四级阅读理解100难句分类、结构分析与翻译
By New Oriental
四级阅读理解的难度在很大程度上取决于句子结构，所以考试之前对四级真题中的句型、从句和特殊句法有深入了解的话，阅读的难度就大大降低。为此，作者根据多年的教学经验，根据最新四级大纲对句子结构的要求，从真题中挑选了100个较难的句子，进行结构分析，给出参考译文，为考生在考试中扫除句子结构这只拦路虎一臂之力。
请大家精读纯英文先，句子解析在后
1. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.
2. There is another conversation, which from our point of view is equally important, and that has to do not with what is read but with how it is read.
3. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-hearted house-while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
4. The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant.
5. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
6. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all his answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.
7. Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course, which he attends, gives him a credit, which he may count towards a degree.
8. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.
9. A breakthrough in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC’s research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC’s scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.
10. Mr.Gretz calculates that solar energy only provided three percent of the EEC’s needs; this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year.
11. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state.
12. Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble”when the display came on.
13. Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question.
14. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
15. When children understand that the light of the lighting flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval between the flash and the crash to learn how close they were to the actual spark.
16. Most people would agree that, although our age exceeds all previous ages in knowledge, there has been no corresponding increase in wisdom.
17. When they get sick, we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients- even when those patients are their parents.
18. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean the ways in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks and feels that make that individual different form others.
19. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at
work and school.
20. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
21. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure.
22. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of
a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power.
23. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
24. A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement spread ever farther westward.
25. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer’s favor, assuming he or she has a just claim.
26. People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in.
27. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough could be achieved by the end of the next decade.
28. And he believes that with the possibility of utilizing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community’s future energy needs.
29. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation.
30. The sight of Barney Clark- alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal and plastic pump- convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived.
31. Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.
32. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
33. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
34. Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea.”
35. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process.
36. For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies- and other creatures- learn to do things because certain cats lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true.
37. But is used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives”as thirst or hunger.
38. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role.
39. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.
40. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
41. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake-resistant buildings.
42. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds.
43. In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance based points towards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
44. The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable.
45. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them.
46. The reader puts questions, as it were, to the text and gets answers.
47. Britain almost more than any other country in the world must seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.
48. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.
49. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?
50. We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning.
51. Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand.
52. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.
53. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor.
54. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
55. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
56. It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.
57. It is precisely this kind of conversation that is of importance when we are seeking to develop our reading to meet the new demands being placed upon us by studying at a higher level.
58. It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a time challenges explanation.
59. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.
60. What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
61. The senior West German scientist in charge of the Community’s solar energy program, Mr.Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three per cent of the Community’s energy requirements even after the year 2000.
62. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned.
63. Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar to today’s young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs.
64. It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.
65. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on.
66. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.
67. There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.
68. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
69. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right.
70. However, even though we mentioned the fact growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.
71. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
72. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.
73. But some people are already worried that they’ll work- and that America’s overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients.
74. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on”a display of lights and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns one side.
75. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights, which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
76. Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received through his lifetime.
77. Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to fide out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well.
78. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.
79. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak.
80 One problem with two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves.
81.The reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves.
82. “The point is, you need to do both”, Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”
83. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage- a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren.
84. The most you can say about anyone’s preference is that it’s one person’s opinion. These were people who thought they’d have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand.
85. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat.
86. In most situations where music is performed in our culture it is not difficult to distinguish the audience from the performers, but such is often not the case in Africa.
87. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways.
88. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.
89. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports.
90. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
91. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.
92. After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage can death toll could have been much worse.
93. On September 5 his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosses’warnings, left work to march from Union Square up Fifth Avenue to 42 Street.
94. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah.
95. In short, what is wrong with Britain may also be what is right.
96. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster.
97. We asked them to tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the
participants’choices with what mere guess-work could have accomplished.
98. The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers’respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger.
99. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden and on the high cost per unit of accommodation.
