自考英语（二）复习资料
UNIT 1-1
UNIT 1
一、word study
objective,accompany,argue,define
①objective
a.⑴客观的，真实的。⑵如实的，无偏见的。
We have to accept the objective reality as it is.
我们必须接受客观事实。
The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement.
文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。
n.目标，目的。
People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.
人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。
My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam.
我目前的目标是通过口试。
②accompany
vt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。。。伴奏
The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil.
演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏。
The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog.
这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。
All orders must be accompanied with cash.
所有的订货单必须随附现金。
③argue
vt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论
作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for（赞成）或against（反对）。
She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.
她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。
He often argues philosophy with James.
他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。
He argued for immediate action.
他主张立即行动。
They argued against such a policy.
他们反对这种政策。
vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服
argue into（out of）doing sth.. 说服某人做（不做）某事。
I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。
He argued that man was descended from apes.
他论证人类的祖先是猿。
④define
vt.1、解释，给。。。下定义；2、限定，规定。
Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force.
功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。
He has defined his position on the issues.
他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。
UNIT 1-2
二、常考句型
1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1
A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.
2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2
Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.
3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3
If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.
4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3
For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.
5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4
For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.
6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的---哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6
Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best—that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.
7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6
In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.
8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7
Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .
三、习题
1.单词英译汉
goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity,
2.词组英译汉
in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down
3.句子英译汉
与常考句型相同。
4.Text A 汉译英
决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。
Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.
有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。
Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.
没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。
If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.
不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。
Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.
决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。
Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company.
Decision makers are usually key people who determine the company's business development.
UNIT 1-3
四、历年试题
1. Almost everything a manager does _______ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。
答案是involves . 考点: involve 为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。
2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _______(make). (99.4)
答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision.
3. If you are now_____your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4)
A. in
B. at
C. between
D. among
答案是 A.
4. Almost everything a manager does_____decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4)
A. imposes
B. improvise
C. involves
D. indicates
答案为C .
5. When______(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems.
答案为presented . 考点：present 是过去分词作状语。
6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_____(make) today may have consequences far into the future.
答案是made . 考点：make 是过去分词作定语，修饰decision .
7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。
答案：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be.
1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。
答：The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals.
2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。
答：The decision-making process is fundamental to business management.
3. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。
答：Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making.
4. 虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。
答：Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to chance.
5. 不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。
答：Different manager define the same problem in different terms.
UNIT 2-1
一、word study
exert,collapse,lauch,operate
①exert
vt.尽（力）；发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）
He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.
他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。
He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.
他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。
These principles exerted great influence upon the course of the revolution.
这些原则对革命进程产生了很大的影响。
②collapse
n.1、倒塌，崩溃，瓦解；2、（健康等）垮掉，（因精疲力竭等原因）倒下
The storm caused the collapse of the wooden shelter.
暴风雨使这个避风雨的木棚倒塌了。
He suffered from a nervous collapse.
他的精神崩溃了。
The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.
政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。
vi.倒塌，崩溃
The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow.
屋顶被雪压塌了。
The negotiations collapsed after several meetings.
会谈了几次之后，谈判破裂了。
In the last weeks of the war she collapsed from long imprisonment.
在战争的最后几个星期里她的身体因长期监禁而垮掉了。
③lauch
vt 1、发射，投射；2、使（船）下水
The satellite was launched in a rocket.
这颗卫星是由火箭发射的。
The hunter launched a spear at the wolf.
猎人把矛向狼掷去。
A new ship has been successfully launched.
一条新船已成功地下水。
vt ./vi.发动，发起（运动等）
launch out into 开始，着手进行
Our army launched an attack on the enemy.
我们的军队向敌人发起猛攻。
The police launched an investigation into the case.
警察对此案开展了调查。
The research group launched out into a series of new experiment.
研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。
UNIT 2-2
④operate
vi. 1、运转，起作用；2、动手术（on,upon）
The elevator operates smoothly.
电梯运行顺利。
The medicine gradually operated.
药物逐渐奏效了。
The doctor operated on the neck of the patient.
医生给病人的颈部动手术。
vt.1、操作，操纵，经营；2、对。。。动手术
This airline operates five main lines and dozens of branch lines.
这家航空公司经营五条主干线和十几条支线。
Do you know how to operate the machine?
你知道怎么开这台机器吗？
The doctor operated the patient on the neck.
医生给病人的颈部动手术。
He was operated on for lung cancer.
他因肺癌动了手术。
二、常考句型
1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。P1
Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.
2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。P2
The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.
3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。P2
Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.
4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。P3
If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。P3
It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。P5
On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.
