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8A-7 Memory语法

8A-7 Memory语法
8A-7 Memory语法

Unit 7 Memory

一.必背词汇及短语

(1)必记单词

1. memory n. 记忆力,记性,回忆,记忆

2. corner n. 角

3. lose v.(lost, lost) 丧失,失去

4. improve v. 提高,改善

5. mention v. 提到,说到

6. method n. 方法

7. spelling n. 拼写,拼法8. mind n. 大脑,脑袋

9. silly adj. 可笑的10. mile n. 英里

11. letter n. 字母12. worth adj. 值得,有价值的13. spell v. 拼写14. unless conj. 除非

15. trouble n. 困难16. list n. 清单

17. step n. 步骤18. cycle n. 循环

19. similar adj. 相像的,类似的20. note n. 纸币

21. wallet n. 钱包,皮夹子22. basket n. 篮,筐

23. manager n. 经理

(2) 重点词组

1. take out (从银行账户中)提取(款)

2. pour out 涌出

3. write down 写下,记下

4. for example 例如

5. between…and… 在…和…之间

6. plan to do sth 计划干某事

7. help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事8. wish to do sth 希望干某事

9. have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有麻烦

be in trouble with 与…相处有麻烦/ get…into trouble 使…陷入困境

10. practice doing sth 练习做某事

11. give sb sth/ give sth to sb 给某人某物12. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物

13. far away 远离14. live a healthy life 过健康的生活15. one… the other…一个…另一个16. have to 不得不

17. It’s + adj + for sb + to do sth 对某人来说做某事是…

(3) 重点句子:

1. A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind. 帮你记住某物的一个好方法是在脑海里想象它的一幅画面。

2. Remember:a picture is worth a thousand words. 记住:一幅图片胜过千言万语。

3. If you wish to get a good job, there are many important steps you should take. 如果你希望得到一个好工作,有许多你应该采取的重要步骤。

4. Unless you get enough sleep every night, you will not remember things well. 除非你每晚有充足的睡眠,否则你将记性不好。

5. You will be late for school if you do not leave now. 如果你不现在离开,你将会上学迟到。

6. How to improve your memory? 如何提高你的记忆?

一.必背词汇及短语

单词

1. memory n. v.记得=

2. corner n.

3. lose v. ( / ) n.

4. improve v. = n.

5. mention v.

6. method n. =

7. spelling n. v.拼写( / )

8. mind n. v.介意

9. silly adj. 同义词反义词10. mile n.

11. letter n. 12. worth adj.

13. spell v. n. 14. unless conj.

15. trouble n. v. 16. list n. v.

17. step n. v.迈步行走18. cycle n.

19. similar adj. n.相似处20. note n. v.

21. wallet n. 22. basket n.

23. manager n. v. 管理成功n.管理

短语

1. take (从银行账户中)提取(款)

2. out 涌出

3. write 写下,记下

4. 例如

5. between…and…

6. plan sth 计划干某事

7. help sb sth 帮助某人做某事8. wish sth 希望干某事

9. have trouble sth 做某事有麻烦

be trouble 与…相处有麻烦/ …into trouble 使…陷入困境

10. practice sth 练习做某事

11. give / give sth sb 给某人某物12. buy sth sb 为某人买某物13. far away 14. a life 过健康的生活15. … …一个…另一个16. 不得不

17. It’s + adj + sb + sth 对某人来说做某事是…

三.语言点

1.When we make new memories,we lose old ones

Lose:(lost;lost):丢失;失去

Ones: 代词;是one的复数;泛指前文提到的某些人或物

2.Because they want to help students improve their memory?

二者都有“因为”之意,但用法不同:

because作连词,用于引导原因状语从句或作why开头问句的答语,常用于表示直接原因。

而because of是复合介词,后跟名词或代词。试比较:

Because he is ill,he is absent today.

He can't come because of the heavy rain.

Improve:改善;提高;意为make。。。。better

3. A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your mind.

way 相关用法总结

1)way to do sth=,way of doing sth =,做某事的方式

2)do sth in this/that way, 以这种或者那种方式做某事

3)on the way to 在去什么的路上(当地点为home, here there时介词to省略)

4)in the way 挡路/by the way 顺便说一下

Imagine: 想象;名词形式为imagination 想象力;imagine+doing sth;想象做某事

4.I know you are busy,but it worth the time

Be busy with sth/ be busy doing sth; 忙于某事、忙于做某事

be worth doing sth 值得......

