Lectures
1 Animal Awareness and Thought（动物的意识与思想）
2 Antibiotics（抗生素）
3 Beta Pictoris （绘架座β星）
4 Child Development （儿童的发展过程）
5 Climate and Population（气候与人口）
6 Co-evolution （共同进化）
7 Deforestation（森林砍伐）
8 Early Magazines（早期的杂志）
9 Early Written Language （早期的手写文字）
10 Genetic Diversity in Crops （农作物基因的多样性）
11 Gullies on Mars （浸蚀谷）
12 History of Insurance （保险的历史）
13 Influence of thd Media（媒体的影响）
14 Mammoth Cave Archeology （巨大洞穴考古研究）
15 Mayan Drought （毁玛雅文明的大旱灾）
16 New Media Technology （新媒体科技）
17 Nullification Crisis （拒行联邦法危机）
18 Periodic Extinction（周期性绝种）
19 Petrified Wood （石化木）
20 Salesperson Attributes（销售人员特征）
21 Stress （压力）
22 Support Groups for Writers （作家互助会）
23 Tidal Power Generation（潮汐发电）
24 Why Planets Are Round （行星体为何成球状）
We need to understand how the reading process varies when we go from writing system to another, knowledges of how this affects the neurological processes
2016年托福阅读长难句式中的复杂问题解析 托福阅读中难句的把握技巧至关重要，因为段落中的难句可能就涉及到文章的思想内容，所以我们面对托福阅读的难句也应该有一套对策，那么具体应该怎么做呢。以下把握难句的技巧就送给大家。希望给备考新托福的同学提供正确有效的学习与应试方法。 除了词汇量较大以外，句子结构复杂也是托福阅读的障碍之一。面对难句，必须迅速把握其主干和重点，因为考试时涉及答案的主要是句子的主干和重点，对于句子简化题(sentence simplification)尤其如此。要把握难句的主干和重点，首先要弄清它们的类型。简而言之，托福中的难句主要包括下列类型： 1.定语(包含后置定语与定语从句) 2.同位语 3.并列结构 4.that引导的各种从句 5.插入结构 6.独立主格 7.倒装句 8.强调句 9.虚拟语气 对于不同类型的难句，把握主干的方法也不一样。以倒装句为例，主要有下列情况： 1.方位副词放在句首 Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。 2.介词放在句首 Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate, lay eggs, and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins, black-legged kittiwakes, and northern gannets。 3. 形容词放在句首 Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well: that the medium has certain qualities of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。 4.过去分词放在句首 Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent。 5.现在分词放在句首 Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans。 句子倒装的目的主要有两个： 一是被提前的部分被强调，如上述的第四句：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，其中的accustomed按照正常语序应该放在are 之后：Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”。之所以将accustomed提前，是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡，否则将导致头重脚轻的效果，如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例，按照正常语序应该是：Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕，因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans)，
TPO07–Listening Part Conversation Eric:Hi,Professor Mason,do you have a minute? Pro:Yeah,of course,Eric.I think there was something I wanted to talk to you about too. Eric:Probably my late essay. Pro:Ah,that must be it.I thought maybe I’d lost it. Eric:No,I'm sorry.Actually it was my computer that lost it,the first draft of it.And,well,anyway, I finally put it in your mail box yesterday. Pro:Oh,I haven't checked the mail box yet today.Well,I'm glad it's there.I will read it this weekend. Eric:Well,sorry again.Say,I can send it to you by email too if you like. Pro:Great.I'll be interested to see how it all comes out. Eric:Right.Now,ah,I just have overheard some graduates students talking.Something about a party for De Adams? Pro:Retirement party,yes,all students are invited.Wasn't there notice on the Anthropology Department's bulletin board? Eric:Ah,I don't know.But I want to offer help with it.You know whatever you need.De Adams, well,I took a few anthropology classes with her and they were great,inspiring.That's why I want to pitch in. Pro:Oh,that's very thoughtful of you,Eric,but it will be low key,nothing flashy.That's not her
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文 12月16日 1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface,the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans,in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. (定语后置in some ways… 由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力,深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境,在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1:Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2:hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4:in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures, 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语,修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是: 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分,但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
