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中美婚礼文化对比及文化融合

中美婚礼文化对比及文化融合
中美婚礼文化对比及文化融合

The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese

and American Wedding

By ******

A thesis submitted to AHPU in partial fulfillment of the requirement

for the degree of Bachelor of Arts

Under the Supervision of Lecturer

Yang Guangrong

Anhui Polytechnic University

CONTENTS

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

Abstract (3)

摘要 (5)

1. Introduction (6)

1.1 Research background (6)

1.2 Significance and structure of the study (7)

2. The cultural comparison of American and Chinese wedding (9)

2.1 Reasons for the differences between Chinese and American wedding customs (9)

2.2 Cultural comparison of American and Chinese wedding (11)

2.2.1 Total impression (11)

2.2.2 Bride's wedding dress (14)

2.2.3 Wedding banquet (16)

2.2.4 Wedding ceremony (18)

2.2.5 Wedding expense (20)

2.2.6 Other comparison of American and Chinese wedding (22)

3. The cultural fusion of American and Chinese wedding (24)

3.1 Reasons for the culture fusion (24)

3.1.1 Chinese development (24)

3.1.2 Globalization (24)

3.2 The cultural fusion of American and Chinese wedding in modern

society (25)

3.2.1 Wedding dress (25)

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

3.2.2 Wedding ceremony (27)

3.2.3 Place to hold the wedding (28)

4.Conclusion (30)

Acknowledgements (32)

Bibliography (33)

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and

American Wedding

Abstract

A wedding is a ceremony identifying the marriage relationship between husband and wife in public, so it is an important part of culture. Therefore, in almost every kind of social culture, there are some unique wedding customs. However, with the progress of society and the impact of globalization, the wedding cultures in China and America have been under mutual influence greatly.

On the basis of the current comparative study between Western and Chinese marriage culture, this thesis has a deep exploration on the wedding cultural differences between China and the United States through several aspects of the overall impression of the wedding, wedding dress, wedding banquet, wedding ceremony and wedding cost. In addition, with today's more frequent human exchanges and the interaction between Chinese and American culture, the Chinese and the American wedding cultures have integrated continuously. Cultural fusion of American and Chinese wedding has been observed in such aspects as the wedding dress, wedding ceremony, wedding cost and so on. More and more Chinese young people are seen to wear the Western white wedding dress rather than the Chinese traditional Coronet Xiapei on wedding day, while

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

some Western people choose to wear the Chinese traditional red dress instead of the white dress on wedding.

The study on the differences between American and Chinese marriage culture and cultural integration can help English-learners have a clear understanding of the historical and cultural background of the Chinese and American wedding. In addition, the study will strengthen the people's awareness of Western culture, thereby strengthen their cross-cultural awareness, so that they will understand and treat the cultural differences fairly and inherit and carry forward our national elements in the wedding.

Key words: Chinese wedding, American wedding,wedding culture, culture comparison, culture fusion

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

中美婚礼文化对比及文化融合

摘要

婚礼是在公开的场合将丈夫和妻子的婚姻关系确定下来的仪式,它是文化的重要组成部分。因此,几乎在每一种社会文化中,都有独特的举办婚礼的习俗。但随着社会的进步和全球化的影响,我国婚礼文化和美国婚礼文化也互相影响。

本论文主要在前人关于中西方婚俗文化对比研究的基础上,通过对婚礼的总体印象、婚服、婚宴、婚礼仪式及婚礼花费等几个方面进一步对比探讨中美婚礼文化上的不同。除此之外,伴随着现今人类交往的日益频繁和中美文化的相互影响,中美婚礼文化在婚服、婚礼仪式、婚礼花费等方面正在不断地发生融合。越来越多的中国人在举行婚礼时穿着洁白的婚纱,而不是中国传统的凤冠霞帔;而一些西方人在婚礼上则穿上了中国传统的红衣而不是白色的婚纱。

通过研究中美婚俗文化的不同及文化的融合,可以使英语学习者对中美婚礼的历史及文化背景有所了解,加强人们对西方文化的认知,从而强化人们的跨文化交际意识,以正确认识处理这种文化差异问题并继承和发扬婚礼中的中国民族元素。

关键词:中国婚礼,美国婚礼,婚礼文化,文化差异,文化融合

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

1. Introduction

The wedding is a ceremony held by two people in love who want to combine to be a family, and an expression to prove the love for the other. It carries happiness and leaves many beautiful memories to people. The weddings in different countries, different regions and different ethnics, all contain their own culture and folk characteristics, such as wedding dress, wedding photos, and marriage customs, all of which are showing the times, national and cultural characteristics. The Western-style weddings are often regarded as sacred, while the Chinese-style weddings are regarded as jubilant. The different wedding forms carry the total different cultures between China and America.

