欢乐的英语文化节之我们不累_800字
牺牲不会只用在战场上，它在生活中也代表着付出，在这次游园会中，我看到了真正懂得牺牲的义工同学们忙碌的身影，他们为我们牺牲了一年一度的游园会的美好时光，这难道不是最可贵的精神吗？
今天中午，太阳高高地顶在大家头上，同学们都躲在教室里吹着凉爽的风，休闲看着书，我本以为大家都不会出教室呢，但是在吃完饭后，我看到一些被选上义工的同学们，带着嘴上还没抹掉的饭油，搬着一张张桌椅往学校荔枝林走去，那地方可谓酷热。中午，我在教室里休息，一直听到荔枝林传来嘈杂声，我不时会往那探头看看。
下午刚起床，周老师给我们每个人发了一张表，说是盖5个章便可以换礼品，我们很兴奋，有些迫不及待。“走喽！”老师带着我们大摇大摆地去荔枝林了，我紧紧地抱着我的表，生怕掉了。刚走进荔枝林，我便看到了好几张熟悉的面孔，那不就是我的同学吗！
我为了换礼品，一直马不停蹄地奔向各个摊位。我总是先去我们班同学的摊位，玩着玩着，我问他们为什么不玩，他们说是要轮流玩的，我没有多问，去另一个摊位了。另一个摊位人很多，我突然看到了义工同学，刚想聊几句，接着听见“换班啦！”那义工同学失望地冲回去了。
“……”一大堆英语从义工同学口中吐出，从话音中知道她嗓子沙哑了，但她必须要耐心地与他人讲解玩法，因为不管义工有怎样的个人原因，不能在游戏中带有个人情绪，这正是义工最基本该具有的责任心，我回想起不管是我们班的同学还是别班的同学，笑容总是挂在脸上，很耐心地为我们讲解，我似乎有些感动了。
游园会马上要结束了，同学们都上前抢着换礼品去了，我看着我的表上密密麻麻的印章，有些眼花缭乱了，但我特别高兴，我碰到了一位义工同学，看了看他的表，上面只有零零散散几个印章，突然他说：“没什么时间，但是收获很大！”，“收获很大？”我很疑惑地想，只见他满脸挂着微笑说：“真的很大！”，突然，我顿时被感动了。
游园会散了，周老师让我搬椅子上楼，然后，把我们班的义工留下来说要留个影，我没有逗留，搬着椅子上楼了。在楼梯上，我突然听到我们班的义工一齐喊道“我们不累！”。这声音传遍校园，这声音震耳欲聋，也把我的思想震了一震，我久久地站在了那里，手瘫软了下来。
汗，在我的眼里，并不只是从脑门上流下的一滴滴水，而是一种震撼的结晶。累，在我的眼里，并不只是一种酸痛的感受，而是一种大家都可以做到的坚定不移的信念。
词性转换总结与归纳 动词变名词 announce—announcement通知 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材(不可名) settle—settlement定居，安定 achieve---achievement 成就 amuse--amusement 娱乐 manage---management 经营管理 advertise--- advertisement广告 agree— agreement同意disgree—disagreement不同意 argue---argument争吵commit—commitment奉献 develop---development发展 govern 统治—government 政府 describe—description描写，描绘erupt—eruption爆发 affect—affection影响 satisfy—satisfaction满意，满足select—selection挑选，选择
permit—permission允许admit—admission承认，允许invite—invitation 邀请，请帖devote—devotion献身，专注apply—application申请，申请书produce—production生产，产品protect—protection保护 educate-----education教育consider—consideration考虑attract—attraction 吸引力，吸引instruct—instruction 指导，介绍discuss—discussion 讨论appreciate—appreciation感激，欣赏recognize—recognition认出conclude—conclusion 结论 decide----decision 决定compete—competition比赛 express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式graduate 毕业—graduation operate—operation操作，动手术organize----organization 组织imagine—imagination 想象力
现代科技英语作文 【篇一：现代科技对人类的影响(英文版)】 modern inventions have remarkable impacts in our society today, there are many modern inventions in our society and all of them have their own important impacts in life. we enjoy the convenience of these modern inventions and we need to accept the fact that they become more and more important for us. in our daily life, we always hear that some people said they had forgotten to take their mobile phones and then they would be very anxiety. it’s not funny. in contrast, this condition just indicates that our life is connected with modern inventions closely. as we all know, humans evolve from apes and monkeys. in the past, we moved from one place to another by our feet. it is because of this, we couldn’t go far away. in another words, it makes us live in a small world. as time goes by, we learned to make animals become our transportations, for examples, we used horses to be vehicles. then in 1776, james watt invented the first steam energy, and then there were a lot of inventions of transport, like the steam train the steam boat and so on. then we could go to further places than before by these things. now, we have cars, ships, planes and many kinds of transportations. these modern inventions of transportations make our life more convenient and even more they seem to make our planet, the earth, become smaller and smaller because we can visit many places on spending only little time. the modern transport really benefits our life, though some people also criticize it because there’re many accidents, such as the air crashes and the traffic accidents. in my view, it’s normal and it’s also avoidable. why i say it normal is because i believe that nothing is absolutely good and right for us. it’s avoidable, i mean that, is that we can develop the science and technology so that we make them more perfect. except for the modern inventions of transport, there are plenty of other things, including robots. robots become more and more popular and they bring us a lot of joy. it’s used in many aspects of our life. and there’re a large number of movies