三、习题
Unit 2 练习：
1.词汇英译汉：
escape, explode, collapse, shrink, gravity, measurement, basis, launch, convincing, companion,
speculation, swallow, operate, to make use of, a great many, above all
2.句子英译汉：
1) ~6) 与常考句型相同。
7) There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.
8) They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of space and time.
UNIT 2-3
3 句子汉译英
黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。
Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is.
据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。
It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars .
对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷。
The research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.
科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么。
Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.
It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole.
如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。
If we understood black holes, they would not be so fearful .
Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.
单元课后练习
Ⅰ.Word Spelling
1.密度n. density _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2.（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃v. collapse _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
3.边界线，边界n. boundary _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
4.永恒的，经久不变的 a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
5.基础，根据n.b _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6.发射，发动v.l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
7.双胞胎之一a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
8.同伴，同事n.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
9.人类n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
10.推测，猜测n.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
11.吞v.s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
12.不充分的a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
13.物质n.m _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
14.情况，环境a.c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
15.发生，出现v.o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
16.强烈的a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
17.证据n.e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
18.看不见的a.i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
19.宇航员n.a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
20.热带的a.t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Ⅱ.Word Form
1.Supernovae____(report) by astronomers in the seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries.
2.Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still____(have) the
same mass, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.
3.If one____(make) a journey over the Continents one would find every kind of
surface including mountain ranges, plains, and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.
4.And astronomers are planning a new observatory to study the individual
exploding stars____(believe) to be black holes.
5.Matter from the one which we can see____(pull) towards the companion star. UNIT 2-4
6.There might be a massive black hole at the centre of our galaxy____(swallow) up stars at a very rapid rate.
7.The most____(convince) evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
8.They show us a world which operates in a ____(total) different way from our own.
9.The surface of some areas____(consist) largely of high mountains and deep valleys.
10.Our world is the home of a very great many different people-peoples with different____(colour) skins.
Ⅲ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)____which matter has fallen and____which nothing can escape-not even light.
[A] into into
[B] into from
[C] from into
[D] from from
2.This process of shrinking may be so intense____a black hole results.
[A] whether
[B] what
[C] which
[D] that
3.Binary stars,____their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.
[A] as
[B] that
[C] what
[D] if
4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an invisible companion star, a 'partner' to____which we can see in the sky.
[A] the one
[B] that
[C] the ones
[D] those
5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day____the energy of black holes for mankind.
[A] make fun of
[B] make sure of
[C] make use of
[D] make sense of
6.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes
as____.
[A] companies
[B] comparisons
[C] compounds
[D] companions
7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in____round the sun.
[A] track
[B] orbit
[C] tour
[D] route
UNIT 2-5
8.In August 1977, a satellite was____to gather data about the black holes in the Milky way.
[A] posted
[B] delivered
[C] launched
[D] transmitted
9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are____here.
[A] inadequate
[B] invisible
[C] intense
[D] individual
10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But____,matter must behave very differently inside the hole.
[A] in addition
[B] in person
[C] in detail
[D] in theory
Ⅳ.C-E Translation
1.这个收缩的过程如此强烈，以至于黑洞产生了。
2.直到最近天文学家们才开始研究黑洞。
3.但是从理论上说，物质在黑洞里的行为一定非常不同。
4.黑洞最强有力的证据来自对双星系的研究。
5.有一天也许人类也会遭此命运。
单元自测答案Unit 2
Ⅰ.Word Spelling
1.density
2.collapse
3.boundary
4.constant
5.basis
https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef16034346.html,unch
7.twin https://www.doczj.com/doc/ef16034346.html,panion 9.mankind
10.speculation 11.swallow 12.inadequate
13.matter 14.circumstance 15.occur
16.intense 17.evidence 18.invisible
19.astronaut 20.tropical
Ⅱ.Word Form
1.were reported
2.having
3.made
4.believed
5.is being pulled
6.swallowing
7.convincing 8.totally 9.consists
10.coloured
Ⅲ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.B
2.D
3.A
4.A
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.C
9.A 10.D
Ⅳ.C-E Translation
1.This process of shrinking is so intense that a black hole results.
2.It is only recently/It is not until recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.
UNIT 2-6
3.But in theory, matter must behave very differently/in a very different manner inside the black hole.
4.The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems.
5.Mankind may one day meet this fate.
四、历年试题
1. 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。
答：The star will explode when its density increases to some extent.
2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？
答：Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ?
3. 假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。
答：If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.
4. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。
答：Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century.
5. 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。
答：He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.
UNIT 3-1
一、word study
request,ensure,oppose,burden,open up
①request n./vt.请求，要求
request 后面接for，表示要求的对象；―根据要求‖为by(或on) request；―应。。。之要求‖则为at sb‘s request。
He made a request for immediate help.