1.1 Research Background

"As an extremely important part in a personal life experience, marriage clearly marks a person's entering an important stage for the establishment of individual households and the development of individual family, which occupies a very important role in social development"(潘晓梅,2004:23). And some writers have made the research on the comparison of Chinese and American marriage culture, such as Lin Xuecai who studied the differences from the point of the marriage ideas in his article On Chinese and American Marriage Ideas. Other writers focus on the comparison of the marriage culture and marriage customs and illustrate these culture differences only on some fixed viewpoints,

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

such as the marriage custom, wedding dress. One of them is Pan Wenjin (2008) who studied the marriage custom and culture differences from the cultural point of view in his essay On Chinese and Western Cultural Difference from the Wedding Culture. Another one is Wu Guohua and Pu Jun (2006) who studied the wedding dress differences in their article On Chinese and Western Wedding Dress Culture.However, the wedding culture fusions between Chinese and American are rarely mentioned in these articles. Only Xia Qiaohua (2005) who studied the marriage cultural fusion as well as the inheritance of Chinese traditional wedding character in her essay Cultural Comparison and Cultural Integration of the Sino-US Wedding. The study of the wedding cultural comparison, especially the fusions between Chinese and American is essential to help strengthen the English learners cross-cultural awareness and help them to treat the cultural differences fairly.

1.2 Significance and the structure of the study

The study of the cultural differences and cultural integration between the Chinese-style and American-style wedding can help people have a clear understanding of the historical and cultural background of the Chinese and American wedding. In addition, the study will strengthen the people's awareness of Western culture, thereby strengthen their cross-cultural awareness, so that they will understand and treat the differences of culture fairly and inherit and carry forward our national elements in the wedding.

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

This paper is totally divided into four parts. Part Ⅰ is an introduction of the whole paper composing of the research information, significance and the structure of this study. Part Ⅱ is the reasons for wedding differences and culture comparison of American and Chinese wedding detailed by six sections: the total impression of American and Chinese wedding, the wedding dress, the wedding banquet, wedding ceremony, wedding expense and the other unique parts of American and Chinese wedding. Part Ⅲ is the cultural fusion of American and Chinese wedding. The reason for the culture fusion is first illustrated, then it is followed by the detailed aspects of the cultural fusion, such as the wedding dress, the place to hold the wedding and the wedding ceremony. The last part of the study is the conclusion.

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

2. The cultural comparison of American and Chinese Wedding

Western wedding is solemn, serious, beautiful and romantic, and more important, it is sacred. In order to express their faith and respect to God, the wedding of the United States is held in church. Meanwhile, it should be hosted by a pastor. As for such a sacred religious atmosphere, it is the wedding before God(刘丽萍,2010:68). Different from American's sacred and romantic wedding, the Chinese people pay much attention to the lively, moving, and jubilant atmosphere. For the Chinese people think that the lively and jubilant atmosphere can influence every people in the wedding to have a good mood, where the personal feelings of the bride and groom as well as their friends and relatives are taken into consideration, reflecting the culture of the Chinese in the traditional sense. So it is called the wedding before the people. Many other differences between the American and Chinese wedding have been observed for the following reasons.

2.1 Reasons for the differences between Chinese and American wedding

customs

The reasons for the differences between Chinese and American wedding customs can be explored in three aspects as follows:

Different historical backgrounds. In the eyes of the Chinese people, red is on behalf of happy, lucky, success and prosperity. On wedding, red will give the wedding a festive and lively atmosphere. The Chinese wedding is carried out in

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

a red background. In Western countries, since Roman times, the white symbolizes celebration. In the late 19th century, white is a symbol of wealth, and only the upper classes can wear a white dress that represents power and identity. To the early 20th century, white is more representative of purity and is considered as virgin. Therefore, white is the key color in western wedding.

Different cultural backgrounds. The Chinese people pay much attention to ethics. Since ancient times, there is the idea of harmonious development of Heaven, People, and Earth which is one main idea of Taoism(郭金秀,2011:47). The traditional sense of marriage is not only related to the marriage of two persons, but the matter of the two families. It will need a series of ceremonies to reflect the solemn marriage, and cause the attention of the parties and the relatives and friends to marriage. It is implied by the concept that the marriage is the fusion of Heaven and Earth. The marriage needs the witness of relatives and friends which express the harmonious combination of the two people. So the two families form a relative relationship. It can express the hierarchy of their respect for them by the ceremony that the couples pay kowtows to Heaven and Earth, the family ancestors and parents successively. It is also in line with the tradition of respecting for the elderly in China. In Western countries, most people have their own religious beliefs and religion is deep-rooted in people's hearts. People get married choose to go to church for the priest or pastor's prayer and blessing to be recognized by God, so as to be considered formal legal marriage, and you can have a happy life under the aegis of God.

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Different ways of thinking. The Chinese people are more conservative in the way of thinking. They like the excitement and pay more attention to the wedding ceremony, which is fully reflected in the traditional Chinese wedding process. While Westerners are more open. They focus on the personal feeling and like innovation. So their wedding are varies while not formality.

