非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括动词不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词三种。非谓语动词不能单独在句子中作谓语，不受人称和数的限制，但非谓语动词有动词的特征（表示动作）。
判断句子是否成立1.He to start work.
2,I playing with my friends.
3.I gone to school in the morning.
一，动词不定式
动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加to 和省略to两种形式，可以在句中作主语，表语，定语，宾语，宾补，状语等成分。
（1）不定式做主语
Eg。To play football is interesting.踢足球是很有趣的。
注意：不定式做主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式，但通常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放于句末，来保持句子的平衡，常见句式有;
a.It takes s
b. Some time to do sth.
_____took me twenty minutes ________my English homework. 完成我的英语家庭作业花费了我20分钟的时间。
b.It’s+adj.\n.+to do sth.
Eg.____is interesting __________ the English books. 读英语书是很有趣的。
---------is our duty to keep the environment clean and tidy.保持环境干净和整齐是我
们的职责。
c.It’s+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.其中形容词是用来修饰动词不定式的。
Eg。____’s hard for me ___________English well.学好英语对我来说是很难的。
d.It’s +adj,+of+sb.+to do sth.其中形容词是用来修饰某人的。
Eg. ____’s very kind of you ___________me.帮助我你真是太好了。
（2）不定式作表语。
不定式作表语是，主要表达愿望，责任和义务等。
Eg,The important thing is to save the people in the water in time!重要的事情是要及时地挽救在水中的人们。
注意：多数情况下，不定式做表语都可以转化成作主语。
Eg. His work is to clean the dining room. 他的工作是打扫餐厅。
To clean the dining room is his work.
(3)不定式作宾语。
Eg.He wants to borrow a book from me.他想从我这里借一本书。
注意：当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。常跟it作形式宾语的动词有：find，think，make等。
Eg.I found _____difficult to get on with him.群殴发现与他相处是很难的。
Our teacher makes ____easy ___________English.我们老师使学习英语很简单。
（4）不定式作宾语补足语。在英语中，很多动词后面都可以用不定式作宾语补足语。
Eg. The teacher encourages us to talk to her in English. 老师鼓励我们用英语和她交谈。
Tips：不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的口诀：
一感：feel
二听：hear, listen to
三让;let ,make,have
四看;see,watch,notice,look at
半帮助：help
Eg.I often hear him _____this song in the classroom. 我经常听见他在教室里唱这首歌。
Mike often helps me _________the blackboard.迈克经常帮助我擦黑板。
（5）不定式作后置定语
Eg.I have a lot of work to do .我有许多工作要做。
Tips：动词不定式作后置定语，如果不定式中的动词不能与他修身的名词构成动宾关系，它后面就应该加必要的介词。Eg. He is looking for a house to live in. 他正在寻找居住的房子。（6）不定式作状语
不定式常可以作状语，修饰动词，表示目的，结果，原因等。
Eg.I went to the shop to buy a new bike.(目的状语)我去商店买了一辆新的自行车。
My sister is too young to go to school.(结果状语)我妹妹太小了不能去上学。
I’m glad to hear that.(原因状语)听到那件事我感到高兴。
（7）“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以在句子中作主语，宾语，表语等成分。
Eg. She asked me when to start.她问我什么时候出发。
————————hasn’t been decided.去哪里还没有决定。
练习：
1.Jane’s father speaks English well. He can make
himself__________(understand)when he travels all over the world.
2.Animals are our friends , so ______(protect)them is our duty.
3.The final exam is coming. Our teachers tell us ______time.
A.not to waste
B.not waste
C. don’t waste
4. After several campus( 校园)attacks，many schools across the country have already taken action_______their campuses_________.
A .making;safe
B made:safe
C to make:safer
D make :safe
5.We have two rooms ______,but I can’t decide______.
A.to live,to choose which one B .lived,choose which one
C.to live in, which one to choose C.live, which one
8.I haven’t got a chair _______. Will you make room for me?
A.to sit
B.to sit in
C.for sitting
D.sitting
8.I haven’t got a chair _______. Will you make room for me?
A.to sit
B.to sit in
C.for sitting
D.sitting
1. The teacher told them ________ make so much noise.
A. don’t
B. not
C. will not
D. not to
2. Our master often told us _______ things for granted.
A. not to have
B. not to take
C. didn’t take
D. not to make
3. Tell him _______ the window.
A. to shut not
B. not to shut
C. to not shut
D. not shut
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him
______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive
6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
7. The workers want us ________ together with them.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
9. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go
B. had gone
C. has gone
D. goes
10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.