他要求立即给予帮助。Minibuses stop by request. 小公共汽车招手即停。
Instructions will be sent immediately on(upon) request.
说明将按要求立即寄出。
The singer gave one more song at our request. 歌唱家在我们的要求下又唱了一首歌。Your silence is requested.
请勿说话。
②ensure vt.保证，担保
ensure 后面接against 或from，表示―保证。。。免于。。。‖；后面接to 或for，则表示―保证。。。具有。。。‖。
We can ensure that the work w ill be done in the right way.
我们可以保证把工作做好。
The police can ensure the witness against (或from) danger.
警察能保证证人免受危险。
This measure ensure to (或for) us a voice in the matter.
这项措施使我们在这件事上具有发言权。
③oppose vt.1、反对，反抗；2、使相对，使对抗（to）
Many people opposed building a new highw ay because of the great cost.
由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路。
To the difficulties she opposed a will of iron.
她用钢铁般的意志对待困难。
What he said was totally opposed to the facts.
他说的与事实完全相反。
We are firmly opposed to this dirty political deal.
我们坚决反对这场肮脏的政治交易。
④burden n.1、担子，负担；2、责任，义务
She bore the w hole burden of raising two children.
她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任。
The burden of running the factory is too heavy for his failing health. 管理这家工厂的重担对他日益恶化的健康来说是太重了。vt.使负重担；麻烦，劳累
The mother w as burden w ith w orries.
妈妈忧心忡忡。
Students are heavily burdened with home assignments.
学生家庭作业负担过重。
⑤open up
1、打开；
2、开办，开辟，开发；
3、坦诚地或无拘无束地谈话They opened up his stomach
to get at the source of the trouble. 他们给他的胃开了刀，以找出病根。
They opened up a mine in the remote areas.
他们在那个偏远地区开了矿。
They decided to open up a business in the town.
他们决定在城里开一家店。
The girl decided to open up and tell us everything.
这个女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切。
UNIT 3-2
二、常考句型
1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。P2
Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there w as no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.
2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。P3
Van Wendel‘s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor w ere filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.
3、从那时开始，已有20 多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大辩论。P3
The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationw ide debate on the subject.
4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。P9
What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven‘t the right.
三、习题
1.词汇英译汉
. weaken . deteriorate .debate . legal. request . criterion . ensure . op pose tradition consideration disabled . burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive 词组：. to debate on . to make request for be opposed to . to take … into account
2.句子英译汉（重点句）
Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal w as no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there w as no hope of recovery and that his condition w as rapidly deteriorating.
Van Wendel‘s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor w ere filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.
The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is show n, it starts a nationw ide debate on the subject.
What those people w ho oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven‘t the right.
The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that
there is no
chance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia .
I think that anything that legally allow s the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.
3.句子汉译英P.59
安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。
Euthanasia can really help rid the dying patients of extreme suffering . Euthanasia does release the dying people from their suffering . 你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家?
Do you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe that permits euthanasia ?
支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。
Those doctors w ho support the idea never mean they don‘t care about / for patients .
在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。
After the first doctor has diagnosed the illness , a second doctor must confirm the case .
反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。
Opponents think patients may not really w ant to end their lives, and probably there is another request behind the request .
四、历年试题
1. The film （show ）Cees Van Wendel ‘s death w as both moving and sensitive.（99.10）
答案：showing . 考点：showing 是现在分词作定语修饰the film .
2. Each time the programmer of Van Wendal‘s last days before euthanasia w as showed on T V, it starts a nationw ide debate the subject. （99.10）
A. for
B. against
C. on
D. of
答案：C . 考点：词组debate on 对…的争论。
3. 汉译英：每次播放这个节目，都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。（99.10）答案：Each time it is shown , this program starts a nationw ide debate on the subject.
（00.10）答案：The patient is said to have
4. 汉译英：据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。
asked the doctor to help him die.
（或者：It is said that the patient has asked the doctor to help him die .）
UNIT 4-1
一、word study
exploit ,campaign,execute,deserve,status,bring over
①exploit vt.1、开发，开采；2、利用；3、剥削 A mine is exploited for its minertals. 开
发矿山是为了采矿。
The student exploits every possibility to learn English.
这个学生利用一切可能性学英语。
The company exploited its w orkers w ith long hours and low pay.
该公司用长工时、低工资的方法来剥削工人。
②campaign n.1、战役；2、运动，参选运动
The Huai-Hai Campaign was essential to the victory of the War of Liberation.
淮海战役对解放战争的胜利至关重要。
Our country is launching a campaign against waste.
我们国家正在开展反浪费运动。
His presidential campaign succeeded and he w on the election. 总统竞选运动取得成功，他当选了。vi.参加运动，参加竞选活动
They w ere campaigning to keep the local school open.
