实训一
1.浏览“材料科学，材料科学与工程”
1材料科学涉及物质的性质及其在各个科学和工程领域的应用。它是研究材料的制备或加工工艺、材料的微观结构与材料宏观性能三者之间的相互关系的科学。涉及的理论包括固体物理学，材料化学，应用物理和化学，以及化学工程，机械工程，土木工程和电机工程。与电子工程结合，则衍生出电子材料，与机械结合则衍生出结构材料，与生物学结合则衍生出生物材料等等。随着近年来媒体将注意力大量集中在纳米科学和纳米技术上，材料科学在许多大学被推到了最前沿。它也是工程鉴定和破坏分析中的一个重要组成部分。
2在国务院学位委员会学科评议组制定和颁布的《授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录》中，材料科学与工程属于工学学科门类之中的其中一个一级学科，下设3个二级学科，分别是：材料物理与化学、材料学、材料加工工程。材料科学与工程专业是研究材料成分、结构、加工工艺与其性能和应用的学科。在现代科学技术中，材料科学是国民经济发展的三大支柱之一。主要专业方向有金属材料、无机非金属材料、耐磨材料、表面强化、材料加工等。
2.用书名（作者、年份、出版社等检索词（关键词）
无机非金属
1《无机非金属材料物相分析语研究方法》
作者李晓生、编者李晓生、李成海、林蔚；
2008年8月1日第1版；中国建材工业出版社；
ISBN: 9787802274433, 7802274435
2《无机非金属材料工业窑炉》：作者程宝玉、张美杰；2008年4月1日第1版；冶金工业出版社；ISBN: 9787502445225
3《无机非金属材料工厂工艺设计概念》：作者徐晓存、编者刘晓存；2008年8月1日第1版；中国建材工业出版社；ISBN: 7802274427, 9787802274426
太阳能电池材料
半导体材料
1《半导体材料测试与分析》
作者杨德仁；
2010年4月1日第1版；科学出版社；
ISBN: 7030270363, 9787030270368
2《半导体照明发光材料及应用》
编者肖志国；
2008年3月1日；化学工业出版社；
ISBN: 9787122019080
3《近代半导体材料的表面科学基础》
作者许振家；
2002年3月1日第1版；北京大学出版社；
ISBN: 7301055146
功能陶瓷
1《功能陶瓷的显微结构性能与制备技术》
作者殷庆瑞、祝炳和;
2005年1月1日第1版；冶金工业出版社；
ISBN: 7502436200
2《无机功能材料热物理》
作者吴清仁；2
003年5月1日第1版，华南理工大学出版社；
ISBN: 7562319200
3《功能材料学概论》
作者马如璋、蒋民华、徐祖雄；
1999年9月1日第1版；冶金工业出版社；
ISBN: 7502422994
磁性材料
1《磁学基础与磁性材料》
作者严密、彭晓领；
2006年4月1日第1版；浙江大学出版社；
ISBN: 7308046427
2《磁功能材料》
作者孙光飞、强文江；
2008年5月20日第1版；化学工艺出版社；
ISBN: 9787502593421, 750259342X
3《磁性量子理论-材料的磁学性质》
作者R.M.White；
2008年2月1日第1版；科学出版社；
ISBN: 9787030209382
非线性光学晶体材料
1《非线性光学晶体材料科学》
作者张克从；王希敏；
2005年4月1日第1版；科学出版社；
ISBN: 7030130413
2《非线性光学晶体手册》
作者V.G.Dmitirv、G.G.Gurzadyan、D.N.Nikogosyan；译者吴以成、王继杨；2009年11月1日第1版；高等教育出版社；
ISBN: 9787040277807
3《光析变非线性光学材料：铌酸锂晶体》
作者杨春晖、孙亮、冷雪松；
2009年11月1日第1版；科学出版社；
ISBN: 9787030258861
实训二
一中文期刊检索
1超临界干燥法制备气凝胶
1
超临界干燥法制备MnO2气凝胶及其表征
作者：文建国[1] 阮湘元[1] 周震涛[2]
机构地区：[1]东莞理工学院化学与环境工程学院,东莞523808 [2]华南理工大学材料学院,广州510640
出处：《无机材料学报》2009年第24卷第3期521-524页,共4页
摘要：以高锰酸钾和反丁烯二酸为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法和超临界干燥工艺制备了MnO2气凝胶.利用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、BET比表面积测定、红外光谱及热重与差热等实验技术对气凝胶的多孔形态、结构特性、凝胶产物的组成进行了表征,并研究了脱水热处理温度对气凝胶结构的影响.结果表明：选择合适的反应物摩尔比,可合成锰的平均价态接近4的MnO2凝胶.最终的MnO2气凝胶为亲水型非晶态块状多孔材料,它由纳米级胶体粒子聚集而成,呈连续、相互贯通的三维多孔网络结构（粒子的平均直径约10nm,平均孔径100nm）.气凝胶的空间网络结构特征在常规脱水温度热处理过程中不会受到明显的破坏.
