管理类英语词汇
Accounting Assistant会计助理
Accounting Clerk记帐员
Accounting Manager会计部经理
Accounting Stall会计部职员
Accounting Supervisor会计主管Administration Manager行政经理Administration Staff行政人员
Administrative Assistant行政助理Administrative Clerk行政办事员
Advertising Staff广告工作人员
Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员Airlines Staff航空公司职员
Application Engineer应用工程师
Assistant Manager副经理
Bond Analyst证券分析员
Bond Trader证券交易员
Business Controller业务主任
Business Manager业务经理
Buyer采购员
Cashier出纳员
Chemical Engineer化学工程师
Civil Engineer土木工程师
Clerk/Receptionist职员/接待员
Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师
Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理Copywriter广告文字撰稿人
Deputy General Manager副总经理
Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理Electrical Engineer电气工程师
Engineering Technician工程技术员
English Instructor/Teacher英语教师
Export Sales Manager外销部经理
Export Sales Staff外销部职员
Financial Controller财务主任
Financial Reporter财务报告人
F.X.(Foreign ExchangeClerk外汇部职员F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员Fund Manager财务经理
General Auditor审计长
General Manager/President总经理General Manager Assistant总经理助理General Manager's Secretary总经理秘书
Hardware Engineer计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff进口联络员Import Manager进口部经理Insurance Actuary保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff国际销售员Interpreter口语翻译
Legal Adviser法律顾问
Line Supervisor生产线主管Maintenance Engineer维修工程师
Management Consultant管理顾问
Manager经理
Manager for Public Relations公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer制造工程师Manufacturing Worker生产员工
Market Analyst市场分析员
Market Development Manager市场开发部经理Marketing Manager市场销售部经理
Marketing Staff市场销售员
Marketing Assistant销售助理
Marketing Executive销售主管
Marketing Representative销售代表
Marketing Representative Manager市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer机械工程师
Mining Engineer采矿工程师
Music Teacher音乐教师
Naval Architect造船工程师
Office Assistant办公室助理
Office Clerk职员
Operational Manager业务经理
Package Designer包装设计师
Passenger Reservation Staff乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk人事部职员Personnel Manager人事部经理
Plant/Factory Manager厂长
Postal Clerk邮政人员
Private Secretary私人秘书
Product Manager生产部经理
Production Engineer产品工程师Professional Staff专业人员Programmer电脑程序设计师
Project Staff项目策划人员
Promotional Manager推售部经理
Proof-reader校对员
Purchasing Agent采购进货员
Quality Control Engineer质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff房地产职员
Recruitment Co-ordinator招聘协调人
Regional Manger地区经理
Research&.Development Engineer研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff销售计划员
Sales Assistant销售助理
Sales Clerk店员、售货员
Sales Coordinator销售协调人
Sales Engineer销售工程师
Sales Executive销售主管
Sales Manager销售部经理
Salesperson销售员
Seller Representative销售代表
Sales Supervisor销售监管
School Registrar学校注册主任
Secretarial Assistant秘书助理
Secretary秘书
Securities Custody Clerk保安人员
Security Officer安全人员
Senior Accountant高级会计
Senior Consultant/Adviser高级顾问Senior Employee高级雇员
Senior Secretary高级秘书
Service Manager服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter同声传译员Software Engineer计算机软件工程师Supervisor监管员
Systems Adviser系统顾问
Systems Engineer系统工程师
Systems Operator系统操作员
Technical Editor技术编辑
Technical Translator技术翻译
Technical Worker技术工人Telecommunication Executive电讯(电信员Telephonist/Operator电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide导游
Trade Finance Executive贸易财务主管
Trainee Manager培训部经理
Translation Checker翻译核对员
Translator翻译员
Trust Banking Executive银行高级职员
Typist打字员
Wordprocessor Operator文字处理操作员
2015年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士——英语翻译基础考研真题育明状元学员回忆
一.词汇翻译(30分
英译汉:从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese(共15分,一个3分
1added value tax
增值税
增值税是以商品(含应税劳务在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。从计税原理上说,增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。实行价外税,也就是由消费者负担,有增值才征税没增值不征税。2annual financial report
年度财务报告
年度财务报告是指年度终了对外提供的财务报告。通常将半年度,季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。年度财务报告作为综合反映企业单位年末财务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告,在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。3bull market
牛市,旺市;多头市场。
牛市,旺市指交易旺盛的市场形势,和"淡市'相对。
多头市场又称买空市场,是指股价的基本趋势持续上升时形成的投机者不断买进证券,需求大于供给的市场现象。
4law of diminishing marginal returns
边际收益递减规律
又称边际效益递减规律,或边际产量递减规律,指在短期生产过程中,在其他条件不变(如技术水平不变的前提下,增加某种生产要素的投入,当该生产要素投入数量增加到一定程度以后,增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的,边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变为条件的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。