The movie is worth watching

5. If you wish to get a good job, there are many important steps you should take. hope;wish

两个词用作动词,均有“希望”的意思,都可接不定式作宾语,不接动词-ing形式,两个动词都可接宾语从句。

hope与wish都表示“希望”,两者不同之处在于:hope表示实现可能性大的希望,而wish只表示主观愿望,不考虑能否实现,常用于不能实现的场合,从句的谓语动词要用过去式(be用were)来表达现在或将来与事实相反的愿望。

试比较:

I hope they can help us.我希望他们能来帮助我们。

I wish they could help us.我真希望他们能来帮助我们。

wish后还可接形容词、不定式作宾语补足语,以及后接双宾语表示祝愿,而hope 不能这样用。如:

I wish you tocome here soon.我希望你尽快来这里。

6.Unless you get enough sleep every night, you will not remember things well.

连词unless意为“除非……如果不……”,“除了……”,多引导一个否定意义的真实条件句,有时也可引导非真实条件旬。unless引导条件句时.

1)enough用作副同,充当形容词或副词修饰语,但必须后置。又如:

①He walks slowly enough.

enough用作形容词作定语时,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,可放在被修饰的名词前或后。如:

①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.

8. For example you may have trouble remembering the lists of steps in the water cycle..

have trouble (in) doing sth. 做……有困难。(in 可以省略)

Get sb....into trouble 使某人陷入麻烦之中

Be in trouble: 处于困境中

9.Let's take a bus.

let用作使役动词,表示“让”,其用法为let sb do sth,而 let’s 中的’s(=us)

在反意问句中,let's 的反意疑问句,用 shall we。Let us的反意疑问句用will you如:

Let’s go swimming together, shall we?

Let us go swimming together, will you?

let’s 的否定式可以是 let’s not, don’t let’s。如:

Let’s not hurry. / Don’t let’s hurry.

10.What does scientist think about words that sound similar

Sound 听起来,似乎,其后加形容词作表语;同样用法的词有:

Similar:相似的;相像的;其名词形式为similarity;常用词组为be similar to

11.If you take a fish out of water,it dies

1.if 引导的条件状语从句,表示假设,其结果一定会发生,从句和主句时态都

用一般现在时:

eg: If you heat ice, it turns into water.

以下四个词均与“死”有关。

die是终止性动词,意为“死亡”、“断气”,指生命的结束,强调动作。例如:

His grandmother died two years ago.

dead意为“死的”、“无生命的”,常与be动词连用,表示死的状态。例如:

He has been dead for two years.

dying是die的现在分词,通常作形容词使用,表示“要死”、“垂危”、“濒临死亡”之意。例如: He is dying.

death是die的名词,意为“死”、“死亡”。例如:

It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog's death

12.Can you give me an example

Give sb sth 给某人某物;也可改成give sth to sb

常见的双宾动词有:give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, hand, tell, return, write, give sb. a call 给……打电话give back 归还,送回

give out 分发,散发,用光,耗尽

give away 泄密give off 发出(光,烟,气)give a hand 伸出援手

13.Then it either forgets them or passes them into long -term memory

either… or .... 或者.....或者;不是....就是

当either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等连接主语时. 谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致

填空版

1. When we make new memories,we lose old ones

Lose:过去式与过去分词(________;______):丢失;失去

Ones: 代词;是one的复数;泛指前文提到的某些人或物

3.Because they want to help students improve their memory?

二者都有“因为”之意,但用法不同:

because作连词,用于引导原因状语从句或作why开头问句的答语,常用于表示直接原因。

而because of是复合介词,后跟名词或代词。试比较:

______ he is ill,he is absent today.

He can't come ______ the heavy rain.

Improve:改善;提高;意为______

3. A great way to help you remember something is to imagine a picture of it in your

mind.

way 相关用法总结

1)way to do sth=,way of ______sth =,做某事的方式

2)do sth in this/that way, 以这种或者那种方式做某事

3)on the way to 在去什么的路上(当地点为______, ______。______时介词to省略)4)in the way 挡路/by the way 顺便说一下

Imagine: 想象;名词形式为i______想象力;imagine+______sth;想象做某事

5.I know you are busy,but it worth the time

Be busy with sth/ be busy doing sth; 忙于某事、忙于做某事

be worth doing sth 值得......