For the above reasons, the differences between Chinese and American wedding customs will be explored in the following aspects.

2.2 Cultural comparison of American and Chinese wedding

2.2.1 Total impression

(1) Different colors

1) White in America

On traditional American wedding, the gauze dress a bride wears is originally a Catholic ceremony suit(席晓,2008:190). At the beginning, the color for a bride dress is mainly the light color, but not limited to white. Until Queen Victoria successfully dresses a white wedding veil on her wedding ceremony, white dress becomes the first choice for bride on wedding. "During mid-to late-nineteenth-century period when marriage was legally connected to race, nationality, monogamy, and physical health, the white wedding became standard in the United States"(Elizabeth Freeman,2002:24). Since then, the white became the main color of the wedding and the white wedding dress becomes a formal wedding dress. The bride wears white dress and white wreath,

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

also casting a long white silk, hand-held a white bouquet.

For Americans, the white color is a symbol of celebration and happiness, later containing the meaning of purity. Hence, that the bride wears white dress is to express her purity and honesty to God. Therefore, the wedding in United States is also known as the wedding before God. It is in order to express faith and respect to God, the wedding of the United States is held in church. Meanwhile, it should be hosted by a pastor. In such a sacred religious atmosphere, the Americans prefer to use the light color to decorate the wedding site, which building a very quiet and warm feeling for people.

2) Red in China

The main color in the traditional Chinese wedding is red. The traditional Coronet Xiapei of bride and the champion clothing of groom are all red tone color, matched with auspicious dragon and phoenix patterns. In addition, everywhere at home are filled with red Chinese character "喜" which means happy, along with the new room items, such as the red candles, red envelope and red quilt. And the bride and groom will wear red flowers. Even some food will also be deliberately dyed red, as eggs and peanuts, which is a symbol of good fortune, happiness and prosperous married life.

In China's history and tradition, red has always been considered as auspicious and joy color(韩芳,2008:1204). This is influenced by collectivism which has always attracted great attention of Chinese, because from the perspective of color, red, as a Brunet Department, can give people the feeling of

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

a lively and bustling. So Chinese wedding is often referred to as the wedding before people.

In western culture, white is often associated with peace, goodwill and integrity, which is a symbol of joy and immaculate. While in the East, white is associated with death and the funeral together, because when attending funerals people wear white. It is because the Asians regard the white as mourning apparel to express the meaning of empty. Red in Western culture often is linked with war, death, blood and danger. However, red("红") is exciting, happy and auspicious symbols in the East, such as 开门红(a good start), 走红运(lucky) and so on. Therefore, on oriental wedding, the bride wedding dress is red, indicating the meaning of the overjoyed.

(2) The different atmosphere

Apart from color, sound makes the weddings of the two countries go very differently.

1) The American--- quiet

In the traditional American wedding, it generally plays very gentle and soothing music in order to maintain the solemn atmosphere of the church wedding and to pay tribute to the gods. In the United States the wedding music played in the church is soft and serene. During the music, there is no other sound in the whole church and the wedding is in a very strict atmosphere.

2) The Chinese--- exciting

In China, more noisy sound is considered more fun and the new couple will

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

get more blessing. So on the wedding day, the firecrackers seem endless. The traditional Chinese wedding has a preference for loud music with momentum and they often invite many folk instrumentalists to play music for the wedding, especially the horn and suona horn, both of which are indispensable instruments of performance(林琳,2010:235). A very important reason why these instruments are so welcome at the wedding is that their volume is extremely high-pitched and forceful, which will give people a living collective pleasure. In many cases such as escorting the road, more than in the wedding scene, also need the ceremonial team to play music.

Through the comparison of music, we can find Chinese wedding music is mainly to reflect the lively atmosphere but the American wedding music is to express their self-respect to the gods. Based on their different culture, the traditional wedding music in China and the United States is very different in styles.

2.2.2 Bride's wedding dress

(1) The American white dress

The ancient nursery rhyme about "something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue" is now an important part of most Western European wedding, even though many brides and grooms no longer know the significance of the rhyme.

"Something old" is to stand for a bride's ties to her past. The family bond and the friendship before marriage will be continuing. The bride usually wears a

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piece of family jewelry to reflect the "old", and some of the bride will wear the wedding dress when their mother married. The "new" represents the bride's hope for the married life. The bride wedding dress is full of newly purchased object, which can all be used to represent this tradition. The "borrowed" means the bride should borrow from one of her happily married friend some objects that the friend had used on her wedding in order to bring good luck. A handkerchief or small accessories are very common for this tradition. After the wedding, the bride should be sure to give it back, in order to confirm the word "borrow". The "blue" custom originated from ancient Israelite brides, who were instructed to wear garments bordered with the color blue, which represented purity, love, and fidelity. It is usually performed by the blue edge on the bride garters or the ornament. The bride's wedding must not be sold, but can be borrowed to other people or thrown away. Otherwise it will indicate that the marriage will soon come to an end.

