写作部分
一、低碳生活
1. 低碳生活受到人们的普遍欢迎
2. 低碳生活方式非常有好处
3. 我们应该如何去做
Nowadays, there are a considerable number of individuals who prefer to lead a low-carbon lifestyle which find expression in the fact that more and more commuters are using public transportation system in their daily life.
Low carbon lifestyle can endow us and our society with numerous benefits. Firstly, it goes without saying that low carbon lifestyle contributes a lot to the environmental protection and it is a favorable way to slow down the rate of climate change of our earth, which also means a lot to our health. Moreover, it is widely believed that low carbon lifestyle saves us plenty of money, which can be used in more valuable and meaningful things. Last but not least, there is no denying that low carbon lifestyle is a sign of fashion.
As far as I am concerned, it is a good choice for us to live a low carbon lifestyle .I am quite sure, if everybody were to do so, we would have a promising future. Only in this way can we enjoy a colorful and meaningful life.
二、淡水短缺
1. 人们以为淡水是取之不尽的(提示：雨水、河水、井水......)
2. 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的(提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染......)
3. 我们应该怎么办
With amazing modern science and technology/businesses and industries, it must be admitted that, there is an increasingly loud voice from the public over shortage of fresh water. This phenomenon has aroused considerable concern from the whole society.
A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones. First, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed. Secondly, the ever-increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage. Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem. What’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh wa ter aggravate the situation.
In view of the seriousness of this problem, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out to ban this phenomenon. At the same time, people should be educated to improve themselves. With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before this phenomenon become the thing of the past.
三、微博
1．近年来“微博”越来越流行，许多人利用“微博”来表达心声、交流想法。
2．微博流行的原因。
3．微博可能引起的弊端。
When it comes to Micro-blog, people's notions vary from one to another. Some people believe that it is a blessing, while others claim it is a curse.
Those who are in favor of Micro-blog claim it plenty of advantages First of all, there is no denying that it is very convenient for people to express their instant feelings at any time. Furthermore, they firmly believe that it provides us with plenty of pleasure and information. At last，it is obvious that it is a sign of fashion.
Since every thing/coin has its two sides, others may not agree with the above points. On the one hand, they believe that Micro-blog also dangerous as it may give away people’s privacy and other significant information. On the other hand，it is widely believed that spending too much time in Micro-blogging will interfere with our studies or work.
In summary，Micro-blog has both advantages and disadvantages. Whatever effects it has，one thing is certain，Micro-blog in itself is neither good nor bad. It’s the use to which it is put that determines its value to society.
四、酒驾
1.醉酒驾车增多的原因
2.醉酒驾车的危害
3.如何减少醉酒驾车
With amazing modern economy and society，it must be admitted that, there is an increasingly loud voice from the public over drunk driving. This phenomenon has aroused considerable concern from the whole society.
Drunk driving is bound to bring about severe consequence .First and foremost, this behavior will directly threaten the safety of drivers, passengers and others, resulting in traffic accidents, injuries and even deaths. Besides, treating the injured and repairing broken cars mean a waste of money, time and resources. Last but not least, this irresponsible driving will pose a great threat to the healthy development of our society.
In view of the seriousness of this problem, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out to ban this phenomenon. At the same time, people should be educated to improve themselves. With proper laws and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before this phenomenon becomes the thing of the past.
五、面试
1.面试越来越重要
2.怎样面试成功
3.你的观点
Nowadays, in an ever tighter job market, great importance has been attached to an interview by both the employer and the applicant. This phenomenon has aroused considerable concern from the whole society.
Therefore, the job interview is very important to a job-hunter. But how can one succeed in it? Firstly of all, the interviewee must pay attention to his or her appearance. The first impression is always where w e start. Get dressed
properly and neatly. Secondly, good manners are equally important. Don’t be too proud, and neither too timid. Just be courteous. Thirdly, the interviewee must demonstrate his aptitude and skills for the job and his knowledge about eh job-related areas. Be confident. Last but not the least, the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic background, for honesty is the best policy.
As far as I am concerned, I will spare no effort to follow the above methods.I am quite sure, if everybody were to do so, we would have a promising future. Only in this way can we enjoy a colorful and meaningful life.
翻译：
汉译英
1、即使你会失败，你也应该尽你的努力去完成工作。
Even if (even though) you fail, you should do your best to finish your work.
2、当我们听到老师告诉我们的那个消息，我们都激动得睡不着觉
When we heard that news which the teacher had told us, we all were so excited that we couldn’t go to sleep.
3、尽管天气变冷了，他们还是像以前一样努力工作。
They worked as hard as before although the weather got cold.
4、如果我是他，我就会尽最大的努力按时完成任务。
If I were he, I would try my best to accomplish the task on time.
5、简而言之，每个人都应该为自己的行为负责。
In short, everybody should take responsibility for their actions.
6、他们5年前搬走了，但我们还保持联系。
They moved away five years ago, but we still keep in touch.
7、他一到上海就给我打了一个长途电话。
He gave me a long-distance calls upon his arrival at Shanghai.
8、一直到12月下旬，他们才让我加入他们小组。
They didn’t let me join their group until late December.
9. 直到老师来了他们才开始做实验。
It was not until the teacher came that they began the experience.
10.我们必须尽力克服学习中碰到的困难。
We must try our best to overcome the difficulties we meet with in our studies.
英译汉
1、Before getting more details, I thought I should avoid talking with him.
在得到更多细节之前，我想避免跟他说话。
2、Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their
society.
另一个重大问题是有必要让年轻后辈理解并看重社会中的年长者。
3、Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades.
广泛的新研究表明，世界近几十年在减少贫困方面取得了非常大的进展。
4、The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute.
这项经济领域的新研究不会终止这一争论。
5、If you had not left in time then, I could not imagine what would have happened.
如果你那时没有及时离开，我无法想象会发生什么情况。
6、In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive.
在当今科技时代，海洋提供了很多资源帮助人类生存。
7、There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the
lower income and lower educational groups.
和收入较低、文化程度不高的女性相比，家庭收入更高、教育程度更高的女性中吸烟者更多。
8、If they try hard to do something and fail, they may conclude that they will never be able to accomplish a task.
如果他们试图做什么事，却没有做成，他们可能会得出这样的结论：他们永远也不能完成某一特定的任务。
9、Often it is in overcoming hardships that we come to appreciate the value of life.
通常正是在克服困难的过程中我们才逐渐理解生命的价值。
10、It is impossible for any dictionary to cover the whole of the English vocabulary.
任何一本词典都不可能把所有英语词汇都包括进去。
阅读部分
Passage One
College is a place to explore many possibilities；Y ou really can’t do it all-unless you manage your time wisely. Here are some tips I have found very helpful for managing my time and maximizing my study efforts：
1. Determine your goals. What do you want to get out of a college education? Academic(学术的) knowledge? Leadership experience within a club? Decide what is most important to you. Then devote proportionate(成比例的) amounts of time to those efforts.
2.Plan ahead)Y ou may think you Call keep everything in your head, but as the activities on your schedule start piling up, making a schedule can really help organize even little tasks.
3.Study at strategic(关键的) times. Don’t wait until you’re falling asleep to study. Study first. Save those e—mails to check later, because tasks that don’t require much energy and attention can still be done when you’re tired.
4.Motivate(激励) yours elf! Y ou know that TV show you’ve been dying to see, or that game of chess you’ve been waiting all week to challenge your friend to. These and many other special activities can be used for motivation. Promise yourself that you’ll force yourself to work efficiently.(Don’t rush through the assignment, though.)
