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英语词根记忆法

英语基本词汇快速记忆

1.词根cord---

英语中cord---这个词根来自拉丁名词cor的所有格形式cordis,其含义相当于我们英语的heart(心)一词。

accord vi.

[ac---(towards, 向)+---cord(heart, 心)]

〓one heart toward other heart, 心与心相向

→使一致,同意,给予(欢迎,赞扬等)

What you have just said does not accord with what you told us yesterday.

你刚才所说的话与你昨天告诉我们的不一致。

同族词:accordance n. 一致,和谐

according to prep. 根据,按照

accordingly adv. 因而,因此,相应地

concord n.

[con---(together with, 共同)+---cord(heart, 心)]

〓a heart together with another heart, 同心,一致,和谐

The two nations have lived in concord for several centuries.

这两个民族已和谐相处了好几个世纪了。

同族词:concordance n. 和谐,一致

concordant n. 和谐的,一致的

concordantly adv. 和谐地,一致地

discord n.

[dis---(part, 离)+---cord(heart, 心)]

〓one heart apart from another one’s, 心与心相离

→不和,不一致

The two old friends split up after months of discord.

两个老朋友闹了几个月的矛盾终于分手了。

同族词:discordance n. 有和,争吵

discordant a. 不和的,争吵的

discordantly adv. 不和地,争吵地

record n.& v.

[re---(back, again, 回再)+---cord(heart, 心)]

〓back in the heart, 回到心里

→记录,记载,录音

What is your impression of your tour to the mysterious tribe? You should record them.

你访问了那个神秘的部落后有什么印象?你应该把它记录下来。

同族词:recordable n. 可记录的

recording n. 录音,记录

recorder n. 录音机

recordist n. 记录员

[cord---(heart, 心)+---ial(have a connection with…, 同…有关联)]

〓have a connection with heart, 与心有关

→内心的,衷心的,真诚的

She always gave her customers cordial smiles.

她总是对她的顾客莞尔而笑。

同族词:cordiality n. 热诚,诚心

cordially adv. 真诚地

练习一

1.根据已知词义写出未知词义:

accord n. 一致,调和--- →discordance (n.)

record v. 记录--- →recordable (a.)

courage n. 勇气--- →encouragement (n.)

(提示:cour来自法语,等于拉丁名词cor,cor是cord的异体)2.指出下列句子中含有本节讲授的词根,并将句子翻译成汉语:

a. She is a careful person who likes to keep a record of her expenditures?

b. The host greeted the guests with much cordiality.

2.词根corp---, corpor---

这里的同源异形词根corp---和corpor---分别来自拉丁名词corpus及其属格形式corporis 的词干部分,其意义相当于英语中我们所熟知的body(体,人体)

corps n.

[corp---(body, 人体,人)+---s(表示复数)]

〓set of person, 一批人

→军,军团

Marine Corps 海军陆战队

the Medical Corps 军医团

corporation n.

[corpor---(body, 体,整体)+---ation(表示行为的结果)]

〓the result of making into a bldy, 组成一个团体

→团体,法人,公司,合并

I will meet a president of a large business corporation this morning, that’s why I am

dressed up.

因为我今天上午要会见一个大公司的总裁,所以我要如此衣冠楚楚。

Incorporate v.

[in---(into, 入)+---(body, 整体)+---ate(to made or cause, 使…)]

〓to make or cause into a bldy, 使…成为整体

→组成公司,包含

Will you incorporate our business into your new corporation?

你愿意将我们的业务纳入你的新公司吗?

同族词:agricorporation n. 农业综合公司

incorporation n. 合并,公司,社团

incorporator n. 合并者,公司创办人,社团成员

[corpus---(body, 体)+---cle(tiny thing, 微小的东西)]

〓the thing whose body is very small, 微小的物体

→微粒,粒子,[医]血球,细胞

In the blood there are red and white corpuscles.

血液中有红、白两种血球。

练习二

1.连接相应的词义:

(a)corporeal (1)combined into one body

(b)incorporate (2)entire body

(c)corus (3)physical body

(d)corporate (4)to bring people together into a legal entity

(e)corpulence (5)the state of being very fat

(f)corporal (6)related to the body

2.判断下列词义:

corporator(n.) corporealize(v.)

corpse(n.) corpulent(a.)

incorporation(n.) corporal(a.)

3.词根cred---, credit---

cred---和credit是同源异形词根,均来自拉丁动词credere, 意思相当于英语中的to believe(相信)或是to trust(信任)。其中cred---是不定式词干,credit---是动名词词干。下面要介绍的五个单词就是由这个词根构成的。

credit n.