(2) The Chinese red phoenix coronet

The Coronet Xiapei is a typical Chinese traditional wedding dress. The bride wears the phoenix coronet, red veil and red clothes, waiting for the groom in the red bridal sedan chair. While the groom in the red clothes rides a horse with a tied ribbon in red to go to the bride’s home. "The phoenix Coronet is a decoration with Phoenix image. Phoenix is a legendary divine bird regarded as "the king of birds" in China, together with the dragon to symbolize male and female"(孟萍萍,2007:88). Since the Qin dynasty, the concubines in the Palace

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

begin to wear phoenix Coronet. For it is a high-standard milter, phoenix Coronet is used as wedding dress by common people. The Xiapei is the match with phoenix Coronet. Its prototype is the quilt which shapes like two straps. Its top is a little wider than the bottom and is decorated with dragon and phoenix patterns. In China's civil marriage, especially in ancient time, the brides usually use a red cloth to cover on their heads in order to avoid the evil spirits. This red cloth only can be put off by the groom when the bride in their new wedding house.

2.2.3 The wedding banquet

(1) The American reception

After the wedding ceremony in the West, there is often a grand wedding banquet, called Reception. The food types on the wedding depend on the cultural tradition of the bride and groom, the bride's family preferences and economic conditions, because in the United States the wedding account are often paid by the bride's family. On the banquet feast, people will sprinkle some wheat on the bride's head, because the wheat symbolizes the harvest, and bread crumbs are a symbol of luck. Then, the new couple will be submerged by candy and chocolate. The Western wedding does not last too long, usually half a day or a day until the evening. On the banquet, all the guests can move around freely, talking with different people. Finally, the wedding banquet ends with a dance, which the bride and groom dance first to celebrate the beginning of their new life, and then all the guests are accompanied by beautiful music to dance.

(2) The Chinese banquet

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

In China, the traditional wedding is a very grand and ceremonious banquet which usually held at noon and lasted for three days. For the groom's parents, they will invite and feast all of their relatives and friends. On the banquet, the bride and groom will toast to every distinguished guest, and the bride and groom's parents will also have a toast to express their thanks to the guests for their congratulations. At the feast, people just eat, drink and chat and then go back to their own homes.

Except for the banquet differences between American and Chinese wedding, the foods on the banquet are also different.

The American wedding reception is almost self-served which can satisfy different requests of different people and avoid wasting any food. The participants can take their seats and take the food they like. This kind of food varies, depending on the cultural heritage of the couple. The American people pay attention to the emotional appeal, so the wine is the first choice for them to drink in wedding reception. The most important food on American wedding is wedding cake. Wedding cakes are not just dessert to be served to guests during reception. Wedding cakes are also usually white, to symbolize purity. The wedding cake is cut together by the couple during the wedding reception. Then the husband and wife exchange bites of the cake. This is the first act the couple does together as husband and wife.(王叶,2006:59) The sweet wedding cake symbolizes caring and nurturance between the couple. A modern-day custom in American is to remove the small top layer of the wedding cake and keep it in the

刘春艳:The Cultural Comparison and Cultural Fusion of Chinese and American Wedding

freezer, to be shared by the couple on their first anniversary.

The Chinese wedding reception is extremely different from American wedding. The guests on the wedding are all seat around the table, about 8 to 10 people per table. Then there will be waiters to serve the food to the guests rather than they themselves to take food. Certain types of food are commonly served at the Chinese wedding banquet, which include snacking pig; chicken cooked with red oil, dessert burn with lots of seeds(which means "多子"), stuffed inside. Following the dishes, there are some soups, including salty and sugary. Usually in North of China, the last soup will has some ball-like food("丸子") which means the reception satisfactory over. In order to parade their wealth, Chinese will serve a lot of food no matter weather the guests can eat up the food, which often leads to the waste.

2.2.4 The wedding ceremony

In the ritual of the groom to marry the bride,there is a considerable difference between Sino-US wedding customs.

(1) The American wedding ceremony

Western wedding is a romantic type, and the entire wedding from start to finish is in the romantic atmosphere.

Several steps are followed in the ceremony: (1) Guests seated. (2) Start playing the wedding march, the family and their friends light candles. Then the priest leads Choir approaching, and the president or pastor announces the start of the wedding. The best man, groom and the bridesmaid come in the church in

安徽工程大学毕业设计(论文)

succession, and the bride, accompanied by her parents to approach while all people stand. (3) Bride holding the hand of her father's walks down the aisle, and the bridesmaids and flower girl enter the venue together with all of the guests stand up. The father solemnly put her daughter's hand to the groom, then the bride's parents sit and all the guests seated. (4) Choir sing hymns to pray, and offer a poem. (5) The pastor or grandfather is the chief witness at the wedding ceremony. The new couple declare the willingness to become husband and wife, regardless of the disease or hardness. (6) The best man and maid of honor will lift wedding ring to the bride and groom, and the bride and groom exchange their rings and signature on the marriage certificate. (7) Offering poetry or blessing words. Under the leadership of the choir, all guests sing a blessing song.

