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4.Test Procedures—The following sections of SAE J575 are a part of this document:
Section 2.1 - Lighting Devices
Section 2.2 - Bulbs
Section 2.3 - T est Fixture
Section 3 - Laboratory Facilities
Section 4.1 - Vibration T est
Section 4.2 - Moisture Test
Section 4.3 - Dust Test
Section 4.4 - Corrosion Test
Section 4.5 - Color Test (See SAE J578)
Section 4.6 - Photometry Test
Photometric measurements shall be made with the device mounted in its normal operating position and all luminous intensity measurements shall be made with the incandescent filament of the signal lamp 3 m or more from the photometer screen. The lamp shall be mounted so that the horizontal and vertical plane through the photometer axis also passes through the center of the test bulb filament. Photometry shall be done with the filament burning continuously.
Section 4.8 - Warpage Test on Devices with Plastic Components: A sample device shall be mounted in its normal operating position, operating at a flash rate of 1.50 Hz ± 0.17 with a 50% ± 2 current, on time and at the voltage recommended by the bulb manufacturer in a circulating air oven for 1 h within a temperature range of
46 to 49°C.
5.Dimensional Requirements—The effective projected luminous area measured on a plane at right angles to
the axis of the lamp shall be not less than 60 cm2.
6.General Requirements
6.1Photometric Design Guidelines—Design guidelines are listed in Table 1.
6.2Lighting Identification Code—The lighting identification code should be "W" in accordance with SAE J759.
7.Performance Requirements
7.1Lighting Devices—Sample devices submitted for laboratory tests shall be representative of devices as
regularly manufactured and marketed.
7.2Bulbs—Requirements are based on laboratories using accurately rated bulbs operated at their designed mean
spherical luminous intensity. Sealed units shall be seasoned (lighted) at 12.8 V for 1% of their rated average laboratory life or 10 h maximum prior to photometry and then operated at their design voltage. (For units designed to operate on other than a 12-V circuit, check manufacturer for proper seasoning schedule.)
7.3Vibration—On completion of the test, there shall be no observed rotation, displacement, cracking, or rupture
of parts of the test device (except bulb(s) and sealed beam unit internal components) that would result in failure of any other tests contained in Section 4 of SAE J575. Cracking or rupture of parts of the device affecting its mounting shall also consititute a failure.
7.4Moisture—On completion of the test, the moisture accumulation in the test device shall be 2 mL or less. For
devices with an interior volume greater than 7000 mL, the maximum allowable moisture accumulation in the test device shall be 0.03% of the total interior volume of the test device.
7.5Dust—On completion of the test, the test device shall be considered to have met all the requirements of the
dust test when complying with either of the following requirements:
7.5.1No dust shall be found on the interior surface of the test device, or
7.5.2
The ratio of the maximum luminous intensities (exterior only cleaned to exterior and interior cleaned) shall be a minimum of 0.9.
7.6
Corrosion—On completion of the test, there shall be no observed corrosion that would result in the failure of any other test contained in Section 4 of SAE J575.
7.7
Color—The color of the light emitted from the flashing warning lamps shall be white, yellow or read as specified in SAE J578.
7.8Photometry—The lamp shall meet the zonal photometric requirements of Table 2.
7.8.1
The measured luminous intensity at each test point shall be not less than 60% of the values specified in Table 1.
TABLE 1—PHOTOMETRIC DESIGN GUIDELINES
Test Points,deg Luminous Intensity, Candela
White Yellow Red 5L 80402010U-V 200100505R 80402020L 80402010L 20010050 5L 400200100 5U-V 600300150 5R 40020010010R 2001005020R 80402020L 120603010L 30015075 5L 800400200 H-V 1200600300 5R 80040020010R 3001507520R 120603020L 80402010L 20010050 5L 400200100 5D-V 600300150 5R 40020010010R 2001005020R 804020 5L 80402010D-V 20010050 5R
80
40
20
7.8.2
For the device to comply with the photometric performance requirements, the summation of the luminous intensity values shall meet the values specified in Table 2.
7.8.3
An adjustment in lamp orientation from the design position may be made in determining compliance to the performance photometric requirements, provided such adjustment does not exceed 3 deg in any direction.All zone totals must comply after reaim.
7.9
Warpage—On completion of the test, there shall be no observed warpage of plastic components of the test device that would result in the failure of any other test contained in Section 4 of SAE J575.
8.Plastic Material—Plastic materials used in optical parts shall comply with the requirements of SAE J576.9.
General Installation Recommendations—These general recommendations apply to the device as used on the vehicle and are not part of the performance requirements.