[credit(to believe or trust, 相信,信任)]

〓the act of belief or trust, 相信,信任

→相信,信誉,信用,荣誉,货款,存款

T he well---known scientist is a credit to his former school.

那著名科学家给他的母校增添了荣光。

同族词:creditable a. 可信任的,值得称赞的

creditor n. 债主,债权人

反义词:debit n. 负债,借方

discredit n.

[dis---(the opposite of …, 与…相反)+---credit(相信)]

〓loss of repute, 失去信任,丧失信誉

→怀疑,玷辱

The jealous wife discredited everything her husband said.

那个嫉妒的妻子怀疑丈夫所说的一切。

同族词:discreditable a. 有损信誉的

credible a.

[cred(to believe, 信任)+---ible(capable of…能…的)]

〓capable of being believed, 可信的,可靠的

The story is credible.

这真实可信。

While the scandal of his private life spreads, he hardly seems credible as a politician.

随着那个政治家私生活丑闻的传播,他几乎无法再让人信任他了。

同族词:credibility n. 可靠性

credential n.

[cred---(to believe, 相信)+---ential(causing 使…的)]

〓thing causing to believe (a person’s authority etc.)让人相信的

→(能证明某人身份等的)证件,凭证

The foreign ambassador presented his credentials to the president of the country.

那位外国大使向这个国家的元首递交到任国书。

accredit vt.

[ac---(toward向,到)+---credit(to believe,相信)]

〓to give the power to act for an organization, to recognize, 授权给…以让某一组织行事

→认可,授权,鉴定,任某人为

He is the accredited representative of the firm.

他是那家公司的法定代表人。

练习三

1.请分析下面的单词的词根,并试着写出它们的词义:

credible credibility

credulous credibly

incredible incredibly

accredit incredibility

overcredulous incredulous

2.从词根判断出下列单词的含义,然后选出相应的字母填入题目前的横杠中:

_______ (1) credence

(a)accountant (b)completement

(c)artificial (d)belief

_______ (2) creditor

(a)owner (b)borrower

(c)trust (d)lonely

_______ (3) credible

(a)trustworthy (b)unbelievable

(c)crowded (d)crown

_______ (4) discreditable

(a)shy (b)shameful

(c)sorry (d)sad

4. 词根cur---, curs---, cours---

cur---, curs---, cours这三个词根均出自拉丁动词curere, 意思相当于英语的to run(跑)。

其中cur---是这个动词的不定式词干curr, 可用于构成动词;crus---是动名词词干,cours---是curs---的重读形式,在英语中,后两个一般只出现在名词和形容词中。这里要介绍的四个单词是由上述词根构成的。

occur vi.

[oc---(towards, 向)+---cur(to run, 跑)]

〓to run towards, 向…跑来

→发现,发生,被想到

H ow did the vehicle accident occur?

交通事故是如何发生的?

同族词:occurrence n. 出现,发生

occurrent a. 目前正发生的,偶发的

concur vi.

[con---(together with, 共同)+---cur(to run, 跑)]

〓to run together with each other, 一同跑来

→同时发生,同意,一致,赞成

The majority of people concurred on what should be done at next stage.

至于下一步该如何去做,大部分人的意见是一致的。

同族词:conurrent a. 同时发生的

concurrence n. 同时发生,同意

cruuent n. & a.

[curr-(to run, 跑)+---ent(---ing, 的)]

〓running, 跑动的,流动的,流行的

The current of this river is very gentle.

这条河的水流很和缓。

Mary was clothed in the current mode.

玛丽穿着时髦。

同族词:currency n. 流通,货币

cruuently adv. 流行地

recur vi.

[re---(again, 再,回)+---cur(to run, 跑)]

〓to run back again, 又跑回来

→复发,重现,再发生

After one bad attack, her malaria never recurs any more.

她的疟疾剧烈发作过一次后,就再也没有复发了。

同族词:recurrence n. 重现,复发

recurrent n. 屡次发生的

练习四

1.试写出下列生词的中文意思,分析词根在与不同词缀结合时的意义变化:discourse incur recourse

discursive incursion excursive

excursion precursor precursory concourse concurrent recurrence recurrent

2.把下列句子译成汉语,注意词根意义的演变:

(a)The dollar is the standard unit of currency of the United States of America.

(b)He is cursory reader.

(c)Kepler was the precursor of Newton.