高中英语常用词组归纳 All all by oneself 独立，单独 above all 首先，特别是，最重要的是after all 到底，毕竟 first of all 首先 in all 总共 most of all 最最 all at once 突然，同时，马上 all of a sudden 突然 all over (the world) 遍及（全世界） all right 好吧，行，情况不错 all sorts of 各种各样的 all kinds of 各种各样的 all the best 万事如意 all the more 更加, 益发 all (just) the same 尽管如此，仍旧（照样）all the year round 一年到头 all the way 从远处；自始至终 all the while = all the time = always始终 AS（conj., adv.& pron.）as…as…与……一样 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a rule 通常 as a result 结果 as a whole 总的来说 as if(as though) 好像 as follows 如下 as for 就….而言 as(so) long as 只要 as soon as 一……就…… as soon as possible 尽快 as usual 像往常一样 as well 也，还 as well as 同……一样 might(may) as well 不妨 so as to 以便 At (prep.) at a time 一次，每次at breakfast 早餐时，正在吃早饭 at first 最初 at home 在家 at last最后，终于 at least 至少 at (the) most至多，不超过 at one time 以前，曾经 at once 立刻，马上 at night 在夜里，在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 at present 目前，现在 at times =from time to time =once in a while 有时候 at sea在大海上，在航行 at one’s own expense 自费 at sb’s request 应某人的请求 at sb’s service 听候某人的吩咐 at table 在进餐 at the table 在桌旁 at the bottom 在底端 at the end (of) 最后，尽头 at the latest 最迟 at the mercy of 在……的支配下 at the head of 在……的前头 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作 laugh at 嘲笑 throw at向……扔去 come / run / jump at 扑向… work hard at 努力工作（学习） By (prep.) by accident偶然地 by air(sea,bus…)乘飞机（乘船，乘车……）by chance = by accident 碰巧，偶然地 by day(night) 在白天（夜晚） day by day 一天天地 by and by 不久 by far得多，最最 learn (know)…by heart 记熟，背诵
1.enthusiastic热情的 2.recognize认出 3.dramatist剧作家 4.ruin毁坏 5.hardship困难 6.sever严厉的 7.financial经济的 8.depression沮丧 9.insistence坚持 10.aggressive好斗的 11.sentiment感情 12.failure失败 13.anniversary周年纪念 14.operation操作 15.surgery外科手术 16.foundation基础 17.brochure手册 18.advantage优势 19.postage邮费
20.quality质量 21.classic传统的 22.introduce介绍 23.appreciative感激的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e017575179.html,bination联合 25.scholarship奖学金 26.income收入 27.modest谦虚的 28.solution解决方法 29.at least最少 30.amount数量 31.financial经济的 32.apply for申请 33.tuition学费 34.average平均的 35.hard困难 36.profitable有利的 37.external外部的 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e017575179.html,municate交流
39.condition条件 40.prevent防止 41.interpret解释 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e017575179.html,mand要求 43.motorize使机动化 44.react反应 45.object物体 46.signal信号 47.simple简单的 48.patient耐心的49.guarantee保证 50.alarm警报 51.roll卷 52.extremely极度的 53.choose选择 54.pour down倒入 55.limit限制 56.refuse拒绝 57.extend扩大 58.energy能量
高科技英语作文文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient. However, scientists have created many problems, which are not easy to be resolved, such as air pollution, the deterioration of environment and the scarcity of natural resources, to w h i c h w e m u s t s o m e s o l u t i o n s. Modern science and technology render people many advantages. Modern telecommunication shortens the distance between people and makes communication much easier. Internet is widely used now not only for collection of abundant information but also for correspondence. Email, the most effective communication device now, is becoming very popular. Besides, telephone and mobile phone make contact more convenient than before. Modern transportation, such as airplanes and high-speed trains make our journey smooth and fast. With the help of modern transportation, people can go everywhere they prefer to. The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more. Rockets and space shuttles can help us realize the dream of space travel. Modern medicine prolongs peoples life and relieves patients of sufferings from many diseases. Cancer and AIDS are fatal to peoples health. Thanks