9.1
Front and rear warning lamps should be mounted as high and as far apart as practicable. The location of front warning lamps should be such that they can be clearly distinguished when the headlamps are lighted on the lower beam.
TABLE 2—PHOTOMETRIC REQUIREMENTS
Zones
Test Points deg
Luminous Intensity, Candela
White Zone Total
Yellow Zone Total
Red Zone Total
5U-10L 5U-20L
1
H-20L 600
300
150
5D-20L 5D-10L 10U-5L
2
10U-V 320
160
80
10U-5R 5U-5L
3
H-10L 1000
500
250
5D-5L 5U-V H-5L
4
H-V 3600
1800
900
H-5R 5D-V 5U-5R
5
H-10R 1000
500
250
5D-5R 10D-5L
6
10D-V 320
160
80
10D-5R 5U-10R 5U-20R
7
H-20R 600
300
150
5D-20R 5D-10R
9.2Visibility of the warning lamps should be unobstructed by any part of the vehicle 10 deg above to 10 deg below
the horizontal and from 45 deg to the right to 45 deg to the left of the centerline of the vehicle.
9.3There should be a visible or audible means of giving a clear and unmistakable indication to the driver when the
warning lamps are turned "on."
9.4To improve the efficiency of the signal, it is recommended that where practical, the area surrounding the lamp
should be black.
9.5Flash Rate—The flash rate when observed from a fixed position shall be between 1.0 to 2.0 Hz, when
operated at the voltage recommended by the manufacturer. The "on" period of the lamp shall be as specified in SAE J945 and/or SAE J1054.
10.Notes
10.1Marginal Indicia—The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating
areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.
PREPARED BY THE SAE EMERGENCY WARNING DEVICES STANDARDS COMMITTEE
APPENDIX A
A.1Appendix A contains additional information considered useful in application to this document.
Attention is called to SAE J567 for requirements and gages to be used in socket design.
Rationale—Not applicable.
Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard—Not applicable.
Application—This document provides design guidelines, test procedure references, and performance requirements for flashing incandescent warning lamps. It is intended to apply to, but is not limited to, surface land vehicles.
Reference Section
SAE J575 DEC88—Tests for Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices and Components
SAE J576 SEP86—Plastic Materials for Use in Optical Parts Such as Lenses and Reflectors of Motor Vehicle Lighting Devices
SAE J758 MAY88—Color Specification
SAE J759 DEC87—Lighting Identification Code
SAE J1054 OCT89—Warning Lamp Alternating Flashers
Developed by the SAE Emergency Warning Devices Standards Committee
Sponsored by the SAE Lighting Coordinating Committee
当前常用政治术语的英文翻译 作者：夜孔守望| 来源：沪江博客 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the gre at rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside
中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation 人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality. “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。
【词汇】常用政治与行政术语英文翻译 ——————摘自知米背单词官方论坛 专八专四中常常会有一些政治类的文章，有些词汇分开认识，放在一起就傻眼了，那么我们来看看这些词汇吧。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 大家仅供参考：马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。“Three Represent’s”shows that our Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain
the Fifth Plenum of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 十七届五中全会Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 中央政治局Boost domestic demand 扩大内需12th Five-Year Program for China's Economic and Social Development (2011-2015)/12th Five-Year Plan 经济和社会发展第12个五年规划economic growth mode 经济增长方式inclusive growth 包容性增长macroeconomic regulation 宏观经济调控comprehensive national power 综合国力international competitiveness 国际竞争力capability in shielding against risks 抵御风险能力Urbanization 推进城镇化rural modernization 农业现代化the construction of new socialist rural area 社会主义新农村建设maintain coordinated development in rural and urban regions 统筹城乡发展modern industrial system 现代产业体系strategic emerging industries战略新兴产业balanced development between regions 区域协调发展main functional regions 主体功能区poverty-stricken areas 贫困地区recycling economy 循环经济disaster prevention and reduction防灾减灾Cultural innovation深化文化体制改革innovative country 创新型国家scientific innovation ability 科技创新能力soft power 软实力cultural innovation文化创新public service system of culture 公共文化服务体系income distribution 收入分配public service system 公共服务体系primary distribution of national income 国民收入初次分配the social security system that covers urban and rural residents 覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系contradictions among the people 人民内部矛盾adjust income distribution 调整收入分配social harmony and stability 社会和谐稳定public service-oriented government 公共服务型政府Economic system reform 大力推进经济体制改革"people first" principle 以人为本promote social equality and justice 促进社会公平正义the pillar industries for the national economy 国民经济支柱性产业political restructuring 政治体制改革reforms of fiscal and taxation systems财税体制改革resource products pricing 资源性产品价格reform in social program system 社会事业体制改革improve the quality of foreign investment utilization 提高利用外资水平the "going global" strategy “走出去”战略global economic governance and regional cooperation 全球经济治理和区域合作resource-saving and environment-friendly society 资源节约型、环境友好型社会 马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity,