(d)This is the second occurrence of murder of a little child this year in this city.

(e)The museum has a large concourse.

5. 词根cresc---, cret---, cre---

这是一组同源异形词根,它们都来自拉丁动词cresere, 在英语中的意思是to grow(生长),其中cresc---是不定式词干,cret---是动名词词干,cre---是cret---在添加后缀时的变形。下面所要讲解的单词就是由上面的词根构成的。

increase v. & n.

[in---(into, 进来)+---creas---(cresc---重读形式,意为to grow, 生长)+---e]

〓to grow into, 增进

→(1)v. to make or become larger in amount or number, 增加,增长,增大

As his vocabulary grew, his confidence increased.

他认识的词汇越多,信心就越强。

(2)n. arise in amount, number etc. , 数量、总量上的增加量

Friendliness is after all on the increase in the world.

世上的友善毕竟是有增无减的。

同族词:increasing a. 增长的

increasingly adv. 日益增长地

反意词:decrease v. & n. 减少,减少量

decreasingly adv. 渐减地

concrete v. & a. & n.

[con---(=com---)(together with, 在一起)+---cret---(to grow, 生长)+---e]

〓to grow together with each other, 长在一起或结在一块

→(1)a. existing as something real or solid, actual, 固定有形的,具体的,实际的

Sunshine is not concrete but the sun is.

阳光是无固定形状的,而太阳却有。

(2)n. a building material made by mixing sand, very small stones, cement and water, 混

凝土

(3)v. to cover with concrete, 用混凝土覆盖

The workers are still busy with concreting the roof.

工人们正忙着给房顶铺上混凝土。

excreacence n.

[ex---(out, 出)+---cresc---(to grow, 生长)+---ence(the result of, 表示行为的结果)]

〓growing or growth on which is out of the normal state, 超出正常状态的生长(或生

长物)

→an ugly growth on an animal or plant, 动物或植物体上生长的赘物

Doctor! This is my son, recently he’s got a sort of strange excrescence on his belly.

医生!这是我的儿子,最近他肚子上长了一种奇怪的瘤子。

同族词:excrescent a. 赘生的,多余的

练习五

1.比较下列构词规律,在空格中填上相应单词:

increase 增加decrease 减少

increment 增值---------- 减少量

incresent 渐盈的---------- 渐亏的

2.推断下列词义:

concretion concretive concreteness

decremeter crescendo increscent

accrete concrescence accretion

excrescent

6.词根cur---

在拉丁语中,名词cura的词干部分cru---就相当于英语中的词根cue---, 意思是care(关心,注意)。它与上面介绍的意为to run(跑)的词根cur(r)形体相同。实际上这是两个词根,意义当然不同。区别方法是,词根cur(r)在派生词中,或在重读音节中,发音为[k:]或[K^]或[K:]。结构上必以curr的形式连接后缀。而现在介绍的词根cur---一定是添加后缀构词,且发音总是[kju:]。请通过下列例词加以分辨其间的区别所在。

cure v. & n.

[cur(care, 关心,注意)+---e]

〓to care(for the sick), 对(病人)关心

→治疗,治愈,纠正

Scientists are working on a cure for AIDS.

科学家们正在研究治疗艾兹病的方法。

The school doctor cured her of diarrhoea.

校医治疗好了她的拉肚子毛病。

同族词:curable 可治疗的

cureless 无法治疗的

curative 治疗的

curious a.

[cur---(care, 关心,注意)+---ious(causing or filling, 引起…的,充满…的)]

〓causing one’s care for…, 惹人注意的;full of special care for…对…特别关心的

Don’t be too curious about what you are not supposed to know.

不该知道的事,最好不要多打听。

同族词:curiosity 新奇心,好奇

curiousness 新奇,好奇

curiously 好奇地

curioso 古董家

curio 古玩

accurate a.

[ac---(to 对着)+---cur---(care, 关心,注意)+---are(having, 有…的)]

〓having much care to (something), 对(某事物),极为用心的

→精确的,准确的

His reply to this complicated question is accurate in every detail.

他对这个复杂问题的回答是精确无误的。

同族词:accuracy n. 精确

accurately adv. 精确地,准确地

accurateness n. 精确

secure a. & v.

[se---(apart from, 离开)+---cur---(care, 关心)+---e]

〓apart from the state of causing care or worry.

离开令人关心或牵挂的状态

→无忧无虑的,安心的,有把握的,保险的

The little boy felt secure in his mother’s arms.