5. Take a nap. Sometimes even a 20-minute nap in the afternoon will give you the extra energy you need to get through the day.
1.We need to play ahead in order to ________ .
A. keep a record of all the events
B. better organize our activities
C. store everything in our head
D. pile up little tasks neatly
2.Strategic times are best for us to ________ .
A. save energy
B. check e-mails
C. study efficiently
D. organize activities
3.Which of the following could be used as a motivation to do our assignments?
A. Remembering our urgent tasks.
B. Any activities we’re eager to do.
C. Taking a break in the afternoon.
D. The promise to study efficiently.
4.What can help us to keep refreshed throughout the day?
A. Doing some physical exercise.
B. Taking a short nap in the afternoon.
C. Rushing through some assignments.
D. Playing a game of chess with a friend.
5.Which of the following could be the best title for this article?
A. Study Habits and Time Management
B. Business Management and Leadership
C. University Education and Campus Life
D. Life Goals and Academic Development
答案：BCBBA
Passage Two
Normally a students must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses, each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a students will probably attend four or five course during semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a students is given a grade, which is recorded and available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any students who is thought to have broken the rules ,for example, by cheating, has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.
1.Normally a student would at least attend ______classes each week.
A.36
B.12
C.20
D.16
2. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed_______.
A. to live in a different university
B. to take a particular course in a different university
C. to live at home and drive to classes
D. to get two degrees from two different universities
3.American university students are usually under pressure of work because_____.
A. their academic performance will affect their future careers
B. they are heavily involved in student affairs
C. they have to observe university discipline
D. they want to run for positions of authority
4. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because________.
A. they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study
B. they will then be able to stay longer in the university
C. such positions help them get better jobs
D. such positions help them get better jobs
5. The students organizations seem to be effective in ____________.
A. dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B. ensuring that the students observe university regulations
C. evaluating students performance by bringing them before a court
D. keeping up the students’ performance for social activities
答案：BBACB
Passage Three
In a country that defines itself by ideas, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here ? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.
On Dec.11,2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security. Federal and local authorities in 14 states staged ―Operation Safe Travel‖----raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证). In Salt Lake City
there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail (讹诈)by terrorists. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. ‖ We’re saying we want you to work in these places, and we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,‖ Anderson said.
If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境). Castro’s currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben Jerry’s.
1. According to the author, the United Stated claims to be a nation_______.
A. composed of people having different values
B. encouraging individual pursuits
C. sharing common interests
D. founded on shared ideals
2. How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about ―Operation Safe Travel‖ ?
A. Guilty
B. Offended
C. Disappointed
D. Discouraged
3. Undocumented workers b ecame the target of ―Operation Safe Travel‖ because_________.
A. evidence was found that they were potential terrorists
B. most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacks
C. terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status
D. they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport
4. By saying ―we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are ‖ (para.3), Mayor Alderson means‖____‖.
A. we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status
B. we will examine the laws in a different way
C. there are other ways of enforcing the law
D. the existing laws must not be ignored
5. What do we lean about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?
A. She will be deported sooner or later.
B. She is allowed to study permanently
C. Her case has been dropped
D. Her fate remains uncertain
答案：DBCCD
Passage Four
Welcome to our small business set-up guide, providing all the information you need to start your business on a healthy, solid basis.
From choosing the right name for you company and making your first business plan, through to up-to-date taxation(税务) advice, banking and insurance tips, each subject is discussed in the guide.
We also look at the vital characteristics you'll need to survive in business. Determination and originality(原创性) are key. Equally , so is the ability to organize your time and to put in the required effort during the early days.
As with any new business, success can never be guaranteed, but our aim is to reduce the difficulties involved in setting up a business on your own. We’ll forewarn you of the most common problems, including failure to research your market in sufficient detail and not setting aside enough funds for tougher financial times.
Starting up even the smallest business can be challenging. But take comfort in the fact that you are not alone. In fact, of the four million businesses currently in operation in the UK, more than 99.3％are classified as ―small, ‖with fewer than 50 employees.
In order to keep this guide as brief as possible, where we’ve not had enough room to include every detail, you’ll find a link taking you to the most relevant(相关的) articles.
Good luck with your business idea!
1. This guide is intended to help people to ____ .
A. cope with an economic crisis
B. start a new small business
C. raise funds for a new firm
D. build up public relations
2. What are most important for a business to survive?
A. Banking and insurance services.
B. Research and business plannin9.
C. Organization and management.
D. Determination and originality.
3. What does the word‖ forewarn‖(Line 2, Par t A)4) mean?
A. Deal with.
B. Argue with.
C. Advise beforehand.
D. Give instructions to.
4. What kind of businesses are regarded as―small‖in the UK?
A. Those with fewer than 50 employees .
B. Those with only two or three owners.
C. Those with a loan of 99.3％in their capital.
D. Those with an output value less than ￡4 million.
5. More information about how to start a small business is available by ____ .
A. contacting the writer in person
B. linking to other relevant articles
C. reading the advertising brochures
D. communicating with other readers
答案：BDCAB
Passage Five
The U.S. economy, which makes up one quarter of world economic output, is slowing sharply, and bringing down growth throughout the rest of the world. And the terrorist attacks are likely to make the problem worse. Kenneth Rogoff, the IMF’s chief economist, said that a U.S recession was now more likely. ―Whether it will be a bit above zero or below zero… a through(低谷)in U.S. growth is very likely,‖ Mr. Rogoff said. However, he added that ―I think there is every cause for a V shaped rebound next year.‖ Later, he withdrew his initial statement that a U.S. recession was a ―done deal‖, saying no bone could tell if growth would turn negative.
The IMF’s world economic forecast makes it clear that the U.S. is at the centre of the world economic slowdown. The IMF was already projecting that the U.S. economy would slow to a growth rate of 1.3% this year, compared to 4.1% in 2000,before recovering to 2.2% in 2002. The IMF makes it clear that the initial slowdown in the U.S. was due to a sharp drop in business investment, with a collapse of software and computer hardware purchases and a sharp drop in business inventories. It points out that consumer spending had remained ―relatively robust‖ while construction had actually expanded. It is this element that is now threatened, with confidence and consumer spending at risk. And, the IMF warns, the stock market falls could hurt the willingness of consumers to spend.
But the IMF says that the measures already taken, including the extra $40 billion in economic aid and the 0.5% rate cut last week, ―should support activity in the period ahead, allowing demand to recover modestly by the end of the year.‖ However,‖ confidence has been further shaken by the terrorist attack, increasing risks that the pace of recovery may be slowed.‖
1.Mr.Rogoff’s attitude tow ards the present economic situation is one of_____.
A. dismayed reservation
B. reserved optimism
C. unreserved pessimism
D. painful regret
2. According to the IMF, the terrorist attacks in the U.S. may result in_______.
A. plunging the world economy into hell
B. initiating the world economic slowdown
C. preventing a sharp economic downturn
D. slowing down the expected economic recovery
3. Which of the following may be right according to the IMF?
A. It is na?ve to expect a full economic recovery within the next few years.
B. The U.S. economy plays a central role in the world economy.
C. The traditional V shaped economic cycle theory is no longer valid.
D. The indirect impact of the terrorist attacks in the U.S. is immense.
4. The U.S. economy might have suffered a deeper downturn________.
A. if the government had not taken effective economic measures
B. if the terrorist attacks had never taken place
C. if software and computer hardware purchase collapse
D. if the construction had not actually expanded
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the U.S. economic recovery is in a large part dependent on ________.