(8) Accompanied by the music, the right side groom and the left side bride stand out of the church, together with the best man and maid of honor. Their families and other guests also subsequently exit the ceremony. (9) Tea party or dinner. After bride throws bouquet to the outdoor and shoots pictures for their memories there generally is tea party or dinner.

After the ceremony the groom and the bride will start their honeymoon trip, and often tied with balloons tin cans etc. in their wedding car, to let the noise to get rid of the followers of the evil.

(2) The Chinese wedding ceremony

In China, no matter how the couple come to know each other, fall in love and go into the wedding, there is usually a matchmaker to show the groom is to

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B、接触得频率 C、她人得喜好 D、事物得外表 正确答案:B 9、审美活动中,效用递减律与效用递增律同时存在。 A、正确 B、错误 正确答案:A 10、任何文化都有正面与负面得内容,人们若想提高自身得审美水平,可以全盘接受一种负面较少得文化。 A、正确 B、错误 正确答案:B 可以在微信小程序搜索"西鱼题库"获取完整题库哦~ 11、《易经》运用要结合数与。 A、道 B、象 C、规 D、气 正确答案:B 12、村山节与浅井降在《东西方文明深思录》中提出,世界文明得周期为年一转折。

中韩商务文化的比较分析及启示

中国和韩国商务文化的比较分析及启示 1. 中国与韩国的概况对比 1.1 中国的概况 中国位于东南亚,面积960万平方公里,人口约13亿。为多民族国家,共有56个民族,国旗为红旗。通用普通话,货币为人民币。中国是个多宗教的国家。中国宗教徒信奉的主要有佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教和基督教。中国公民可以自由地选择、表达自己的信仰和表明宗教身份。中国现在是一个发展中国家,经济总量水平低。韩联社4月28日报道称,韩国银行和金融投资行业当日发布资料显示,去年韩国GDP为1.3万亿美元,为中国9.2万亿美元GDP的14.2%,即中国GDP规模约为韩国的7倍。而2003年,中国GDP规模是韩国的2.4倍。随着中国经济快速增长,中韩GDP差距进一步拉大。 中国人喜欢红色,红色代表喜庆,吉祥,成功和兴旺发达,在汉族中带有自己文化特有的意义和联想。 1.2 韩国的概况 韩国位于东亚朝鲜半岛南部,面积 9.9万平方公里,人口4,000多万。全国人口均为单一朝鲜民族,通用朝鲜语。货币为韩元,100韩元折合0.7416人民币历史上受我唐代文化影响很大。国旗为太极旗,白地中央为红、蓝两色太极图案,周围有四组八卦符号。白色代表土地,太极图和八卦由我国传人,象征宇宙永恒运动、均衡和协调,反映我国“易经”代表的东方哲理。受我国佛学、儒学影响很深,居民多信奉佛教、基督教和儒教,首都汉城文庙每年春秋两季都要举行祭孔大典。韩国的经济增长速度居世界前列,经济发展水平居亚洲前列,外向型经济较发达。 韩国人喜欢白色,自誉为白衣民族,认为白色纯洁高尚,这种白色崇拜来自于北方阿尔泰民族对天神的崇拜。新娘在婚礼上往往身着白色礼服,现代房屋装修也多用白色。 1.3 启示 如果在韩国开展国际商务活动,要尊重当地的礼仪,饮食以及习俗。例如,可以身着白色衣服,这是韩国人比较喜欢的颜色。遇到长辈的话就用双手握手,公共场合让男士先行,因为在韩国的传统就是大男子主义,女人一般不与人握手。

中西方婚礼文化比较论文(完成版)

中西方文化比较 ——中西方的浪漫婚礼 课程名称: 授课老师: 班级: 学号: 姓名: 1+1=3?