这男孩子在妈妈的怀抱里感到很放心。

同族词:security n. 安全,保护

securer n. 保卫者

securement n. 把握,稳当性

incurious n.

[in---=not 不+curious(好奇的)]

〓not curious 不好奇的,不爱细问的

→devoid of curiosity, careless, heedless 没兴趣的

The mother is getting more and more worried, because her daughter is incurious about

study.

作母亲的越来越焦急,因为她女儿对学习毫无兴趣。

同族词:incuriously adv. 没兴趣地,无好奇心地

incuriosity a. 无好奇心

练习六

1.在下列单词后的括号里填上C或R,其中C与R的含义分别是to Care和to Run:current ( ) curious ( ) excursion ( )

currency ( ) secure ( ) curator ( )

incur ( ) recur ( ) incuriosity ( )

procure ( ) occur ( ) concourrent ( )

2.将下面两个句子译成汉语,并指出其中划线的单词中词根的涵义。

(1)He has procured a ticket for you.

(2)Almost all the participants concurred with him.

(3)The criminal’s three seven-year sentences were concurrent.

(4)The train station has a large concourse.

(5)This lamp works only on alternating current.

7. 词根dic---, dict---

拉丁动词dicere的不定式词干就是词根dic---, dict---则是其动名词词干,意思都相当于to say(说)。在英语中,dic的派生词较少,dict---的派生词却较多。

indicate vt.

[in---(towards, 对着)+---dic---(to say, 说)+---ate(to make, 使…)]

〓to make known clearly, 使某事说清楚

→表示,暗示,指出

This signpost is indicating the right road to the villa.

这个路标指示去山庄的正确道路。

同族词:indication n. 指示,象征

indicative a. 指示的,表示的

dictate v.

[dict---(to say, 说)+---ate(to do or make, )]

〓to say, make a speech, or read aloud (words to be written down by another or others)

讲话,宣读让其他人记录

→(1)口授,使听写(2)命令,支配

The retired general dictated one chapter of his autobiography to his secretary everyday.

这位退休将军每天向秘书口授一节的回忆录。

同族词:dictation n. 口授,口授的资料

dictator n. 独裁者

diction n.

[dict---(to say, 说话)+---ion(the manner of…表示行为的方式)]

〓the manner or art of saying, 说话的方法或艺术

→措辞,辞令

After his speech, the graduate was loudly applauded for his good dicton.

这位毕业生演说完后,他的美妙的措辞给他赢得了阵阵热烈的掌声。

同族词:dictionary n. 字典

contradict v.

[contra---(against, 对抗)+---dict(to say, 说)]

〓to say or speak against, 以言相抗

→反驳,否认

His deeds contradicted his own belief.

他的行为与他的信仰相互抵触。

同族词:contradiction n. 矛盾

contradictory a. 矛盾的,对立的

predict v.

[pre---(beforehand, 预先)+---dict(to say, 说)]

〓to see or describe (a future happening) in advance as a result of knowledge,

experience 预先报告

→预告,预测

The TV weather report predicted that there will be rain tomorrow.

电视里的天气预报说明天有雨。

同族的:prediction n. 预言

predictable a. 可预言的

练习七

1.选择词义相近的词:

(1)predict

a. forecast

b. forward

c. fortune

d. farewell

(2)dictum

a. vote

b. pronouncement

c. energy

d. alarm

(3)prediction

a. prophecy

b. contrition

c. anger

d. harassment

(4)edict

a. decree

b. correction

c. fault

d. disclaimer

(5)interdict

a. organ

b. order

c. docile

d. ride

(6)benediction

a. bright

b. blessing

c. blonde

d. beauty

(7)malediction

a. responsible

b. treat

c. invitation

d. curse

(8)jurisdiction

a. divided

b. individual

c. power

d. person

(9)verdict

a. before

b. character

c. judgment

d. document

8. 词根duc---, duct---

词根duc---, duct---都来自拉丁动词ducere, 含义为英语中的to lead(引导)。这对词根可孽生出上百个同根词,这里我们仅介绍几个最常见的。

conduct v. & n.

[con---(together with, 同…一起)+---duct(to lead, 引导)]

〓leading(someone or oneself) to a certain result, 引导(别人或自身)

→引导,指导,陪伴,(作名词时)行为,德行

A t present many young people are eager to know how to conduct a business.

现如今许多青年人渴望精通如何经营生意。

H is conduct in factory is excellent.

他在工厂里的操行非常好。

同族词:conductive n. 有助益的,促成…的

conductor n. 向导,指导者,导体,(乐队)指挥

educate v.