A. consumer confidence
B. interest rates cuts
C. financial aid from the IMF
D. increase in software and hardware purchases
答案：BDBAA
Passage Six
I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in may life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s likes to work i n a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement-jobs, research papers, awards-----was viewed through the lens of gender(性别)politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus(相对于)right brain, or nature versus nurture(培育),I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I d idn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet anther terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New Y ork City. R ecently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. Y ou cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children . And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them ―war‖ stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professo r heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
1. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A. She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B. She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C. She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D. She finds space research more important
2. From Paragraph 2,we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to _________.
A. the very fact that she is a woman
B. her involvement in gender politics
C. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D. the burden she bears in male-dominated society
3. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A. Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B. Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
C. People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.
D. Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.
4. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A. Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.
B. Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.
C. Her female students can do just as well as male students.
D. More female students are pursuing science than before.
5. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A. Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
B. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D. Woman now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.
答案：BACDC
Passage Seven
Google, the Internet search-engine company, has announced it will give more than twenty-five million dollars in money and investments to help the poor. The company says the effort involves using the power of information and technology to help people improve their lives.
Aleem Walji works for https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html, -- the part of the company that gives money to good causes. He said the company’s first project will help identify w here infectious (传染性的) diseases are developing. In Southeast Asia and Africa, for example, https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html, will work with partners to strengthen early-warning systems and take action against growing health threats.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html,’s second project will invest in ways to help small and medium-sized businesses grow. Walji says microfinance (小额信贷) is generally small, short-term loans that create few jobs. Instead, he says https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html, wants to develop ways to bring investors and business owners together to create jobs and improve economic growth.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html, will also give money to help two climate-change programs announced earlier this year. One of these programs studies ways to make renewable (再生的) energy less costly than coal-based energy. The other is examining the efforts being made to increase the use of electric cars.
The creators of Google have promised to give https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html, about one percent of company profits and one percent of its total stock value every year. Aleem Walji says this amount may increase in the future.
1. The purpose of Google’s investments is to ________.
A. help poor people
B. develop new technology
C. expand its own business
D. increase the power of information
2. According to Aleem Walji, the company’s first project is to ________.
A. set up a new system to warn people of infectious diseases
B. find out where infectious diseases develop
C. identify the causes of infectious diseases
D. cure patients of infectious diseases
3. What kind of businesses will benefit from https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html,’s second project?
A. large enterprises
B. cross-national companies
C. foreign-funded corporations
D. small and medium-sized businesses
4. From the f ourth paragraph, we learn that Google’s money is also invested to help ________.
A. start more research programs
B. make more advanced electric cars
C. develop renewable and coal-based energy
D. conduct studies related to climate changes
5. From the last paragraph we learn that the investments by https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html, come from ________.
A. Google’s profits and stock value
B. some international IT companies
C. the company’s own interests
D. local commercial banks
答案：ABDDA
Passage Eight
The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.
Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offer to dieters（节食者）with the message that there were fewer calories（热量单位，大卡）in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic（适合于节食的）, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.
On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of
knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benef it from the advertising.
Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.
1. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.
A. stressing their high quality
B. convincing him of their low price
C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
D. appealing to his buying motives
2. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.
A. thin slices of bread could contain more calories
B. the loaf was cut into regular slices
C. the bread was not genuine bread
D. the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same
3. The passage tells us that _______.
A. sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs
B. advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying thing s they don’t need
C. the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements
D. fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment
4. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should _________.
A. think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
B. guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
C. be familiar with various advertising strategies
D. avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal
5. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. how to make a wise buying decision
B. ways to protect the interests of the consumer
C. the positive and negative aspects of advertising
D. the function of advertisements in promoting sales
答案：DDABC
Passage Nine
Every year, earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of vibration. Other damage results from landslides, tsunamis (large ocean waves) or major fires which are initiated by the quake.采集者退散
There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest magnitude recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quake ranging upwards from 6.0. Exceptions to this are those whose epicenters are located far from the inhabited areas.
The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking apart of rocks at or below the earth’s surface. Thi s is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift.
In order to minimize the damage and lessen some of the suffering results from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Two of the instruments presently in use to achieve this goal are seismographs and tilt meters.
1. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Earthquakes
B. The Cause of Earthquakes
C. Earthquakes and Their Damages
D. How to Predict Earthquakes
2. What kind of damages may not be resulted from an earthquake?
A. The collapse of buildings
B. A large number of deaths.
C. V ast amount of destruction
D. Landslides, tsunamis and major fires
3. In the last sentence of Para.2, the word ―this‖ refer to ______.
A. the highest magnitude
B. major damage
C. date
D. the previous earthquake
4. According to the passage, the sequence before an earthquake is _______.
A. the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure —the expansion and contraction of the earth’s
crust — and continental drift and the quake itself.
B. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the breaking apart of rocks — the production of pressure — and the quake itself.
C. the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks — and the quake itself.
D. the production of pressure — the breaking apart of rocks —the expansion and contraction of the earth’s crust and continental drift — and the quake itself.
5 What is the use of seismographs and tilt meters?
A. To record signals of earthquake.
B. To prevent major earthquakes
C. To predict when, where and how an earthquake happens.
D. To lessen the suffering results of an earthquake.
答案：ADBCA
Passage Ten
Terrorism has become so widespread that it is now impossible to dismiss it as the action of a few crazy people . In fact ,terrorism—the use of violence by small groups of people to accomplish political aims they feel unable to bring about by peaceful, legitimate means –has sociological roots.
Terrorism most often stem from the situation of people who consider themselves a national group but who feel that no state, no legitimate and widely recognized autonomous government represents them. Since all the inhabitable territory of the world is divided into states, which are the main organizational units through which people can exercise political power, people without a state to represent them feel completely powerless and cut off from the world order. Thus terrorism is frequently a tactic of people who find themselves or feel themselves to be stateless. They may seek to overthrow the government of the country in which they live and replace it by one more to their liking, or they may try to secede(正式脱离或退出) from the state they inhabit in order to found a new country .
Whatever the motives of those who try to accomplish change by violence, existing government are likely to label them as terrorists---meaning that they have no legitimacy and few followers . Now, we are in a rapidly changing environment and the means employed by terrorists have also changed. These changes mean greater difficulties in countering global terrorism.
Generally speaking, terrorist attacks are usually coordinated. On Sep.11,2001, terrorists hijacked(劫机) two airliners and crashed them into the World Trade Centre in a coordinated series of attacks incident hasn’t only brought disaster to the American people but also posed a challenge to everywhere .
Therefore we condemn the terrorist act in the U.S. as an affront (公开侮辱) to civilization, social stability, security and the basic human right to exist . We know that terrorism and evil won’t be wiped out unless all nations join together to fight it. This means we need to call for enhanced international cooperation to combat terrorist attacks to ensure a peaceful world .
1. The author’s attitude in fighting terrorism is_____
A. positive
B. neutral
C. contradicted
D. negative
2. The main purpose of this passage is to ______
A. explore the sociological roots of terrorism and enhance the international cooperation to fight against it
B. depend terrorism as a heroic deeds
C. praise terrorism for its heroic deeds
D. demonstrate the damages done by terrorism
3. The author suggests that it is a mistake to think that______
A. terrorists do not have legitimate means to their action
B. terrorists should not overthrow government
C. terrorists is carried out by small groups
D. terrorists is done by a handful of insane men
4. All of the following can be seen from the passage as causer of terrorism except that______
A. they regard themselves as a nation
B. they do not have widely recognized independent government to represent them
C. they are cited by those people with a sovereign state government
D. they do not have means to exercise political power
5. It can be seen from the passage that the author thinks terrorists________
A. should be driven out of the country that they inhabit in
B. may do harm to people’s lives
C. will be praised for their deeds
D. must be respected for their heroic deeds
答案：AADCB
Passage Eleven
Y our boss holds your future prospects in his hands. Some bosses are hard to get along with. Some have excellent qualifications but no idea when it comes to dealing with people. Of course, not all bosses are like that.
