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2018年高考英语全国卷2(附答案)

2018年高考英语全国卷2(附答案)
2018年高考英语全国卷2(附答案)

2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试

英语试题

(本试卷共12 页。时间:120 分钟总分:150 分)

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)

做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

例:How much is the shirt?

A. £19. 15

B. £9. 18

C. £9. 15

答案是C。

第一节

听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does John find difficult in learning German?

A. Pronunciation.

B. Vocabulary.

C. Grammar.

2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Colleagues.

B. Brother and sister.

C. Teacher and student.

3. Where does the conversation probably take place?

A. In a bank.

B. At a ticket office.

C. On a train.

4. What are the speakers talking about?

A. A restaurant.

B. A street.

C. A dish.

5. What does the woman think of her interview?

A. It was tough.

B. It was interesting.

C. It was successful.

第二节

听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间

阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6 段材料,回答第6、7 题。

6. When will Judy go to a party?

A. On Monday.

B. On Tuesday.

C. On Wednesday.

7. What will Max do next?

A. Fly a kite.

B. Read a magazine.

C. Do his homework.

听第7 段材料,回答第8、9 题。

8. What does the man suggest doing at first?

A. Going to a concert.

B. Watching a movie.

C. Playing a computer game.

9. What do the speakers decide to do?

A. Visit Mike.

B. Go boating.

C. Take a walk.

听第8 段材料,回答第10 至12 题。

10. Which color do cats see better than humans?

A. Red.

B. Green.

C. Blue.

11. Why do cats bring dead birds home?

A. To eat them in a safe place.

B. To show off their hunting skills.

C. To make their owners happy.

12. How does the man sound at the end of the conversation?

A. Grateful.

B. Humorous.

C. Curious.

听第9 段材料,回答第13 至16 题。

13. Who is Macy?

A. Ed ’s mother.

B. Ed ’s teacher.

C. Ed ’s friend.

14. How does Ed usually go to kindergarten?

A. By car.

B. On foot.

C. By bus.

15. What does Ed enjoy doing at the kindergarten?

A. Telling stories.

B. Sing songs.

C. Playing with others.

16. What do the teachers say about Ed?

A. He ’s clever.

B. He ’s quiet.

C. He ’s brave.

听第10段材料,回答第17 至20 题。

17. At what age did Emily start learning ballet?

A. Five.

B. Six.

C. Nine.

18. Why did Emily move to Toronto?

A. To work for a dance school.

B. To perform at a dance theater.

C. To learn contemporary dance.

19. Why did Emily quit dancing?

A. She was too old to dance.

B. She failed to get a scholarship.

C. She lost interest in it.

20. How does Emily feel about stopping training?

A. She ’s pleased.

B. She ’s regretful.

C. She ’s upset.

第二部阅读理解(共两节,满分40 分)

第一节(共15 题;每小题 2 分,满分30 分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Summer Activities

Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their children ’s choices.

Member Activity Description Cost

of staff

Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a

week, discover new personal qualities, and

Outdoor

learn new skills. You will be able to take part in

Adventure

a number of activities from canoeing to wild Mr.Clemens £140

camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and

(OUT)

work as a team, and enjoy the great outdoor

environment.

On Monday we travel to London. After staying

overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to

northern France to visit the World War

WW ⅠBattl Ⅰbattlefields. On day 3 we cross into Belgium.

efields and Thursday sees us make the short journey to Mrs. Wilson £425 Paris (WBP) Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris

park, staying until late to see the parade and the

fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit

central Paris and tour the main sights.

Four days of product design centred around

Crafty foxes (CRF) textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled

and made materials. Bags, cushion and

decorations ?Learn skills and leave

with

modern and unusual textiles.

Mrs. Goode £30

Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy

picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth

(POT) outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks,

before heading back to Exeter.

共12 页

卷第4页

英语试

21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?

A. OUT.

B. WBP.

C. CRF.

D.POT.

22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?

A. Travel to London

B. see a parade and fireworks.

C. Tour central Paris.

D. Visit the WWI battlefields.

23. How long does Potty about Potter last?

A. Two days.

B. Four days

C. Five days

D. One week.

B

Many of us love July because it ’s the month when nature ’s berries and stone fru

in abundance. These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbia ’fsields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of

their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits

have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The

yellow and orange stone fruits such as peachesare high in the carotenoids we turn into

Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who

care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C.

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an

excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes an d low fat “ice cream ”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them

in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the

bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced

fruit. Out comes a -“s e S r v o e f t”creamy dessert, to betena right away. This makes a fun

activity for a children ’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A. They contain protein.