关键词:二氧化硅气凝胶表面改性常压干燥疏水隔热
2
不同改性剂制备疏水Si02气凝胶的对比
作者：卢斌[1] 陈琴[2] 曾杰[2]
机构地区：[1]中南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410083 [2]三一重工股份有限公司,长沙410011
出处：《机械工程材料》011年第35卷第6期53-56页,100页,共5页
摘要：以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）及异丙醇（IPA）为原料，以六甲基二硅胺烷（HMDZ）、三甲基氯硅烷（TMCS）为改性剂，采用溶胶-凝胶法、衍生法及超临界干燥工艺，制备了疏水SiO2气凝胶；采用SEM、IR、XRD及TG等对其进行了表征。结果表明：两种表面改性剂改性前后获得的SiO2疏水气凝胶均含有非晶态siO2相，均由Si-O-Si所组成的纳米多孔连续三维网络骨架结构构成，骨架平均直径为3nm改性后的SiO2气凝胶在450℃前几乎没有质量损失，450～600℃内，TMCS和HMDZ改性的Si02气凝胶质量损失分别约为17%和9．21%；TMCS改性后的SiO2气凝胶密度由改性前的0．192g·cm^-3减至0．149g·cm^-3，比孔体积由改性前的4．70cm^3·g^-1增至6．19cm^3·g^-1，接触角达到了157°，吸水率仅为1．5％；HMDZ改性后的密度为0．181g·cm^3，比孔体积为5．01cm。·g^-1，接触角为12°，吸水率达2．5％，疏水改性效果比TMCS差。
关键词：SiO2气凝胶溶胶-凝胶疏水改性衍生法超临界干燥
3
Ni纳米线／Si02复合气凝胶的制备及机理分析
作者：卢斌黄欢陈琴卢辉周强
机构地区：中南大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083
出处：《中南大学学报：自然科学版》EI CA CSCD 2011年第42卷第5期1276-1281页,共6页
摘要：以正硅酸乙酯和硝酸镍以及乙二醇为原料，采用溶胶一凝胶法和超临界干燥工艺制备负载金属Ni纳米线的SiO，复合气凝胶。采用AAS，BET，TEM及XRD等测试手段
对样品进行表征。研究结果表明：Ni／Si02气凝胶负载的Ni含量（质量分数）约为15％，其表观密度为0．22g／cm^3，比表面积为494．4m2／g，孔容为1．80cm＾3／g，平均孔径为14．6nm；负载的Ni以非晶态的单质Ni纳米线（长度为10,-450nm）和—Ni－Ｏ－Si －键组成的化合物形态均匀地分布在SiO2：气凝胶三维网络骨架结构上；经Ar中600℃和3h热处理后，Ni纳米线由非晶态转变为晶态，纳米线略有长大，但未出现团聚现象，显示出较强的热稳定性。
关键词：Ni／Si02气凝胶溶胶－凝胶超临界干燥镍纳米线机理
2碳纳米管的表面改性
1
多壁碳纳米管的表面改性及其在防火涂料中的应用
作者：邱军[1] 张世红[2] 王国建[1] 龚懿蕾[1]
机构地区：[1]同济大学材料科学与工程学院,上海200092 [2]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500
出处：《新型炭材料》SCI EI CA CSCD 2009年第24卷第4期344-348页,共5页
摘要：利用两亲性聚合物对多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行改性,采用红外光谱、热重分析手段对改性MWC-NTs进行表征;将改性MWCNTs应用到膨胀型防火涂料体系中,研究了其对防火涂料性能的影响。结果表明：在适合的条件下两亲性聚合物可以被引入到多壁碳纳米管表面,改性后的MWCNTs在醋酸丁酯和水中具有良好的溶解性;合适含量的改性MWCNTs可以提高防火涂料受火后的炭化层强度和膨胀倍率,降低背温升高速率,增强涂层的抗开裂性能。
关键词：碳纳米管表面改性防火涂料两亲性聚合物溶解性
2
碳纳米管的表面改性及其在NMMO水溶液中的分散稳定性
作者：鲁江简义辉张慧慧邵惠丽胡学超
机构地区：东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海201620
出处：《东华大学学报：自然科学版》CA CSCD 2008年第34卷第1期1-4页,11页,共5页
摘要：研究了采用硝酸回流方法纯化的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）在不同类型的表面活性剂中的分散稳定性，从中选用十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDI玛）对纯化后的MWNTs进行表面功能化，并利用透射电子显微镜、红外光谱仪和光学显微镜等对MWNTs的纯化和表面功能化效果及其在N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物（NMMO）水溶液中的分散性能进行了分析．实验结果表明，通过硝酸回流纯化处理，能够使MWNTs表面拥有较多的羧基和羟基．在超声波作用下，SDBS可以对纯化后的MWNTs进行表面功能化，使其在NMMO水溶液中具有较好的分散稳定性．