The relationship you have with your boss can be a major factor in determining your rise up the career ladder. Y our boss is not only your leader, he is also the person best equipped to help you do the job you are paid to do. He can inform you of company direction that may affect your professional development.
Y our boss also needs you to perform at your best in order to accomplish his objectives. He needs your feedback in order to provide realistic and useful reports to upper management. But how does this help you establish a meaningful working relationship with your boss?
The key is communication. Learn and understand his goals and priorities (优先的事). Observe and understand your
boss’s work style. If he has not been clear with his expectations, ask! Likewise, ask for feedback and accept criticism gracefully. And if he understands that you do not view your job as just something to fill the hours between 9 and 5, he may be more likely to help you.
In short, getting along with your boss requires getting to know his likes and dislikes and learning to work with his personality and management style.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________.
A. bosses are hard to deal with
B. bosses have good character
C. bosses determine your career future
D. bosses must have similar personality
2. In the second paragraph, ―rise up the career ladder‖ (Line 2) means ________.
A. going to work abroad
B. changing jobs frequently
C. being promoted in position
D. pursuing an advanced degree
3. In order to achieve his objectives, your boss expects that you will ________.
A. do your best in your work
B. show your management skills
C. get along with your colleagues
D. write reports to upper management
4. The most important factor for establishing a good working relationship with the boss is ________.
A. high expectations
B. quick feedback
C. frequent criticism
D. effective communication
5. The best title for the passage might be ________.
A. How to Take Care Of Y our Boss.
B. How to Get Along with Y our Boss
C. How to Accept Y our Boss’s Criticism
D. How to Accomplish Y our Boss’s Objective
答案：CCADB
语法部分
1. He didn’t make____ clear when and where the meeting would be held.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. these
2. ---Could you turn the TV down a little bit?
---______. Is it disturbing you?
A. Take it easy.
B. I’m sorry.
C. Not a bit
D. It depends
3. I wanted to catch _____early train, but couldn’t get _____ride to the sta tion.
A. an; the
B. /; the
C. an; /
D. the; a
4._____fire, all exits must be kept clear.
A. In place of
B. Instead of
C. In case of
D. In spite of
5. Hardly could he_____ this amount of work in such a short time.
A. get through
B. get off
C. get into
D. get down
6. ---We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.
---_______, sir.
A. I'm sure
B. My pleasure
C. It's all right
D. I'll check
7. _______ felt funny watching myself on TV.
A. One
B. This
C. It
D. That
8. _______ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.
A. If
B. Since
C. Though
D. When
9. After two years' research, we now have a _______ better understanding of the disease.
A. very
B. far
C. fairly
D. quite
10. Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his _______ one.
A. better-known
B. well-known
C. best-known
D. most-known
11. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _______.
A. he will either
B. neither will he
C. he neither will
D. either he will
12. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _______could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
13.1 have _______ all my papers but I still can't find my notes.
A. looked through
B. looked for
C. looked after
D. looked out
14. ---I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
--- _______, Bill.
A. Y ou’re welcome
B. Go ahead
C. Don't mention it
D. No problem
15. --- Is there anything wrong. Bob? Y ou look sad.
---Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home.
A. has just thought
B. was just thinking
C. would just think
D. will just be thinking
16. Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______ money these days.
A. for
B. except
C. besides
D. with
17. _______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What
B. Why
C. Where
D. Which
18. Why don't you just _______ your own business and leave me alone?
A. makes
B. open
C. consider
D. mind
19. ---Could you tell me the way to _______ Johnson, please?
---Sorry, we don’t have _______ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the
B. the; a C不填; the D. the; 不填
20. ---Tom, you didn't come to the party last night?
---I _______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.
A. had to
B. didn't
C. was going to
D. wouldn’t
21. This is a junior school. Y ou should go to a senior school _____girls of your age.
A. for
B. about
C. from
D. to
22. I looked under _____bed and found ______book I lost last week.
A. the; a
B. the: the
C. 不填；the
D. the; 不填
23. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _____are healthy
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whom
24. ---How can I apply for an online course?
---Just fill out this form and we _____ what we can do four you.
A. see
B. are seeing
C. have seen
D. will see
25. ---Where’s that report?
---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s off ice yesterday.
A. if
B. when
C. because
D. before
26. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. will
27. He has made a lot of films, but ____ good ones.
A. any
B. some
C. few
D. many
28. ---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?
---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room.
A. show
B. shows
C. to show
D. showing
30. The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ___.
A. early
B. earlier
C. earliest
D. the earliest
31. Y ou ha ve failed two tests. Y ou’d better start working harder,____ you won’t pass the course.
A. and
B. so
C. but
D. or
32. I got caught in the rain and my suit____.
A. has ruined
B. had ruined
C. has been ruined
D. had been ruined
33. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day
A. ever since
B. even if
C. soon after
D. in case
34. When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____?
A. do you
B. don’t you
C. will you
D. won’t you
35. ---It was really very kind of you to give me a lift home.
---Oh, don’t mention it .I _____past your house anyway.
A. was coming
B. will come
C. had come
D. have come
36. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ____ in the natural light during the day.
A. to let
B. letting
C. let
D. having let
37. Lucy has ____ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A. acquired
B. finished
C. concluded
D. achieved
38. It is diffic ult for us to learn a lesson in life ____we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until
B. after
C. since
D. when
39. A new _____bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.
A. normal
B. usual
C. regular
D. common
40.－I apologize for not being able to join you for dinner.
－____.We’ll get together later.
A. Go ahead
B. Not to worry
C. That’s right
D. Don’t mention it
41. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _____sight matters more than hearing.
A. when
B. whose
C. which
D. where
42. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living_____.
A. bills
B. expenses
C. prices
D. charges
43. If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what ____ in science and technology.
A. had discovered
B. had been discoverer
C. has discovered
D. has been discovered
44. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only ____beaten.
A. nearly
B. slightly
C. narrowly
D. lightly
45. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ____ it is .
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. where
46. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly ______left in the house.
A. anything
B. everything
C. nothing
D. something
47. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house____ there is a power cut.
A. if
B. unless
C. in case
D. so that
48. ---Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
---Y es, he did. He______ his old friends for a long time.
A. didn't see
B. wouldn't see
C. hasn't seen
D. hadn't seen
49.George couldn't remember when he first met Mr.Anderson,but he was sure it was ___Sunday because everybody
was at __ church.
A. /; the
B. the; /
C. a; /
D. /; a
50. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____for the day.
A. finishing
B. finished
C. had finished
D. were finished
51. ---Now let's move on to another topic. Do you follow me?
---________, Professor.
A. No, I am not
B. Y es，I will
C. No, I haven't
D. Y es, perfectly
52 are not who is right but what right ______is of importance is.
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. this
53. Leonardo da V inci(1452-1519)______birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought
54. ---What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
---Y ou _____do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don't have to
B. oughtn't to
C. mustn't
D. can't
55. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _____they can be controlled on purpose.
A. with which
B. to which
C. of which
D. for which
56. She's having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn't know whom to______.
A. turn to
B. look for
C. deal with
D. talk about
57. ---Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
---As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he_____.
A. writes
B. does writing
C. is writing
D. does write
58. When I called you this morning, nobody answered the phone. Where _____?
A. did you go
B. has you one
C. were you
D. had you been
59._____, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound
B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound
D. Strange as it might sound
60. ---I've studied growing plants as one of my interests. Could I make some suggestions?