目录 摘要:婚礼作为文化的一个有机组成部分,也是一个人一生中最为重要的仪式之一,它在中西方不同文化的熏下也逐渐的呈现出了不同的婚俗习惯,因而这些差异也明显的体现着中西方文化的不同。本文旨在对中西方婚礼的举行地点、服饰、色调、婚俗等方面的差异进行比较,并对造成差异的原因进行分析,浅谈中西方不同的婚礼文化。------------------------------------------------------------- 3 关键字:婚礼文化差异比较婚俗分析------------------------------------------------ 3 一、中西方婚礼差异比较----------------------------------------------------------------- 3 婚礼举行地点比较------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 对于我们中国人来说,结婚是一件大喜事,既是喜事当然要办的热热闹闹、喜气洋洋,这也是我们自古以来的传统。中国人喜欢热闹的气氛,因而婚礼的地点当然也要是能闹起来的地方。在古代,人们会选在开阔的场院里,大家围坐桌前,爽朗的笑声,锣鼓喧天,鞭炮齐鸣,一派祥和与红火。在当代难以寻得过去的场院,交通方便的大型酒店自然成了首选,与以往一样,从招待到入席,所有的人,无论是主人还是客人,脸上都洋溢着幸福的微笑,席间的欢歌笑语都体现了热闹这一传统。 --------------- 3 对于西方人来说,他们更为看重圣洁与庄重,所以西方的婚礼大多会选择在教堂等安静的地方举行,进行发誓,显得非常的神圣,他们的婚礼井井有条,不像我们中国人的婚礼那么热闹。 ------------- 3 婚礼服饰及色调比较---------------------------------------------------------------- 3 西方的婚礼的主色调是白色。在西方婚礼中,新娘一般都会一直穿着白色的婚纱,新郎则是穿着笔挺的西服。自罗马时代开始,白色象征欢庆,1850年到1900年之间,白色亦是富贵的象征,到了本世纪初白色所代表的纯洁意义更远超其他。西方认为白色与童贞有关,古罗马的新娘穿着白色的婚纱,蒙着鲜橙黄色的面纱,象征着激情的火焰。在西方的天主教传统里,白色代表着快乐,代表圣洁和忠贞。新娘的捧花、周围环境的装饰也都是以白色为基调的。------------------------------------------- 3 结婚仪式比较---------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 在传统结婚仪式上面,中国的传统婚俗有“三书六礼”“三拜九叩”这些繁俗礼节。所谓“三书”,就是指聘书、礼书、迎亲书。(聘书:订亲之书。纳吉时用。礼书:过礼之书。纳征时用。迎亲书:迎娶新娘之书。结婚当日(亲迎)接新娘过门时用。)而“六礼”是指纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。(纳采:古时婚礼之首,属意女方时,延请媒人作谋,谓之纳采,今称「提亲」。问名:男方探问女方之及生日时辰,以卜吉兆,谓之问名,今称「合八字」。纳吉:问名若属吉兆,遣媒人致赠薄礼,谓之纳吉,今称「过文定」或「小定」。纳征:奉送礼金、礼饼、礼物及祭品等,即正式送聘礼,谓纳征,今称「过大礼」。请期:由男家请算命先生择日,谓之请期,又称「乞日」、今称「择日」。亲迎:新郎乘礼车,赴女家迎接新娘,谓之亲迎。)而在这之间更有换庚谱、过文定、过大礼、安床等一系列的活动。而在这些活动中有着大量的禁忌和礼俗,比如新娘嫁妆中要有剪刀(蝴蝶双飞)、痰盂(子桶)、尺(良田万顷)、片糖(甜甜蜜蜜)、银包皮带(腰缠万贯)、花瓶(花开富贵)、铜盆及鞋(同偕到老)、龙凤被、床单及枕头一对、两双用红绳捆着的筷子及碗(有衣食)、七十二套衣服,用扁柏、莲子、龙眼及利是伴着(丰衣足食)等物,每样物品都有其不同的含义。------------------------------- 4 二、中西方婚礼文化差异分析 --------------------------------------------------------- 5 中西方人性格不同------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 西方人虽然历史积淀不如中国深厚,但随着时间的累积,逐渐的西方人的性格形成了自己的特点,他们崇尚自由,不受礼节规定的影响,更加注重本心的想法,随心而动,更为讲究感觉。所以在婚礼中他们

中西方婚礼文化的差异

中西方婚礼文化的差异 文化是一种社会现象,是多元化的,是人们长期创造形成的产物。同时又是一种历史现象,是社会历史的积淀物。确切地说,文化是指一个国家或民族的历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、行为方式、思考习惯、价值观念、文学艺术等包罗万象。历史发展至今,中西方文化就像两条时而交着、时而分离的不规则线,同样源远流长,同样博大精深。自成体系、相互交融。中西文化的差异表现在建筑、教育、饮食文化、礼仪、宗教等诸多方面。 然而婚俗文化,是一个民族文化的重要组成部分。在当今全球化的影响下,社会文化相互碰撞、相互融合,婚礼文化也在不断的变化。我国的婚礼文化也不断地受到西方婚礼文化的冲击。那么在各国之间文化交流相互影响的大环境下,我国的婚礼文化和西方的婚礼文化到底存在什么样的差异?本文从婚礼的不同方面试图对中西婚礼进行比较,找出其差异,并分析差异产生的原因以促进文化交融。 一.中西婚礼文化的差异 1.婚礼形式: 1)中国:中国传统婚礼习俗有“三书六礼”,“三跪九拜”的礼节。六礼:①纳采:男方请媒人提亲后,女方同意议婚,男方备礼去女方家求亲;②向名:男方在求婚后托媒人问女方的出生年月,准备合婚的仪式;③纳吉:是把问名后占卜合婚的好消息再通知女方的礼仪,这是订婚阶段的主要礼仪形式。 ④纳征:纳吉后,男方将聘礼送往女方,是成婚阶段的礼仪,俗