关键词：多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）功能化分散NMMO
3
碳纳米管的表面改性与羟基磷灰石的包覆
作者：卢志华[1,2,3] 孙康宁[1,2] 孙晓宁[1,2] 朱广楠[1,2] 李轩琦[1,2]
机构地区：[1]山东大学材料液态结构及其遗传性教育部重点实验室,济南250061 [2]山东大学工程陶瓷山东省重点实验室,济南250061 [3]济宁学院物理系,济宁273155
出处：《无机材料学报》2007年第22卷第6期1127-1130页,共4页
摘要：通过TEM、FTIR及XRD等检测手段对原位合成法制备羟基磷灰石／碳纳米管复合材料过程中碳管的表面改性及影响羟基磷灰石包覆的因素进行了系统探讨．研究表明，浓酸处理后，碳纳米管表面产生大量官能团；阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）的
加入提高了碳纳米管与水的相容性；实验中随着（NH4）2HPO04溶液的加入，羟基磷灰石原位沉积并形成包覆层．结果发现；碳纳米管的表面改性、适当的pH值和陈化温度是得到羟基磷灰石连续包覆层的关键因素．
关键词：碳纳米管羟基磷灰石表面改性包覆
3炭气凝胶合成
1
负载Ni炭气凝胶的制备及结构性能研究
作者：徐晓红孟庆函曹兵
机构地区：北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100029
出处：《功能材料》2009年第6期949-952页,共4页
摘要：以间苯二酚、甲醛为原料，添加适量的十二烷基苯磺酸钠，再加入不同浓度的乙酸镍溶液，在85℃水浴中聚合；经溶胶-凝胶、溶剂置换、常压干燥和1000℃氮气气氛下热解，得到负载不同含量金属Ni的炭气凝胶。利用透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电境（SEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积及孔径分析（BET）和直流充放电测试等手段，对比讨论了负载不同含量金属Ni对炭气凝胶的结构和性能的影响。结果表明，这种方法可以均匀地将Ni 纳米粒子分散于炭气凝胶中；适量的金属Ni可使炭气凝胶的比表面积及充放电性能得到显著提高；如负载Ni含量过高则炭气凝胶石墨化程度增加。
关键词：炭气凝胶常压干燥负载金属Ni 电化学性能
2
新型RF炭气凝胶微球的制备及结构表征
作者：夏三宇陈晓红宋怀河
机构地区：北京化工大学可控化学反应的科学与技术基础教育部重点实验室,北京100029
出处：《炭素技术》2005年第24卷第6期5-8页,共4页
摘要：以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料，在催化剂和表面活性剂的作用下经溶胶-凝胶、超临界干燥、炭化等过程合成一种新型的炭气凝胶微球。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、低温氮吸附（BET）等表征了炭气凝胶微球的微观形貌、结构。研究结果表明：炭气凝胶微球具有规整的球形度，骨架结构为纳米网络结构，孔径集中分布在3．5nm左右，微球直径≤40μm，比表面积为555m^2／g。
关键词：炭微球炭气凝胶超临界干燥中孔
3
亲水基团对有机和炭气凝胶孔结构的影响
作者：张睿[1] 李雯[2] 胡子君[3] 张琢[1] 陈锟[1] 许春华[1] 钱惠春[1]
机构地区：[1]上海应用技术学院材料科学与工程学院,上海200235 [2]华东理工大学化学与分子工程学院,上海200237 [3]航天材料工艺研究所,北京100076
出处：《新型炭材料》2009年第24卷第3期237-242页,共6页
摘要：热固型酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺、间甲酚和甲醛水溶液存碳酸钠催化下，通过溶液－溶胶－凝胶过程合成有机水凝胶，有机水凝胶经溶剂置换、超临界干燥和裂解形成了有机气凝胶和炭气凝胶。在固定酚醛树脂浓度、间甲酚／酚醛树脂、甲醛／三聚氰胺、碳酸钠／酚醛树脂比值，改变三聚氰胺／酚醛树脂比值的条件下，研究了亲水基团对有机气凝胶和炭气凝胶孔结构的影响。结果表明：亲水性的三聚氰胺可增加分子间作用力，有利于凝胶的稳定；但增加三聚氰胺会加大有机气凝胶裂解过程中的质量损失，不利于凝胶的稳定。二种因素协同作用决定着炭气凝胶的孔结构、孔容和比表面。
关键词：溶胶－凝胶有机气凝胶炭气凝胶裂解孔
4纳米二氧化钛制备及光催化
1
钯锡改性纳米二氧化钛光催化还原二氧化碳的研究
作者：吴树新刘长虹
机构地区：唐山师范学院,河北唐山063000
出处：《天然气化工：C1化学与化工》2011年第36卷第3期26-29页,共4页