---______.
A. Y ou will make it
B. Go right ahead
C. Don't mention it
D. Take it easy
答案：
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.C
5.A
6. D
7.C
8. A
9.B 10.C
11. B 12.C 13. A14.D 15. B 16.C 17.A18. D 19.B 20.C
21.A22.B 23. D 24. D 25.B 26.C 27.C 28. A29.B 30.B
31.D 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.A36.B 37.D 38.A39.C 40.B
41.D 42.B 43.D 44.C 45.A46.A47.C 48.D 49.C 50.B
51.D 52.C 53.B 54.A55.B 56.A57.B 58.C 59.D 60.B
词形转换：
1. Now we have realized the importance of population control. (Important)
2. The boy worked out the maths problem without any __ difficulties _ (difficult)
3. Because of his _ sickness ___, he cannot go to school today. (sick)
4. Paper causes fire ____easily ___. (easy)
5._ Luckily_, I missed the last train yesterday. (Lucky)
6. Tom did not do his homework as _ careless as before, (care), so he made a lot of mistakes.
7. Don’t talk __ loudly _ (loud) in the library.
8. My father told me lots of his exciting __ experiences_ in Japan. (experience)
9. The first plane flew only 120 __ feet __ (foot)
10. He will pay a ___ friendly __ (friend) visit to us tomorrow.
11. Please your ___ dirty ____ (dirt) hands.
12. At the meeting a proposal was put forward by John Smith. (propose)
13. They fully recognized the enormous strength and influence of the union. (strong)
14. That we need more practice and confidence is quite obvious. （confident）
15. The measures taken by the government failed to reduce unemployment.（employment）
16. Your offer is very attractive but I need to think it over before I can let you know my decision. （attract）
17. In such a changing and complex society, formerly simple solutions to informational needs become complicated.
（complicate）
18. We should adopt effective measure to preserve the eyesight of the adolescents.（effect）
19. The old professor made a number of very constructive suggestions concerning soil conservation in the area.
(construction)
20. The factory is being enlarged to make room for more machinery. (large)
21. This expression is thought of as being out of style today. We seldom use it.（express）
22. This blouse looks __lovely____ on you(love).
1. medicine → medical
2. profession→ professional
3. noise →noisy
4.possible→impossibl e
5. cloud → cloudy
https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html,ual→unusual
7.decide→ decisions
8. die → death
9.polite →impolite10. act →active 11. city→citizen 12. class → classmate
13. collect →collection 14. expense →expensive 15. final → finally 16. fool →foolish
17.apology→apologize18.instruct→instruction19. imagine →imagination20.piano→pianist
21.art→https://www.doczj.com/doc/e411393785.html,w→lawyer23.move→movement24.secret→secretary
25. act →actor26.nature→natural27.distance→distant28.wonder→wonderful
29.vary→various30.calculate→caculator31.admit→admission32.add→addition
33.tour→tourist34.man→manly35.expand→expansion36.press→pressure
37.peace→peaceful38.poor→poverty39.absence→absent40.success→successful
41.center→central42.favor→favorite43.religion→religious44.oc cassion→occasionally