The movie is worth watching

5. If you wish to get a good job, there are many important steps you should take.

hope;wish

两个词用作动词,均有“希望”的意思,都可接不定式作宾语,不接动词-ing形式,两个动词都可接宾语从句。

hope与wish都表示“希望”,两者不同之处在于:hope表示实现可能性大的希望,而wish只表示主观愿望,不考虑能否实现,常用于不能实现的场合,从句的谓语动词要用过去式(be用were)来表达现在或将来与事实相反的愿望。试比较:

I ______ they can help us.我希望他们能来帮助我们。

I ______ they could help us.我真希望他们能来帮助我们。

wish后还可接形容词、不定式作宾语补足语,以及后接双宾语表示祝愿,而hope 不能这样用。如:

I wish you tocome here soon.我希望你尽快来这里。

I wish you agood night!祝你晚安!

7.Unless you get enough sleep every night, you will not remember things well.

连词unless意为“除非……如果不……”,“除了……”,多引导一个否定意义的真实条件句,有时也可引导非真实条件旬。unless引导条件句时.

1)enough用作副同,充当形容词或副词修饰语,但必须后置。又如:

①He walks slowly enough.

enough用作形容词作定语时,可修饰可数名词或不可数名词,可放在被修饰的名词前或后。如:

①There are enough seats(seats enough)for them all.

8. For example you may have trouble remembering the lists of steps in the water cycle..

have trouble (in) ___sth. 做……有困难。(in 可以省略)

Get sb..______ trouble 使某人陷入麻烦之中

Be ______ trouble: 处于困境中

9. Let's take a bus.

let用作使役动词,表示“让”,其用法为let sb ______ sth,而 let’s 中的’s(=us) 在反意问句中,let us反意疑问句时,用 will you;let’s的反意疑问句时,用 shall we。如:Let’s go swimming together, ______

Let us go swimming together, ______?

let’s 的否定式可以是 let’s not, don’t let’s。如:

Let’s not hurry. / Don’t let’s hurry.

10. What does scientist think about words that sound similar

Sound 听起来,似乎,其后加形容词作表语;同样用法的词有:

Similar:相似的;相像的;其名词形式为similarity;常用词组为be similar to

11 If you take a fish out of water,it dies

if 引导的条件状语从句,表示假设,其结果一定会发生,从句和主句时态都用一般现在时:

eg: If you heat ice, it ______(turn) into water.

以下四个词均与“死”有关。

die是终止性动词,意为“死亡”、“断气”,指生命的结束,强调动作。例如:

His grandmother died two years ago.

dead意为“死的”、“无生命的”,常与be动词连用,表示死的状态。例如:

He has been dead for two years.

dying是die的现在分词,通常作形容词使用,表示“要死”、“垂危”、“濒临死亡”之意。例如: He is dying.

death是die的名词,意为“死”、“死亡”。例如:

It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog's death

12. Can you give me an example

Give sb sth 给某人某物;也可改成give sth to sb

常见的双宾动词有:give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, hand, tell, return, write, give sb. a call 给……打电话give ______归还,送回

give ______分发,散发,用光,耗尽

give away 泄密give off 发出(光,烟,气)give a hand 伸出援手

13. Then it either forgets them or passes them into long -term memory

either… or .... 或者.....或者;不是....就是

当either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等连接主语时. 谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致

例如: Either I or they___(be)responsible for the result of the matter.

Neither his family nor he ___(know)anything about it.

练习

1、What was the girl doing when the alien reached the museum ?

A、walked around

B、followed to

C、arrived

D、got to

2. Do more practice in English, it will improve your English quickly.

A. get your English ready

B. get you ready for English learning

C. make your English better

D. make you speak English better

3. It is not easy for him to memorize the article in such a short time

A. learn

B. remember

C. write

D. understand

4. A strange thing happened to me on my way home yesterday

A. important

B. unusual

C. interesting

D. bad

5.It is silly of you to say to her in such way

A. smart

B. easy

C.wise

D. foolish

二.完型填空

Do you think of your parents ? ―Yes, of course ,‖ you may answer, ― I buy a present for my mother on_____.And I give my father a present on Father’s Day,______.‖ Then what about the other days of a year? Always______ to think of your parents, not just on some important days.