5angel investment
天使投资
是权益资本投资的一种形式,是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业,进行一次性的前期投资。
它是风险投资的一种形式,在根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合
资源进行投资。
6capital turnover
资本周转
资本周转指不断重复、周而复始的资本循环过程。资本必须在运动中才能实现其价值增殖,这种运动不能孤立地循环一次便停下来,而必须持续不断地周期性地进行。产业资本连续不断、周而复始的循环。资本必须在运动中才能实现其价值增值,这种运动不能孤立地循环一次便停下来,而必须持续不断地周期性地进行。这样的资本循环,叫做资本周转。
7butterfly effect
蝴蝶效应
蝴蝶效应是指在一个动力系统中,初始条件下微小的变化能带动整个系统的长期的巨大的连锁反应。这是一种混沌现象。任何事物发展均存在定数与变数,事物在发展过程中其发展轨迹有规律可循,同时也存在不可测的“变数”,一个微小的变化能影响事物的发展,说明事物的发展具有复杂性。
8calling center
呼叫中心
呼叫中心是充分利用现代通讯与计算机技术,如IVR(交互式语音800呼叫中心流程图应答系统、ACD(自动呼叫分配系统等等,可以自动灵活地处理大量各种不同的电话呼入和呼出业务和服务的运营操作场所。呼叫中心在企业应用中已经逐渐从电话营销中心向着
CTI(计算机通信集成综合呼叫中心转变,已经将电话、计算机、互联网等多种媒介综合应用于营销、服务等等多项工作当中。呼叫中心就是在一个相对集中的场所,由一批服务人员组成的服务机构,通常利用计算机通讯技术,处理来自企业、顾客的垂询与咨询需求。以电话咨询为例,具备同时处理大量来话的能力,还具备主叫号码显示,可将来电自动分配给具备相应技能的人员处理,并能记录和储存所有来话信息。一个典型的以客户服务为主的呼叫中心可以兼具呼入与呼出功能,当处理顾客的信息查询、咨询、投诉等业务的同时,可以进行顾客回访、满意度调查等呼出业务。
9SWOT analysis
四点(优势、劣势、机会、威胁分析
SWOT分析方法是一种企业内部分析方法,即根据企业自身的既定内在条件进行分析,找出企
业的优势、劣势及核心竞争力之所在,从而将公司的战略与公司内部资源、外部环境有机结合。其中,S代表strength(优势,W代表weakness(弱势,O代表opportunity(机会,T
代表threat(威胁,其中,S、W是内部因素,O、T是外部因素。按照企业竞争战略的完整概念,战略应是一个企业“能够做的”(即组织的强项和弱项和“可能做的”(即环境的机会和威胁之间的有机组合。
意义:帮您清晰地把握全局,分析自己在资源方面的优势与劣势,把握环境提供的机会,防范可能存在的风险与威胁,对我们的成功有非常重要的意义。
10business model
商业模式
商业模式,是管理学的重要研究对象之一,MBA、EMBA
等主流商业管理课程均对“商业模式”给予了不同程度的关注。在分析商业模式过程中,主要关注一类企业在市场中与用户、供应商、其他合作伙伴的关系,尤其是彼此间的物流、信息流和资金流。
汉译英:从10个terms里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in English(共15分,一个3分
1联合国贸发会议
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTADEstablished in1964,the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTADpromotes the development-friendly integration of developing countries into the world economy.UNCTAD has progressively evolved into an authoritative knowledge-based institution whose work aims to help shape current policy debates and thinking on development,with a particular focus on ensuring that domestic policies and international action are mutually supportive in bringing about sustainable development.
或者
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTADwas established in 1964as a permanent intergovernmental body.UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade,investment,and development issues.The
organization's goals are to:"maximize the trade,investment and development opportunities of developing countries and assist them in their efforts to integrate into the world economy on an equitable basis."The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development including trade,aid, transport,finance and technology.The conference ordinarily meets once in four years; the permanent secretariat is in Geneva.
2普惠制
Generalised System of Preferences
(GSPThe Generalized System of Preferences,or GSP,is a preferential tariff system which provides for a formal system of exemption from the more general rules of the World Trade Organization(WTO,(formerly,the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or GATT.Specifically,it's a system of exemption from the most favored nation
principle(MFNthat obliges WTO member countries to treat the imports of all other WTO member countries no worse than they treat the imports of their"most favored" trading partner.In essence,MFN requires WTO member countries to treat imports coming from all other WTO member countries equally,that is,by imposing equal tariffs on
them,etc.GSP exempts WTO member countries from MFN for the purpose of lowering tariffs for the least developed countries,without also lowering tariffs for rich countries 3
北美自由贸易协定
North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTAThe North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTAis an agreement signed by Canada,Mexico,and the United States,creating a trilateral rules-based trade
bloc in North America.The agreement came into force on January1,1994.It superseded the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S.and Canada.NAFTA has two supplements:the North American Agreement on Environmental
Cooperation(NAAECand the North American Agreement on Labor
Cooperation(NAALC.In terms of combined purchasing power parity GDP of its members,as of2013the trade bloc is the largest in the world as well as by nominal GDP comparison.