45.origion→origionally46.operate→operation47.resist→resistant48.behave→behavior
49.sharp→sharpen50.construct→construction
蒲公英的故事 相传，从前村里有户人家里有个待闺中的女儿，唤作公英。一家人平静而幸福地生活着。可有一天，不幸从天而降，打破了这个美满的家庭。原来，女儿得了一种难以启齿的疾病——乳痈。在旧社会里，一个未婚女子得了这种疾病，的确是莫大的打击!家长也十分气愤，将公英逐出家门。公英有口难辩，羞辱难忍，遂投河自杀。却说天不该亡公英，河的下游住着一个一打鱼为生的老人，公英被老人救起。得知公英的不幸后，老人就到田野里找来一种开黄花的药草，内服外敷，没过几天，公英的病就好了。公英非常感激老人的救命之恩，遂拜老人为义父，因老人姓蒲，故自称蒲公英。后来传于乡里，乡亲门用这种药治疗疮痈肿毒，取得了满意的疗效，因此亲切地称之蒲公英或公英。 传说每棵蒲公英的种子里都藏着一个愿望精灵，他们得到了大地的赐予，背负着让许愿人得到幸福的使命来到人间，不记尊贵的身份，甘心做一棵平凡且不被人注意的蒲公英，倔强的等待着许愿人的到来，直到被许愿人赋予希望，吹散，重新落入土中，将人的愿望种下，当它长成新蒲公英时，许愿人的愿望就实现了，蒲公英就继续等待另外的人来许愿......而这个故事就要从蒲公英说起啦！ 很久很久以前的一个夏天，一个穿着深绿色连衣裙的小女孩在公园水池边玩，她想用小玻璃瓶把水池里的小红鱼捞上来带回家，却不小心把小玻璃瓶掉到水里，眼看着玻璃瓶越沉越深，瓶子上最喜欢的蒲公
英贴纸也越来越模糊，当玻璃瓶沉到水底时，她的脸上滑过了几颗不争气的小泪珠儿，“喂，你的瓶子掉水里啦！”说话的是一个脸圆圆的有大眼睛的小男孩，小女孩匆匆擦干脸上的金豆豆仰起脸说：“恩，我看见它掉下去了！”这时小女孩看见小男孩正用圆溜溜的大眼睛看着她，那双眼睛是那么干净透彻，像一湾碧水一样，在那湾碧水后面似乎还隐藏了一些什么，对小女孩来说她不明白那是什么...“我帮你捞起来吧！”“恩”小男孩找来了一根又粗又长的树枝，在水池里拨来拨去，挑来挑去，费了半天劲才把玻璃瓶捞上来，小女孩看见瓶子捞上来了就很高兴，可她把瓶子拿在手上时却...“我瓶子上的蒲公英贴纸没啦！我...我没有这种贴纸了！”在小女孩的心里是把贴纸当成宝贝的！其实每个女孩都有过这样的行为，把像贴纸这种不值钱的小东西当宝贝的阶段，甚至每天都要数上几遍贴纸的张数，还要常常拿出来和别家的女孩炫耀，这就是女孩子的小虚荣心哦！“你，你是不是又要哭啊？”“...”“别..别哭啊！你等着啊！”小男孩向林阴道跑去，好象在那的草地上随便的揪起了一个什么植物，又快速的跑回来，蹲在小女孩旁边，原来他手里捏着一棵蒲公英，“给你”“可我还是想要我的蒲公英贴纸！”小男孩突然很正经的说：“你知道吗？每棵蒲公英的种子里都藏着一个小精灵，是大地让他们来实现我们的愿望的，你吹散它的种子，再许一个愿望，那种子再落在土里面，长成另一个蒲公英的时候你的愿望就实现啦！我妈说这个比在吃生日蛋糕时许的愿望还灵呢！”“我不信..”小女孩半信半疑的看着他说，小男孩气呼呼的说“爱信不信！”“真的？”“真的！”
壶井荣《蒲公英》阅读答案 “提灯笼，掌灯笼，聘姑娘，扛箱笼，……” 村子里的孩子们一面唱，一面摘下蒲公英，深深吸足了气，“甫”地一声把茸毛吹去。 “提灯笼，掌灯笼，聘姑娘，扛箱笼，噗！” 蒲公英的茸毛像蚂蚁国的小不点儿的降落伞，在使劲吹的一阵人工暴风里，悬空飘舞一阵子，就四下里飞散开，不见了。在春光弥漫的草原上，孩子们找寻成了茸毛的蒲公英，争先恐后地赛跑着。我回忆到自己跟着小伴们在草原上来回奔跑的儿时，也给孩子一般的小儿子，吹个茸毛瞧瞧。 “提灯笼，掌灯笼，聘姑娘，扛箱箱，噗！” 小儿子高兴了，从院里的蒲公英上摘下所有的茸毛来，小嘴里鼓足气吹去。茸毛像鸡虱一般飞舞着地散在狭小的院子里，有的越过篱笆飞往邻院。一旦扎下根，不怕遭践踏被踩响，还是一回又一回地爬起来，开出小小花朵来的蒲公英！ 我爱它这忍耐的坚强和朴素的纯美，曾经移植了一棵在院里，如今已经八年了。虽然爱它面移植来的，可是动机并不是为风雅或好玩。在战争激烈的时候，我们不是曾经来回走在田野里寻觅野草来么那是多么悲惨的时代!一向只当做应时野菜来欣赏的鸡筋菜、芹菜，都不能算野菜，变成美味了。 我们乱切一些现在连名儿都记不起来的野草，掺在一起趴煮成吃得碗都懒得端的稀粥来，有几次吃的就是蒲公英。据新闻杂志的报导，把蒲公英在开水里烫过，去了苦味就好吃的，我们如法泡制过一次，却再没有勇气去打来吃了。就在这一次把蒲公英找来当菜的时候，我偶然忆起儿时唱的那首童谣，就种了一棵在院子里。 蒲公英当初是不大愿意被迁移的，它紧紧趴住了根旁的土地，因此好像受了很大的伤害，一定让人以为它枯死；可是过了一个时期，又眼看着有了生气，过了二年居然开出美丽的花来了。原以为蒲公英是始终趴在地上的，没想到移到土壤松软的菜园之后，完全像蔬菜一样，绿油油的嫩叶冲天直上，真是意想不到的。蒲公英只为长在路旁，被践踏、被蹂躏，所以才变成了像趴在地上似的姿势的么 从那以后，我家院子里蒲公英的一族就年复一年地繁殖起来。 “府上真新鲜，把蒲公英种在院子里啦。” 街坊的一位太太来看蒲公英时这样笑我们。其实，我并不是有心栽蒲公英的，只不过任它繁殖罢了。我那个像孩子似的儿子来我家，也和蒲公英一样的偶然。这个刚满周岁的男孩子，比蒲公英迟一年来到我家的。 男孩子和紧紧趴住扎根的土里，不肯让人拔的蒲公英一样，他初来时万分沮丧，没有一点精神。这个“蒲公英儿子”被夺去了抚养他的大地。战争从这个刚一周岁的孩子身上夺去了
幼教课堂设计 蒲公英的旅行 教师：*** 日期：*** XX幼儿园
朗诵内容: 这是一个有太阳的下午,风轻轻的吹着.很轻,很轻.突然,风大了起来,蒲公英宝宝离开了妈妈,跟着风婆婆,飞呀飞呀,刚要落到草地上,又有一阵风吹来.蒲公英宝宝又飞了起来,飞呀飞呀,飞的高高的.咦?风停了,蒲公英宝宝晃晃悠悠,晃晃悠悠的从空中往下落.有的落在了池塘边,有的落在了柳树下,有的落在了花丛中.下雨了下雨了.蒲公英宝宝张开小嘴开心的喝着水.渐渐的,蒲公英宝宝长大了,个子越长越高,越长越高.有的和他们的妈妈长的一样高,有的长的更高.又过了一段时间,他们开花了.身上长出了许多蒲公英宝宝,他们也做妈妈拉!(自创) 舞蹈结构(建议): 第一段:戴同色绒球的蒲公英宝宝们在一起,围成几个圈. 第二段:蒲公英宝宝分散开. 第三段:重新组合成若干朵蒲公英(自由组合,一人,两人,三人...每朵人数不限) 活动目标: 1.初步熟悉和感受乐曲旋律,能按老师的提示表演舞蹈. 2.根据已有经验,技能,大胆创编动作. 3.能与同组的伙伴协调配合,友好交流.能亲密,轻柔的接触舞伴. 舞蹈音乐: 该舞蹈表现的是蒲公英种子的传播,生长过程.即一开始蒲
公英是一个绒球的状态,在风中摇摆.当风吹来,蒲公英种子随风四处飘扬,落地,生长,开花.一般节奏轻松的音乐都可以使用.音乐的结构为ABA式.由此表现蒲公英从整体到分散再到整体的三个状态. 活动准备: 1.录音磁带,录音机,录像带,录像机 2.四色绒球,,每种个6个.(视本班情况而定),让幼儿戴在手腕上,同色的为一组. 3.幼儿知道蒲公英的外形和播种形式,并且能看懂简单的舞蹈图谱. 活动过程: 一.导入 1.春天到了,春姑娘给我们送来了礼物(拿出盒子),小朋友们想不想知道盒子里面是什么啊? 请一名幼儿将盒子打开,拿出蒲公英. 二.指导 1.教师请幼儿说出他们看到了什么?是什么样子的? 2.教师请幼儿上来吹一吹,看看有什么变化? 3.教师引导幼儿观看录像(草地上蒲公英在风中摇摆,风吹过来,蒲公英种子飘走了...)看完后请 幼儿说一说用动作怎么去表现. 4.教师将有特点的动作提取出来,让创编的幼儿在教师哼唱