B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste.

D. They are rich in antioxidants.

25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?

A. To make them smell better.

B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening.

D. To improve their nutrition.

26.What is “a juicer ”in the last paragraph?

A. A dessert.

B. A drink.

C. A container.

D. A machine.

27.From which is the text probably taken?

A. A biology textbook.

B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper. C. A travel brochure.

C

Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common

Sense Media report published Monday.

While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children ’s lives, and indicates how pa

might help encourage more reading.

According to the report ’s key findingths,e propo“rtion (比例) who say they h‘ardly

ever ’read for fun has gone from 8 percent1o3f-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in

1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today. ”

The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session had declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.

When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point

out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.

The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that

kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in

the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who

set aside time for them to read.

At the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take the chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.

28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?

A. Children ’s reading habits.

B. Quality of children ’s books.

C. Children ’s a-c f t l e a r s s activities.

D. Parent-child relationships.

29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for f

A. In paragraph 2

B. In paragraph 3

C. In paragraph 4

D. In paragraph 5

30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?

A. E-books are of poor quality.

B. It could be a waste of time.

C. It may harm children ’s health.

D. E-readers are expensive.

31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?

A. Act as role models for them.

B. Ask them to write book reports.

C. Set up reading groups for them.

D. Talk with their reading class teachers.

D

We’ve been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people

who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.

What’s the problem? It is possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because i’ts awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself

among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.

Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the

grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indian University Southeast. “Almost every great lov

and each big business deal begins with small talk, h”e explains. “Thekey to successful

small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.

people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction互( 动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “Its n’ot that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband, ”say Dunn. “Butinteractions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well- being also. ”

Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners, ”he says.

32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?

A. Addiction to smartphones.

B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.

C. Absence of communication between strangers.

D. Impatience with slow service.

33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?

A. Showing good manners.

B. Relating to other people.

C. Focusing on a topic.

D. Making business deals.

34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?

A. It improves family relationships.

B. It raises people’s confidence.

C. It matters as much as a formal talk.

D. It makes people feel good.

35. What is the best title for the text?

A. Conversation Counts

B. Ways of Making Small Talk

C. Benefits of Small Talk

D. Uncomfortable Silence

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

两项为多余选项。

If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.

Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready

to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37

Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in

the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie ( 卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.

39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.

40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely

to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.

There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.

A. You will stick to your diet.

B. Your quality of sleep improves.

C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.

E. You can keep you head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.

F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.

G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up.

第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题 1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中,选出可以

填入空白处的最佳选项。

Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. He ’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since’d I41 seen him. So imagine my 42 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.

I was 43 ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 . The bay was 45 in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little 46 , I realized one kayak(皮筏艇) was in 47 . “Somethisng ’not 48 ! ”I took off my T-shirt and 49 into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was 50 violently. Linking

arms with one of the instructors, I helped 51 the young man out of water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something 52 to me. Those brown eyes were

very 53 “What’h s i s name?”I asked the instructor. “Ben,”he replied, and immediately I 54 . That stranger was my son.

The instructors called for an ambulance. 55 , after a brief stay in hospital, Ben

was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner. We

chatted about everything and then Ben 57 to me. “I just want to say thank you, ”h

said. “You58 my life! ”

I still can’t believe what a 59 it was. I’m just so glad I was there 60 to

help my son.

41. A. also B. often C. even D. last

42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry

43. A. scared B. shocked C. thrilled D. ashamed

44. A. talk B. stay C. meet D. settle

45. A. bathed B. clean C. deep D. formed

46. A. faster B. closer C. heavier D. wiser

47. A. trouble B. advance C. question D. battle

48. A. real B. right C. fair D. fit

49. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell

50. A. arguing B. fighting C. shouting D. shaking

51. A. lead B. persuade C. carry D. keep

52. A. happened B. occurred C. applied D. appealed

53. A. sharp B. pleasant C. attractive D. familiar

54.A. agreed B. hesitated C. doubted D. knew

55. A. Fortunately B. Frankly C. Sadly D. Suddenly

56. A. return B. relax C. speak D. leave

57. A. joked B. returned C. listened D. pointed

58. A. created B. honored C. saved D. guided

59. A. coincidence B. change C. pity D. pain

60. A. on board B. in time C. for sure D. on purpose

英语试卷第10 页共12 页

第二节(共10小题;每小题 1.5分,满分15分)

(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式阅读下面材料

,在空白处填入适当的内容

Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country 61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125

percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn

is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encouragesfarmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn

uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking

water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between

2005-when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7

million tons. That prevented the emission( 排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.