【托福听力资料】托福TPO15 听力文本-Lecture 4 众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。 TPO 15 Lecture 4 Biology Narrator: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. Professor: OK. We’ve been talking till now about the two basic needs of a biological community – an energy source to produce organic materials, you know uh, food for the organisms, and the waste recycling or breakdown of materials back into inorganic molecules, and about how all this requires photosynthesis when green plants or microbes convert sunlight into energy, and also requires microorganisms, bacteria, to secrete chemicals that break down or recycle the organic material to complete the cycle. So, now we are done with this chapter of the textbook, we can just review for the weekly quiz and move on to the next chapter, right? Well, not so fast. First, I ‘d like to talk about some discoveries that have challenged one of these fundamental assumptions about what you need in order to have a biological community. And, well, there actually were quite a few surprises. It all began in 1977 with the exploration of hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. Hydrothermal vents are cracks in the Earth’s surface that occur, well, the ones we are taiking about here are found deep at the bottom of the ocean. And these vents
实例深度分析如何看懂托福阅读长难句 朗阁海外考试研究中心徐露露 就目前大陆考区学生所接触的北美地区四类热门考试（TOEFL， SAT， GRE， GMAT）的难度而言，TOEFL的难度系数是最低的。在实际教学中，笔者发现经常有一些基础很弱的同学在阅读托福文章的过程中喜欢把所有生词的汉语意思全查出来，但是做题的正确率依然很低。在单词的意思已经知道的情况下为什么还是不会做题？很多基础差的同学虽然了解了每个单词的意思，但是当这些独立的单词组合成一句长难句的时候就看不懂了，也就是长难句分析能力太差。长难句分析能力差不仅会影响阅读速度和阅读准确性，而且还会影响某些题型的正确率。因为在托福阅读十大题型当中，句子简化题、事实信息题和推理题这几种题型都直接或间接地在考察学生分析长难句的能力。朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家认为，在面对长难句时，考生一定不能“只见树木（单词），不见森林（结构）”，句子主干部分永远比修饰部分要重要。下面就来谈一谈托福阅读真题当中的长难句结构类型。 一、定语从句 首先，定语从句应该是托福阅读最喜欢考察的结构，一般可以将其分为两种：单层定语从句结构和多层定语从句结构。 1. 单层定语从句结构：指整个句中包含一个或两个并列关系的定语从句。 例：包含一个定语从句的情况 In the late 1700s James Watt designed an efficient and commercially viable steam engine that was soon applied to a variety of industrial uses as it became cheaper to use. （TPO 26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution） 解析：该句是that引导的定语从句 固定搭配： （be） applied to应用于 a variety of很多…。。. 词汇： viable=practicable=feasible=practical=possible （adj.）切实可行的 variety=category=group=lot （n.）种类 翻译：十七世纪末，James Watt设计了一种高效并且可商用的蒸汽机，随着其价格降低，很快被应用于各种工业。
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO5听力Conversation2文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor. Student: Hi, I was wondering if I could talk with you about the assignment in the film theory class. Professor: Of course, Jill. Student: It seems that pretty much everyone else in the class gets what they are supposed to be doing but I’m not so sure. Professor: Well, the class is for students who are really serious about film. You must have taken film courses before. Student: Yeah, in high school, film appreciation. Professor: Hmmm…I wouldn’t think that would be enough. Did you concentrate mainly on form or content? Student: Oh, definitely content. We’d watch, say Lord of the Flies, and then discuss it. Professor: Oh, that approach, treating film as literature, ignoring what makes it unique. Student: I liked it, though. Professor: Sure, but that kind of class. Well, I’m not surprised that you are feeling a little lost. You know, we have two introductory courses that are supposed to be taken before you get to my course, one in film art, techniques, technical stuff and another in film history. So students in the class you are in should be pretty far along in film studies. In fact, usually the system blocks anyone trying to sign up for a class they shouldn’t be taking, who hasn’t taken the courses you are required to do first as prerequisites. Student: Well, I did have a problem with that but I discussed it with one of your office staff, and she gave me permission. Professor: Of course. No matter how many times I tell them, they just keep on… Well, for your own good, I’d really suggest dropping back and starting at the usual