他们为使当地学校不致关闭而奔走活动。
The candidates for president campaigned by sending out letters to voters and speaking at public meeting.
总统候选人通过向选民发信和群众集会上讲演来竞选。
vt.使。。。参加运动；对。。。进行活动
Joan is campaigning the government for equal rights for women.
琼对政府进行活动，要求给予妇女同等权利。
③execute vt.1、实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2、将。。。处死All orders were immediately executed.
所有的命令都立即执行了。
Your order will be executed as early as possible.
你的命令将尽早执行。
The pianist executed the piece of music perfectly.
这位钢琴家把这首曲子演奏得完美极了。
The criminal w as executed after the trial.
审判后罪犯即被处死。
④deserve vt.应受，值得（宾语可用名词，动词或动词不定式）He certainly deserves praise.
他的确应受表扬。
Our band deserves ranking w ith the best in this country.
我们的乐队在国内当之无愧属于一流。He deserves to be sent to prison. 他应该被送去坐牢。
由deserve 变成的形容词deserving 后边用介词of。
The robber is deserving of capital punishment.
这个强盗应处极刑。
The old man w as really deserving of pity.
那个老人家实在值得可怜。
⑤status n.1、情形，状况；2、地位，身份
We should be alw ays aw are of the status of w orld affairs.
我们应该时刻关注世界形势。
None will question his status as a scholar.
没有人会怀疑他的学者身份。
We should raise the status of women in society.
UNIT 4-2
我们应该提高妇女的社会地位。
⑥bring over
1、把。。。带来；
2、使转变
Next summer he hopes to bring his family over from the united states.
他希望明年夏天把家属从美国带来。
My father is alw ays trying to bring me over to his way of thinking.
我的父亲总想使我接受他的思想方法。
二、重点句型
1、据估计，有20000 多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作。P1
There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. There be 表" 存在" 的句型。
2、在这20000 人中，将近2000 人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待。P1
Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.
3、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中，全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注。P3
The sad condition of women w orking as domestics around the w orld received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.
4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定。P3
A Filipino maid w as executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.
5、她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资。P5
She used to w ork for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
6、因为她发现很难养活自己的4 个孩子，所以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作。P5
Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as
a domestic in London.
7、因此如果她们提出申诉，她们就有被驱逐出境的危险。
So if they do complain, they risk being deported.
三、习题
1.单词英译汉domestic，statistic，diplomat ，exploit ，campaign，execute，convict，despite，deserving，shelf，minimum ，status，deport，
2.句子英译汉
（1）There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in
Britain.
（2）Of these 20,000 , just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.
（3）The sad condition of w omen w orking as domestics around the w orld received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.
（4）A Filipino maid w as executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.
（5）She used to w ork for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.
（6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.
（7）So if they do complain , they risk being deported.
（8）This included increasing the minimum age of employees to 18, getting employees to read and understand an advice leaflet, getting employers to agree to provide adequate maintenance and
conditions, and to put in writing the main terms and conditions of the job (of which the employees should see a copy).
（9）For the main problem facing overseas maids and domestics who try to complain about
cruel living and w orking conditions is that they do not have independent immigrant status and so cannot change employer.
UNIT 4-3
（10）It is, they say, the right to change employers w hich distinguishes employment from slavery.
3.句子汉译英
（1）处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计。
The government department that deals with relevant affairs does not keep statistics.
（2）正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆。
It w as because she found it difficult to feed her family that she accepted a job w orking as a domestic.
（3）她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的。
She w as hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to w ork in London .
（4）家仆的工作状况得到了新闻媒介的关注。
The conditions of w orking as domestics have received media attention .
（5）雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国。
The employers alw ays threatened to send us back to our countries.
四、历年试题
1. When they get out of prison, they _ _(increase) the level of their criminal beh avior.
答案：will increase . 考点：时间状语从句中主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来。从句谓语动词是get 一般现在时，所以从句用will increase 。
2.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measure to help __domes tic workers from abuse by their employers.
A. protect
B. suspect
C. expect
D. inspect
答案是：A . 考点是：protect … from 保护… 免受…
3. __ _ _their differences, they fell passionately in love with each other. A. As for B. Owing to C. Despite D. Through
答案：C . 考点：despite 表示让步的关系。本句的意思是：尽管他们之间有分歧，但他们彼此深爱对方。
Translation
1. 许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待。
答：Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers.
2. 自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注。
答：The bad condition of the woman servants has received much media attention since last year.
3. 他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国。
答：He always threatened that he would send me back to my country.
4. 她曾在一家茶叶厂工作，工资很低。
答：She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory.