摘要：采用光化学还原法,在复合半导体基础上表面作进一步钯改性,制备了钯锡改性的纳米二氧化钛光催化剂Pd-SnO2/TiO2,以二氧化碳光催化还原反应为探针,对催化剂进行了评价,并与复合半导体基础上,表面铜改性光催化剂的光催化还原性能进行了比较。结果表明,表面钯改性、二氧化碳光催化还原产物只检测到甲醇,这说明,复合半导体基础上钯的沉积,比铜掺杂更有利于深度还原产物甲醇的生成。结合XRD、XPS、TEM等催化剂表征结果,对钯锡改性纳米二氧化钛光激发机制进行了讨论,提出了二氧化碳光催化还原的可能机制。关键词：光催化还原纳米二氧化钛钯改性甲醇复合半导体Pd-SnO2/TiO2
2
光催化纳米TiO2治疗鼻咽癌基础研究
作者：包伟晶林昶李志春
机构地区：福建医科大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科,福州350004
出处：《山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报》2011年第25卷第2期68-70页,76页,共4页
摘要：本文综述了近年来国内外关于光催化纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）对鼻咽癌治疗技术的研究进展，主要涉及TiO2、光催化原理和抗癌活性的研究，探讨了光催化纳米TiO2治疗鼻咽癌的可能机制及其优势，并对未来在这一方向的发展趋势作了展望。
关键词：光催化纳米二氧化钛鼻咽肿瘤治疗
3
锰离子掺杂纳米二氧化钛及其应用性能
作者：阳小宇[1,2] 蔡青云[2] 王织云[1] 杨丽霞[2]
机构地区：[1]湖南化工职业技术学院,湖南株洲412004 [2]湖南大学化学化工学院,湖南长沙410082
出处：《化工技术与开发》2011年第40卷第2期1-3页,7页,共4页
摘要：以TiCl3为钛源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2粉体;掺杂过渡族元素锰进入TiO2晶体中,制成掺杂纳米TiO2粉体;采用XRD、SEM、EDS对TiO2粉体进行了表征;以甲基橙为模型物,考察了TiO2粉体作为光催化剂的光催化降解能力。结果表明,制备纳米TiO2的煅烧温度高于450℃,产品的粒度可达到纳米级;纳米TiO2中掺入杂质锰离子,杂质进入了TiO2晶体内部,改性后的产品的光催化能力得到了提高。
关键词：纳米TiO2 光催化降解锰掺杂
5金刚石薄膜的制备
1
GPCVD法低温合成纳米金刚石薄膜
作者：葛大勇赵庆勋杨保柱何雷
机构地区：河北大学物理科学与技术学院,河北保定071002
出处：《实验室研究与探索》2011年第30卷第8期22-24页,共3页
摘要：为了在低温衬底（〈500℃）上制备出高品质纳米金刚石薄膜,使用辉光等离子体辅助热丝化学气相沉积法,用甲烷、高纯氢为源气体,P型Si（100）为衬底材料,在低温条件下合成了纳米金刚石薄膜,利用Langmuir探针对合成过程进行了实时原位诊断,研究了电子温度Te和电子密度ne的空间变化规律,探讨薄膜生长机理。对所合成的样品,利用扫描电子
显微镜、Raman光谱仪、X射线衍射进行了分析。结果表明,实验所得样品为高品质、结晶完善、表面光滑的纳米金刚石薄膜,SEM形貌表明薄膜中晶粒的粒度为40～90 nm,Raman光谱在1 331.5 cm-1处出现了金刚石的（111）特征声子峰。XRD谱在2θ=43.907、5.30处出现了金刚石的（111）（、220）特征衍射峰。实验得出了低温合成纳米金刚石薄膜的最佳工艺条件：①甲烷体积百分比浓度为0.6%;②反应室气压为5 kPa;③气体流量在1 100～1 300 mL/min范围内成核密度较高,并以（100）（、111）面为主,晶粒的平均粒度小于100 nm;在流量为1 300 mL/min时,晶粒的生长表现为一定的定向生长。
关键词：纳米金刚石薄膜辉光等离子体辅助热丝化学气相沉积法
2
掺硅类金刚石薄膜的制备及其微观机械性能研究
作者：王智
机构地区：河南化工技师学院,河南开封475004
出处：《河北化工》2011年第34卷第8期66-68页,共3页
摘要：采用射频感应耦合离子源（ICP）在硅基底上沉积了DLC薄膜,并利用离子束溅射固体单晶石墨的方法掺入Si元素。通过原子力显微镜（AFM）和拉曼光谱对DLC薄膜的表面形貌及结构进行了分析表征。并用UTM-2摩擦磨损试验仪对薄膜进行了刻划测试,通过临界载荷的对比,分析了掺硅和纯DLC薄膜与基底的结合能力。结果表明,掺硅DLC薄膜具有良好的膜-基结合能力。
关键词：Si-DLC薄膜射频感应耦合离子束溅射微观机械性能
3
磷离子注入纳米金刚石薄膜的n型导电性能与微结构研究作者：胡晓君胡衡陈小虎许贝
机构地区：浙江工业大学化学工程与材料学院,杭州310014
出处：《物理学报》2011年第60卷第6期735-742页,共8页
摘要：系统研究了磷离子注入并在不同温度退火后的纳米金刚石薄膜的微结构和电学性能.研究表明,当退火温度达到800℃以上时,薄膜呈良好的n型电导.Raman光谱和电子顺磁共振谱的结果表明,薄膜中金刚石相含量越高和完整性越好,薄膜电阻率越低.这说明纳米金刚
石晶粒为薄膜提供了电导.1000℃退火后,薄膜晶界中的非晶石墨相有序度提高,碳悬键数量
降低,薄膜电阻率升高.薄膜导电机理为磷离子注入的纳米金刚石晶粒提供了n型电导,非晶碳晶界为其电导提供了传输路径.