[e---(=ex---)(out of, 从…出来)+---duc---(to lead, 引导)+---ate(构成动词的后缀)]

〓to lead someone out of…, 把某人从…状态中引导出来

→教育,教养

He was educated at home by his mother.

他是母亲在家里教育成人的。

同族词:education n. 教育,教育的过程

educator n. 教育者

educative n. 有教育意义的

introduce vt.

[intro---(into, 进)+---duc(to lead, 引导)+---e]

〓to lead into, 引入

→输入,采用,介绍,提出,把…插入

The chairman introduced the main speaker to the audience.

大会主席向与会者介绍了主讲人。

同族词:introducer n. 引进者,介绍人

introduction n. 引进,介绍,序言

introductory n. 介绍的,导言的

produce v. & n.

[pro---(forward, 向前)+---duc---(to lead, 引导)+---e]

〓to lead or bring forward to some result, 带领向前,引出结果

→生产,制造,(名词时)产品

Prof. Qian Zhongshu is one of the finest writers our country has ever produced during

last decades.

钱钟书是我国近几十年造就出的最优秀的作家之一。

The farmers sold their produce at the market.

农民在市场上出售他们的作物。

同族词:producer n. 生产者,制造者

production n. 生产,总成果

productive n. 生产的,多产的

productivity n. 生产能力,生产率

reduce v.

[re---(backward, 向后)+---duc---(to lead, 引导)+---e]

〓to lead backward, 引回, 使…后退

→降级,减少

He has to reduce his daily quota of cigarettes for health.

为了健康,他不得不减少每天的吸烟量。

同族词:reducible n. 可缩减的

reducer n. 缩减者,减速器

reduction n. 减少,缩小

reductive a. 减少的

反义词:irreducible a. 不能减少的

练习十五

1.同义相连

a. deduce 1. of or about education

b. aqueduct 2. persuade to do something more or less wrong by

making it seem attractive; entice

c. misconduct 3. a woman conductor

d. conductress 4. to behave oneself badly or improperly, esp. with a

person of the opposite sex

e. abbuction 5. a pipe or canal that carries water supply

f. seduce 6. decide from general principles in relation to a particular

thing, fact, event, etc.

g. educational 7. take away a person unlawfully

2.用sub, tra---(trans---)加上本节词根构词,再对照字典弄清它们的意义。

9.词根fac---fic---, fact---, fect---

fac---, fic---, fact---, fect---是一组同源异形词根,来自拉丁动词facere, 其意义与英语的to do 或是to make(做)相同。其中fac---是原拉丁动词的不定式词干,fact---是其动名词词干,fic---是其异体ficere的词干部分,fect---这个异体的动名词词干。

facile a.

[fac---(to do, 做)+---ile(able to be or easy to be, 易于…的,能够…的)]

〓able or easy to be done, 敏捷的,熟练的

B eing a facile speaker, she is a successful public relation girl.

她能言善辩,是名出色的公关小姐。

同族词:facility n. 灵巧;设备

fiction n.

[fic---(ficere的词干部分,意为to make, 做)+---tion(构成名词的词尾)]

〓to make something, 构造,做出来的

→捏造,小说

Mr. Qiong Yao has written both TV play and fiction.

琼瑶女士既写电视剧也写小说。

同族词:fictional a. 小说的

fictionalize v. 虚构

fictionist n. 小说家

nonfictional a. 非小说的

efficient a.

[ef---(=ex)(outward, 向外的)+---fic---(to, do, 做)+---i+---ent(able to, 构成形容词的

词尾)]

〓being ab le to do well and without waste, 可以做出而且做好的,没有浪费的

→有能力的,有效的

To learn word stem is an efficient way of expanding your English vocabulary.

学习词根是扩大英语词汇量的一种行之有效的方法。

同族词:efficiency n. 效率,效益

efficiently adv. 有效地

fact n.

[fact(拉丁名词factum的词干部分,意为thing which is done, 做过的事)]

〓anything that has been done or occurred. 做过或发生过的事

→事实,实际,真相

Facts speak louder than eloguence.

事实胜于雄辩。

He doesn’t mind your joke. In fact h e is very pleased.

他不仅不介意你的玩笑,相反他很高兴。

同族词:facture a. 事实的,真实的

factory n. 工厂

affect vt.

[af---(=ad---)(upon, 在…之上)+---fact(to do or act, 做,起作用)]

〓to cause some result or change in; influence 作用于…之上

→影响,感动

Lack of sleep affects health.