A. spoke
B. speaks
C. speak
12. Though he had often made his little sister _______, today he was made
______by his little sister.
A. cry；to cry
B. crying；crying
C. cry；cry
D. to cry；cry
13. He was made _________.
A. go
B. gone
C. going
D. to go
14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash
B. washing
C. wash
D. to be washing
15. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
16. There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _______ to buy.
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. where
17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.
A. where to choose
B. which to choose
C. to choose what
D. to choose which
18. “ Have you decided when ________?”
“ Yes, tomorrow morning.”
A. to leave
B. to be leaving
C. will you leave
D. are you leaving
19. Last summer I took a course on ________.
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
A. whether
B. if
C. either
D. if he will
21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
22. --- The light in the office is still on.
--- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.
A. make friend with
B. make friends of
C. make friends
D. make friends with
27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to
30. I need a day or two ________.
A. to think it over
B. to think over
C. of thinking
31. He was too excited _________.
A. speak
B. to speak
C. not to speak
D. speaking
32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
A. doing
B. to do
C. do
D. to be doing
34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride；ride
B. riding；ride
C. ride；to ride
D. to ride；riding
35. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overco at.
A. had better to
B. had better
C. would better
D. would better to
36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sit
D. be sat on
37. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
A. eat
B. to eat
C. eating
D. for eating
38. --- I usually go there by train.
--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.
A. except look
B. but to look
C. except to look
D. but looking
40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.
A. spend
B. spare
C. save
D. share
41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in tha t way.
A. to be treated
B. being treated
C. treated
D. be treated
42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.
A. to be cleaned
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
43. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very difficult one.
A. being discussed
B. discussed
C. to be discussed
D. to discuss
44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.
A. tired；learned
B. tiring；learning
C. to tire；to learn
D. tired；to learn
45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?
--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.
A. for finding it
B. to find it
C. finding it
D. by finding it
46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow one from Li Ming.
A. to take
B. taking
C. to bring
D. bringing
47. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.
A. to have lunch
B. to eat
C. to eat at
D. eating at
48. This problem is said _____ three times.
A. to have been talked
B. to have discussed
C. having been discussed
D. to have been talked about
49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.
A. be taken
B. taking
C. to take
D. to have taken
50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.
A. read；watch
B. to read；watch
C. reading；to watch
D. to read；to watch
答案：
1-5 DBBAA6-10 CCAAA11-15 CADAB16-20 BBAAA 21-25 ACCAB 26-30 DACBA31-35 BCCCB36-40 BBDAB 41-45 DDCDB46-50 CCDDB
非谓语动词补充材料 1.不定式的构成 不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般 主动式被动式 一般式to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing / 完成进行式to have been doing / 1) 不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。 He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。 2)不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如： She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。 I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do. 我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。 It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country. 对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。 3)不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。如： It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。 We didn’t expe ct you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我 4)不定式的完成进行式 如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。如： They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。 We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。 5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。如： Try not to be late again next time. 尽量下次不要再迟到。 He wished us never to meet her again. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。 6)疑问词+动词不定式： 不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。如： On hearing the news, he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry. 听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。 When to hold the meeting has not decided. 什么时候开会还没有决定。 The most important problem is how to get so much money. 最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。 介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。如： Mary gave some advice on how to learn English. 玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。 I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道该怎么做。 但是but和except后面可以跟不定式。如： He did nothing but wander on the street. 他除了在街上闲逛外，没有做什么。