China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide, s”J u s e a r g y e s n t h e bank Voegele.

第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)

第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)

三处。每处

请改正下面短文中的错误。文中共有10 处语言错误,每句中最多有

错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词;

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉

修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

共12 页

英语试

卷第11页

36.只允许修改10 处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

When I was little, Friday ’s night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

第二节书面表达(满分25 分)

你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知,请大家观看一部英文短片Growing Together,内容包括:

1. 短片内容:学校的发展;

2. 放映时间、地点;

3. 欢迎对短片提出意见。

注意:

1. 词数100左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

Notice

There is a short English film this weekend.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Student Union

英语试卷第12 页共12 页

(完整版)2018年高考英语全国卷2(附答案)

2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试 英语试题 (本试卷共12页。时间:120分钟总分:150分) 第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £ 19. 15 B. £ 9. 18 C. £ 9. 15 答案是C。 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What does John find difficult in learning German? A. Pronunciation. B. V ocabulary. C. Grammar. 2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student. 3.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train. 4.What are the speakers talking about? A. A restaurant. B. A street. C. A dish. 5.What does the woman think of her interview? A. It was tough. B. It was interesting. C. It was successful. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间

2018年高考真题全国卷3地理部分

绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷Ⅲ) 文科综合能力测试(地理部分) 注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。 2.第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选途其他答案标号。写在试卷上无效。 3.第Ⅱ卷必须用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。 一、选择题:本题共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有 一项是符合题目要求的。 油纸伞足我国非物质文化遗产,采用传统方法,全手工制作,油纸伞以竹为骨,以纸或丝绸为面,刷桐油以增强韧性并防水,但长期置于干燥环境中易变脆、开裂。近年来。油纸伞走俏国际市场。据此完成1~2题。 1.与现代钢骨布面伞相比,油纸伞走俏国际市场依赖的主要优势是 A.携带方便B.适用地广 C.文化蕴涵D.经久耐用 2.下列地区中,宜作为油纸伞重点推销市场的是 A.欧洲西部B.中亚 C.中东D.撒哈拉以南非洲 大别山区某国家级贫国县农民可分为跨村种田大户农民、种植自家承包地农民、本地务工务农兼业农民和常年外出务工农民等类型,该县以当地优势资源为基础的加工企业在县城活力较弱,但在中心集镇活力较强,图1示意该县居民点的等级结构,据此完成3~5题。

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21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D. POT. 22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London. B. See a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23. How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days. C. Five days. D. One week. 1. 基督教堂学院(Christchurch)是牛津大学最大学院。基督教堂学院享有不称为College 的特权,在牛津它通常被称为“The House”。基督教堂学院与英国政治渊源很深,曾在 内战时作为查理一世的临时首都,在近200年内产生了16位英国首相。这里也是电影《哈 利﹒波特》的重要取景地。 2. 查韦尔河(River Cherwell)是泰晤士河(River Thames)位于英格兰中部的主要支流, 全长40英里,流经牛津大学城,最终在牛津西南方汇入泰晤士河。

2018年高考英语全国2卷真题及答案(word版)

绝密★启用前 2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试(全国2卷)

英语试题 第二部阅读理解(共两节,满分40分) 第一节(共15题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Summer Activities Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their children’s choices.

21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping? A. OUT. B. WBP. C. CRF. D.POT. 22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson? A. Travel to London B. see a parade and fireworks. C. Tour central Paris. D. Visit the WWI battlefields. 23. How long does Potty about Potter last? A. Two days. B. Four days C. Five days D. One week. B Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C. When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

2018年全国卷高考题底41题真题收集

2018年全国卷高考题底41题真题收集 材料一宋代一些地方实行乡约制度,其功能主要是扬善惩恶,制定规约进行道德教化,并建立民间组织和相关的赏罚制度。明清时期,宣讲“圣谕”成为乡约最重要的内容。当时,由地方官吏广泛推行乡约制度,设立乡约组织,每月召集百姓宣讲、教化。康熙九年颁布了乡约组织必须宣讲的《上谕十六条》,内容包含“重农桑以足衣食”“训子弟以禁非为”等。 ——据杨开道《中国乡约制度》等 材料二清末,时人认为“地方自治者,为今世界立国之基础……于救亡之事,至为切要”。1909年,清政府颁布《城镇乡地方自治章程》,地方自治大致按行政区划分城镇和乡两级,设立议事会为议决机关,议员由选民互选充任。 ——据张海鹏主编《中国近代通史》 材料三20世纪80年代后,村民自治迅速发展,到1997年底,全国共有91万个村民委员会的村干部由村民直接选举产生,大部分农村有90%以上的选民参加了选举。1998年颁布了《中华人民共和国村民委员会组织法》,村民委员会是我国农村基层社会的群众自治组织。 ——据郭德宏等主编《中华人民共和国专题史稿》 (1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,概括宋代到明清时期乡约制度的变化,并说明乡约制度的积极作用。 (2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,简述清末城镇乡地方自