100. Consequently, most of the world’s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary.
句子解析
1.对大多数人来说，海洋是遥远的，除了早期飘洋过海旅行的人或靠海谋生的人之外，没有什么理由询问有关海洋的问题，更谈不上询问海洋有什么之类的问题。
2. 依我们看，还有另一种对话同样重要，它与所读的内容无关，而与阅读的方式有关。
3. 每年冬天，上百万台冰箱不断的嗡嗡作响，花费很大，在人工制热的房间里忙碌地维持着一个人工制冷的空间，而在室外，自然免费提供理想的温度。
4. 冰箱对人类幸福贡献不多，但他对环境的影响到是不小。
5. 但是，驾驶员有责任让座在前排的14岁以下的乘客系上某种安全带，否则不得坐在前排。
6. 当然，如果计算机得出的全部答案均需复查一遍，花钱买计算机就毫无意义。不过人们也应该信赖自身内部的计算能力，一旦感觉到计算机得出的结果有不对之处，就必须进行复查。
7. 大学生通常必须修满一定数量的课程才能毕业，每修完一门课就得到相应的学分，累计到一定量便能拿到学位。
8. 这种评语可能是对该学生写作技巧的严厉批评，但同时也是对那个未曾仔细阅读学生作文的教师令人遗憾的做法的批评，因为作文中包含表达学生深刻感情的一些优美词句。
9. 在米兰附近的伊斯普拉的欧共体科学试验室进行太阳能试验的欧洲经济共同体资深科学家认为，只要略微增加欧洲经济共同体在利用太阳能方面的研究经费，就能使这方面的研究提前20年取得突破。
10. 格雷茨先生计算得出，即使太阳能只解决欧共体对能源需求的3%，每年也能为其节约价值约10亿英镑的进口能源所需的费用。
11. 贝斯以色列医院为每一位病人指派一名责任护士，责任护士要与指派给他的病人做深入交谈，并对病人的身体状况作全面纪录，内容包括从病史到病人情绪的一切事情。
12. 巴普塞克的现实等直接放在婴儿面前，她观察到如下有趣的现象：有时婴儿并不回头仔细看灯，但是灯亮的时候就会发出“哥哥的笑声”。
13. 通常，投诉如果既有礼貌，又很坚决又极有效，尤其是当消费者能说明有问题的商品的毛病所在时。
14. 因此，我们身处熟悉，安全的环境时就睡得好，而担心熊会闯入帐篷时就睡不好。
15. 假如孩子们明白闪电发出的光几乎同时到达他们的眼睛，而雷声约5秒钟才传播1英里，那他们就可以开始给闪电和雷声二者的间隔计时，以了解自己离实际火花的远近。
16. 大多数人都会同意这一看法：尽管当代在知识方面超越了过去所有的时代，但智慧方面并无相应的增加。
17. 他们生病时，我们把他们转到医院，而孩子们不许探望患有不治之症的病人，即使病人就是他们的父母也不行。
18. 我们所说的个性是指示个人与他人不同的行为，言谈，思维和感觉等方式。
19. 研究行为与结果之间的关系的行为主义者认为：奖励能提高工作和学习表现。
20. 研究精神生活各个方面的认知学派研究人员则认为：奖励促使学生对别人给予的肯定和礼物有依赖心理，常常会破环他们的创造性。
21. 如此巨大的数目过去常常使我们感到泄气，以至于放弃了制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人的想法，然而由于我们已经习惯于如此迅速的发展，我们不再认为没有可能制造具有人类大脑功能的机器人了。
22. 进一步展望未来，通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合，人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界。
23. 学生也能在攻读学位期间到其他学校修课，不过实际上通常不这么做。