托福阅读长难句解决方法解析 托福阅读长难句解决方法 首先：长句子。 A few art collectors Tames Bowdoi n of Bost on, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need. 对于这样一个句子，大家要做的就是找到这个句子的核心主干（即主谓宾）注意后半部分嵌入了倒装句established in their respective communities the idea and the need, establish是及物动词，后面却加了介词in,说明此处有倒装, 还原正常语序应是established the idea and the need in their respective communitieso倒装出现的意义在于idea和need在原句中的后置定语（即蓝色划线部分）太长，为了防止头重脚轻。 在原句中，是有人名是并列的不知道大家有没有发现，也是本句主语art collectors的同位语。其中还有一部分是colonists的非谓语动词后置定语，还—个部分是插入语用来进一步解释art collectorso 综上所述，本句运用了多种语法结构（并列，倒装，同位语，后置定语，插入语）把主干部分分割得支离破碎，如果对这些语法结构不熟悉的同学肯定会一下子摸不着头脑。而如果能够尽最大努力把握其用法，那么对阅读的速度和正确率的提升都有很大帮助。 以上这个句子我们就可以这样翻译：儿位艺术收藏家（此处省略儿位艺术家名字）将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他们各自的社区建立了艺术具有价值的观念和致力于鼓励其发展的机构的需要。 其次：长文章 新托福阅读的文章篇幅一般都是在700字以上，而这么长的文章主要就是山简单句和一些复杂的长难句组成，除了句子理解外，为了更好的解题考生还应该了解文章段落和文章结构。面对比较长的段落和文章，要在短时间内快速抓住重点信息，做对题目，那么对文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG 真题文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States 的段落为例来讲解。
托福TPO36听力文本+题目+答案+MP3音频下载 上海新航道整理! 由于托福TPO听力36文本已经很长了，此文档不包含托福听力TPO36题目+答案， 托福TPO36MP3题目+答案+音频下载，请移步：https://www.doczj.com/doc/ea13705807.html,/toefl/tpotingli/596362.html 托福TPO听力1-48文本查看及下载，请移步：https://www.doczj.com/doc/ea13705807.html,/toefl/tpotingli/ 更多托福TPO查看，请点击：托福TPO写作大全托福TPO口语大全托福TPO阅读大全 Conversation 1 Listen to a conversation between a student and an admission officer at City College. Student: Hi, can I ask you a few questions about starting classes during your summer session? Q1 Admission officer: Sure, ask away. It starts next week, you know. Student: Yeah, and I wanted to get some required courses out of the way, so I can, maybe I can graduate one term earlier and get out into the job market sooner. Q2 Admission officer: That sounds like a good idea. Let me pull up the summer school database on my computer here. Student: Ok. Admission officer: OK, here it is. What?s your student ID number? Student: Oh, well, the thing is, I?m no t actually admitted here. I will be starting school upstate at Hooper University in the fall, but I?m down here for the summer staying with my grandparents, …cause I have a summer job near here. Admission officer: Oh, I see. Well. Student: So I?m out of lu ck? Admission officer: Well, you would be if you were starting anywhere but Hooper, but City College has a sort of special relationship with Hooper, a full exchange agreement. So our students can take classes at Hooper, and vice versa.Q5 So if you can show me proof, eh, your admissions letter from Hooper, then I can get you into our system here and give you an ID number. Student: Oh, cool. So, um, I wanna take a math course and a science course, preferably biology, and I was also hoping to get my English Composition Course out of the way, too. Admission officer: Well, all three of those courses are offered in the summer, but you?ve got to understand that summer courses are condensed. You need longer hours and the assignments are doubled up because it?s the s ame
五分钟教你如何看懂托福阅读长难句 为了帮助大家高效备考托福口语，熟悉托福阅读长难句，新东方在线托福网为大家带来五分钟教你如何看懂托福阅读长难句一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网! T:托福阅读最大的障碍是什么? S1:单词不认识。。。 S2:划分不清楚句子结构。。。 S3:句子逻辑关系一团乱麻。。。 在处理阅读长难句的时候，我们总会想到这些问题：我们是否认识足够的单词和词组?我们是否掌握句子的语法结构?我们是否清楚句子中的逻辑关系?当看到上面的对话和下面这幅图片的时候，Ada老师总会想到那些在长难句的泥沼中痛苦挣扎的学生们。面对句子中的一大串字符就好像看见图片中的一大堆细小零件，很多同学总是一筹莫展难以拼出一个完整的意思。那到底长难句的障碍是什么呢?