5. 据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作。
答：It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants wor king in Britain.
UNIT 5-1
一、word study
transformation,originate,penetrating,take over,take on
①transformation n.1、变化，转化；2、改造，改革
His brain operation caused a great transformation in his character.
脑手术大大改变了他的性格。
The transformation of a backward country into an advanced country requires the painstaking efforts of several generations.
将一个落后的国家改变为发达国家需要几代人的艰苦努力。
The social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society.
一个国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要。
②originate vi./vt.发源；发生，发起
All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.
所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。The use of steam originated many other reforms. 蒸汽的使用引起了许多其它的革新。
③penetrating
a.1、穿透的，贯穿的；2、深刻的，透彻的They w alked against the penetrating w ind. 他们迎着刺骨的寒风行走。
Her penetrating voice frightened the little boy.
她刺耳的嗓子把小男孩吓坏了。
Swift‘s w orks were most penetrating and pow erful.
斯威夫特的作品极为深刻有力。
④take over
1、接管，接任；
2、把。。。从一处运到另一处
The young doctor has taken over duties of the old.
年轻医生已接替了老医生的工作。
When Mr.Green retired, his son took over the business from him.
格林先生退休后，由他儿子接管他的生意。
Mr.Brow n took me over to the island in his steamboat.
布朗先生用他的汽艇把我送到该岛。
⑤take on
1、具有，担任（工作等）；
2、雇佣
The disease took on some special characteristics.
那种疾病具有一些特殊的特征。
He has taken on a new job.
他已承担了一项新工作。
The employer takes on twenty more w orkers.
那位雇主又雇佣了20 名工人。
二、重点句型
1、新音乐是从已有的音乐中产生的。P1
The new music w as built out of materials already in existence.
2、民间音乐，既有古老又有现代的，在大学生中颇为流行。P1
Folk music, old and modern, w as popular among college students.
3、他们自由地吸收爵士乐、美国乡村音乐的成分。P2
They freely took over elements from jazz, from American country music.
UNIT 5-2
4、在家里欣赏唱片的时候，听众尽力模仿照明效果。P4
With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.
三、习题
（一）单词、词组英译汉
musician rhythmic distinct consciousness originate readily instrument electronic thereby passive participant
1.The new music w as built out of materials already in existence.
2.Folk music, old and modern, w as popular among college students.
3.They freely took over elements form jazz, from American country music.
4.With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.
5.In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much w ith a musical theme as w ith a completed composition.
6.Most composers since Beethoven's day belong to this second type.
7.Men like Palestrina and Bach belong in this category.
（三）汉译英这一章是关于热能转化成动力的。
The chapter is about the transformation of heat into pow er.
一群人自发地聚集在事故现场。
A group of people got together spontaneously at the scene of the accident.
这次争吵是由误会引起的。
The quarrel originated from a misunderstanding.
1949 年后，军队接管了这个城市。
The army took over this city after 1949.
为了你的健康，你不应该承担太繁重的工作。
For your health,you should avoid taking on too much work.
四、历年试题
1. In the process of composition , it isn‘t easy to be inspired in a spontaneous w ay for long periods_ _ a stretch..
A. at
B. for
C. over
D. in
答案是a 。考点：词组at a stretch 一口气，连续不断的
2.汉译英新音乐是由业已存在的材料构建出来的。
答案：The new music was built out of material already in existence.
3. 汉译英：那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。
答案：It was folk music that was popular among college students at that time.
4. 汉译英：不用说我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。
答案：It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society.
1. 新音乐起源于布鲁斯、摇滚乐和民间音乐。
答：The new music originated from blues, rock and roll and folk music.
2. 民间音乐表现和平、友谊和希望。
答：Folk music expresses peace, friendship and hope.
3. 他们已不再是被动的听众而是积极的参与者。
答：Instead of passive audience, they have become active participants.
4. 他们自由地从不同的音乐来源中吸取元素。
答：They freely took over elements form diverse music sources.
5. 新音乐采取多种形式，几乎具有无限的表现力。
答：The new music may take on various forms and be capable of expressing an almost limitless range.
UNIT 6-1
一、word study
spray,cast,expose,switch,critical
①spray n.1、水花，浪花；2、喷雾，喷雾状物The spray of the waterfall is very beautiful. 瀑布的水花飞溅，非常漂亮。
A spray of bullets hit the tree behind which he w as hiding. 一阵喷射的子弹打中了他藏身其后的那棵树。vt.喷，向。。。喷射，喷涂
Fruit trees are sprayed regularly.
果树应定期喷上杀虫剂。
The students sprayed questions at the teacher.