I have a friend who _____alone, because her parents live in another city. One day I went to see her. We had a nice chat( 闲聊). Then she wanted to make a _____.She dialed( 拨) the number, but then she put the phone _____. After about ten seconds, she dialed the number again .‖ Hi,Mum…‖

Later I asked,‖Why did you dial the number______?‖She smiled ―My parents are old.They can’t get close to the telephone_______ . I always do so when I call them. I just want to give

them_______time to answer the call.‖

My friend is a good girl. She is always _____her parents. You also want to be a good child,right? So why not learn from her?

( )16.A. Father’s Day B.Mother’s Day C.Teacher s’ Day D.Children’s Day ( )17.A. too B. also C. either D.yet

( )18.A.refuse B.forget C.decide D.remember ( )19 A .live B.lives C.lived D.living

( )20.A.face B.card C.call D.cake

( )21.A.up B.off C.down D.on

( )22.A.once B.twice C.several times D.many times ( )23.A. lonely B.slowly C.quitely D.quickly

( )24.A. less B.little C. enough D.a lot

( )25. A.thinking about https://www.doczj.com/doc/e211597736.html,ughing at C.picking up D.looking for

A.阅读理解

( A)

American people like to say ―Thank you‖ when others help them or say something kind to them .People of many countries do so, It is a very good habit( 习惯).

You should say ―Thank you ― when someone passes you the salt on the table, when someone walking ahead of you keeps the door open for you, when someone says you have done your work well, or you have bought a nice thing, or your city is very beautiful . ―Thank you ―is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters.

―Excuse me‖ is another short sentence they use. When you hear someone say to so behind you, you know that somebody wants to walk past you without touching you. It’s not polite to break others when they are talking. If you want to speak to one of them, say ―Excuse me‖ first, and then begin talking. You should also do so when you begin to cough or make noise before others.

Let’s learn to say ―Thank you‖ and ―Excuse me‖.

( ) 26. ―Thank you‖ is often used when you heard______

A. What a beautiful car you have

B. Can you help me?

C. Excuse me

D. Pass me the salt

( ) 27.From the passage we know ―Thank you‖ is _______.

A. used only in western countries

B. widely used in the world

C. used only in America

D. used only between parents and children ( )28. Before you want to _____,‖Excuse me‖ should be used.

A. speak to one of the people who are talking

B.cough

C.walk past someone

D.all of the above

( )29. If you want to know the way to some place,you should say‖_____‖.

A.Thank you

B.You are welcome

C. Excuse me

D.I’m sorry

( )30.This passage mainly tells us the way _______.

A. to be happy

B.to be polite

C.to help others

D.to learn from Americans

(B)

Hemingway was one of the most famous writers. He was born in America in 1899.His father was a doctor and loved sports very much, and his mother taught music. Among the six children in the family ,Hemingway was the second oldest.

Hemingway wrote many books in his life. The Old Man and the Sea is one of the most famous novels and also my favourite . It came out in 1952.The main character(主要人物)in the book is a fisherman. He is an old man who fishes alone. People think he is an old man with bad luck, because he doesn’t get a fish in eighty-four day. Every evening, he comes home with his empty boat. But the old man believes himself. The man gets a big fish on the eighty-fifth day. Although he meets a lot of trouble(麻烦)the old man never gives up.(放弃)( ) 36. Hemingway’s fath er loved _________.

A. books

B. sports

C. music

D. art

( ) 37. The Old Man and the Sea was published in _______ .

A. 1852

B. 1899

C. 1952

D.1989

( ) 38. The old man doesn’t get a fish until the ____day

A. fifteenth

B. eightieth C .eighty-fourth D. eighty-fifth

( )39. What does the old man do when he can’t get a fish?

A. He has to look for food

B. He doesn’t give up fishing

C .He doesn’t fish any more. D. He has nothing to do

( ) 40. What can we learn from the old man?

A. When we are in trouble, we should not give up.

B. When we want to fish, we can get a big fish.

C. We can do everything because we are young.

D. We can live a better life if we like fishing.

(C)

Do you know something about the holiday camps(野营)in Hong Kong ? The students in Hong Kong often took part in(参加) English holiday camps in their holidays .And their parents weren’t with them.