24. 随着新拓居地不断向西推进，快速长途运输方式这个问题亟待解决。
25. 在这种情况下，假如消费者提出的要求合理，常常按对其有利的方法解决。
26. 假如人们面对的信息使他们思考自己感兴趣的事物，他们就会警觉起来，而且表现出较强的接受能力。
27. 但是他指出欧洲经济共同体在这方面的研究经费只要在现有水平上略微增加，到下个十年的末期就有可能取得突破。
28. 他认为如果能在这方面采用更先进的技术，满足欧共体未来能源需求的比例可能更大。
29. 但是随着人们重新关注杀虫剂对农产品的影响，以及红外线扫描技术的改进，Paley希望能重操旧业。
30. 新闻界，公众和许多医生看到巴尼克拉克以一个金属和塑料制成的人造心脏换下自己患病的心脏后仍然或者，并且头脑清醒，于是他们相信患者们的光明未来已经到来。
31. 试图探索婴儿从发声到开始说话的过程是十分困难的。
32. 问题是中模仿到了什么程度可以算是讲话了。
33. 假如不那么做，你可能被送上法庭，导师如果你不能向法庭证明你有理由可以不系安全带，你将会被罚款。这一点你必须牢记在心。
34. 海洋学被定义为“综合应用所有科学学科对海洋进行的研究”。
35. 然而，令人遗憾的是，很少有人试图给处于这个再社会化过程中的父亲提供教育。
36. 过去一段时间以来人们普遍接受一种观点，即婴儿和其他生物学做某些动作，是因为做这些动作可以得到“奖赏”——没有理由怀疑这一点的正确性。
37. 过去人们也普遍相信“产生预期效果的奖赏”都与人的基本生理需要，如口渴，饥饿等直接相关，至少在婴儿时期如此。
38. 有些作家认为，(丈夫向)父亲角色的转变尽管困难，但不如妻子必须向母亲角色转变那么大。
39. 它把城镇和人们相互联系起来，对统一美国起了促进作用。
40. 尽管写美国母亲的书很多，但是文学指示最近才开始关注父亲的角色。
41 他们的绘图板上钉着改进的防震楼的设计蓝图。
42. 艾森伯格认为：如果一个老师不断地要求学生把注意力放在奖励上，并对一般的成绩也大方的送以高分，最终只能培养出没有创造力的学生。
43. 德拉华大学心理学家指出：对小学生运用所谓的象征性奖励制度，即学生解决一定要动脑筋才能解决的问题，同时根据表现的好坏得到一定的分数，直到获得宝贵的奖赏，这有望使学生更加努力，更好发挥创造性。
44. 海底电缆铺好了，但是直到1866年这条通讯线路才最终完成并可靠的运行。
45. 美国食品和药物管理局对贾维克7号的生产过程进行观察，并审阅它对大约150人（大多数人士临时使用）的影响后，得出结论，认为贾维克7号对生命的危害大于其救命的作用。
46. 读者向本文提问并得到答案，过去就是如此。
47. 英国和世界上几乎任何其他国家相比，都必须更加严峻地面对建筑物向高空发展的问题，即给其相当多的人口提供高层公寓的问题。
48. 从前我们的公寓都是低薪阶层居住，缺少应有的方便设施，如暖气，不间断的热水供应，从顶层到底层的电梯等等，以及细微但重要的东西，如一层处理尘土与垃圾的方便设备和婴儿车存放地，顶层小孩们的游乐场和衣服的晾衣晒场地。
49. 不管人类如何做相反的假装，他仍旧是自然的一部分。它能逃避遍布世界的污染吗？
50. 我们知道，即使是一次性的受到大量杀虫剂的污染，也可以引起其严重的中毒。
51. 要准确无误的确认4种样品的品牌不是一件轻而易举的事，但是我们认为，对这批自信能认出自己品牌的人来说似乎也不应该太难。
52. 我曾任教的学校没有一所忽略拼写教学或认为拼写是一种不重要的基本技能。
53. 倘若BI医院的某种治疗方案对病人没有效果，责任护士通常会向医生建议改变治疗方案。
54. 婴儿学做某些动作，是因为这些动作在周围世界产生成功结果（而不是带来单纯满足生理需要的奖赏）