高考英语非谓语动词常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(湖南) There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, ___________ at the night sky. A．to stare B．staring C．stared D．having stared 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。句中的动词stare的逻辑主语是隐含主语I，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：没有比背躺在草地中间，盯着夜空更快乐的事情了。故B正确。 考点：考查非谓语动词用法 2．______ the pictures on the screen more clearly, they moved to the front row. A．To watch B．Watching C．Watched D．Having watched 【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了更清楚的看屏幕上的图片，他们移到了前排。表示目的用不定式，故选A。 3．______ to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well. A．Exposed B．Being exposed C．Having exposed D．To expose 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：尽可能多的接触英语是学好英语的很好的办法。这里is是谓语，前面是主语，应该用动名词，而且be exposed to“暴露于，接触”，所以选B。 考点：考查动名词做主语 4．On the third floor there are two rooms, ________ used as a meeting-room. A．the larger of which B．one of them C．and a larger of them D．the largest one of which 【答案】B 【解析】 考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意：三楼有两个房间，其中一个被用作会议室。如果选A项，是非限制性定语从句，从句应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，此处used是过去分词，所以A错；如果选C项，中间加and表明是并列句，the+比较级，才表示“两个当中更大的”，故C项错；因为是两个房间，不可能出现最高级，故D项错；只有选B项是过去
英语非谓语动词对比辨析100题 1. (1)__from the top of a hill, our house looks like as a car. (2) ____the dog came over, our friend ran away. (3) ________ from the top of a hill, and you’ll find the city more beautiful. d) ________ more clearly, they came up and got close to it. A. Seeing B. To see C. Seen D. See 2. (1)Disneyland is well worth______________. (2)Disneyland is worthy of______________. (3)Disneyland is worthy to______________. A. be visited B. visiting C. visit D. being visited 3. (1)Tom said to the doctor, ”I don’t want_____” (2)Tom said to the doctor,” I don’t want you_____ me.” (3)Tom said to the doctor,” The machine wants_________. A. examining B. to examine C. to be examined D. examined 4. (1)I’ll have my brother________ my radio tomorrow. (2)I’ll have my radio __________tomorrow. (3)Tomorrow the radio needs___________. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair 5. (1)We were watching TV when we heard the door___________. (2)We were watching TV when we heard someone ___________ at the door. (3)We noticed him_________ the door just now. A. knocked B. knocking C. knock D. to knock 6.(1)After a rest, we went on____ the same problem. (2)After a rest, we went on______the next problem. A. go B. going C. to go D. went 7. (1)The old lady needs__________ after. (2)The old lady needs__________ after her grandson. A. looking B. looked C. look D. to look 8. (1)I’m sorry I can’t make myself__________. (2)I’m sorry I can’t make you__________ me. A. understand B. understood C. understanding D. understand 9.(1)I’ve never heard a word of Italian_______. (2)I’ve never heard you________ a word of Italian. A. speaking B. speak C. spoken D. to speak 10.(1)These young men asked the government_______ them to work in Xinjiang. (2)These young men asked_______ to work in Xinjiang. A. sending B. to send C. to be sent D. send 11.(1)The organizer expected the meeting___next week. (2)The organizer expected__the meeting next week. A. to hold B. to be held C. hold D. held 12.(1)He went to a party without________. (2)He went to a party alone without_____________ anyone else. A. inviting B. invited C. being invited D. invite 13. (1) _____ by Hank, we entered the dining room. (2) ____ Hank, we entered the dining room. (3) _____________ Hank, and we entered the dining room.
基础课程教学资料祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 高考英语语法：谓语动词 总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态:英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下: 一般进行完成完成进行 现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing 将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX 祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量祝福您及家人身体健康、万事如意、阖家欢乐！祝福同学们快乐成长，能够取得好成绩，为祖国奉献力量 如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am /is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be 2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下: 一般进行完成完成进行 现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX 过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX 将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX 另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done 主动语态 在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态 一.一般现在时: 1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示 2.用法: ①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作 a. It is fine today. b. I am a student. c. I get up at six every day. d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his offic e. ②.表示客观事实或普遍真理 a. Japan is to the east of China. b. The sun rises in the east. c. A horse is a useful animal. ③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等 a. My train leaves at 6:30. b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow. ④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词 a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.