称过大礼。 ⑤请期:送完聘礼后,选择结婚日期,备礼到女方家,征得同意; ⑥亲迎:是新婿亲往女家迎聚的仪式。这项仪式往往被看作婚礼的主要程序,而前五项则当成议婚、订婚等过渡性礼仪。 2)西方的婚礼从一开始就充满了浪漫的气息。一般有以下步骤: ①来宾入席; ②奏结婚进行曲,亲友点上蜡烛,牧师领唱诗班进场,宣布婚礼开始,伴郎伴娘和新郎陆续进场,女方家长陪新娘进场全体起立; ③女方家长入席,新娘挽着父亲的手,步入大堂,伴娘和花童一同进入会场,全体来宾起立,父亲郑重的把女儿交给新郎,女方家长就坐,全体来宾就坐; ④牧师证婚,新人进行结婚宣誓,宣告愿意结为夫妻; ⑤新郎新娘互戴婚戒,宣誓; ⑥献诗,来宾在唱诗班的带领下,唱祝福歌; ⑦礼成,奏乐,新郎站右边,新娘站左边,两人一起走出教堂,伴郎伴娘随后,家属以及来宾随后退场; ⑧茶会或晚宴。但整个婚礼过程却有着让人不可亵渎的神圣与庄重。由此看来,传统的中国婚礼仪式比西方传统婚礼仪式要简单得多。2.婚礼服饰: 中西方审美与习俗的差异决定彼此传统婚礼服饰的不同。 1)中国服饰强调统一而不突出个性,因此在中国红色象征喜庆、幸福。在传统的婚礼仪式上,新郎新娘都要穿着红色的礼服。

中西方文化差异原因

1、思维模式的异同 中国人喜欢站在生命的更高处思考问题,跳出现实,重视对生命的思考,在对人和人之间,人和自然界之间,人的精神和肉体之间的关系都有深刻的思考. 西方人偏重于逻辑思维或者理性思维;中国人属于抽象思维或者感性思维.而西方人更注重于从物质世界入手,去探索和求证问题的本源. 2、对待个人利益与集体利益、国家利益的异同 中国人更看重集体利益,包括家族利益、国家利益,主张控制自己的欲望,反对极端个人主义和英雄主义,往往把个人利益和集体利益,国家利益联系在一起,富于爱国和献身精神.而西方人更重视个体利益,追求人权,崇尚自由,认为如果连个体利益都无法保障,更谈何集体利益,正是这样的思想认识,最终推动了西方民主政治的发展; 3、民主观念的异同 中国人注重精神的自由,把自由、民主看成是君主权贵的赏赐.所以我们的人民总在渴望青天,希望能有好官的出现为民谋利.而西方的民主政治认为,政出于民,一切的政权只是人民授予,让政府来行使的一种公权力. 4、科学观的异同 中国人更相信先人的经验和权威,相信古人甚至超过相信今人,迷信权威,缺乏创新和探索精神.而西方人重视实践和理论,富于探险精神,倡导理性思维.通过正规的学院式教育对科学成果进行普及和推广,极大的促进了科学的发展,也最终建立了完整的科学体系; 5、中西方的道德观是迥然不同的 西方强调个体本位,而中国人提倡群体本位.中西方道德观的不同,使中西方的伦理体系和道德规范具有了不同的特点:西方重契约,中国重人伦;西方重理智,中国重人情;西方伦理重于竞争,中国则偏重于中庸、和谐;西方的伦理道德是以人性恶为出发点,强调个体的道德教育,中国儒家是从人性善的观点出发,强调个体的道德修养. 6、法制观念的异同 中国人主张用礼、道德来约束,通过先贤的教诲和学习提高自己的修养,讲究克己复礼,导致了人格的缺陷,丧失了独立的人格;而西方人认为人的原欲是不应该被压制的,对于社会和个人的规范,主张用“法制”,通过制度,如三权分立的组织、政治机构来约束制约,道德则处于从属的地位. 7、在为人处世方面的异同 中国人内敛、自省,喜欢“每日三省吾身”,为的是合于先王之道,把修养身心看的很重,推崇中庸思想,导致思想的保守、缺乏创新和开拓进取精神.西方人更热心于公益事业,把服务社会当成自己的职责. 8 、经济制度不同 中国的传统经济是典型的自给自足的自然经济.人们比较安分保守.因为他们依靠一块土地可以活一辈子,文化比较内向.而且中国的古代文明,发源于大河流域,属于农业文明,“农业文明性格”造就了东方人注重伦理道德,求同求稳,以“和为贵,忍为高”为处世原则. 西方的古希腊文明,发源于爱琴海沿岸,属于海洋文明,况且欧洲的农耕远不像中国的农耕在古代社会那样重要,所以欧洲人喜欢向外探索,文化比较外向.而且西方国家经过工业革命很早就进入了工业经济时代,“工业文明性格”造就了西方人有较强的斗争精神和维护自身利益的法律意识,以独立、自由、平等为处世原则. 9、地理环境的不同 封闭的大陆型地理环境使中国人的思维局限在本土之内,善于总结前人的经验教训,喜欢“以史为镜”,而空间意识较弱.这种内向型思维导致了中国人求稳好静的性格,对新鲜事物缺乏好奇,对未知事物缺乏兴趣.