55. 在一生中某个时刻看到一位女士穿着薄薄的衣衫在严寒的日子里冻得发抖，或穿着高跟鞋在雪地里步履艰难的择路而行，几乎没有一位男士不发笑的。
56. 大西洋电报公司与1853年向美国海军中一位名叫Maury的人请教着方面的信息。
57. 我们为了达到较高层次学习的新要求而努力提高阅读水平时，具有重要性的正是这种对话。
58. 人人都认为小孩子学说话不是一项简单的任务，而且小孩子能在这么短的时间内学会说话这一事实本身是很难解释的。
59. 一旦人们离开大气层，就会直接暴露在太阳辐射之中。但是如果穿上宇航服，或者呆在航天器内，就能免遭辐射之害。
60. 制冷确实对有些东西的营销有促进作用——把硬件（指冰箱），电，软饮料以及屠宰后的牲畜销往世界各地，以获得好价钱。
61. 负责欧共体太阳能项目的德国资深科学家J格雷茨告诉记者们说，按照目前的科研预算，即使是到了2000年以后，太阳能也不大可能达到欧共体能源需求的3%。
62. 就英国而言，公寓式住房与住宅式住房之间可能仍要激烈的近行下去，而且短时间内不会解决。
63. 由于没有把学生英语水平滑坡的关注看成是两代人之间的必然现象，而是看做今天的年轻人所特有的问题，人们自然会说今天的英语教师不能胜任工作。
64. 据说英国人反对这种居住方式，但是倘若情况如此的话，那么，实际上，英国人确实不同于今天世界上大多数国家的居民。
65. 人们认为婴儿和喜欢发出种种声响，从他们出生的头几个月发出的这种那种声音就可以分出是表示高兴还是不高兴，或者是表示愿意和人呆在一起还是不愿意等等。
66. 再现在看来似乎是计算机的史前时期，即第二次世界大战之后的年代里，人们普遍担心，有朝一日计算机将取代人类在世界上的地位。
67. 家长们普遍认为学校不再对拼写教学感兴趣。
68. 在此之前（指1866年）的几次电缆铺设都失败了。当人们将电缆从海底捞上来修复时，还发现上面覆盖了许多生物。这一事实批驳了当时海洋深处无生命的论点。
69. 他们只对外观感兴趣，并利用妇女们只要看起来漂亮就宁可忍受（时装带来的）许多不便这一弱点。
70. 然而，即使我们提到越来越多的妇女外出工作这一事实，父亲仍被许多人视为养家糊口的人。
71. 让我们铭刻在心的是，即使那些没有获知自己严重病情的病人也对可能的结局很清楚。
72. T.M.教授想弄清楚为什么日本北部一些本来应该很健康的农民在还未衰老之前就开始失去思维和推理能力以及如何才能延缓老化过程。
73. 但是有人已经开始担心他们（指一种新型人造心脏）一旦获得成功，美国负担过多的保健项目又会因给少数垂危病人购买这种装置而花掉25亿至50亿的宝贵开支。
74. 他很快就发现如果左右摆头能“点亮”显示灯，才出生4个月的婴儿不仅能学会左右摆头，而且还能学会相当复杂的摆头方式，如向一边连续摆两次或三次，只要这种摆头动作能“点亮”显示灯。
75. 巴普赛克得出结论：使婴儿们高兴的不是灯光，而是成功地解决问题和掌握技能；他还认为人类自身存在着一种内在的了解世界并力图有意识地对其加以控制的欲望。
76. 有关公共卫生官员已经指出化学制品的生物作用是长期积累的结果，而且它对人的危害大小取决于人一生中接受剂量的多少。
77. 为了弄清患有不治之症的病人能给我们提供的教诲以及我们如何更好地帮助病人及其家属，我和一些同事曾采访和跟踪报道了约2个250这样的病人。
78. 只是当有人建议铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报电缆时，人们才第一次必须从有什么商业价值这个角度回答“海洋深处有什么”这个问题。
79. 当你一天中感到精力最充沛时，你的体温正好处于整个能量周期的高峰。Climax apex top summit.