执法部门 law-enforcing departments 群众组织 mass organizations 保证将国家机关的工作置于社会的监督下 to ensure the works of state organizations be put under social supervision 深入开展反腐败斗争 to deepen the anticorruption campaign 廉正建设 the construction of honest administering 社会主义民主政治的核心是人民当家做主,真正享有法律赋予的各项民主权利. The essence and core of socialist democratic politics is that the people are the masters and they really enjoy various democratic rights endowed by laws 集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定 collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting 全心全意为人民服务、立党为公、执政为民serve the people heart and soul, work for the public and assumes power for the people 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 小康社会、小康生活well-to-do society, well-to-do life 四项基本原则Four Cardinal Principles 社会主义初级阶段the primary stage of socialism 党管干部的原则 the principle of the Party assuming the respons ibility for cadres’ affairs 集体领导、民主集中、个别酝酿、会议决定 collective leadership, democratic centralism, case-specific consultation, decision through meeting 基本国策 basic state policy 精神文明 intellectual and ideological development
当前常用政治术语的英文翻译 马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想 Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent’s" important Thought. 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure. 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation. 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism. 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside. 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party. 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation. 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorshipl 国民经济体系national economic system. 综合国力aggregate national strength. 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP). 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace. 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China. 加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality. “三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。 "Three Represent’s" shows that our Party must always represent therequirements of the development of China’s advanced productive forces, the orientation of the developmen t of China’s advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China, they are the foundation for building the Party, the cornerstone for its exercise of state power and a source of its strengthen，only by doing so can we really ensure that our Party always stand in the forefront of the time and maintain its advanced nature
常用政治术语的英文翻译 马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent's” important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second/third)generation 人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)
“Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer” issues三农问题 "bringing in" and "going out" “引进来”和“走出去”政策 "eight do's" and "eight don'ts" “八个坚持、八个反对” Four Cardinal Principles 四项基本原则 Four modernizations 四个现代化（农、工、国防、科技） "one china, one Taiwan" “一中一台” “one country, two systems”“一国两制” “south -south cooperation”“南南合作” "Taiwan independence" “台湾独立” "two Chinas" “两个中国” “Three Represents”“三个代表” three direct links (mail, air and shipping services and trade) （两岸）直接三通the eight-point proposal 八项主张 the five principles of peaceful coexistence 和平共处五项原则 the fourth plenary session 四中全会 the ninth five-year plan (1996-2000) “九五”计划 the tenth five-year plan (2001-2005) “十五”计划 the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee 十一届三中全会the three major historical tasks 三大历史任务 the three Sino-Us joint communiqués 《中美三个联合公报》 three favorables 三个有利于 16th party congress 十六大 23 million Taiwan compatriots 两千三百万台湾同胞 a well-off standard 小康水平 a well-off society 小康社会 advance the development of the western region 推进西部大开发advances with the times 与时代发展同步伐 at the proper time and to an appropriate degree 适时适度 attempts to split the country 各种分裂图谋 blazing new trails in a pioneering spirit 开拓创新
1．坚持科学发展、和谐发展、和平发展Pursue development according to scientific principles, maintain harmony during development and ensure peaceful development 2．全面落实科学发展观 Fully apply (原为implement) the Scientific Outlook on Development 3．推动经济社会发展切实转入科学发展轨道 To truly put economic and social development on a scientific track 4．科学发展 Develop in a scientific manner 5．走科学发展道路 Follow a scientific path of development 6．科学民主决策 Make decisions scientifically and democratically 7．中央 The national leadership/the central Party and government authorities(原为：the central authorities)
8．今年提出GDP增长8％左右的指标 The target set for GDP growth this year is around 8%. 9．文化体育事业进一步繁荣 Continued progress was made in cultural and sports programs. 10．关心支持残疾人事业的发展 We will continue to show concern for and support the development of programs for physically and mentally challenged persons. 11．我们要发展老龄事业 We will develop old age programs. 12．经济运行中的关键问题 Major problems in economic performance 13．解决了三千万农村人口安全用水问题We made safe drinking water available to thirty million rural residents. (原为resolved the problem of safe drinking water to …) 14．制定措施解决农民工问题 Formulate policies to address difficulties rural migrant workers face in cities (原为to solve the problem of rural migrant workers in cities)