蒲公英 药材名称： 蒲公英 拼音名称： PUGONGYING 别名： 蒲公草、尿床草、西洋蒲公英，凫公英、耩褥草、地丁、金簪草、孛孛丁菜、黄花苗、黄花郎、鹁鸪英、婆婆丁、白鼓丁、黄花地丁、蒲公丁、真痰草、狗 乳草、奶汁草、残飞坠、黄狗头、卜地蜈蚣、苦须、鬼灯笼、羊奶奶草、双英 卜地、黄花草、古古丁、茅萝卜、黄花三七、婆婆丁、仆公罂。 科属： 本品为菊科植物蒲公英.的全草。 产地： 全国各地均有分布。 性味： [性味、归经]苦、甘，寒。归肝、胃经。 功效： 清热解毒，消痈散结，利湿通淋。 中成药： 共有243种中成药使用蒲公英:胃肠复元膏通脉宝膏胰胆炎合剂胃逆康胶囊胆 石通胶囊前列欣胶囊乳癖消片小儿双金清热口服液慢咽宁袋泡茶蓝蒲解毒片等。应用：
1、用于痈肿疔毒，乳痈内痈。本品苦以泄降，甘以解毒，寒能清热兼散滞气，为清热解毒、消痈散结之佳品，主治内外热毒疮痈诸证，兼能通经下乳，又为 治疗乳痈良药。用治痈肿疔毒，常与野菊花、紫花地丁、金银花等药同用，如 五味消毒饮；治疗乳痈肿痛，可单用本品浓煎内服，或以鲜品捣汁内服，渣敷 感处，也可与全瓜蒌、金银花、牛蒡子等药同用，用治肠痈腹痛，常与大黄、 牡丹皮、桃仁等同用；治疗肺痈吐脓，常与鱼腥草、冬瓜仁、芦根同用。本品 解毒消肿散结，与板蓝根、玄参等配伍，还可用治咽喉肿痛；鲜品外敷可治疗 毒蛇咬伤。 2、热淋涩痛，湿热黄疸。本品苦、甘寒，能清利湿热、利尿通淋，对湿热引起的淋证、黄疸具有较好的疗效。用治热淋涩痛，常与白茅根、金钱草、车前 子同用，以加强利尿通淋之功；治疗湿热黄疸，常与茵陈蒿、栀子、大黄同用。 此外，本品还有清肝明目之功，以治肝火上炎引起的目赤肿痛。可单用取汁 点眼，或浓煎内服，也可与菊花、夏枯草、黄芩等配伍使用。 用法用量： 煎服，9~15G，外用鲜品适量，捣敷或煎汤熏洗患处。 注意事项： 用量过大可致缓泻。 采收加工： 春至秋季花初开时采挖，除去杂质，洗净，晒干。 炮制工艺： 将原药除去杂质、泥屑，喷潮（不洁者快洗），略润，切成1CM短段，干燥，筛去灰屑。 现代研究： 1、化学成分：本品含蒲公英甾醇、胆碱、菊糖、果胶、蒲公英醇、豆甾醇、Β-香树脂醇、Β-谷甾醇、蒲公英赛醇、蒲公英素、蒲公英苦素和维生素A、B、 C等。 2、药理作用：本品水煎剂及提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、伤寒杆菌绿脓杆菌有抑制作用，对奥杜盎小孢子菌、许兰黄癣菌，红色毛癣菌等也有抑制作用。蒲 公英热水提取物有抑瘤作用。另外，本品还有抗胃溃疡、利胆、保肝等作用。
蒲公英的功效与作用，蒲公英的功效与作用及食用方法 蒲公英给人的印象是美好的，蒲公英的功效与作用，与蒲公英的功效与作用及食用方法却有很多，是我们大家所不熟悉的，下面是一些蒲公英的功效与作用，与蒲公英的功效与作用及食用方法。蒲公英属菊科多年生草本植物。花开后随风飘到新的地方孕育新生命，这是人们对蒲公英的美好赞扬，然而蒲公英的功效与作用，与蒲公英的功效与作用及食用方法却能给人们带来很多好处。蒲公英植物体中含有蒲公英醇、蒲公英素、胆碱、有机酸、菊糖等多种健康营养成分，有利尿、缓泻、退黄疸、利胆等功效。蒲公英同时含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、微量元素及维生素等，有丰富的营养价值，可生吃、炒食、做汤，是药食兼用的植物。 蒲公英使用价值 蒲公英食用 蒲公英可生吃、炒食、做汤、炝拌、风味独特。生吃：将蒲公英鲜嫩茎叶洗净，沥干蘸酱，略有苦味，味鲜美清香且爽口。凉拌：洗净的蒲公英用沸水焯1分钟，沥出，用冷水冲一下。佐以辣椒油、味精、盐、香油、醋、蒜泥等，也可根据自己口味拌成风味各异的小莱。 做馅：将蒲公英嫩茎叶洗净水焯后，稍攥、剁碎，加佐料调成馅（也可加肉）包饺子或包子。 蒲公英食疗：①蒲公英粥：蒲公英30克，粳米100克，煮成粥，可清热解毒，消肿散结；②蒲公英茵陈红枣汤：蒲公英50克，茵陈50克，大枣10枚，白糖50克，制成汤，是治疗急性黄疸型肝炎的上等辅疗药物；③蒲公英桔梗汤：蒲公英60克，桔梗10克，白糖少许，一起煎成汤，对痈有一定疗效；④蒲公英玉米汤：蒲公英60克，玉米蕊60克，加水浓缩煎服或代茶饮，用于治疗热淋，小便短赤。 蒲公英药用价值
蒲公英-原植物蒲公英又称尿床草，为菊科植物蒲公英Toraxacum mongolicum Hand. Mazz.、碱地蒲公英Toraxacum borealisinense Kitam. 或同属数种植物的干燥全草。对于利尿可是有非常好的效果,它具有丰富的维生素A和C及矿物质，对消化不良、便秘都有改善的作用,另外叶子还有改善湿疹、舒缓皮肤炎、关节不适的净血功效,根则具有消炎作用，可以治疗胆结石、风湿,不过在没有专业医师指导下还是不要擅自使用为佳,花朵煎成药汁可以去除去雀斑，可说是非常有用的一种香药草,新鲜蒲公英要选择叶片干净、略带香气者，干燥蒲公英则选颜色灰绿、无杂质、干燥者. 蒲公英属菊科属多年生草本植物。是药食兼用的植物。据《本草纲目》记载，它性平味甘微苦，有清热解毒、消肿散结及催乳作用，对治疗乳腺炎十分有效。无论煎汁口服，还是捣泥外敷，皆有效验。此外，蒲公英还有利尿、缓泻、退黄疸、利胆等功效，被广泛应用于临床。《本草纲目》有句云：“蒲公英嫩苗可食，生食治感染性疾病尤佳。”《神农本草经》、《唐本草》、《中药大辞典》等历代医学专著均给以高度评价。蒲公英含有丰富的营养价值，含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、微量元素及维生素等。 蒲公英做药材 蒲公英皱缩卷曲的团块，根圆柱形，多弯曲长3~7cm，棕褐色，根头部有茸毛，叶破碎，完整叶片为倒披针形，暗灰绿色或绿褐色，边缘浅裂或具有羽状缺刻，基部下延成柄状，下表面主脉明显，花葶1至数条，头状花序顶生，黄褐色或淡黄白色，有的可见多数具有白色冠毛的长椭圆形瘦果，气微，味微苦. 药用部位：干燥的全草。
文学活动：蒲公英（大班） 活动目标： 1、在观察认识蒲公英的基础上，能欣赏散文，理解散文优美的词句和比喻句。 2、能用绘画等形式表达自己对作品的理解。 3、能有感情地朗诵散文。 活动准备： 1、幼儿观察过蒲公英，了解它的外形特征。 2、录音机、配乐磁带、水彩笔、油画棒、白纸 活动过程： 1、活动导入 教师提出话题：“我们看到的蒲公英是什么样的？”引出散文的名字。 2、教师朗诵作品，幼儿初步感受作品 教师朗诵作品，并提问：“蒲公英是在什么季节开花？散文里说青草地上怎么样？我最喜欢什么？蒲公英开着什么颜色的小花朵？” 3、教师再次朗诵作品，并帮助幼儿初步理解作品 要求幼儿认真倾听，教师再次朗诵作品，并提问：“散文里说：多么有趣的蒲公英，它什么地方有趣？散文里是怎么说的？” 提问：“田野的风吹来，它怎么样？”（帮助幼儿理解“飞扬”和“比柳絮还轻”一句）“飞着飞着，它又怎么样了？为什么说它像一片片雪花？”（帮助幼儿理解“轻盈地降落”，可请幼儿用动作表演出来。） 4、通过讨论，进一步帮助幼儿理解作品。 教师举例说明什么是比喻句。然后讨论：“为什么说花托结出的种子像雪白的绒毛球似的球？”“为什么飞着飞着，又像一片片雪花？”“你觉得散文听起来怎么样？为什么很优美？” 教师帮助幼儿归纳词语丰富、语句优美的特点。 5、再次欣赏作品 幼儿听录音一遍，再次完整欣赏作品。 6、多种方式学习有感情地朗诵作品。 略 附作品： 草地上开着许多野花，我最喜欢蒲公英。 蒲公英开着黄色的小花朵，多么有趣的蒲公英。花朵凋谢后，花托上能结出雪白的绒毛似的球。田野的风吹着，那雪白的绒毛在天空中发扬起来，比柳絮还要轻。飞着飞着，又像一朵朵雪花轻盈地降落下来。