学生们连珠炮似的向老师提出一个又一个问题。
②cast vt.1、投，扔，抛，掷（at）；2、投射（光，影，视线等）（on,at）；3、浇铸，铸造The boy cast a stone at the dog.
那个男孩向那条狗扔了块石头。
His w ords cast a new light on the problem.
他的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。The robot can cast steel after being reprogrammed. 在重新设定程序之后，机器人能浇铸钢材。
n.1、投，掷；2、模具；3、演员（阵容）
The Beijing Theatre of People‘s Art has a very strong cast.
北京人民艺术剧院有很强大的演员阵容。
③expose vt.1、使暴露，使面临；2、揭露，揭发
The w orks w ere exposed to all kinds of w eather.
工人们经受风吹雨打。
We should be aw are of the dangers of exposing children to violence on T V.
我们应当意识到儿童接触有关暴力电视节目的危害。
He has been widely exposed to the public on the television.
他经常在电视上向公众露面。
The mistakes of the past must be exposed w ithout any reserve.
对以前的错误一定要毫无保留地揭发。
④switch n.1、开关，转换器；2、（思路、话题等的）转换
It is two-way switch.
这是个双向开关。
He has made a switch of support from one political party to another. 他已从支持一个政党转而支持另一个政党。vi.1、转换，改变（思路、话题等）；2、接通。。。电流（on），切断。。。电流（off）We switched the discussion to another topic.
我们换了一个讨论题目。
E ntering the room, he sw itched the light on. 一进房间，他就把灯打开了。vt.转换，变换（switch(over)to）
He switched (over) to medicine and graduated in 1980.
Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak
a great many 很多 abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消 above all 首先，首要 abroad ad.到国外；在国外 abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accessible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏accomplish vt.完成(任务等) accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢 acquire vt.获得，得到 acronym n.首字母缩略词 activate vt.使活动，使起作用 actor n.男演员 additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的 adjust vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment n.调整 administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关advantageous a.有利的，有助的 adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨 aged a.年老的，老的 Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名) alarm n.警报；惊恐 vt.向…报警；打扰 Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家) Alex la Guma 亚力克斯?拉顾玛(南非作家) Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德?哈奇逊(南非作家) Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德?怀特里德 allege vt.断言，宣称 alter vt./vi.改变，改动 Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文?布朗斯坦(人名) amplifier n.放大器 amusement n.娱乐，消遣 anaesthetics n.麻醉学 analyze vt.分析 and the like 等等，诸如此类 Andre Brink 安德烈?布林克(南非作家) Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁?福格森(人名) antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法 appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械 applicant n.申请人，请求者 appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定appointment n.任命；约会 appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢appropriate a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的approximate a.近似的，大约的 v.近似，接近；使接近aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地 argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服 argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族 aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的 Aristotle 亚里士多德 Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名) arthquake n.地震 as a rule 通常；一般说来 as for 对于，至于 as fresh as paint 精神饱满 assault n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击assemble vt.集合；装配 vi.集合 assembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装assignment n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业assumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取 astronaut n.宇航员 astronomer n.天文学家 Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 at a guess 凭猜测 at a stretch 连续不断地 at ease 自在的，舒适的 at present 现在；目前 at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然 attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱attacker n.攻击者 attain vt.达到；完成 attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者
自考英语二怎么学 自考英语二怎么学 1 英语(二)词汇记忆方法 英语二词汇要求达到3800词，词组750.有的同学问是不是就只要背下册书的词汇就行了，回答是不够的，肯定是不够的，因为词汇没有说只考下册，上册也要背。但是有人说我短期内怎么记住这些大量的词汇呢?大家词汇学习第一个应该是有一定的时间，因为有的同学说一个星期或者两个星期教给你方法能够记住几千，他这个方法有点儿像变魔术，不太现实，我觉得词汇是一个积累。因为从心理学角度来讲学词汇有两个方向，一个方向是要把词汇学习的时候印象深刻，一个词能够像串葡萄似的串出一串来，比如同义词、反义词、近义词，应该把有关联的词相互记忆。第二，词汇一定得重复，从心理学角度学词必须这样。 2 英语(二)学习重点 英语是一种语言，任何语言都是由词和句子构成的，所以光会了词，不会把这些词组成句子是不行的，因此怎么组成句子呢?得知道组成句子的规则，还有一些习惯用法，你必须要了解这种语言的文化，所以说学英语光学词是不行的，因此是除了学词以外还得学词的用法以及文化，习惯用法就是一种文化，死背根本记不住。为什么记不住?背的这个词应该是灵活的，怎么灵活呢?这个词首先要知道词性是什么，做个句子，学了一个词不会做句子造一个短语，还要大声的念，李阳疯狂英语为什么风靡全国，就是要把词大声地念出来，这样从耳朵里能够听进去的，对大脑的刺激比眼睛里看见的要强得多，所以学习词汇的一个技巧要大声念，要组一个词或者组一个短语，这样记忆比光看两遍、写几遍要好得多。