to the endeavors scientists have made, these diseases become treatable. However, the process of scientific development also arouses many sever problems to our human beings. Internet, though widely used in modern communication, is easy to be destroyed by computer virus. Outer space exploration has produced much waste in the space. A tiny metal, a screw, for example can destroy a flying man-made satellite. Industrialization is making natural resources become scarce. Confronted with these problems, scientists are seeking prompt and feasible solutions. The development of science and technology bring about both positive and negative effects to us. We must eliminate the positive effects to the least extent. 科学技术的发展使我们的生活更加舒适和方便。然而，科学家们创造了许多不容 易解决的问题，如空气污染，环境恶化和自然资源的匮乏，我们必须要有一些解 决办法。 现代科学技术给人们带来许多好处。现代通信缩短了人与人之间的距离，使交流 更容易。互联网不仅被广泛用于收集丰富的信息，而且还用于通信。电子邮件， 现在最有效的通信设备，正在变得非常流行。此外，电话和手机比以前更方便。
初高中常用英语谚语 （一）关于勤奋 1. No pains，no gains. 一分耕耘，一分收获。 2. Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 3. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 4. Genius is one percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.天才一分来自灵感，九十九分来自勤奋。 5. Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.世上无难事，只要肯登攀。 6. Success only means working hard all one's life .成功只意味着终身不懈的努力。(俄国化学家门捷列耶夫) 7. I have nothing to offer but blood , hard work and tears .我所能奉献的没有其它，只有热血、辛劳和眼泪。(英国政治家丘吉尔. W.) （二）关于学习方法 1. Learning without thinking is a dangerous thing. 学而不思则罔。 He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in danger. 学而不思者罔，思而不学则殆。 2. It’s never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 3. Well begun is half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 5. Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 6. Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。
高中英语常用短语及句型归纳 1．高考高频动词短语 （1）act短语： act as 担任……职务，起……作用act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事） act out 表演（对话、故事等）act up 捣乱，出毛病 例如： I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen. Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus. He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot. （2）break短语： break away 摆脱，脱离break away from …脱离……，奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入break into …闯入……，破门而入 break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定 break through 突围，冲跨break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开 例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught. If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later. The car broke down just on my way here. If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off. If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off. She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem. In spring the icebergs begin to break up. （3）bring短语： bring about 引起，导致，使发生bring along 把……带来，领来 bring back 拿回来，使恢复bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒 （比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒） bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价[比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降/上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进 bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施） bring up 抚养，培养，哺育 例如： A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.
高中英语词汇—N nail [ne?l] n. 钉，钉子 name [ne?m] n. 名字,姓名 narrow [?n?r??] a. 狭窄的 nation [?ne??(?)n] n. 民族，国家 national [?n???n(?)l] a. 国家的 nationality [n????n?l?t?] n. 国籍 nationwide [?ne??(?)nwa?d] ad.全国性的 native [?ne?t?v] a. 本土的，本国的 natural [?n?t??r(?)l] a. 自然的 nature [?ne?t??(r)] n. 自然, 性质 navy [?ne?v?] n. 海军 near [n??(r)] a. 近的ad. 附近 nearby [?n??ba?] a. 附近的 nearly [?n??l?] ad. 将近，几乎 neat [ni?t] a. 整洁的；灵巧的 necessary [?nes?ser?] a. 必需的，必要的 neck [nek] n. 颈，脖子 necklace [?nekl?s] n. 项链 necktie [?nekta?] n. 领带，领花 need [ni?d] n. 需要,需求 needle [ni?d(?)l] n. 针 negotiate [n??ɡ????e?t] v.谈判，协商