4口碑
word of mouth,
public praise Word of mouth is the passing of information from person to person by oral communication,which could be as simple as telling someone the time of day. Storytelling is a common form of word-of-mouth communication where one person tells others a story about a real event or something made up.Oral tradition is cultural material and traditions transmitted by word of mouth through successive generations. Storytelling and oral tradition are forms of word of mouth that play important roles in folklore and mythology.Another example of oral communication is oral history —the
recording,preservation and interpretation of historical information,based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker.Oral history preservation is the field that deals with the care and upkeep of oral history materials collected by word of mouth,whatever format they may be in.
5汇票
bill of exchange A bill of exchange or"draft"is a written order by the drawer to the drawee to pay money to the payee.A common type of bill of exchange is the cheque (check in American English,defined as a bill of exchange drawn on a banker and payable on demand.Bills of exchange are used primarily in international trade,and are written orders by one person to his bank to pay the bearer a specific sum on a specific date. Prior to the advent of paper currency,bills of exchange were a common means of exchange. They are not used as often today.6
6倾销
dumping In economics,"dumping"is a kind of predatory pricing,especially in the context of international trade.It occurs when manufacturers export a product to another country at a price either below the price charged in its home market or below its cost of production.7
7利基营销
niche marketing Niche marketing is marketing a product or service in a small portion
of a market that is not being readily served by the main stream product or service providers.Nearly everything we take for granted–from the fast food chains, convenience stores,even Wal-Mart
–began as a business to fill perceived voids in the market place.These“niches”can be geographic areas,a specialty industry,a demographic or ethnic group,a specific gender group,or other special group of people.
8特许经营
Franchising Franchising is the practice of the right to use a firm's successful business model and brand for a prescribed period of time.The word"franchise"is of Anglo-French derivation—from franc,meaning free—and is used both as a noun and as a(transitiveverb.For the franchiser,the franchise is an alternative to building "chain stores"to distribute goods that avoids the investments and liability of a chain. The franchisor's success depends on the success of the franchisees.The franchisee is said to have a greater incentive than a direct employee because he or she has a direct stake in the business.Essentially,and in terms of distribution,the franchisor is a supplier who allows an operator,or a franchisee,to use the supplier's trademark and distribute the supplier's goods.In return,the operator pays the supplier a fee. Thirty three countries—including the United States and Australia—have laws that explicitly regulate franchising,with the majority of all other countries having laws which have a direct or indirect
impact on franchising.
9市场细分
market segmentation Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers,businesses,or countries who have common needs and priorities,and then designing and implementing strategies to target them.Market segmentation strategies may be used to identify the target customers,and provide supporting data for positioning to achieve a marketing plan objective.Businesses may develop product differentiation strategies,or an
undifferentiated approach,involving specific products or product lines depending on the specific demand and attributes of the target segment.
10对等贸易
counter trade Counter trade means exchanging goods or services which are paid for, in whole or part,with other goods or services,rather than with money.A monetary valuation can however be used in counter trade for accounting purposes.In dealings between sovereign states,the term bilateral trade is used.OR"Any transaction involving exchange of goods or service for something of equal value."
二.篇章翻译(120分
英译汉(60分
英译汉原文
When You Move,I Move:Increasing Synchronization Among Asia’
s Economies In recent decades,trade integration within Asia has increased more than in other regions.In valued-added terms,intraregional trade grew on average by
over10percent a year from1990to2012,twice the pace seen outside of Asia.Likewise, financial integration within the region has started to catch up,although it still lags behind trade integration.Concomitantly,business cycles in Asia have become steadily more synchronized over the past two decades,with the correlation between ASEAN economies’growth rates almost reaching the very high levels seen within the Euro Area.As outlined in the IMF Asia and Pacific Department
’s latest Regional Economic Outlook,these facts are https://www.doczj.com/doc/ea16443170.html,ly,increases in trade and financial integration have strengthened the propagation of growth shocks between regional partners,leading Asian economies to move more in lockstep.One driver of this synchronization of business cycles has been the increase in size and connectedness
of China’s economy.Looking ahead,we expect regional integration agenda and a bigger China to further increase spillovers and growth co-movement across the region.