Now they still enjoy taking part in many kinds of holiday camps without their parents. Many parents let their children take part in some kinds of holiday camps in order to (以便) learn some practical knowledge (实践知识) about living skills, science, reading and writing... The most important for the children is to learn to look after themselves.

Holiday camps in Hong Kong are not so expensive .Most of families can afford( 负的起)to send their children there for future study ,for making their bodies strong... And government ( 政府)never charges for them.

It is said (据说)that students in Hong Kong have much knowledge about many things. Perhaps it has something to do with the kinds of holiday camps.

( ) 41. Students in Hong Kong often took part in _____

A. history holiday camps

B. English holiday camps

C. Science holiday camps

D. Chinese holiday camps

( ) 42. When students in Hong Kong are in the holiday camps , their parents____.

A, must be with them B. have to look after them nearby

C. must stay at home

D. aren’t with them

( ) 43.The most important thing for the students to take part in the holiday camps is to________

A. learn some English words

B. learn much knowledge about many things

C. learn to look after themselves

D. have a further study about many subjects

( ) 44. The students can take part in a holiday camp at a ______ cost.

A .dear B. half C. very high D. very low

四.根据汉语意思完成句子,没空一词

1.事故后他失去了记忆。

He_________after the accident.

2. 他的车在回家的路上抛锚了

His car______on his way home.

3. 如果明天不下雨,我们就徒步旅行。

If it______tomorrow, we will go hiking.

4. 除非你现在离开,否则你就迟到。

You will ____________school____you leave now

5. 当我们变老时,我们的短视记忆变得更差

When we________our ____becomes____

五.选择适当的句子不全对话

A: Good morning! ____

B: ____I think I wear size six.

A: The white gloves are on this side. Let me see…____these are very nice, and they are easy to wash , too

B:Oh, I will try them on. Hmmm… they seem to fit ____

A: 5 dollars and 20 cents.

B: All right. ____here are six dollars.

A: Ok, here is your change.

B: Thank you

a.where can I do for you

b.here is size six

c.what do you think of them

d.I am looking for a pair of white gloves

e.Can I help you

f.How much are they

六.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. the boy felt ____(amaze)when he heard the big noise.

2. he cant work well with the two____(injure)arms.

3. memory is ____(connect)to the feeling.

4. I am sorry to hear about the____(die)of the famous actor

5. you should ____(apology)to her for what you said to her just now.

6. my friend has a good____(memory), he can (memory )large numbers in a short time.

7.the boy insisted that he saw the UFO , but people thought it was just his____(imagine)

8. you will be late for school if you____(not leave)now.

9. please try ____(remember)English words as many as you can

10. one basic way of ____(improve)our memory is to do more practice

语法:if/unless 引导的条件状语从句

【教材典句】

What happen if you take a fish out of water?

You will be late for school if you do not leave now.

【语法全解】

If 引导的条件状语句

◆◆引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种(非真实条件句会在以后的虚拟语气中阐述),其引导的真实条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。

1)如果if 条件句讲述自然规律,肯定会发生的事情或客观事实,主句和if从句都用一般现在时态。(主现从现)

eg: If you take a fish out of water, it dies.如果把鱼从水中拿出,它会死。

2)在if 引导的条件状语从句中,谈论将来可能出现的情况时,主句

一般将来时态

祈使句+ if从句(一般现在时态)

情态动词

(主现从现)If you put a piece of paper into water, it gets wet. 如果你把一张纸放进水中,它会变湿。

(主将从现)I’ll buy a car if I have enough money. 如果我有足够的钱,我会买一辆车。

(主祈从现)Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。/ Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话,请

举手。

(主情从现) If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly. 如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。

注:此处if引导的从句,还可由when,as soon as(一…就…), (not)…until (直到…才),unless(除非)来引导。

The traffic must stop when the light are red.当红灯亮时,交通必须停止。

I will go home as soon as it stops raining. 雨一停我就回家。

Please don’t leave the office until your friend comes back. 请不要离开直

到你朋友回来。

◆◆unless引导的条件状语从句:unless= if …not 除非, 若不

eg: Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.

= If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk. 我们出去散步吧除非是你太累。

You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.

=If you don’t start earlier, you will fail to arrive there in time.

如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。

Unless it rains, the game will be played.