下面具体看看几位同学的翻译实例： 举个栗子 S1: The answer to such questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were producing their art. 上图中学生的整句翻译意思是很不通顺的，中文里面最蹩脚的部分就是“没有任何事可做伴随一个缺乏技能”和“又有任何事可做伴随他们”。看完这两个部分，作为一个正常中文合格的人都是很难理解的。归根到底是因为该生不能理解“has nothing to do with”和“has everything to do with”这两个词组的意思，从而造成整句的中文很奇怪。我相信有很多学生都会碰到相同的问题：读句子的时候发现句子里面有太多的生僻单词或词组，导致分析了几遍之后也还是意思很奇怪。 单词是一切英语学习的基础，对于托福阅读长难句的理解也是至关重要的。同时很多句子里面都还会用到词组，词组起到了提纲挈领的作用把整个句子枝枝蔓蔓的内容都统领起来。如果上句中的这两个固定搭配学生明白意思是“与…有关”和“与…无关”，那么中文翻译意思就很明确：问题的答案是与埃及艺术家缺乏技能或者想象力无关的，是与他们创造艺术的目的相关。所以我们在理解长难句的时候要努力多去积累一些单词和词组。 再举个栗子
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。 托福TPO14听力Conversation1文本 Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and a library employee. Student: Hi, I am looking for this book, The American Judicial System, and I can’t seem to find it anywhere. I need to read a chapter for my Political Science class. Library Employee: Let me check in the computer. Um, doesn’t seem to be checked out, and it’s not on reserve. You’ve checked the shelves, I assume? Student: Yeah, I even checked other shelves and tables next to where the book should be. Library Employee: Well, it’s still here in the library, so people must be using it. You know, this seems to be a very popular book title. We show six copies, none are checked out, and yet you didn’t even find one copy on the shelves. Is it a big class? Student: Maybe about seventy-five? Library Employee: Well, you should ask your professor to put some of the copies on reserve. You know about the reserve system, right? Student: I know you have to read reserved books in the library and that you have time limits, but I didn’t know that I could ask a professor to put a book on reserve. I mean, I thought the professors make that kind of decision at the beginning of the semester. Library Employee: No, they can put books on reserve at any time during the semester. Student: You know, reserving books seems a bit unfair. What if someone who’s not in the class wants to use the book? Library Employee: That’s why I said some copies! Student: Ah! Well, I’ll certainly talk to my professor about it tomorrow. But what am I going to do tonight? Library Employee: I guess you could walk around the Poli/Sci section and look at the books waiting to be re-shelved.