3 英语(二)考前冲刺方法 最好的方法应该是做冲刺的题目，所谓冲刺的题目就是要做一些题目跟考试的真题一样的，每一部分都是给自己做测试，做模拟题，比如要设定时间是2个半小时，考试是2个半小时，你就要用2个 半小时做模拟卷然后做考试题，因为考试的真题都有答案，最后对 一下答案看得多少分。 4 英语(二)考试如何安排考场时间 考试时间安排，总有最后的翻译题来不及做的这种情况，所以我跟大家讲主观性题目，我刚才说了有30%，一定要留出足够的时间，至少三分之一的时间来做。有一部分比较难的，就像完形填空，那 个只有10分，但是有大部分同学在那儿花的时间太多了，完形填空 一段文章是比较难的，把10个空填进去，如果耗费了很多时间不值得。因为完形填空一般的同学语法知识比较差的话，做不好这道题。但是像第一个题目词汇结构题，如果有一定的语法知识这道题应该 是可以拿到分的。再有阅读理解题，也是30分，有的同学最后来不 及把文章仔细看，就随便乱选了很容易选错，所以把三分之一的时 间一定要留给阅读理解，还有三分之一的时间留给主观性题目就是 翻译题。 注意事项 备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。 重复学习法当感到知识已经掌握得的差不多的时候，再重复学一次。这一次也许会获得更深的印象和更多的体会。 换位思考法在自学中，不要老是把你自己当成是“学生”，处于被动地位，而要不断的把自己摆放到“先生”的位置上，采取主动，产生不同的想法来。
2014年4月自考英语二00015试题及答案 第一部分：阅读判断（10*1分） Running: sport or way of life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there’s nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortabl e clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you d on’t need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But d on’t be fool ed into thinking the sport of running is easy. It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscl es. It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you d on’t get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more cl early. How d o you get engaged in the sport if you d on’t know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simpl e Internet search can help you find some in your area. The programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you’ll see peopl e cheering for all the runners. Running isn’t always about how fast you are running or how far you’re going. It’s about getting out there and d oing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. It you’re looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you. 1.You may find it interesting to go for a run. A.True B. False C. Not Given 2.The sport of running is easy. A.True B. False C. Not Given 3.It’s hard to find a safe environment for running.
Unit 2 Mistakes to Success I. New words and expressions New words 1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出 2. respond v. 作出反应；响应 respond to… response 3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问 4. creative adj. 创作的 5. occur v. 发生；出现 It occurred to me that… 6. remove v. 拿开；去掉 7. refrigerator n. 冰箱 8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓 9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走） 10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的 12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫 13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责 14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁 15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常 rare animals / stamps Rarely is he late for class. 16. puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 17. eventually 最后；终于 18. restore v. 使复原；使复位；使复职 19. sponge n. 海绵块 20. effectively adv. 有效地 effective ineffective 注意区分：effective / efficient 21. tiny adj. 极小的；微小的 22. discover v. 了解到；认识到；查明 discovery 23. grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 24. lip n.（容器或凹陷地方的)边，边沿
III. 部分练习讲解 P128 Bridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类 动词名词形容词副词介词连词 fear fear unavoidable wisely without so that reach success under as long as reach between Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They 1 fearthat they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be 2 undera lot of stress. But risks are 3 unavoidableand they do pave the way you must tread（踩，踏）upon towards 4 succcess. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success 5 withoutmaking any mistakes before?
So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to 6 reachyour dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish 7 betweenthe correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, 8 so thatyou know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）." You needn't worry about anything 9 as long asyou keep on going by 10 wiselylearning from your mistakes and trying even harder.