= If it doesn’t rain, the game will be played. 除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。

My baby sister never cries unless she is hungry.= My baby sister never cries if she isn’t hungry. 我的妹妹不会乱哭,除非她饿了。

◆◆位置:由if引导的条件状语从句,可放在主句前面或后面。

If we go to the beach, we need to take sun cream. = We need to take sun cream if we go to the beach. 如果我们去海滩,我们需要带上防晒霜。

课堂练习

用if或unless填空

1. ______ he wants to see me, you can tell him to wait,

2. ______ it snows tomorrow, we'll have a day or two off.

3. We won't go to his party ______ he invites us.

4. She is sure to pass the examination ______ she is ill.

5. I'll take that computer ______ I have enough money.

6. ______ my grandma wears glasses, she can see better.

7. I won't buy that backpack ______ it costs less than ¥20.

8. ______ I'm tired, I'll have a rest for tea.

用所给词的正确形式填空

1. If he ______ (get) a low mark in the test, he ______ (study) harder;

2. If you ______ (swim) every day this summer, you ______ (be) very healthy.

3. If he ______ (not hurry),he ______ (not see) the beginning of the match.

4. You can't go out unless you ______ (finish) your homework.

5. Unless I save my money carefully, I ______ (not be) able to buy a football.

6. If it ______ (not rain) tomorrow, we ______ (go) to the park.

7. If he ______ (return) to the school, I ______ (let) you know.

句型转换

1. People grow corn in the north of China. (改为被动句)

Corn in the north of China.

2. Jim can’t decide what he should do next. (改为同义句)

Jim can’t decide next.

3. It took him two hours to play with a computer last night. (改为同义句)He two hours with a computer last night.

4. They are happy to see each other. (改为感叹句)

they are to see each other!

5. Everyone should give back these books on time. (改为被动句)

These books should back on time.

6. He has worked in this school for five years. (就划线部分提问)

has he worked in this school?

7. From then on, the fox no longer came to the village. (改为同义句)From then on, the fox didn’t come to the village .

选择题

1. If you _____ to the party, you’ll have a great time

A. will go

B. went

C. go

D. going

2. What will father _____ us from Japan?

A. take

B. bring

C. carry

D. make

3. If you the water, it into gas.

A. boil, turns

B. boil, will turn

C. will boil, turn

D. will boil, will turn

4. I ____ her the answer if she ____me.

A. can tell, will ask

B. will tell, will ask

C. would tell, ask

D. will tell, asks

5. – What are you going to do tomorrow?--We’ll go to the library tomorrow if it ___.

A. isn’t rain

B. rain

C. won’t rain

D. doesn’t rain

6.—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?

--Sorry, I don’t know. When he ____ back, I’ll tell y ou.

A. comes

B. will come

C. come

D. may come

7. What will you do if you _____ to the old folk’s home visit?

A. go

B. went

C. going

D. will go

8. I’ll give the book to him if he ___ here next Sunday.

A. will come

B. comes

C. is coming

D. came

9. There ____an English film in our school tomorrow.

A. is going to have

B. will have

C. is going to be

D. has

10. When my mother returned last night, I ____ a book.

A. read

B. am reading

C. was reading

D. am going to read

11. I won’ leave here until he back.

A. come

B. comes

C. will come

D. came

12. I’ll wake you up when he ____back.

A. will

B. is going to come

C. comes

D. come

13. She will come to help us if she too busy tomorrow.

A. is

B. isn’t

C. will be

D. won’t be

14. If I find his phone number, I you.

A. tell

B. told

C. will tell

D. have told

15. you don’t go to bed earlier, you will feel tired tomo rrow.

A. Unless

B. If

C. Though

D. Until

课后练习

选择题

1.—It’s raining, Daisy. Please an umbrella with you.

-- Thanks. I’ll return it to you when I next week.

A. take; come

B. take; will come

C. bring; come

D. bring; will come

2. I’ll go for a walk with you if it ________ tomorrow.

A. won’t rain

B. doesn’t rain

C. will rain

D. not rains

3. She ________ as an animal trainer since 2003.

A.has worked B. works C. will work D. have worked

4. They ________her to the party, so she was very happy.

A. invite

B. invited

C. will invite

D. are inviting

5. Mr. Green ________to the manager now. You’d better call him later.

A. talk

B. talked

C. is talking

D. was talking

6. If you________ carefully, you ________ the report well.

A. will listen ; will be understood

B. will listen ; understand

C. listen; will understand

D. listen ; understand

7. --May we leave the classroom now?