托福TPO13综合写作阅读+听力原文+满分范文 【雷哥托福整理】 在备考托福写作的过程中，总是将托福的独立作文放在了第一位，但是实际上，综合作文也是占到了作文总分30分里面的50%的分值，不要等到分数出来了，才发现其实是综合作文的limited或者fair极大的影响了自己的分数。 考过的同学会发现托福综合作文分数不高，很大程度上是受我们听力实力的影响，我们很多托福考生的听力分数只有16分上下的时候，对于托福综合作文的听力妥妥的是束手无策，而且很多托福考生还感觉自己都听懂了，那也只能说明你听懂了大意，但是听力里面要的是每一个细节！请注意，是每一个细节！ 雷哥托福小托君给大家分享TPO1-33综合作文部分的阅读和听力文本全集与综合作文的满分作文，以及满分作文的解析。如果自己的托福综合作文分数如果可以很给力的话，就已经搞定了15分的分数，可极大地缓解托福独立作文的压力。文末教你如何使用这个材料。TPO13 综合写作听力+阅读原文 Reading Private collectors have been selling and buying fossils, the petrified remains of ancient organisms, ever since the eighteenth century. In recent years, however, the sale of fossils, particularly of dinosaurs and other large vertebrates, has grown into a big business. Rare and important fossils are now being sold to private ownership for millions of dollars. This is an unfortunate development for both scientists and the general public. The public suffers because fossils that would otherwise be donated to museums where everyone can see them are sold to private collectors who do not allow the public to view their collections. Making it harder for the public to see fossils can lead to a decline in public interest in fossils, which would be a pity.
例解析托福阅读长难句 托福阅读长难句实例解析, 你有没有试过这样分析长难句。今天给大家带来托福阅读长难句实例解析,希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 托福阅读长难句实例解析你有没有试过这样分析长难句? 一.例解析托福阅读长难句 1.句子 The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships: eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). 2.难点 本句的难点在于句子的修饰成分比较复杂，句子主干淹没在长长的定语和状语中。遇到这种句子只需要理清各个成分的修饰关系，就算定语和状语很长，找到了句子主干和修饰关系，句子
意思也就明朗了。这里需要分清楚定语和状语的区别，定语修饰的是名词性的成分，一般紧挨着被修饰词(比如，results for transit trade…，for transit trade修饰的是results)，而状语则修饰非名词性成分，而且位置比较灵活，放在句首、句中或者句尾都不影响句子含义。 3.拆分 并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships.并列句2：Eventually they did so at Rotterdam and Amsterdam, with exceptional results for transit trade with Germany and central Europe and for the processing of overseas foodstuffs and raw materials (sugar, tobacco, chocolate, grain, and eventually oil). 4.句子成分 并列句1：The people of the Netherlands, [主语] with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, [定语] had [谓语] difficulty [宾语] in developing good harbors suitable for steamships. [定语] 翻译：有着悠久传统的渔业和航运业的荷兰人，在建造适合汽船停靠的优良海港上遇到难题。
Lectures 1 An imal Aware ness and Thought （动物的意识与思想） 2 Antibiotics （抗生素） 3 Beta Pictoris （绘架座3 星） 4 Child Development （儿童的发展过程） 5 Climate and Population （气候与人口） 6 Co-evolution （共同进化） 7 Deforestation （森林砍伐） 8 Early Magazines （早期的杂志） 9 Early Written Language （早期的手写文字） 10 Gen etic Diversity in Crops （农作物基因的多样性） 11 Gullies on Mars （浸蚀谷） 12 History of In sura nee （保险的历史） 13 In flue nee of thd Media （媒体的影响） 14 Mammoth Cave Archeology （巨大洞穴考古研究） 15 Mayan Drought （毁玛雅文明的大旱灾） 16 New Media T echnology （新媒体科技） 17 Nullification Crisis （拒行联邦法危机） 18 Periodic Extinction （周期性绝种） 19 Petrified Wood （石化木） 20 Salesperson Attributes （销售人员特征）
21 Stress （压力） 22 Support Groups for Writers （作家互助会） 23 Tidal Power Gen eratio n （潮汐发电） 24 Why Pla nets Are Rou nd （行星体为何成球状） We need to understand how the reading process varies when we go from writing system to ano ther, kno wledges of how this affects the n eurological processes
新托福阅读长难句120句（分析+译文） 1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space. (定语后置in some ways…) 由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。 分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures 分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface 分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans 分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space 分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures， 分句1是分句3的原因状语 分句3是整个长句子的主句 分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans 整个句子结构是： 原因状语+主句+后置定语 这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。