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民"三个代表"重要思想 Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought,Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin "Three Represent's" important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation 人民民主专政the people's democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China
aide 助手，副官alderman 市长助理，市府参事，地方官assemblyman 众议员attorney 律师candidate 候选人columnist 专栏作家commentator 评论员 congressman 国会议员councilor 委员delegate 代表governor 省长，州长incumbent 任职者mayor 市长pollster 民意测验专家president 总统representative 代表secretary of state 国务秘书selectman 行政委员 senator 参议员sheriff 州长speaker 发言人 vice-president 副总统voter 选民ambassador 大使 envoy 特使courier 信使emissary 使者consul 领事statesman 政治家politician 政治家dictator 独裁者government 政府cabinet 内阁monocracy 独裁 fascism 法西斯主义Diet 国会house 议院，国会parliament 议会congress 国会senate 参议院 floor 议席ministry 部委，部council 理事会 presidium 主席团committee 委员会bureau 局，处administration 行政，管理diplomatic 外交 protocol 外交礼节democracy 民主right 权利 titular 有权personality 人格privilege 特权 prerogative 特权patent 专利proprietary 专利 Nazi 纳粹oligarchy 寡头政治的regime 政权制度institution 制度system 系统socio-社会的society 社会commune 公社policy 政策politics 政治 congressional Record 国会记录conservative 保守党Democrat 民主党election 选举hearing 听证会inauguration 就职典礼Independent 独立 investigation 调查legislation 立法liberal 自由主义majority 多数authority 权威power 权力 hegemony 霸权influence 权势despot 专制autocracy 独裁minority 少数Pentagon 五角大楼polling place 投票站primary 预选会Republican 共和党State House 州政府White House 白宫capitol 国会大厦international 国际kingdom 王国country 国家nation 民族,国家 state 国家，州principality 公国republic 共和国 Sino- 中国superpower 超级大国empire 帝国 imperial 帝国的colony 殖民地-shire 郡 capital 首都city 城市municipal 市政 urban 城市metropolis 大城市town 城镇burg 城镇downtown 市中心uptown 非商业区environs 城郊suburb 郊区outskirt 郊区countryside 农村 province 省prefecture 州,专区county 县 rural 乡村rustic 乡村village 村庄executive 行政 judicial 司法legislative 立法federal 联邦 local 本地national 国家campaign 竞选
常见专用词汇翻译（社会、文化、政治） 1.社会主义核心价值观core socialist values 2.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity 3.古为今用、洋为中用旧译let the ancient serve the present, let the foreign serve the national现译draw from past and foreign achievements 4.文艺工作cultural and art work; work in the cultural field 5.牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向firmly keep to the direction of an advanced culture/cultural advancement 6.文化与经济和政治互相交融interaction between cultural work, and economic and political activitiescultural elements/factors intermingle with economic and political factors 7.弘扬主旋律，提倡多样化promote mainstream values and uphold cultural diversity 8.以科学的理论武装人，以正确的舆论引导人，以崇高的精神塑造人，以优秀的作品鼓舞人Equip/empower people with scientific theories, guide them with correct opinions/ convey to them right messages/provide them with correct media guidance, imbue them with a noble spirit and inspire them with excellent/fine works 9.具有中国特色的社会主义文化Chinese-style socialist culture; socialist culture with Chinese appeal 10.越是民族的，越是世界的The pride of a nation is also the pride of the world.What's unique for a nation is also precious for the world.When you are unique, the world comes to you. 11.文艺应当贴近群众，贴近生活，贴近实际。Culture and arts should be/keep close to the people, their lives and reality. 12.文化是维系中华民族生生不息、蔓延不断的精神纽带Culture is the spiritual bond that ensures the continuity of our Chinese nation. 13.我们不能割断民族的文化血脉。We must never sever the cultural vein of our nation. 14.树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观to foster a right/correct outlook/view on the world, life and values 15.文化市场，文化贸易cultural market, cultural trade 16.始终把社会效益放在首位always put social benefit first 17.扶持体现民族特色和国家水准的重大文化项目和艺术院团support major/top-notch cultural projects and art troupes that represent national characteristics and national level 18.稳定地走上了富裕安康的广阔道路move steadily toward prosperity and happiness
马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想 Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory,“Three Represent’s” important Thought 新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution 民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people 经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system 社会变革social transformation 建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics 中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领 the basic theory, line and program of our Party in the primary stage of socialism 改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside 中国共产党十一届三中全会 The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China 马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体 the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation 人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship 国民经济体系national economic system 综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP) 独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合 the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China