关键词：纳米金刚石薄膜n型磷离子注入
6闪烁晶体研究进展
1
闪烁晶体材料的研究进展
作者：赵景泰[1] 王红[1,2] 金滕滕[1,2] 王晨阳[1,2] 胡关钦[1]
出处：《中国材料进展》2010年第10期40-48页,共9页
摘要：闪烁晶体用于X射线和γ射线等高能粒子探测,在分子医学成像、高能物理、核物理、安全检查、材料无损探伤和地质探矿等领域有着广泛的应用。随着人们对闪烁晶体的更加深入的认识以及晶体生长技术的发展,许多已开发的闪烁晶体的性能得到优化和提高,应用范围也随之扩大,随着应用的更高要求,对闪烁晶体的综合性能要求越来越高,进一步设计、发现、开发和生长具有高密度、优良光学均匀性、高能束粒子阻止本领、高光产额、快衰减、高稳定性、低成本等综合优良性能的闪烁晶体仍然是闪烁材料研究的重点。简要综述了近年来卤化物、钨酸盐、锗（硅）酸盐、铝酸盐和硼（磷）酸盐等重要闪烁晶体材料的研究进展及其闪烁性能和应用前景。
关键词：闪烁晶体研究进展
2
新型闪烁晶体SrI2：Eu及研究进展
作者：秦来顺[1] 史宏声[1] 舒康颖[1] 任国浩[2]
机构地区：[1]中国计量学院材料科学与工程学院,杭州310018 [2]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所,上海201800
出处：《硅酸盐学报》EI CA CSCD 2010年第10期1977-1981页,共5页
摘要：SrI2：Eu是一种性能优异的闪烁晶体,具有较大的原子序数、高的光输出、极低的能量分辨率和较小的余辉时间等优点。SrI2：Eu晶体适合于元素同位素甄别、安全检查及工业和医学X射线断层扫描、超高分辨X射线成像等领域。综述了新型闪烁晶体SrI2：Eu的闪烁性能和晶体生长研究成果;评述了晶体应用与晶体生长发展的方向;同时指出了该晶体开发过程中应解决的主要问题,如：原料处理、晶体生长、闪烁机理和器件应用等方面还需进一步加以研究,以推动该晶体的应用。
关键词：碘化锶晶体晶体生长闪烁性能
3
LaBr3：Ce3＋闪烁晶体研究进展
作者：高鑫何元金
机构地区：清华大学物理系,北京100084
出处：《核电子学与探测技术》CA CSCD 2010年第30卷第1期5-11页,共7页
摘要：以铈离子Ce3＋激活的LaBr3晶体是近年来发现的一种新型无机闪烁体材料，较高的光产额、较好的能量分辨率、较快的衰减时间等优良性质，使其成为NaI（Tl）等传统闪烁体材料有力的竞争者。论文通过重点比较LaBr3：Ce3＋晶体与NaI（Tl）晶体的性质，同时列举实例说明它的应用，力求比较全面地反映LaBr3：Ce^3＋晶体的性质。
关键词：LaBr3：Ce3＋闪烁晶体能量分辨率空间分辨率
二英文期刊检索
1. scintillation crystal and progress et al
1
A search for cosmic gamma-ray bursts with a balloon-borne NaI(T1) scintillation crystal
Astrophysics and Space Science
V olume 42, Number 1, 35-42, DOI: 10.1007/BF00645521
W. N. Johnson, J. D. Kurfess and R. D. Bleach
Abstract :A search has been made for gamma-ray bursts in 15 hours of data obtained from a balloonborne
gamma-ray detector on 10 October and 21 October, 1970. The event rate for photon energy losses in the 0.1–0.4 MeV range from the 13-in. diameter by 6-in. thick NaI(T1) scintillation crystal was examined for statistically significant fluctuations as an indication of gamma-ray bursts. Searches of the data were made with time resolutions varying from 2 ms to 64 s. Four statistically significant bursts were detected and are considered as possible cosmic gamma-ray burst events. The characteristic duration of all four of the observed events is 100 ms. Similar events can be generated in the laboratory following an extremely large (103 GeV) thirty ns X-ray energy deposition in the NaI(T1) crystal. The implications of these short duration, low intensity events, if valid gamma-ray bursts, are discussed.
2
Search for double- β decay processes in 108Cd and 114Cd with the help of the low-background CdWO 4 crystal scintillator
The European Physical Journal A - Hadrons and Nuclei
V olume 36, Number 2, 167-170, DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2008-10593-6
P. Belli, R. Bernabei, F. Cappella, R. Cerulli, F. A. Danevich, S. d'Angelo, A. Incicchitti, V. V. Kobychev, S. S. Nagorny and F. Nozzoli, et al.
Abstract
The search for double-β processes in 108Cd an d 114Cd was realized by using data of the low-background experiment with the CdWO4 crystal scintillator at the Gran Sasso National Laboratories of the INFN. New improved half-life limits on double-beta processes were established, in particular T 1/2 0ν2?( ^108Cd ) ≥
1.0(
2.7)×1018 yr, T 1/2 2ν2β( ^114Cd ) ≥1.3(2.1)×1018 yr, and T 1/2 0ν2β( ^114Cd ) ≥1.1(2.5)×1021 yr at 90(68)% C.L.