neighbour [?ne?b?(r)] n. 邻居，邻人neighbourhood ['neib?hud] n. 四邻neither [ ?ni?e?(r)] a. 都不;也不nephew [?nevju?] n. 侄子，外甥nervous [?n??v?s] a. 紧张不安的 nest [nest] n. 巢；窝 net [net] n. 网 network [?netw??k] n. 网络，网状系统never [?nev?(r)] ad. 决不，从来没有new [nju?; (US) nu?] a. 新的；新鲜的New York [nju? j??k] n. 纽约 New Zealand [nju? 'zi:l?nd] * n. 新西兰New Zealander [nju? 'zi:l?nd?]n. 新西兰人news [nju?z; (US) nu?z] n. 新闻，消息newspaper ['nju?zpe?p?] n. 报纸 next [nekst] a. 最近的 nice [na?s]a.令人愉快; niece [ni?s] n. 侄女，甥女 night [na?t] n. 夜；夜间 night-club [na?t-kl?b] n. 夜总会 nine [na?n] num. 九 nineteen [na?n?ti?n] num. 十九 ninety [?na?nt?] num. 九十
科技英语文章
探索发现:科学家发现奇特系外"钻石"行星群 An exoplanet, called WASP-12b which is about 1,200 light years from Earth and 1.4 times the mass of Jupiter has been considered suitable for life existence, although a little hot. And its sibling planets could even be made of diamonds, according to new research findings. 最新研究结果显示，一颗名为WASP-12b、距离地球1200光年、质量为木星1.4 倍的系外行星适合生命存在，尽管热了一点。而与其同属一个星系的情况更甚：它们有可能由钻石构成。 A team led by researcher Nikku Madhusudhan of Princeton University and scientist Joe Harrington of the University of Central Florida monitor WASP-12b during one of its orbits, particularly in the instants before it passed behind its home star. In those brief moments, the light from the star would flow through the planet's atmosphere, allowing astronomers to study the wavelengths produced and infer the atmosphere's chemical composition. 由美国普林斯顿大学的研究员尼库马杜苏丹和佛罗里达中部大学的科学家乔哈林顿 领导的一个研究小组检测WASP-12b的一次绕轨运行情况，特别是在它从其母恒星后面经过的那一刻。在这一刹那，恒星发出的光会穿透行星的大气，天文学家得以研究产生的波长，并推断行星大气的化学成分。 They found some exoplanets, WASP-12b included, have carbon-rich chemistry: Some have atmospheres with a carbon-to-oxygen ratio of about 0.5. As for WASP-12b, however, there was more than twice the concentration of carbon as usual and almost 100 times more methane than expected. 他们发现，一些包括WASP-12b在内的系外行星具有碳浓度高的化学特性，即它们大气中的碳氧比率约为0.5。不过，WASP-12b的碳浓度要比通常情况高出一倍多，而且甲烷的浓度几乎是预计的100倍。 That has big implications for extraterrestrial biology, since life is based on carbon, and methane - which is made up of carbon and hydrogen - is a byproduct of metabolism. The planet's carbon-heavy atmosphere could retain heat and light, providing energy for life to get started and thrive. That life would have to survive on comparatively little oxygen and water, and would have to be very tolerant of methane. 这对于地外生命学来说意义重大。因为生命建立在碳的基础上，而由碳和氢构成的甲烷是新陈代谢的副产品。大气中高浓度的碳可以留住光和热，为生命的出现和茁壮成长提供能量。这些生命要再氧气和水相对较少的环境下生存，而且要能够忍受甲烷。
高中常用英语谚语 1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。 6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 10.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。 11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。 12.Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。 14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。 20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。
All(a.,pron.&n.) all by oneself 独立，单独 above all 首先，特别是，最重要的是after all 到底，毕竟 first of all 首先 in all 总共 most of all 最最 all at once 突然，同时，马上 all of a sudden 突然 all right 好吧，行，情况不错 all sorts of 各种各样的 all kinds of 各种各样的 all the best 万事如意 all the more 更加 all the same 尽管如此，仍旧（照样）all the year round 一年到头 AS（conj.,adv.& pron.）as…as…与。。。。。。一样 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a rule 通常 as a result 结果 as a whole 总的来说 as if(as though) 好象 as follows 如下 as for 就。。。。。。而言 as(so) long as 只要 as soon as 一。。。。。。就 as soon as possible 尽快 as usual 象往常一样 as well 也，还 as well as 同。。。。。。