睡眠不足影响健康。

He was deeply affected by the new of his best friend’s death.

他的最好朋友猝然去世的消息深深地震撼了他的心。

同族词:affection n. 影响,感情

affective a. 感情方面的,表达感情的

affected a. 受影响的

affectation n. 虚饰,装腔作势

affecting a. 动人的,伤心的

effect n. & v.

[ef---(=ex---)(outward, 出,向外的)+---fect(to do or make, 做,造)]

〓to cause, produce, or have as a result 做出,造出

→产生,实现,结果,效果

同族词:effective a. 有效的

effectively adv. 有效地,印象深刻的

effectiveness n. 有效,生效

effectual a. 收效的,有效的

effectuate v. 使奏效,实现

infect vt.

[in---(into, 进入)+---fect(to make, 做,使)]

〓to make…into(the body), 使…进入(身体)

→(向或在…内部发生作用)传染,感染

The spreading disease infected his eyes, finally he became blind.

疾病的扩散影响了眼睛,以至他双目失明。

同族词:infection n. 传染,感染,传染病

infectious a. 传染的,可以感染别人的

反义词:disinfect v. 消毒,净化

练习九

1.从所学的词根知识,你能判断出下面单词的词义吗?

affect fact affective

factual affection factor

defect factory defection

perfect defective perfection

effect proficient effective

proficiency deficient unification

manufacture efficient efficiency

fictional fictitious disfigure

transfigure transfiguration

2.选择相近词义相连:

a. malefactor 1. the act of making one fulfilled

b. factotum 2. dexterity

c. satisfaction 3. criminal

d. facility 4. versatile person

e. fictionist 5. the arrangement of various parts of something, shape

f. figure 6. person who write fiction

g. configuration 7. shape of whole human body

10.词根fer---

拉丁动词fere的不定式词干就是fer---, 其含义可用三个英语的近义词来表述:to carry(拿),to bring(带来),to bear(负担,产生)。具体含义在不同的派生词中略有差异,请读者从下面的例子中仔细体会。

confer v.

[con---(together with, 一起)+---fer(to bring, 带来)]

〓to bring someone’s view together with other’s 把各人的观点带到一起来。

→协商,交换意见

T he department directors conferred about curriculum development.

系主任们商议课程开发问题。

同族词:conference n. 会议,讨论会

differ vi.

[dif---(dis---)(apart, 商+---fer(to carry or bear, 拿产生))

〓to carry apart from each other, 拿开,互相分离

→be unlike, disagree, 不同,相异

Gold necklace differs from pearl one as to origin and cost.

金项链和珍珠项链在原料和价格等方面各不相同。

同族词:difference n. 不同,差异

different a. 不同的,各种

differently adv. 不同地

differential a. 不同的

反义词:concur v. 相同,一致

agree v. 相同,符合

offer v.

[of---(=ob---)(towards, 向)+---fer(to carry, 拿)]

〓to carry something towards somebody, 向某人送去某物

→(1)present for acceptance, 提供

(2)propose, 提议

She accepted his offer of driving her home.

她接受搭他的车回家。

同族词:offering n. 提供,礼物

prefer v.

[pre---(before, 在…之前)+---fer(to bring, 带)]

〓to bring something before others, 先拿走的

→like better, 偏爱,喜欢,宁愿(选择)

“What would you like to drink, tea or coffee?” He asked me. “I prefer tea to coffee.” I

replied.

“喝茶,还是咖啡?”他问我。“我喜欢喝茶,而不喜欢喝咖啡。”我答道。

同族词:preference n. 优先,偏爱

preferable a. 更可取的,更好的

preferential a. 优先的

refer v.

[re---(back, 回)+---fer(to bring, 带)]

〓to bring something back, 把某物带回去

→把…归于,认为…起源于,指教,参考

I am happy to refer you to the following people who can tell you about my work and my

character.

请向下面人士了解我的工作职绩和操行。

同族词:reference n. 参考

referable a. 可参考的

reefeeree n. 裁判员

referral n. 参考

transfer v.

[trans---(across, 越过)+---fer(to carry, 送)]

〓to carry something across some area, 把某物穿越某地送到另一地

→调动,转移,传送

The headquarters of that trading corporation has been transferred from Tokyo to

Yokhama.