80. 遭禁模型的一个问题是，用以连接它和外部电源的通道容易引起感染。
81. 许多成年人难以向小孩们解释这两种自然奇迹，原因是他们自己对他们的理解就不够。
82. 科恩说：“问题在于你的兼顾二者，脑力活动实际上影响脑细胞的健康和大小。”
83. 问题是极难确定辐射造成的伤害。一个人在受到辐射以后，可能感觉良好，但他的生殖器官细胞可能受到伤害，而且这种伤害直到他的第一代畸形儿，甚至孙辈畸形儿出生之后才得以确定。
84. 就任何个人的爱好而言，充其量也只能说是他个人的意识。这些人都认为在两种品牌的饮料中试尝出自己喜欢的品牌易如反掌。
85. 要想卖掉一片能换来果腹之钱的小说是多么困难。
86. 在我们的文化环境中表演中表演音乐节目时候，大多数情况下不难将观众与表演者区分开来，但在非洲情况往往相反。
87. 洛杉矶伤亡相对较少，原因是地震发生在休假日的凌晨４点３１分，当时公路上车辆不多。
88. 同时，他们不仅学习如何思考问题，做出决定，分析评估，有效交际，而且也学习如何处理个人问题。
89. 最新设计不仅使用混凝土和钢材，还给楼房安装电脑。
90. 教师指出错误是对的，但是如果他首先关注学生的观点，然后对作文的拼写和书写表示失望，就可能给学生更大鼓励，使其不断提高。
91. 假如你在电梯里盯着一个陌生人，就会使对方感到极不自在，而你自己也可能感觉有点奇怪。
92. 地震方面的科学家值得庆幸的是：１９９４年洛杉矶发生强烈地震后，损失和伤亡比预想的要少。
93. 他的建议在９月５日产生了成效——当日估计有一万工人（其中大多数不顾老板的警告）参加罢工，从工会广场沿着第五大道游行到第４２街。
94. 他们于１８６９年在现在Utah州的Promontory会合。
95. 简而言之，英国不对的地方可能同时也是正确的。
96. 人们知道要摆脱那些看得见的未来灾难。
97. 我们要求他们说出每次喝的可乐品牌是可口可乐还是百事可乐，然后对他们的答案进行了统计分析，以便将其与随意猜测的可能结果进行比较。
98. 劳动日很快就被采纳了，更多的是表明国家立法者害怕激起工人阶级的愤怒，而不是体现了他们对工人阶级的尊重。
99. 反对建造公寓楼房的人所持论点主要的两个依据，一个是设想人人都愿意有一处带庭院的私家住房，另一个是单位公寓建筑造价很高。
100. 结果，世界上大部分冰箱都不是用在可能发挥些作用的热带国家里，而是用在气候温和，因此并不需要冰箱的富裕国家中。
Passage1 Reading leadership literature, you’d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be an effective leader. 读领导文学，你有时会认为每个人都有可能成为一个有效的领导者。 I don’t believe that to be true. In fact, I see way fewer truly effective leaders than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities. 我不相信这是真的。事实上，我认为真正有效的领导者的方式比我看到的人都陷在领导的职位上，遗憾的是他们自己的能力不称职，严重误导了他们。 Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to（追求）leadership in the first place. 对产生这种现象的原因一部分是由那些渴望缺乏诚实的自我评估（追求）放在首位的领导 We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dog position and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders. 我们都遇到了个人的类型，他们必须负责。无论是决策会议，篮球比赛，还是家庭外出，他们都不能不抓住领导的狗的地位，并紧紧抓住它，因为亲爱的生命。他们相信他们是天生的领袖。 Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine（神圣的）right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. A great leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it. 事实是，他们没有什么样的。真正的领导者不认为这是他们的神圣（神圣的）负责每次两个或两个以上的人在一起吧。恰恰相反。一个伟大的领导者会对每一个情况进行评估，并在他们的位置、情况和/或需要的情况下，只会负责。 Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motion somehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadership tool is
阅读理解 Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them. Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief. “No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life. As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships. Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection. 57.The second paragraph implies that . [A]teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems [B]a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship [C]human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging
英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译》的内容，具体内容：在英语学习过程中,阅读理解能力是学习 者发展语言能力的基础和手段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型,大学英语四级考试也不例外。大学英语四级阅读理解试题是试卷中 分值最重的题型，为了提... 在英语学习过程中,阅读理解能力是学习者发展语言能力的基础和手 段。国内的各类英语考试中几乎都有阅读理解题型,大学英语四级考试也 不例外。大学英语四级阅读理解试题是试卷中分值最重的题型，为了提高大家的阅读水平，下面是我为大家带来英语四级阅读理解基础练习，希望对大家的学习有所帮助! 英语四级阅读理解基础练习一： Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to "leave the nest" and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］ In this section there are four passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Mark your choice on your ANSWER SHEET. TEXT A As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe－sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them “pueblos”, which is Spanish for town.The people of the pueblos raised what are called “the three sisters”—corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain. The way of life of less settled groups was simpler and more strongly influenced by nature. Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animals such as small rabbits and snakes. In the Far North the ancestors of today’s Inuit hunted seals, walruses, and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocks of packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou. The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on the grasslands between the Rocky Mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted bison, commonly called the buffalo. Its meat was the chief food of these tribes, and its hide was used to make their clothing and covering of their tents and tipis. 16. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The architecture of early American Indian buildings. B. The movement of American Indians across North America. C. Ceremonies and rituals of American Indians. D. The way of life of American Indian tribes in early North America. 17. It can be inferred from the passage that the dwellings of the Hopi and Zuni were ___ A. very small B. highly advanced C. difficult to defend D. quickly constructed TEXT B Most earthquakes occur within the upper 15 miles of the earth’s surface. But earthquakes can and do occur at all depths to about 460 miles. Their number decreases as the depth increases. At about 460 miles one earthquake occurs only every few years. Near the surface earthquakes may run as high as 100 in a month, but the yearly average does not vary much. In comparison with the total number of earthquakes each year, the number of disastrous earthquakes is very small.[JP] The extent of the disaster in an earthquake depends on many factors. If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still stand no matter how much you shake the table. But if you build a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. An earthquake in Agadir, Morocco, was not strong enough to be recorded on distant instruments, but it completely destroyed the city. Many stronger earthquakes have done
大学英语四级阅读理解单500个 1、abase 贬低 2、abash 羞怯 3、abalone 鲍鱼 4、abate 减弱 5、abbreviate 缩写 6、abbreviation 缩写 7、abdicate 退位 8、abdomen 腹部 9、abduct 绑架 10、aberrant 反常的 11、aberration 像差 12、abet 教唆 13、abeyance 搁置 14、abhor 憎恶 15、abhorrent 可憎的 16、abiding 持久的 17、abject 卑鄙 18、abjure 放弃
19、ablaze 燃烧 20、ablution 洗礼 21、abnegate 放弃 22、abolish 废除 23、abolition 废除 24、abolitionist 废奴主义者 25、abominable 可恶的 26、abominate 可憎的 27、abomination 可憎的 28、aboriginal 原住民 29、abort 中止 30、abortive 流产 31、aboveboard 光明正大的 32、abrade 擦伤 33、abrasion 磨损 34、abrasive 磨料 35、abreast 并排 36、abridge 节略 37、abrogate 废除
38、abrupt 突然的 39、abruptly 突然 40、abscission 脱落 41、abscond 潜逃 42、absenteeism 旷工 43、absentminded 心不在焉的 44、absolve 赦免 45、abstain 弃权 46、abstemious 节俭的 47、abstract 摘要 48、absurd 荒谬的 49、abundance 丰度 50、abundantly 丰富 51、abuse 滥用 52、abut 邻接 53、abutment 桥台 54、abyss 深渊 55、accelerator 加速器 56、accessory 附件
专业四级考试阅读理解模拟练习试题 As many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe －sun baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes looked remarkably1 like modern apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quarters for perhaps a thousand people, along with store rooms for grain and other goods. These buildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defense2 against enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must have realized since they called them pueblos3 , which is Spanish for town. The people of the pueblos raised what are called the three sisters - corn, beans, and squash. They made excellent pottery4 and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they could hold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi and Zuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Water was so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborate ceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.