--No, you . You to leave until the bell rings.

A. mustn’t; are allowed

B. don’t have to; are supposed

C. needn’t; aren’t allowed

D. can’t; aren’t supposed

8. We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow.

A. is

B.was

C. will be

D.is going to be

9. Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back.

A. came

B. comes

C. have come

D. will come

10. Listen ! Someone______in the next room .

A. cried

B. crying

C. is crying

D. has cried

11. You must tell him the news as soon as you______him.

A. see

B. sees

C. will see

D. is seeing

12. The art club is for members only. You can’t go in you are a member.

A. unless

B. because

C. if

D. though

13. I’m waiting for my friend. , I’ll go shopping alone.

A. If she comes

B. If she will come

C. If she doesn’t come

D. If she didn’t come

14. You must study hard if you______ want to fail the exam.

A. won’t

B. don’t

C. haven’t

D. hadn't

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北语之声论坛专业精华转贴 现代汉语语法的五种分析方法是语法学基础里很重要的一个内容,老师上课也会讲到,我在这里把最简略的内容写在下面,希望能对本科生的专业课学习有所帮助 详细阐释中心词分析法、层次分析、变换分析法、语义特征分析法和语义指向分析的具体内涵: 一. 中心词分析法: 分析要点: 1.分析的对象是单句; 2.认为句子又六大成分组成——主语、谓语(或述语)、宾语、补足语、形容词附加语(即定语)和副词性附加语(即状语和补语)。 这六种成分分为三个级别:主语、谓语(或述语)是主要成分,宾语、补足语是连 带成分,形容词附加语和副词性附加语是附加成分; 3.作为句子成分的只能是词; 4.分析时,先找出全句的中心词作为主语和谓语,让其他成分分别依附于它们; 5.分析步骤是,先分清句子的主要成分,再决定有无连带成分,最后指出附加成分。 标记: 一般用║来分隔主语部分和谓语部分,用══标注主语,用——标注谓语,用~~~~~~标注宾语,用()标注定语,用[ ]标注状语,用< >标注补语。 作用: 因其清晰明了得显示了句子的主干,可以一下子把握住一个句子的脉络,适合于中小学语文教学,对于推动汉语教学语法的发展作出了很大贡献。

还可以分化一些歧义句式。比如:我们五个人一组。 (1)我们║五个人一组。 (2)我们五个人║一组。 总结:中心词分析法可以分化一些由于某些词或词组在句子中可以做不同的句子成分而造成的歧义关系。 局限性: 1.在一个层面上分析句子,层次性不强; 2.对于一些否定句和带有修饰成分的句子,往往难以划分; 如:我们不走。≠我们走。 封建思想必须清除。≠思想清除。 3.一些由于句子的层次关系不同而造成的歧义句子无法分析; 如:照片放大了一点儿。咬死了猎人的狗。 二. 层次分析: 含义: 在分析一个句子或句法结构时,将句法构造的层次性考虑进来,并按其构造层次逐层进行分析,在分析时,指出每一层面的直接组成成分,这种分析就叫层次分析。 朱德熙先生认为,层次分析不能简单地将其看作是一种分析方法,而是应当看做一种分析原则,是必须遵守的。(可以说说为什么) 层次分析实际包含两部分内容:一是切分,一是定性。切分,是解决一个结构的直接组成成分到底是哪些;而定性,是解决切分所得的直接组成成分之间在句法上是什么关系。

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基本句式: 1、判断句:~は~です。(だ) ~は~でした。(だった) ~は~ではありません。(ではない) ~は~ではありませんでした。(ではなかった)  ~は~ですか。 2、疑问句:~は~ですか。(一般疑问句)  ~は(疑问词)ですか。(特殊疑问句) 疑问词:何、誰(どなた)、どれ、どの~、どこ、どちら??? 3、存在句:~に~があります/います。 ~は~にあります/います。 ~はどこにあります/いますか=~はどこですか。(疑问句)4、叙述句:~に+動詞 ~から~まで+動詞 ~は~で~に(へ)行きます/帰ります ~は~から来ました ~は~で~を+動詞 ~は~に~をあげます ~は~に/から~をもらいます