那个贸易公司的总部已由东京迁至横滨。

同族词:transference n. 移动,调动,转让

transferable a. 可转移的,可转让的

练习十

1.判断下列几组单词的意义:

(1)infer, inference, inferential, inferable

(2)indifferential, indifference

(3)fertile, fertility, fertilize

(4)suffer, sufferance

(5)defer, deferential

(6)prefer, preference, preferential

(7)refer, reference, referendum

(8)transfer, transference, transferal

2.词根fer---能与许多后缀或前缀结合,构成成百上千个单词。请说出下列句子中含有---fer---单词,并将句子译成汉语:

(1)The transference of his property was handled by a lawyer.

(2)There is no difference between these two proposals raised by him.

(3)The annual conference of world environment reservation was held in Beijing last month.

11.词根fin---

词根fin---来自拉丁名词finis, 意思是end(末尾)或是limit(界限)。下面的单词即是由这个词根构成的。

final a.

[fin---(end, 末尾)+---al(of…的)]

〓(1)last, 最后的

(2)decisive, 决定性的

(3)conclusive, 最终的

Z is the final letter in the alphabet.

Z是英语字母表中最后一个字母。

同族词:finality n. 结尾,定局

finalist n. 决赛选手

finalize v. 把…定下来,定稿

finish v.

[fin---(the end, 结尾)+---ish(=---ise)(bring to, 导致,使)]

〓bring to an end, 导致结束

→结束,完成

My younger brother finished his four-year college study at the age of 19.

我弟弟19岁即完成了大学四年学业。

同族词:finisher n. 完工者,决定性的事件

finished a. 完美的,精美的

fine a.

[fin---(end, 结尾→completeness, 完成)+---e]

〓being complete, 结束的,完成的,做好的

→(1)good, excellent, beautiful, 好的,优秀的,美的

Her daughter has grown up to be a fine young lady.

他的女儿已出落成一美丽的少女。

(2)to punish some one by taking money from him for a settlement, 罚某人的款以解

决问题

That couple were fined heavily for having too many children.

那对夫妇因超生而被重重地罚了款。

同族词:finery n. 华丽的服饰

finable a. 可罚款的,该罚款的

finance n. & v.

[fin---(由上词的第二义penalty演变为to deal with money affairs, 处理金钱事

务)+---ance(the act or manner of, 表示行为或方式)]

〓the science of the control of (esp. public) money, 控制金钱(尤其是公共财产)的学

→n.理财,财政

receipts issued by Ministry of finance

财政部监制的发票

v.筹措资金,供资金给…,

financing through the specialist 专家理财

同族词:financial a. 财政的,金融的

financier n. 财政家,金融家

confine n. & v.

[con---(=com---)(within, 在…之内)+---fin---(limit, 界限)+---e]

〓to enclose within a limit, 在一定界限内接近

→n. boundary, 界限,疆界

The precious animal emerges within the confines of our country.

那种珍贵的动物出没于我国的疆土。

v. to shut or keep in a small space.

停留或关闭在一个小范围内,限制

The president of our company was confined to bed for a week with his illness.

公司总裁因患病卧床一周。

同族词:confinable a. 可限制的

confinement n. 限制,监禁

define v.

[dee---(down, 在…之下)+---fin---(limit, 界限)+---e]

〓to set the limits down, 定下界限

→to give the meaning(s) of…, 给…下定义,规定,划出界限

This book attempts to define the position of the state government in city affairs.

这本书试图界定州政府在城市事务中的作用和地位。

同族词:definable a. 可限定的,可下定义的

definite a. 限定的,明确的

definition n. 界限,定义

definitive a. 限定的,确定的

练习十一

1.根据括号里的英文释意写出下列单词的中文意思:

(1)unconfined _______ (limitless time or space)

(2)finis _______ (the end or conclusion)

(3)undefined _______ (free or not kept)

(4)define _______ (to set a limit)

(5)definitive _______ (condusive)

(6)infinity _______ (not giving any meaning)

(7)refinement _______ (the act or quality of making pure)

(8)infinitesimal _______ (the from of the verb that can be used after other verbs and with to

before it.)

2.用横线把意义相同的单词连接起来:

confinement 有限,限定

confine 有限的

indefinable 不明确的

indefinite 难下定义的

infinite 无穷数

infinity 无穷大,大量

infinitude 广大无边的

finite 界线,限制,监禁

finality 限制

definitudee 结尾,终结

finitude 明确,精确

12. 词根flu---

词根flu---来自拉丁动词fluere, 意思是to flow(流动)。flu---有个异形根flux---,它来自拉丁动名词fluxum的词干部分。下面我们来看看这个词根是如何与其它的前后缀相结合而构成新词的。

fluid a. & n.