3
Special Features of Light Collection Processes in Heavy-Crystal-Based Scintillation Detectors
Instruments and Experimental Techniques
V olume 44, Number 4, 466-471, DOI: 10.1023/A:1017948200007
Y a. A. Berdnikov, V. V. Grebenshchikov, V. F. Kosmach, I. E. Leonov, V. M. Samsonov, O. Y a. Khrushcheva and A. P. Shishlo
Abstract :A physical model of light collection processes in scintillation detectors based on heavy crystals (PbWO4) is analyzed on the basis of the existing and experimental data obtained in this work. The conclusion is made that it is necessary to take into account the light re-scattering in a crystal volume and light reflection from the photosensitive layer of the photomultiplier tube.
2. carbon nanotubes and surface modification
1
Blood compatibility of surface modified Si incorporated carbon nanotubes film
Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
V olume 56, Number 10, 1617-1620, DOI: 10.1134/S0036023611100081
Gang Li, Jun Li and Long Xue
Abstract :There is an increasing interest in developing novel film to improve the biocompatibility of cardiovascular implants. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNT) film was synthesized by on the Si wafers using thermal chemical vapor deposition. The structure, surface properties as well as surface biomedical compatibility were evaluated using different characterization techniques. The contact angles of water on Si, stainless steel and CNT film were 33.7°, 72.4° and 105.1°, respectively. In vitro platelet adhesion experimental results demonstrated that the CNT film significantly reduced thrombogenicity by minimizing the platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation, compared to Si wafer and 316L stainless steel. The hydrophobic properties were determined to be factor contri buting to the improved haemocompatibility.
2
Surface modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Journal of Materials Science
V olume 43, Number 1, 33-37, DOI: 10.1007/s10853-007-2209-2
John Kathi and K. Y. Rhee
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized via oxidation with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Thus functionalized nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) were silanized using a coupling agent,
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTES). The f-MWCNTs and the reaction product of f-MWCNTs and 3-APTES (APTES–MWCNTs) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The results indicate the attachment of silane molecules on the surface of the functionalized MWCNTs. This silanization method allows for the improvement of the chemical compatibility of MWCNTs with specific polymers for application in
nanotube-based polymer matrix composites.
3
Determination of β-glucosidase activity in soils with a bioanalytical sensor modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
V olume 397, Number 3, 1347-1353, DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3634-7
Patricia W. Stege, Germán A. Messina, Guillermo Bianchi, Roberto A. Olsina and Julio Raba
Keywords Screen-printed carbon electrodes - Multiwalled carbon nanotubes - β-Glucosidase activity - Cellobiose - Soil3. luminescence label
3. uminescence label
1
Luminescence centers in porous silicon
Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
V olume 60, Number 6, 601-606, DOI: 10.1007/s003390050152
K. W. Cheah, L. C. Ho,
Abstract: Photoluminescence studies on porous silicon show that there are luminescence centers present in the surface states. By taking photoluminescence spectra of porous silicon with respect to temperature, a distinct peak can be observed in the temperature range 100–150 K. Both linear and nonlinear relationships were observed between excitation laser power and the photoluminescence intensity within this temperature range. In addition, there was a tendency for the photoluminescence peak to red shift at low temperature as well as at low excitation power. This is interpreted as indicating that the lower energy transition becomes dominant at low temperature and excitation power. The presence of these luminescence centers can be explained in terms of porous silicon as a
mixture of silicon clusters and wires in which quantum confinement along with surface passivation would cause a mixing of G and X band structure between the surface states and the bulk. This mixing would allow the formation of luminescence centers.
2
Synthesis and spectral-luminescence properties of 1-(4′-formylphenyl)-3,5-diaryl-2-pyrazolines Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds
V olume 18, Number 6, 612-615, DOI: 10.1007/BF00506155
L. A. Kutulya, A. E. Shevchenko and L. D. Pchelinova
Abstract:It was demonstrated by means of the IR and PMR spectra that 1-phenyl-3,5-diaryl-2-pyrazolines that contain a grouping with a strong electron-acceptor effect, viz. a 4-nitrophenyl or 4-naphthalanhydride group or a 1,8-naphthoylene-1 ,2 -benzimidazole fragment, in the 3 position undergo V ilsmeier formylation, like unsubstituted 1,3,5-triphenyl-2-pyrazoline, in the para position of the 1-phenyl ring. An investigation of the spectral-luminescence properties of the synthesized 1-(4 -formylphenyl)-3,5-diaryl-2-pyrazolines showed that the introduction in the 1-phenyl ring of an electron-acceptor aldehyde group, which is inferior with respect to its acceptor effect to the groupings in the 3 position of the heteroring, does not change the nature of the long-wave absorption band. Substantial hypsochromic and hypsofluoric effects as compared with the corresponding
1-phenyl-unsubstituted compounds are noted in the electronic spectra of these compounds.
3
Four-level system with two-quantum excitation. Dependence of luminescence on excitation
Journal of Applied Spectroscopy
V olume 61, Numbers 5-6, 757-760, DOI: 10.1007/BF02606432
Y u. P. Meshalkin
Abstract
1. In two-quantum excitation of a four-level system, a quadratic dependence on the intensity of the luminescence from high excited singlet states on the exciting radiation intensity is observed only in the absence of saturation of the first excited singlet state.
2. In the presence of saturation of the first excited singlet level it is impossible to establish unambiguously the dependence of the intensity of the luminescence from HSS on the excitation intensity.
