adj. 明显的；明白的 △Giotto di Bondone 乔托（意大利画家、雕刻家、建 筑师） △renaissance n. 新生；复兴；复活 △the Renaissance 文艺复兴（时期） adopt vt. 采用；采纳；收养 △humanistic adj. 人道主义的 possess vt. 拥有；具有；支配 possession n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 superb adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 △perspective n. 透视画法；透视图；观点technique n. 技术；方法；技能 △Masaccio 马萨乔（意大利画家） coincidence n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事 等）相合 by coincidence 巧合地 △masterpiece n. 杰作；名著 △impressionism n. 印象主义； 印象派△impressionist adj. 印象派的n. 印象派艺术家 △post-impressionist adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派 艺术家 a great deal 大量 shadow n. 阴影；影子 ridiculous adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 controversial adj. 争论的；争议的 attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 on the other hand (可是)另一方面 predict vt. 预言；预告；预测 △landscape n. 风景；景色 specific adj. 确切的；特定的 figure n. 画像；身材；数字 clay n. 黏土 △critic n. 评论家；批评者 △bronze n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 marble n. 大理石 △Mona Lisa 蒙娜丽莎（达芬奇所作的一幅著名肖像 画） △Leonardo da Vinc i 列奥纳多?达?芬奇（意大利著名 画家） carve vt. 雕刻；刻记 delicate adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 △Michelangelo 米开朗基罗（意大利文艺复兴雕刻家、 画家、建筑师和诗人） △canvas n. 帆布；画布 △Picasso 毕加索（西班牙画家） cafén. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 allergic adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 △effectively adv. 有效地 exhibition n. 展览；陈列；展览会 aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的 scholar n. 学者 flesh n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 in the flesh 活着的；本人 △Matisse 马蒂斯（法国画家） geometry n. 几何学 bunch n. 束；串 △ Manhattan n. 曼哈顿岛；曼哈顿区（纽约市中心） avenue n. 林荫道；道路；大街 preference n. 喜爱；偏爱 △Guggenheim Museum 古根海姆博物馆 △display vt. 展示；陈列；显露 appeal vi. 有感染力；呼吁；求助vt. 将……上诉 n. 呼吁；恳求 appeal to （对某人）有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣 fragile adj. 精细的；易碎的；脆弱的 △circular adj. 圆形的；环形的；循环的 △metropolitan adj. 主要都市的；大城市的 reputation n. 名声；名誉 civilization n. 文明；文化；文明社会 Egypt n. 埃及（东北非国家） Egyptian adj. 埃及的；埃及人的 visual adj. 视觉的；看得见的 fragrant adj. 香的；令人愉快的 △Monet 莫奈（法国画家） △Whitney 惠特尼 △Madison n. 麦迪逊 contemporary adj. 当代的； 同时代的 permanent adj. 永久的；持久的 district n. 区；区域；行政区 committee n. 委员会 signature n. 署名；签字 Unit 2 △poetry n. 诗（总称）；诗意 tick vt. 给……标记号
波峰中学高二英语课前作业A 姓名班级组别编制陈颖娴时间2017-11 编号12审批樊建 【学习目标】 Language Aim: Enable students to learn and grasp the important useful new words and expressions. Ability Aim: Get students to use some useful new words and expressions correctly. 【目标训练】 目标一：课文语法填空 As is 1._____________ (know) to all, art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people . 2._____________ (style) in Western art have changed many times. During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was 3.______________ (represent) religious themes. 4.______ ______ a result, some pictures at this time were full of religious symbols, 5._____________ created a feeling of respect and love for God. During the Renaissance, people began to concentrate less 6.____________ religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude 7.______________ life. In the late 19th century, some painters became the Impressionists. And they were the first painters 8.___________ (work) outdoors. Paintings can reflect the 9.____________ (develop) of civilization, and it is 10.__________(interest) to predict what styles of paintings there will be in the future, why not try to visit some art galleries to appreciate different styles of paintings？ 1.______________ 2._____________ 3._____________ 4._____________ 5._______________ 6.______________ 7.______________ 8.____________ 9._______________ 10._____________ 目标二：单词、短语、重难点突破 1.adopt vt. 收养，领养；采纳，采用 教材原句：People began to ___________ less on religious themes and __________a more humanistic attitude _________ life.
Module 1 small talk 闲谈，聊天 informal adj. 非正式的 serious adj. 严肃的 confidently adv. 自信地 make friends 交朋友，建立友谊 lack v. 缺乏，缺少 (be) nervous about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安 advance adj. 预先的，在前的 think of 想起，回忆起 nod v. 点头 body language 身体语言，肢体语言 yawn v. 打呵欠 sigh v. 叹气，叹息 look away from 把目光从……移开 social rules 社交规则 in addition 除此之外，另外 find out 了解（到）；找出（信息）opportunity n. 机会 obligation n. 责任；义务 prize n. 奖品，奖金 application n. 申请 form n. 表格 immigration n. 移民 visa n. 签证 impolite adj. 不礼貌的 tidy v. 使……整洁，整理 refund n. 退款 favour n. 恩惠，照顾 reception n. 欢迎会；招待会 embassy n. 使馆 certain pron. 某些 reply n. 回答，答复，回信 saleswoman n. 女推销员，女销售员 firm n. 公司 fax n. 传真（机） outspoken adj. 直言不讳的，坦率的，不客气的human being 人类 motto n. 座右铭，格言 put one’s foot in one’s mouth 犯使人难堪的错误，说错话 shortcoming n. 缺点，短处 absence n. 缺乏，不存在 as a consequence 因此，结果 systematic adj. 非偶然的，经常的 coincidence n. 巧合 customer n. 顾客，客户 mature adj. 成熟的 awkward adj. 尴尬的tease v. 戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄 typist n. 打字员 contradict v. 反驳 pregnant adj. 怀孕的 apology n. 道歉，致歉 cautious adj. 谨慎的，慎重的，小心的acquaintance n. 熟人 messy adj. 棘手的，难办的 divorce n. 离婚，离异 cheer sb. up 使某人高兴/振作起来 fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 clerk n. 职员，办事员 haircut n. 发型，发式 anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何 modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的 brunch n. 早午餐（早餐与午餐合并吃的一餐）anniversary n. 周年纪念日 hostess n. 女主人 interrupt v. 打断 leave out 省去，删去 factual adj. 实际的，事实的，确实的 genuine adj. 纯粹的，真正的，真实的hospitable adj. 好客的，殷勤的 secretive adj. 秘而不宣的，隐藏的 violate v. 骚扰，妨碍，侵犯 define v. 解释，给……下定义 (be) aware of 知道 take the lead 带头，领先 graciously adv. 优雅地 show off 炫耀 function n. 功能 psychologist n. 心理学家 successful adj. 成功的 formula n. 法则；原则 imagine v. 想象 purpose n. 目的 circumstance n. 情形，情况 apologise v. 道歉 comfortable adj. 舒适的，舒服的