2005年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷及答案 （课程代码：00015） PART ONE （50 POINTS） Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1.Would’t you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship? A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes 2. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement, he wonders _______will happen to his family life. A. it B. that C. what D. this 3. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, ________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting . A. while B. after C. since D. as 4. We cannot leave this tough job to a person_________. A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of 5. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it . A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless 6.Hey, leave _____!I hate people touching my hair. A. behind B. out C. off D. over 7.I thought the problem of water shortage would ________ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it. A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to 8.Mr.Smith , can I ________ you for a minute? I’d like to hear your opinion on this issue. A. say a word with B. have words with C. mention a word with D. have a word with 9.There is a deadlock (僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the over . A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way 10. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted ________ the height of students at different ages. A. with B. for C. to D. in Ⅱ.Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 For over a hundred years Japan has consistently spent large sums of money and considerable human resources in an effort to obtain technology. Her ability to negotiate __11___ by the fact most of the technology she wanted was no commercial secrets. Japan’s __12__ has also been strengthened by the fact that her internal market was large, so that __13__ to this market could be offered to multinational companies as an attraction to them to grant licenses. Besides, Japan’s work force was disciplined, so it was capable __14__ applying the information it acquired. Finally, American and European companies, who were __15__ licensers, felt that the
重点语法知识讲解 1．动词的时态和语态 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时 主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时 主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时 主动被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done 现在完成进行时 主动被动 have been doing 1．1 现在完成时 发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响。 现在完成时的标志： so far， by now/ up to now，for three years， since 1995， in the past two decades 1.2 过去完成时 过去的过去。 1）said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。 He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. 2）hardly…when, no sooner… than句型中表示先发生的动作 No sooner had he got up than he received the call. 3）与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中
If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam. 1.3 完成进行时 从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直 The water has been running the whole night. 1.4 过去时 过去某一具体时间发生的事，不考虑与现在的关系。 过去时的标志：yesterday， in 1995， last week，in the nineteenth century，five years ago 等等。 2．非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表 非谓语动词形式意义 现在分词 一般式 doing 主动 , 正在进行 被动式 being done 被动 , 正在进行 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一般式 to do 主动 , 将要进行 被动式 to be done 被动 , 将要进行 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 to be doing 主动 , 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语
Unit 9 Facing Life’s Challenges I. New words and expressions New words 1. hurdle n. hurdles [pl.]跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍 2. negative n. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的 3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心 4. petty adj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的 5. individual adj. 一个人的；供一个人用的 6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道 7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所 8. symbolize v. 象征；是…的象征；代表 symbol -ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize 9. incredibly adv. 极端地；极其 credible 可靠的，可信的 credibly 变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believable simply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably 10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的 11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的 12. arise v. 发生；产生；出现 arise from sth. 区分：arouse / arise arouse one's anger / respect / sympathy 13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的 14. leap v. 跳跃 15. yard n. 码 16. inch n. 英寸 17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱 Phrases and Expressions 1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯） 2. end up最终成为；最后处于 end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrested end up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaire
Unit 8 The Great Minds The Great Minds 名人名言部分补充make A of B A famous quote A pessimist makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist makes opportunities of his difficulties. ----Harry S. Truma n 悲观者让机会沦为困难；乐观者把困难铸成机会。----杜鲁门 make A of B make a success of on e's career make a musician of the little boy wan ted The father exposed his son to music when he was still a little child becaused he to make a musicia n of him. expose sb. / on eself to sth. Don't expose yourself to the stro ng sun light, or you will get sun bur nt. 联想：sunburnt / suntanned gain exposure to sth. make a footballer of Tom make a mess of the accou nt I. New words and expressions New words 1. wrap v. 用…缠绕（或围紧） 2. seen ario n. 设想；方案；预测 3. explanation n.解释；说明 explai n expla natory 4. un eve ntful adj. 平淡无奇的；平凡的；缺乏刺激的 5. preg nancy n. 怀孕；妊娠；孕期 6. imperfect adj.有缺陷的；不完全的；不完美的 perfect perfecti on
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试卷 I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork. A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed 2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions. A. obligation B.evidence C.transaction D.motivation 3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag. A.to B .for C.on D.at 4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media. A.request B.require C.inquire D.acquire 5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along. A.I realized B.did I realize C.I did realize D.realized I 6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer. A.appreciate B.admire C.enjoy D.like 7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year. A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity 8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes. A. that B.and C.hence D.as 9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. A.going through B.going in for C.going after D.going over 10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is. A.putting out B.turning out C.working out D.running out II. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each) 下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。 People in all parts of the world are observing "No Tobacco Day". It is the day 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) appeals to people to stop using tobacco products. WHO hopes if people stop smoking cigarettes or 12 tobacco for one day, they will stop permanently. Health experts have warned for years that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other 13 ．WHO says diseases linked to smoking kill 14 2,500,000 persons each year. Still, many people find it 15 stopping smoking. One reason is nicotine, a substance found in cigarettes. Nicotine is a drug. Its effects are 16 those of cocaine and heroin. "No Tobacco Day" is intended for smokers and 17 who earn money from tobacco sales. So businesses are urged to stop selling tobacco products for twenty-four hours. 18 are urged not to carry advertisements for cigarettes. WHO has approved plans to help reach its 19 of a "smoke-free" world. They urge governments to take action to help 20 make money by growing other crops. They also call for improved public information campaigns about the risks of smoking. 11. A. whether B. which C. when D. what