3. Light quenching and resonance transfer of excitation energy have a noticeable effect on the form of the characteristic dependences. In this case even under conditions of saturation of the first excited singlet level the characteristic dependences of the luminescence from HSS are described by an order of the nonlinearity that is close to unity.
The present work has been performed with financial support from the program “Laser Systems” of the State Committee for Education of the Russian Federation.
Key words:two-quantum excitation of molecules luminescence high excited singlet states intensity
4. nano-titania and photocatalytic
1
Sol–gel route to synthesize titania-silica nano precursors for photoactive particulates and coatings
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
V olume 54, Number 2, 203-211, DOI: 10.1007/s10971-010-2178-9
V. S. Smitha, K. A. Manjumol, K. V. Baiju, Swapankumar Ghosh, P. Perumal and K. G. K. Warrier
Abstract :Nano titanium dioxide sols containing silica in the range 5–50 mol% have been synthesized using
sol–gel route starting from titanyl sulphate with a view of developing antisoiling surfaces. The titania sol had an average particle size of ~30 nm while the average size of titania-silica sol was 61 nm. The influence of silica
addition on the phase transition and grain growth of nanocrystalline titania has been investigated. The effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic activity of nano titania has been reported. A titania-silica composition containing 30 mol% SiO2 (TS-30), annealed at 700 °C has shown the highest photoactivity. While the 30% silica composition retained 100% anatase phase up to 800 °C, the pure titania has started transformation to rutile at 600 °C. Commercial glazed ceramic tiles, coated with titania-silica precursor sols and annealed at 700 °C, have been found to be photoactive. The addition of silica has enhanced the photoactivity while suppressing the phase transformation of titania from anatase to rutile.
Keywords Titanyl sulphate - Sol–gel - Photocatalyst - Anatase - Rutile
2
Bisphenol A endocrine disruptor complete degradation using TiO2 photocatalysis with ozone Environmental Chemistry Letters
DOI: 10.1007/s10311-011-0328-0
Alessandra Colombo, Giuseppe Cappelletti, Silvia Ardizzone, Iolanda Biraghi, Claudia L. Bianchi, Daniela Meroni, Carlo Pirola and Francesca Spadavecchia
Abstract :isphenol A is an endocrine disruptor. Complete mineralization of bisphenol A is therefore a primary environmental issue. Here, the combination of ozonation and photocatalysis by TiO2 is proposed for the degradation and final mineralization of bisphenol A. TiO2 films deposited onto two sides of an Al lamina show good stability and high surface roughness. We used a specific experimental setup employing two facing ultraviolet lamps and TiO2 layers, together with an ozone flux. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry determinations on bisphenol A solutions sampled at different reaction times and Fourier Transform Infrared analyses of the oxide at the end of the reaction were performed to study the reaction intermediates and the overall degradation mechanism. Our results show that pollutant mineralization achieved with the combined method is far higher, of 55% in the case of 0.3 mM bisphenol A, than those obtained by individual treatments such as photolysis (<3%), ozonation (6%), photocatalysis (6%), and by other combined processes: photolytic ozonation (13%) and catalytic ozonation (15%). This finding is explained by the occurrence of highly synergistic effects.
Keywords Ozonation – TiO2 layer – Photocatalysis – Bisphenol A – Degradation mechanism – Synergistic effects
5. diamond film
1
Optical and thermal properties of metals, ceramics, and CVD diamond films upon high-temperature laser heating
Physics of Wave Phenomena
V olume 15, Number 1, 12-45, DOI: 10.3103/S1541308X07010025
O. G. Tsarkova
Abstract :A complex optical method for simultaneous determination of optical and thermal properties of solids (true temperature, reflectance, transmittance, absorbance, extinction, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity) in a wide temperature range (800–2700°C) was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The developed setup is characterized by a high processing rate (the time taken for measuring all parameters is from milliseconds to tens of seconds). It allows the study of rather small samples (about several milligrams), which is a significant advantage as applied to new or expensive materials. New and widely used materials (AlN, Al2O3,
Si3N4, SiC, and Al2O3/SiC ceramics; C45, 16MnCrS5, 115CrV3, X5NiCr18 9, X12CrNi17 7, Sd, and Satellite 6 steels; E-Cu, CuSn, AlMgSi1, and AlCuMgPb copper and aluminum alloys; as well as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond films) were studied at heating rates of 103?104K·s?1 in various atmospheres (air and argon at pressures of 1 and 10?3 atm). This study demonstrated high efficiency and informativity of the proposed method.
The data obtained can be used to develop theoretical models describing the solid structure and properties at high temperatures in oxidizing, neutral, or regenerative atmospheres.
2
Stabilization of Diamond-Like Nanoclusters by Metallic Atoms and the Epitaxial Growth of Diamond Films: ab initio Simulation
Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond
NA TO Science Series, 2005, V olume 192, II., 157-168, DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3322-2_12
V.G. Zavodinsky
Abstract :The density functional theory and non-empirical pseudopotentials were implemented to study the stabilization of ultra nanoclusters (C6 and C8) of diamond by alkali (Li and K) and noble (Cu, Ag and Au) metals. It has been shown that copper is the best candidate to keep the diamond-like cluster geometries. Calculations show that epitaxial diamond films can be grown on copper substrates with geometry parameters closed to those of bulk diamond. The mean cohesive energy for the C(100) films is larger than that for the C(111) films; however, the
C(100) films are more stable against the separation from the copper substrate. The latter fact explains why the preferable observed orientation of diamond microcrystallites on copper is the <111> direction.