一样 might(may) as well 不妨 so as to 以便 At(prep.) at a time 一次，每次 at breakfast 早餐时，正在吃早饭 at first 最初 at home 在家 at last最后，终于 at least 至少 at (the) most至多，不超过 at one time 以前，曾经 at once 立刻，马上 at night 在夜里，在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 at present 目前，现在 at times有时候 at sea在大海上，在航行 at one’s own expense 自费 at the bottom 在底端 at the end (of) 最后，尽头at the latest 最迟 at the mercy of 在……的支配下 at the head of 在……的前头 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作 laugh at 嘲笑 throw at向……扔去 work hard at 努力工作（学习） By(prep.) by accident偶然地 by air(sea,bus…)乘飞机（乘船，乘公共汽车……） by chance 碰巧，偶然地 by day(night) 在白天（夜晚） day by day 一天天地 by and by 不久 by far得多，最最 learn (know)by heart 记熟，背诵 by mistake 错误地，由于疏忽所致 by oneself 独自地 one by one 一个一个地 by the way 顺便说（问） by turns 轮流 side by side 肩并肩，并排，一起 by the side of 在……附近 Break(v.) break away from 摆（逃）脱，脱离，改掉，破除 break down （机器、车辆等）坏了，（身体）垮了，中断，压倒，分解 break forth 迸发，突然 break in 强行进入，插嘴，打岔，使驯服，使习惯 break into破门而入，打断，占用 break off突然停止（中断），打断，折断break out爆发，突然发生 break through 突破，打破 break up 散会，驱散，停课，腐蚀，打破Bring(v.) bring about 引起，实现，使发生 bring down 使倒下，使下降，击落，推翻bring forth 引起，使产生 bring in 收（庄稼），提出，（使）得到（收入），引入，增加，把。。。。。。扯起来 bring on 使发生，引起 bring out 说明，阐明，出版 bring to an end 结束 bring up 提出，抚养，培养，呕吐 Call(v.) call at (a place) 访问（某地）
高中英语常用词组完整版1.agree sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见sth agree with sb 某物/某事适应某人agree to 同意、赞成 agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见agree to do sth 同意干某事 2.all after all 到底，毕竟 in all 总共 most of all 最最 all at once 突然，同时，马上 all of a sudden 突然 all right 好吧，行，情况不错 all sorts of 各种各样的 all kinds of 各种各样的 all the best 万事如意（祝酒或送行时用语）all the more 更加 all the same 尽管如此，仍旧 all the year round 一年到头 all by oneself 独立，单独 3.as as a matter of fact 事实上 as a rule 通常 as a result 结果 as a whole 总的来说 as if(as though) 好象 as follows 如下 as for 就……而言 as(so) long as 只要 as soon as possible 尽快 as usual 象往常一样 as well 也，还 as well as 同……一样 might(may) as well 不妨 so as to 以便 as to至于，说起 as …as one can 尽力，尽可能 4.at at a time 依次，每次 at one time 以前，曾经at times有时候 at breakfast 早餐时，正在吃早饭 at first 最初 at home 在家 at last最后，终于 at least 至少 at (the) most至多，不超过 at once 立刻，马上 at night 在夜里，在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 at present 目前，现在 at sea在大海上，在航行 at one’s own expense 自费 at the bottom 在底端 at the end (of) 最后，尽头 at the latest 最迟 at the mercy of 在……的支配下 at the head of 在……的前头 at the moment 此刻 at the same time 同时 at work 在工作 laugh at 嘲笑 throw at向……扔去 work hard at 努力工作（学习） 5.believe believe in信任，确信，信仰，主张 believe one’s ears 相信所听到的话 6.blow blow about 吹散 blow away 吹走 blow off 吹掉，吹散，失约（借助外力吹灭东西） blow out吹灭（一般用被动时态,受力者充当主语） blow up 爆炸，放大（照片），发脾气 give sb. a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击 7.break break away from 摆（逃）脱，脱离，改掉，破除 break down （机器、车辆等）坏了，（身体）垮了，中断，压倒，分解 break forth 迸发，突然 break in 强行进入，插嘴，打岔，使驯服，
科技英语文章 Arctic Melt Earth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean fell to a record low1. Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining. Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end-of-summer ice cover2. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness -- becoming 1.13 meters thinner. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its skimpiest levels yet. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. Andit's a very large 23 percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has scientists concerned There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer at the University of Washington3 in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water4. Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.5℃Celsius warmer than average and 1.5℃ warmer than the pr evious record high5. With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea6, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3m thick at the beginning of the summer measured just 50 centimeters by season's end. The new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than scientists have seen by just looking at ice cover from above, says Donald K. Perovich, a geophysicist at the U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory in Hanover, N.H.7 Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend from which it may never recover. 练习： 1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "build" in the first sentence of the second paragraph?