2013年12月份全国大学英语四级考试
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一 种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹 饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至 关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.
试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越 重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一 部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的， 中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.
试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】"你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而 中国人则会选茶， 相传， 中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶， 并用来治病， 在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今， 茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组 成部分。 【翻译答案】"Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.
试卷四：中国结
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2008.6. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. Our efforts will pay off if the result of the research ________________________ （能应用于新技术的开发） 88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ______________________（一定出 了毛病）with its operation system. 89．Leaving one’s job, _________________________（不管是什么工作）is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. 90．（与我成长的地方相比）_________________________，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.（直到他完成使命）___________________________ did he realize that he was seriously ill. . 2008.1. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。 87. ________________________ (多亏了一系列的新发明)，dotor can treat this disease successfully. 88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that _____________________(我比以前更 容易累了). 89. I am going to pursue this course, ________________________(无论我要作出什 么样的牺牲).
2010年专业四级英语真题（翻译） Passage 4（翻译） Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten. In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men’s house, separately from their wives and children. W omen prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband’s portion to the
全国英语四级考试方法和技巧（实用篇） 一．听力 1．短对话 ①.答案往往在后半人的话语中（带有转折词、原因词、总结性的 ），重点也会引申推出选项答案。 ②.从答案选项中推敲，往往关键词听到与材料一致的， 很可能是陷阱（答案往往是总结、规纳性、替换词、意思一致性） ③.场景考点（每年必考），即听关键词（材料中心词往往对应于相应的 场合）比如，看电影想到影剧院，吃、点菜想到餐馆，时间飞机定票等 想到机场更多得自己不断总结此类关键词。 以后便能条件反射迅速选出答案 总结：听懂抓住重点部分信息，关键中心词必须会把握（语气、转折性 、总结性词等后为主），答案以同义词转换 +意思一致，不改变义反映。切忌无中生有，凭主观来选择。 实在是没听懂或没把握住意思和中心词，看选项来确定（同词不选， 与对话内容无关不选，意思和其他完全不一致排除，带大写性关键词 独一的也不选） 更多在于根据真题总结，以上尽为参考和练习 (充分利用时间提前看题为之重要 ) 2．短文 正题：听到什么与选项对应，意思不变情况下往往是答案 此类型关键就是一个能听及时，准确，把握此特点那听到什么与选项 一致就是答案；另一点误区选项意思与文章无关、无中生有、作者主 观臆断、某一选项与其他选项无关、相差太大往往是误区项；还有一 点题目是按照文章顺序来的，答案也往往顺着题目来的。 总结重点：关键性、重点和中心词必须听到，听之前各选项一定有所 了解，确定中心词并带着它有针对性去听文章。更多在于自己的总结 ，以上仅为参考和供练习。 3 填词 听之前有所了解文章大意， 第一遍听把单一性词填个大概并写点第一句关键意思和单词 ;第二遍完全填满单词并附带着写下第一长句， 确定和大概写出第二、三句长句关键词 ; 第三遍校对单词，并尽量补满长句。 更多在于自己的总结和听写的练习。 二．仔细阅读 1. 做之前花一、二分钟了解大意思（必要） CET4知识点
2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目 许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。 Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy. 信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。 As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Informati on Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this ph enomenon, people holding different views. Some people think it is not necessary, for s tudents should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a nee d, because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Inf ormation Technology aroused public concern. "你要茶还是咖啡?"是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 "Would you like tea or coffee?" That’s a question people often asked when having meal. Most westerners will choose coff ee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea. According to legend, tea was discove red by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease . During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country. Tea drin king spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it s pread to Europe and America. Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an important part of Chine se tradition and culture. 中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或