非谓语动词常考知识点用法必背 一、作宾语 （一）以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语 afford to do（付得起），agree to do（同意），decide to do（决定），determine to do（决心），expect to do（期待），fail to do（未履行），help (to )do（帮助），hope to do（希望），learn to do（学会），manage to do（设法），offer to do（主动提出），plan to do（计划），pretend to do（假装），promise to do（答应），refuse to do（拒绝），seem to do（觉得好像），want to do（想要），wish to do（希望）happen to do 举例：1.The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 2. I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 3. He managed to pass the driving test. 他设法通过了驾驶考试。 4. My father promised to buy me a new bike. 我爸爸答应给我买一辆新单车。 5. He can’t afford to buy an expensive car. 他买不起昂贵的小车。 6. We decide to study hard from now on. 我们决定从现在起努力学习。 （二）以下动词后，只能跟动名词作宾语 avoid doing(避免) ，consider doing（考虑做），enjoy doing（乐于做），keep doing（继续做）finish doing（完成），suggest doing（建议做），dislike doing（不喜欢），escape doing（逃脱）cannot help doing（禁不住），imagine doing（想象），mind doing（介意），miss doing（错过），practise doing（练习），appreciate感激，欣赏 举例：1. You can hardly avoid meeting her if you both work in the same office.如果你们两人在同一个办公室做事，你几乎免不了要遇见她。 2．We are considering going shopping this afternoon.我们正考虑下午去购物。 3. I enjoy reading in the library at weekend. 我喜欢周末在图书馆看书。 4. The little girl escaped being injured in the accident. 这个小女孩没有在这次事故中受伤。 5. We often practice speaking English in the morning. 我们经常在早上练习说英语。 6．I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激两年前能有出国学习的机会. （三）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义不同 stop to do停下、、、去做另一件事mean to do计划/打算做某事try to do尽力做某事 stop doing停止做某事mean doin g 意味着try doing尝试做某事 regret to do遗憾没有/要去做某事go on to do接着去做某事forget to d o忘记去做某事regret doing后悔做了某事go on doing继续做某事forget doing忘记曾做过某事remember to do记得要去做某事remember doing记得曾做过某事 （四）作介词宾语： devote to(doing) sth 献身于，object to (doing) sth.反对，pay attention to注意 get down to开始着手做，lead to导致, look forward to(doing ) sth.盼望stick to坚持，be used to ( doing) sth习惯于等give up doing 放弃 feel like doing想要做某事keep on doing 继续insist on（doing）坚持 e.g.1. I am looking forward to seeing you again. 2. The little boy feels like being taken outside. 3. My grandfather is used to getting up early in the morning. 4. He has devoted his whole life to teaching. （五）以下动词后，既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义没有大区别 begin to do begin doing start to do start doing开始做continue to do continue doing继续做 like to do like doing 1
非谓语动词知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、非谓语动词 1．________, he has to listen to tapes every day. A. To learn English well B. Learn English well C. Learning English well 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：为了学好英语，他不得不每天听录音。选项部分在句子中表示目 的，故用动词不定式，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意动词不定式的成分。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B. 动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句 意及结构，故选B。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体 验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某 人做某事”。故答案为B。 5．I think AI （人工智能） in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future. A. used, be used B. is used, be used C. used, use D. is used, use 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我认为被用在许多领域的人工智能在将来将帮助我们解决许多问 题。AI是名词，___ in many fields做名词AI的定语，AI是动作use的承受着，并且句子是
Non- finite Verbs in writing StepⅠPre-writing : 学生原作赏析： Our Spring Outing National College Entrance Examination is coming. To relax ourselves, our class had a meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. Having a barbecue is our choice. The next day, we set off early in the morning. We climbed the mountain, talking and laughing. When we arrived, we began to barbecue. Having had a big dinner,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view. We were tired but happy. 找出非谓语动词，并判断成分 ? 1. Making o ur city greener is everyone’s duty. ? 2. The government is determined to continue the green program. ? 3. I found my hometown changed so much. ? 4. Having fresh air, trees can reduce air pollution. ? 5. Every effort to the program makes a difference. Proof-reading: 1．Looking from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful . 2. In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing. 3. —Which team is good at cooking? —A team called itself the supper cook. Summary:________________________________________ StepⅢ: While-writing Activity1： ①It is high time we took part in some activities. ②We wanted to make ourselves more healthy. → ____________________________________________________ ①Wangqi climbed so hard that she lost her temper. ②She complained about the long walk. → ____________________________________________________ ①The monitor has set a good example for us . ②The monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her .
谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 首先你要明白在一个英语的单句中只有一个谓语，那么你就要学会怎样划分英语句子中的结构。 先说下什么是单句，单句就是只有一个完整句子结构（句号才是整个句子结束的标志）的句子，没有连词和引导词（像and，what，where，这些的词都没有）。具体的单句结构（五个）就不用我说吧。 eg： ①I love my mother.就是一个单句。 ②English is my best subject which i like.这就是一个复合句（which引导的限制性定语从句），在主语中，english是主语，is是系动词，my best subject 是表语。在从句中（引导词后边的是从句），which作宾语指代subject（subject 是从句的先行词），I作主语，like在这里是行为动词（vt.）作谓语。 给你一个划分简单句结构的例子： eg：I like playing basketball. 这个句子中，I是主语，like是谓语，playing basketball是动名词做宾语，在宾语中playing是非谓语动词，因为我刚刚说过了，一个单句中只有一个谓语，所以like做了谓语，playing就一定是非谓语动词了。
现在和你说下最简单的分辨谓语和非谓语的方法：划分句子的结构。 每个句子首先找到主语，然后是谓语，谓语一般都会和主语靠近（有特殊的情况），那么除去谓语之外的其他动词，都是非谓语动词了。 谓语动词：有以下几种分类 ①行为动词：行为动词又可分为及物（vt.）与不及物（vi.） 那么vi.和vt.的区别可以通过造句的方式来确定。 及物动词：可直接接宾语。(如果不接宾语，那么句意会不完整） 不及物动词：不可以直接接宾语，需借用介词。 eg： I go to school by bus.（go不及物动词，但是和home连接时为go home）He drinks water.（drink是及物动词，中文翻译为他喝水，如果没有宾语water，就成了他喝，那他喝什么呢？句意就不完整了。） ②系动词：be动词（is，am，are，were，was）表主语状态，感官动词（hear，look，listen，tast，sound，appear，seem等），持续性动词（keep，stay，lie，remind等），变化动词（become，go，get，turn等）... ③情态动词：could，should，can，must，may等。