[flu---(to flow, 流)+---id(having the quality of…, 具有…的性质)

〓having the quality of flowing, 具有流动性的

→(1)a. able to flow, unfixed, 可流动的,非固定的

We have only just started to think of the project, and our ideas on the topic are still fluid.

我们刚刚开始从事这个项目,所以关于这个方面的内容我们的想法都还游移不定。

(2)n. flowing substance, not solid, 流体,非固体

Milk is not solid, but fluid.

牛奶不是固体,而是液体。

同族词:fluidity n. 流动性,流度

反义词:solid n. 固体

gas, vapour n. 气体

affluent a.

[af---(ad---)(to, 向)+---flu---(to flow, 流)+---ent(---ing, …的)]

〓flowing freely to…, 向…涌流而来的

→abundant, wealthy, 丰富的,富裕的

People call those most affluent man as Dakuan.

人们把富有的人称作大款。

同族词:affluently adv. 富裕地,丰富地

affluence n. 丰富,富裕

fluent a.

[flu---(to flow, 流)+---ent(---ing, 表示性质)]

〓flowing easily, 流畅的

→(尤指说话方面)语言流利的,口齿伶俐的

The Canadian student who studies at Beijing University is fluent in Chinese.

在北大学习的加拿大留学生大山的汉语说得很流利。

同族词:fluency n. 流畅,流利

fluently adv. 流畅地,流利地

influence n. & v.

[in---(into, 进入)+---flu---(to flow, 流)+---ence(the state of…, …的情形)]

〓the state of someone’s thought flowing onto other’s, 某人的思想流进别人的脑海

→(1)n. a power to gain an effect on the mind of, 影响力

My mother is the major influence on my life.

我一生受母亲的影响最大。

(2)v. to have an effect of, 影响,改变

People in the countryside once believed that a person’s birthday influenced his life.

过去农村中有许多人相信,一个人的生辰对他的一生都有影响。

同族词:influential a. 有影响的,施以影响的

练习十九

1.选出与下列单词意义最接近的答案:

(1)confluence

(a)confused and deeply troubled

(b)the flowing together of two or more streams

(c)to enclose within limits

(d)to become thick or solid

(2)influx

(a)constant change

(b)magnetic force, as around the South Pole

(c)a continuing flowing in as of people or thing.

(d)unyielding; stubborn

(3)superfluous

(a)more than is necessary

(b)a person who is full of life

(c)on the surface, not deep

(d)the highest degree of comparison

(4)fluctuation

(a)a flood

(b)a confusing situation

(c)the monthly cycle of the tides

(d)continual change; vacillation

(5)effluence

(a)power to effect

(b)political power by indirect means

(c)a flowing out

(d)an oily scum, as on water

(6)affluence

(a)to cause result or change in

(b)having plenty of money or other possession

(c)be rude to or hurt the feelings of

(d)relationship, close likeness, or connection

2.指出下列单词的词根及其含义:

inflexible infinitive

indifferent inadequate

inflation energetic

effluent faculty

prefigure reflect

13. 词根fund---, found---, fus---

拉丁动词fundere有三个同源异形根,它们就是fus---, fund---和found, 意义为英语中的to melt(熔化)或to pour(浇注),三个异形根中,found来自原动词的不定式词干,found 是fund的重读形式,fus来自动名词词干。其中fus---的构词能力最强,由它构成的词使用的频率也高。

confuse v.

[con(=com)(together, 一起)+---fus(to melt, 熔化)+---e]

〓to melt together and mix up, 熔为一体并混合起来

→to make less clear, 使不清楚;cause to be mistaken, 搞乱,混淆

I often confused names of the twin sisters and could not tell who is who.

我常常把那双胞胎姐妹的名字弄混了,分不清楚谁是谁。

同族词:confusion n. 混乱,慌乱

confusable a. 可能被混淆的

confound v. 使混乱、迷惑、惊讶

refuse v.

[re---(back, 回)+---fus---(to pour, 浇灌)+---e]

〓to pour back as unable to contain, 容纳不下而往回倒灌

→not(to accept or do or give)不(接受,做,给)

He asked her to give him a lift but she refused.

他请求搭她的便车,但被拒绝了。

同族词:refusal n. 拒绝

同义词:reject, decline v. 拒绝

反义词:accept v. 拒绝

fuse n. & v.

[fus---(to melt, 熔化)+---e]

melt or join by melting, 熔化,熔合

Copper and zino are fused to make brass.

铜和锌熔和后制成黄铜。

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