Greater international cooperation,particularly regional and global financial safety
nets,can help countries respond to the associated risk of more synchronized,sharper downturns,and thereby help Asia make the most of greater regional integration. Trade integration has been an important synchronizing force for Asian business cycles On the trade side,our study brings a novel finding:what makes two economies co-move —by propagating shocks across borders
—is the intensity of their bilateral trade in value-added terms,not in gross terms. The iPhone supply chain example illustrates why this makes sense:although China exports the product to the US,its domestic firms add only a small fraction of the overall value added,so that gross exports vastly over-estimate the dependence of the Chinese economy on final demand from American consumers.The reverse holds for Korea or Taiwan POC,which reap sizeable value added through exports of components to China even though they don’t export any iPhones to the US.Overall,the trend increase in the value-added traded between Asian economies over the past two decades has accounted for around one-quarter of the concomitant increase in business cycle synchronization across the region.Financial integration has been a more ambivalent force.Across the world,it has magnified the impact on business cycle synchronization of large global shocks like the global financial crisis,as global banks pulled
funds back across the board.But in normal times,it has lowered synchronization somewhat,possibly by facilitating international reallocation of capital when a shock hits
one country.However,this has been less of a factor in Asia,where cross-border financial claims and flows have so far been comparatively small.
英译汉的译文
亦步亦趋:亚洲经济体的同步性不断增强
近几十年来,亚洲贸易一体化的步伐大于其他地区。以增加值计算,
1990年至2012年,亚洲区域内贸易平均每年增长10%以上,增速是亚洲之外地区的两倍。同样,该地区的金融一体化也开始赶超,但仍落后于贸易一体化。伴随而来的是,过去二十年里,亚洲地区的商业周期的同步性稳步上升,东盟各经济体增长率的关联度几乎达到了欧元区内的极高水平。
正如基金组织亚太部最新一期《地区经济展望》所述,上述情况是相互关联的,即,贸易与金融一体化的发展推动了区域伙伴之间增长冲击的传播,导致亚洲经济体的步伐愈发一致。中国经济的规模扩大和对外关联度增强是商业周期同步化的一个驱动因素。展望未来,我们预计区域一体化行动和中国的发展将进一步加强该地区的溢出效应和增长联动性。加强国际合作,尤其是区域和全球金融安全网方面的合作,有助于各国应对更同步的、更急剧的经济下滑风险,进而使亚洲能从深化区域一体化中获得最大的收益。
贸易一体化是亚洲商业周期同步化增强的重要驱动因素
在贸易方面,我们的研究得出了一个新颖的观点,即,导致两个经济体(通过跨境传播冲击进行联动的因素是以增加值衡量的双边贸易规模,而非总值衡量的规模。苹果手机供应链的例子可以很好地解释这个道理。虽然中国向美国出口产品,但国内企业获得的增加值仅为总体增加值的一小部分,因此按总出口来衡量的话会大大
高估中国经济对美国消费者最终需求的依赖性。韩国或中国台湾的情况则正相反:即便他们不向美国出口任何苹果手机,但可通过向中国出口配件来获取丰厚的增加值。总体上来看,亚洲商业周期同步性的增幅中,约有四分之一是因为过去二十年里亚洲经济体之间贸易增加值的趋势增长。
金融一体化则是一股更具矛盾的力量。在全球范围内,由于危机期间全球性银行全面收回资金,金融一体化加剧了诸如国际金融危机这种大规模全球冲击对商业周期同步性的影响。但在正常时期,金融一体化导致同步性有所下降,其途径可能是:在冲击影响某一国时,金融一体化会促进资本在全球的再分配。然而,金融一体化对亚洲的影响不大,因为该地区跨境金融债权和流动的规模至今相对较小。
汉译英(60分
汉译英的原文
我国人口老龄化对经济增长的潜在影响理论研究认为,老龄化会减少劳动力供给,降低社会储蓄率,导致产出和资本形成能力下降,最终影响经济增长。同时,发达国家的实际表明,随着人口老龄化,养老费用及人均医疗费用均会大幅上升,加重政府财政负担。与发达国家“富老同步冶或者“先富后老冶相比,我国人均收入水平仍然较低,属于明显的“未富先老冶,
对经济增长的影响日益明显。一是未来劳动力供给减少和成本上升,将不利于企业尤其是劳动密集型企业发展。二是老年抚养比淤上升将影响居民储蓄数量和储蓄倾向,并通过降低企业利
润间接影响企业储蓄行为。储蓄下降将减少投资资金来源, 并影响资金价格。三是加重财政支出负担。与发达国家相比, 我国社会保障水平较低, 养老保险和医疗保险面临资金紧张、覆盖面窄等问题, 许多地方存在养老金缺口。随着我国社会保障体系逐渐完善, 养老金水平不断提高, 医疗保障覆盖面扩大, 未来老龄化所带来的财政支出将大幅增长, 财政压力随之增大。人口老龄化将是我国需要面对的一个长期问题, 应加快采取相关应对措施, 继续推进新型城镇化建设和区域经济协调发