Keywords diamond - nanostructure - epitaxial films - ab initio simulation
3
Thermal diffusivity measurement of CVD diamond film using a step heating technique
International Journal of Thermophysics
V olume 14, Number 2, 285-295, DOI: 10.1007/BF00507814
Y. Li, R. E. Taylor and A. Nabi
Abstract : step heating method for the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of diamond thin film is described. The step heating method is a transient heat flow method. Transient temperature profiles are generated in a
strip-shaped sample by heating one end of the sample while the other end is clamped to a heat sink. Three thermocouples are used along the heat path. The results are compared with the literature values over the temperature range from –190 to 50°C.
Key words diamond film - low temperatures - step heating technique - thermal conductivity - thermal diffusivity
6. scintillation crystal and high light output
1
MCNP5 evaluation of a response matrix of a Bonner Sphere Spectrometer with a high efficiency 6LiI (Eu) detector from 0.01 eV to 20 MeV neutrons
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
V olume 284, Number 2, 253-263, DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0493-9
Hakim Mazrou, Zahir Idiri, Tassadit Sidahmed and Malika Allab
Abstract :A new approach has been suggested to establish reliable response matrix of a CRNA Bonner Sphere Spectrometer equipped with a high efficiency 10 mm diameter × 2 mm thick 6LiI (Eu) scintillation detector from thermal neutron energy up to 20 MeV. It combines the experimental response functions obtained using a continuous neutron spectrum emitted from an 241Am-Be neutron source of known emission, with those obtained by Monte-Carlo (MC) calculations. Sensitivity analysis has been performed to check the influence of pertinent parameters on the MC computed detector response. The parameters of interest are the density of polyethylene moderators, the cross section library used in MCNP5 and two computing models depending on the interactions of the neutrons in the detector. The calculated responses of the spectrometer to the 241Am-Be neutron source showed discrepancies depending on the sphere diameter when compared to our measured responses. However, this
difference was smaller compared with the experiments available in the literature. The enhancement achieved in the present study is partly due to improved modeling in the MC calculations. To correct for the differences observed, a fitting factor has been deduced for each sphere diameter and used to adjust the MC responses to the experimental ones. The obtained results were subsequently compared to the experimental data of GSF-G spheres system obtained for a typical 4 mm diameter × 4 mm thick 6LiI scintillator for four ISO-8529 selected neutron energies (144.0 keV, 565 keV, 2.5 and 14.8 MeV). The present responses were similar in shape but higher, in absolute values, by about two and half times for all spheres owing essentially to the increase in active part of the detector. Finally, the CRNA-BSS response matrix containing 48 energy points from 0.01 eV to 20 MeV for 22 sphere diameters with a mean polyethylene density of 0.944 g/cm3 was constructed by applying a spline interpolation method. The released response matrix was then compared to data available in the literature evaluated by
Monte-Carlo calculations for a 4 mm × 4 mm 6LiI crystal scintillator. The obtained response matrix is intended for radiation protection applications at CRNA.
Keywords Neutron spectrometry - Scintillation detector - Bonner spheres spectrometer - Radiation protection - Neutron dosimetry - MCNP5 - Response matrix
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Scintillating Crystals: Ce3+:Y AlO3 and Yb3+:Lu3Al5O12
Advances in Materials Research, 2007, V olume 8, Part III, 159-171, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71295-4_10 Mohamed Alshourbagy, Alessandra Toncelli and Mauro Tonelli
Abstract :he growth and scintillation performance of single-crystal fibers of both Ce3+:Y AlO3 and
Yb3+:Lu3Al5O12 are described. The results demonstrate the ability of the micro-pulling-down technique to grow scintillator crystals in shapes suitable for device applications.
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Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology
V olume 38, Number 1, 97-105, DOI: 10.1007/s10971-005-5639-9
Scintillation of Sol-Gel Derived Lutetium Orthophosphate Doped with Rare Earth Ions
C. Mansuy, J. M. Nedelec, C. Dujardin and R. Mahiou
Abstract :In this paper, the synthesis, the characterization and the scintillation properties of LuPO4 doped, with several concentrations of Ce3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions, are presented. These materials have been synthesized by
sol-gel process. The purity of powders has been verified by X-Ray diffraction and the results confirm the xenotime structure of all the materials. A thermogravimetric analysis allows the obtention of informations on the crystallisation of LuPO4 and the study of its evolution from the amorphous to crystalline form. The morphology of the powders has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and shows that the powders are constituted of small particles with narrow size distribution. Optical properties have been studied in order to determine the scintillation performances of these materials. The optima are obtained for Ce3+, Eu3+ and Tb3+ concentration of respectively 0.1, 10 and 5% with high scintillation yields. This study thus confirms the potentialities of these materials as scintillators.
Keywords scintillators - phosphate - rare earth - luminescence
实训三1中国发明专利
2美国发明专利1
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3欧洲发明专利1
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