2019中西方文化比较尔雅考试答案

、单选题(题数:100,共 50.0 分) 1 西方文化中的征服精神在一定程度上决定了()成为西方工业发展的最大驱动力。(0.5分) 0.0分 ?A、 制造业 ?B、 轻工业 ?C、 重工业 ?D、 军事工业 我的答案:C 2 印欧语系的语言特点是()。(0.5分) 0.5分 ?A、 多为单音节,闭音节 ?B、 一字单音或多音,多向性

?C、 一韵一字,音义象构性强 ?D、 具有规则性,轻重音表语调 我的答案:B 3 中国古代对于官员着装、行为的规定主要是为了()。(0.5分) 0.5分 ?A、 彰显朝廷气度 ?B、 区分官员品级 ?C、 做出表率作用 ?D、 约束官员行为 我的答案:C 4 在年龄较小的人群中适宜采用死记硬背的记忆方法的原因是他们()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、

机械记忆能力强 ?B、 理解记忆能力强 ?C、 理性思维能力强 ?D、 感性思维能力强 我的答案:A 5 相较于西方,中文受到语意的影响体现于它更具有()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 哲理性 ?B、 清晰美 ?C、 定义性 ?D、 综合性 我的答案:D 6

属于Saussure所指概念的是()。(0.5分) 0.5分 ?A、 音响形象 ?B、 对应 ?C、 概念 ?D、 符合 我的答案:C 7 辜正坤教授认为,西方人无法彻底理解气功理论的重要原因在于()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 翻译的误区 ?B、 文化的差异 ?C、 体质的差异 ?D、

环境的影响 我的答案:A 8 中国近一千三百年来主要的社会形式是()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 知识分子精英官僚社会 ?B、 家天下谱系官僚社会 ?C、 官僚阶级氏族统治社会 ?D、 家族主义民主共和社会 我的答案:A 9 中国古代政治社会三大制约机制不包括()。(0.5分)0.5分 ?A、 暴力制约机制 ?B、 法律制约机制

中西方婚礼文化差异综述

揭阳职业技术学院 毕业论文 题目:浅谈中西方传统婚礼习俗差异学生姓名许展薇指导教师佘烁娜 系(部)外语系专业五年制英教班级 093班学号 60912340 提交日期2014年月日答辩日期年月日 2014 年月日

浅谈中西方传统婚礼习俗差异 论文提纲 前言 一、中西方婚礼差异比较 1、婚礼举行地点比较 2、中西婚礼服饰比较 3、中西婚礼仪式比较 (1)婚前准备 (2)婚礼当天 (3)婚礼过后 二、中西方婚礼习俗差异的原因 1、文化背景不同 2、宗教信仰不同 3、价值观念不同 结束语

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7. 下列选项中错误描述审美改变的是()。 A. 个人、集体乃至国家的审美都是可以被强行改变的 B. 人的喜好是受传统影响的 C. 审美可以在短时间自行改变 D. 审美是可以改变的 正确答案:C 8. 长期来看,()最容易影响人对于事物的喜好。 A. 蕴含的意义 B. 接触的频率 C. 他人的喜好 D. 事物的外表 正确答案:B 9. 审美活动中,效用递减律与效用递增律同时存在。() A. 正确 B. 错误 正确答案:A 10. 任何文化都有正面和负面的内容,人们若想提高自身的审美水平, 可以全盘接受一种负面较少的文化。()

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Analysis on the Differences in Wedding Culture between China and Western Countries By Ren Sinan

Business College of Shanxi University June, 2015

Contents Abstract (i) 摘要 (ii) 1. Introduction (1) 2. Literature review (2) 3. Different wedding cultures between China and Western countries (3) 3.1 Differences in wedding ceremony (3) 3.2 Differences in wedding dress and color tone (4) 3.3 Differences in wedding customs (5) 3.3.1 Differences in wedding banquet (5) 3.3.2 Differences in taboo wedding date (5) 3.3.3 Differences in wedding venues (6) 4. Causes of different Chinese and Western wedding customs (6) 4.1 Historic culture (6) 4.2 Religious belief (7) 4.3 Family Education (7) 4.4 Values (8) 5. Integration and development trend of China and Western wedding customs . 8 5.1 The integration between Chinese and Western wedding customs (8) 5.2 The reasons about integration between Chinese and Western wedding customs (9) 5.3 Development trend of Chinese and Western wedding customs (9) 5.4 Chinese and Western wedding custom and intercultural communication 10 6. Conclusion (11) References (12)

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中西文化比较考试题及答案

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