动词: 一段动词、五段动词、サ变动词、カ变动词(连用形1、连用形2)连用形1:+ます/ません/ました/ませんでした +ませんか/ましょう +たい(たがる) +方 连用形2:+て +てから +てください +ている +てはいけない +てもいい +た +たことがある +たほうがいい +た後

未然形:+ないでください +なくてもいいです +ないほうがいいです +なければなりません(ないといけません)基本型:+ことができる/できません +ことです(形式体言) +ことがある +前に

形容词/形容动词/名词: 1、て形 2、~は/が~くなる(になる) ~を~くする(にする) 3、~(な/の)ほうがいいです 比较句型: 1、比较级:~は~より~です。 ~より~のほうが~です。 ~と~どちらが~ですか。 ~は~ほど~(否定)です。2、最高级:~(の中)で~が一番~です。 ~(の中)で~一番~は~です。

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日语一级、二级语法汇总(一) 一、心情的强调、强制 二、时点、场面 三、时间的同时性、时间的先后关系 四、原因、理由 五、经过、结束 六、逆说、假定条件 七、逆接、让步 八、假定条件、确定条件 九、否定、部分否定 十、强调 十一、倾向、状态、样子 十二、判断的立场、评价的视点 十三、基准 十四、起点、终点、界限、范围 十五、不可能、可能、困难、容易 十六、目的、手段、媒介 十七、进行、相关关系 十八、附带、非附带 十九、关联、对应 二十、无关系、无视、例外 二十一、话题 二十二、例示 二十三、动作的对象 二十四、主张、断定 二十五、感叹、愿望 二十六、传闻、推量 二十七、劝诱、注意、禁止 二十八、限定 二十九、非限定、附加 三十、比较、最上级、对比 一、心情的强调、强制 (1)心情的强调 1~てしかたがない(特别,……得不得了) 2~てしようがない(特别,……得不得了) 3~てたまらない(特别,……得不得了) 4~てならない(特别,……得不得了) 5~てやまない(……不已,永远,衷心……) 6~かぎりだ(极其,尤其,很,非常) 7~といったらない(难以形容,……之极,……得不得了)

8~といったらありやしない(难以形容,……之极,……得不得了) (2)强制 1~ないわけにわいかない(不能不,不可以不,必须) 2~ざるをえない(不能不,不可以不,必须) 3~ないでわいられない(不能不,不可以不,必须) 4~ずにわいられない(不能不,不可以不,必须) 5~ないでわすまない(不能不,不可以不,必须) 6~ずにわすまない(不能不,不可以不,必须) 7~ないでわおかない(不会不,必然) 8~ずにわおかない(不会不,必然) 9~をきんじえない(不禁,禁不住) 10~を余儀なくされる(不得已,没办法,只能,被迫) 11~を余儀なくさせる(不得已,没办法,只能,被迫) 二、时点、场面 1~折(に)折の(时值,正赶上) 2~際(に)(时候,时机) 3~に際して(当……之际,在……的时候) 4~に当たって(当……之际,在……的时候) 5~たところだ(刚刚) ~ているところだ(正在) ~ところだ(正要) 6~かけだかけるかけの(做一半,没做完,快……了) 7~うちに(在……之内,趁……时候) ~ないうちに(还没……的时候,趁还没……的时候) 8~間に間は(……之间,趁……时候) 9~最中に(正在) 10~中に中は中だ(在……,正在……) 11~において(在……地点,在……时间,在……方面) 12~にあって(处于……情况下) 三、时间的同时性、时间的先后关系 (1)时间的同时性 1、动词连用形(五段动词第二连用形)たとたんに(刚一……) 2、用言终止形+かと思うと/かと思えば(原以为) 用言终止形+かと思ったら(我还以为……呢) 动词连用形(五段动词词第二连用)+た(か)思ったら/たか思うと(刚一……就……)3、动词连用形(五段动词第二连用形)动词连体形+た(か)~ないかのうちに(刚……,还没……时) 动词连用形(五段动词第二连用形)动词连体形+た(か)~ないかに (刚……,还没……时) 4、动词连用形(第一连用形)+次第(……随即,立刻,马上)

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专四语法模拟题 Revised final draft November 26, 2020

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