治的历史背景。 (3)根据材料三并结合所学知识,说明村民自治的意义。 (2018年新课标全国卷Ⅱ)阅读材料,完成下列要求。 材料中国是大豆的故乡,甲骨文中就有关于大豆的记载。先秦时期,大豆栽培主要是在黄河中游地区,“豆饭”是人们的重要食物,《齐民要术》通过总结劳动人民长期的实践经验,认识到大豆对于改良土壤的作用,主张大豆与其他作物轮种。唐宋时期的文献中都有朝廷调集大豆送至南方救灾、备种的记录,大豆的种植推广到江南及岭南……从古至今,各式各样的豆制品是中国人喜爱的食物,提供了人体所需的优质植物蛋白。 1765年,大豆引入北美,最初作为饲料或绿肥。19世纪60年代,豆腐在美国开始被视为健康食品。19世纪末,大豆根瘤的固氮功能被发现,在美国干旱地区推广种植,至1910年,美国已经拥有280多个大豆品种。1931年,福特公司从大豆中开发出人造蛋白纤维,大豆成为食品工业、轻工业及医药工业的重要原料。1954年,美国成为世界上最大的大豆生产国,种植面积超过一亿亩。大豆在南北美洲都得到广泛种植,美洲的农田和中国人的餐桌发生了紧密联系。 ——摘编自刘启振等《“一带一路”视域下栽培大豆的起源和传播》等 (1)根据材料并结合所学知识,概括我国历史上种植利用大豆的特点和作用。

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2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试3 理科综合能力测试 可能用到的相对原子质量: H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 Al 27 S 32 Cr 52 Zn 65 I 127 一、选择题: 7.化学与生活密切相关。下列说法错误的是 A .泡沫灭火器可用于一般的起火,也适用于电器起火 B .疫苗一般应冷藏存放,以避免蛋白质变性 C .家庭装修时用水性漆替代传统的油性漆,有利于健康及环境 D .电热水器用镁棒防止内胆腐蚀,原理是牺牲阳极的阴极保护法 8.下列叙述正确的是 A .24 g 镁与27 g 铝中,含有相同的质子数 B .同等质量的氧气和臭氧中,电子数相同 C .1 mol 重水与1 mol 水中,中子数比为2∶1 D .1 mol 乙烷和1 mol 乙烯中,化学键数相同 9.苯乙烯是重要的化工原料。下列有关苯乙烯的说法错误的是 A .与液溴混合后加入铁粉可发生取代反应 B .能使酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色 C .与氯化氢反应可以生成氯代苯乙烯 D .在催化剂存在下可以制得聚苯乙烯 10.下列实验操作不当的是 A .用稀硫酸和锌粒制取H 2时,加几滴CuSO 4溶液以加快反应速率 B .用标准HCl 溶液滴定NaHCO 3溶液来测定其浓度,选择酚酞为指示剂 C .用铂丝蘸取某碱金属的盐溶液灼烧,火焰呈黄色,证明其中含有Na + D .常压蒸馏时,加入液体的体积不超过圆底烧瓶容积的三分之二 11.一种可充电锂-空气电池如图所示。当电池放电时,O 2与Li + 在多孔碳材料电极处生成Li 2O 2-x (x =0或1)。下列说法正确的是 A .放电时,多孔碳材料电极为负极 B .放电时,外电路电子由多孔碳材料电极流向锂电极 C .充电时,电解质溶液中Li +向多孔碳材料区迁移 D .充电时,电池总反应为Li 2O 2-x =2Li+(1-2 x )O 2

2018年高考英语全国卷2-(附答案)

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2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试 英语试题 (本试卷共12页。时间:120分钟总分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分) 做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £ 19. 15 B. £ 9. 18 C. £ 9. 15 答案是C。 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What does John find difficult in learning German? A. Pronunciation. B. Vocabulary. C. Grammar. 2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student. 3.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train. 4.What are the speakers talking about? A. A restaurant. B. A street. C. A dish. 5.What does the woman think of her interview? A. It was tough. B. It was interesting. C. It was successful. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三 英语试卷第 2 页共 12 页

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