一、表格的用法 1.doing 的用法 （1）在要求动词后（作宾语）：avoid避免appreciate 感激/欣赏acknowledge承认/自认admit 承认advocate 提倡/主张consider 考虑can't help不禁can't stand受不了contemplate细想complete完成confess坦白dislike 不喜欢，讨厌deserve值得delay延迟deny否认dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌恶enjoy享有/喜爱envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原谅fancy幻想/爱好favor 造成/偏爱figure描绘/计算hate讨厌imagine设想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss错过mention说到/讲到mind 介意pardon原谅/饶恕permit允许postpone推迟practice 实行/实践prevent阻止quit放弃停止risk冒险recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢复repent悔悟resent怨恨stand坚持/忍受suggest建议save营救/储蓄tolerate忍受worth值得You should try to avoid making mistakes. The book is worth reading. The book deserves reading. （2）表进行 Walking on the grassland, I saw a snake.=When I was walking on the grassland, I saw a snake. The man speaking English is Tom. = The man who is speaking English is Tom. （3）表主动 The man speaking English is Tom = The man who speaks English is Tom. = The man who spoke English is Tom. Nobody dinks boiling water but boiled water.= Nobody dinks water that is boiling but the water that has boiled. （4）表伴随 I stand outside waiting for Mr. Chen. I lie in bed reading a novel. （5）表性质；特点 The film is very moving. She is understanding, so you had better discuss your business with her. （6）概括性,一般性 Climbing mountain is very interesting. Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(概括性,一般性) Our work is serving the people． （7）动名词的逻辑主语为；①人称代词的所有格+动名词；②名词's+动名词。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them．他坚持要我和他们一起去。 He dislikes his wife's working late．他不喜欢他妻子工作得很晚。
非谓语动词用法辨析 (一)非谓语动词在句中的成分 不定式几乎可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分，动名词起名词的作用。现在分词和过去分词起形容词和副词的作用。 (二)非谓语动词在同一成分中用法的辨析 1．做主语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为为多用动名词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。 Looking after children is her job. To clean the classroom is his job today. 2．做宾语： I like swimming, but I don't like to swim today because I don't feel well. (1)．有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来性意义。如：help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)，等等。 He refused to speak on the radio. He desired to see you．
(2)．.有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接上动名词，含有明显的"依据往事或经验来作出理解和判断"的意思。mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)，avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。 短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，prevent…from，set about，can't help，be/get used to等 短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing等The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river. She can't stand having nothing to do at home. His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking. All the family insisted on my staying with them a few days longer. It's no good learning without practicing. I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. She doesn't feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days. (3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如；like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，prefer．omit(省略)，begin，start. The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed. I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday. 注意：begin和start本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定式。 When we came in, they were beginning to have supper. After his explanation, I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong. (4).有些词后面既可以接不定式．亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意： A．remember，forget，regret接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表示将来意义： Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before. Don't forget to write to me soon. I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time. I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干……事) I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice. I regret to say I can't take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry) B．mean：mean to do=want to do打算，想要……；mean doing：意味着，就是 I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your feelings， I meant to call on you, but I was so busy. Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just working in class.
非谓语动词 在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词） 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。 （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错） To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） （3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式。如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语） 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等
非谓语动词的用法总结 李靖 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中都不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。不定式表目的，表将来；动名词表主动，表进行；过去分词表被动，表完成。 一．作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数) 1）不定式、动名词都可做主语，但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。（泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。 2）用动名词做主语的句型: It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣 It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间 It is worth doing sth 值得做某事 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。 3）不定式做主语的句型. It is + adj +for sb to do sth. 比较：表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现 时。 It is silly of you to say so. It is important for us to learn English well. It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language. 4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。如： When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。 Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题。 5）一般情况下，不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实。 . Planting flowers needs constant watering. 但and连接的多个动名词作主语，谓语动词大多用复数（如果前后动名词的语义一致， 谓语一般用单数）。如：Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的。 6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构。如： ----- What made him angry? ------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late（made him angry. 7being，构成动名词，做主语。如： . Being examined twice a year , driver must obey in this city. 经典练习：