关于蒲公英的资料 篇一：蒲公英药效与吃法 蒲公英药效与吃法 蒲公英——春天最好的“排毒草” 蒲公英在春季里能给您的生命一股清新的力量，因为她的苦，才有更多的甜可以尝得出 来！这和人生的道理是一样的。您一定要相信大自然会给您无穷的力量，哪怕是匍匐地面的小 草，都那么神奇、有力量，譬如，最不起眼的蒲公英。 蒲公英是嗓子疼的救兵 同属草类，蒲公英是“草根”形象，比起“冬虫夏草”相形见绌。可是，后者虽说可以提高 免疫力，但是对嗓子上火、扁桃体发炎却是无能为力，而且，还会加重上火势头。这时，“救 兵”非蒲公英莫属。 这里，感谢一个西安的中医世家，是他告诉我，蒲公英是治小儿扁桃体炎的良方。 蒲公 英对慢性病有奇效 对于女人来说，蒲公英也是她们的贵人。我常常建议我的女客人，春天到夏天，多吃点 鲜蒲公英。为什么？因为蒲公英通肝经，祛火，消炎。女性现在百分之八九十都有乳腺增生， 主要原因就是肝郁。而如果照我说的，吃上 6 个月凉拌蒲公英，到秋天，大多人的乳房就会柔 软很多。如果坐月子得了乳腺炎，恰好能买着鲜蒲公英的话，捣碎了敷在上面，就很有 效。 我有一个女同学，从加拿大回来做海归，结果不到三年就给累趴了，得了肾炎。我劝她回 加拿大休养一段时间，并送给她一盒野生蒲公英的根，让她煮水喝。半年后，她发来邮件，告 知其各项指标都已正常，让我放心。还告诉我，在加拿大，蒲公英是正式被注册为有利尿作用 的草药，也可以买到，就不用费心从国内寄了。 我这里解释一下， 蒲公英通淋、 解毒作用不错， 女人在夏天喝水少， 最容易惹上尿道炎， 赶快买上一两，煮水，喝上一大壶，很快就好了。 慢性肝炎的人，在中国占的比例相当大，转成肝癌的几率也不小。如果服用三年生以上 的蒲公英茶，辅助治疗的效果还是很不错的。 据说，中医用蒲公英治疗糖尿病，效果也很好，无副作用。其实，所有苦、涩、寒的碱 性食物，都是糖尿病的克星。而且，从能量角度来看，养肝补肾的法子，对糖尿病都是有治疗 作用的。 春天的蒲公英食疗价值最高 蒲公英在春天是最美的，这里我说的不是她的姿色在春天最撩人，而是她的味道。 如果 要品她的味儿，获得她抗癌、清火、消炎的食疗能量，最好是选择在初春的四五月间，蒲公英 开花之前采下，也就是不要等到她熬成婆婆再摘采。 鲜的蒲公英是活的春色，所以有很多美味的吃法供我们享受。
《蒲公英》教学反思 《蒲公英》是一则童话故事，全文采用拟人的手法，写蒲公英的种子对太阳公公的嘱咐有不同的想法和做法，结果他们的命运也各不同从而告诉人们做事不要被表面现象所迷惑，有时，有必要听从长辈的正确教导。 遵循新课标“以人为本，促进个体和谐发展”的基本理 论，根据课标对中年级阅读教学的阶段要求和苏教版教材编写的意图。以尊重学生情感，张扬学生个性为立足点，围绕“读好书”这一教学重点进行教学。让学生主动积极的思维和情感活动，加深对课文的理解和体验。通过读中悟，悟中读，使学生获得思想启迪，享受审美乐趣。故确定本节课的教学目标为：认知目标一一理解重点词语，会用“嘱咐”造句。技能目标能正确、流利、有感情的朗读课文。情感 目标一一通过朗读感悟，明白我们看事物应当全面，不能被事物美丽的外表所迷惑。有时，有必要听从长辈的正确教导。重点是有感情地朗读课文，读中悟，悟中读。难点是通过朗读感悟，明白我们看事物应当全面，不能被事物美丽的外表所迷惑。 我执教的这节课主要体现了以下三个新课改的理念： 一、培养学生收集并处理信息的能力。 语文是实践性很强的课程，应着重培养学生的语文实践能 力，使学生的视野更开阔。因上此新课前，我让学生把通
过各种途径收集到的资料在小组内交流，把自己小组认为比较有价值的资料与人共享，体现”大语文观“。 二、以读为本，读中感悟，悟中再读。 依据阅读教学特点和低年级学生阅读的认知规律，这节课突破了传统的教学模式，避免繁琐的内容分析，以读代讲，充分发挥朗读对理解课文内容、发展语言、陶冶情感的作用。引导学生与文本对话，把文本读正确，把自己的感觉读出来。通过个性化的朗读对学生进行语感训练。如：教学第一自然段时，我创设朗读情境，指导学生朗读：这些蒲公英的种子在微风的吹拂下离开了妈妈的怀抱。他们要到广阔的天地中去，也许要到天涯海角。如果你 们现在都是蒲公英种子，一阵阵风吹过，你们飞到了天空中，朵朵白云从你们身旁飘过，你感觉怎么样？所谓一千个读者就有一千个哈姆雷特。教学中我尊重学生在学习过程中的情感体验。学生是怎么理解的就怎么读出来。这也就是我们平时所说的“读进去理解课文，读出来表达情感） 三、以人为本，倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式。 《语文课程标准》指出：阅读是学生个性化的行为。在教学中我充分认识到这一点，没有把课文蕴含的道理简单地灌输给学生，而是组织学生展开讨论。这些蒲公英种子为什么会有这样的不同结果？在讨论过程中尊重学生的体验，鼓励学生畅所欲言，把自己的感悟体验进行交流，让学生在积极的思维和情感活
大班散文欣赏《蒲公英》 苏州市相城区蠡口中心幼儿园杨志群【设计意图】散文《蒲公英》篇幅短小，易于幼儿理解与朗诵。散文中巧妙地运用比喻的修辞手法，将蒲公英形象地比喻成“球、柳絮、雪花”，并借助“飞扬、轻盈”等优美词汇，将作者对蒲公英的喜爱之情充分渲染出来，表现出作者热爱大自然、向往田园生活的质朴情感。大班幼儿具备一定的生活经验，也积累了一些简单的形容词汇，具有一定的想象力和感悟力，在成人的逐步引导下，能够由浅入深地感知并体验到散文中所蕴涵的语言美和意境美，有助于提升幼儿文学欣赏能力及审美情趣。 【活动目标】 1、初步了解散文的内容，感受散文中所蕴涵的语言美、意境美。 2、理解散文中“比喻”手法的巧妙运用，体验蒲公英的轻盈和优美。 3、萌发热爱大自然的美好情感。 【活动准备】 1、经验准备：幼儿观察过蒲公英，了解它的外形特征，熟悉它的生长过程。 2、物质准备：“蒲公英”、“柳絮飞扬”的视频短片、根据散文内容设计的PPT课件、 班德瑞的《山涧》（MP3音乐）。 【活动过程】 一、欣赏视频短片，初步感知散文中“蒲公英”的形象美。 1、欣赏“田野里的蒲公英”视频短片，引导幼儿观察、发现生活中的“蒲公英”的 形象美。 师：你知道这一种植物的名称叫什么？请你看一段关于“田野里的蒲公英”的小片段，你可以一边看，一边想：田野里的蒲公英到底长什么样？你感觉蒲公英在什么时候是最美丽的？ 2、交流与分享：欣赏“蒲公英”视频短片后的审美感受。 师：你觉得田野里的蒲公英美吗？蒲公英在什么时候是最美丽的？ 二、听赏教师诵读，逐步感受散文《蒲公英》的语言美。 1、在音乐伴奏下，教师声情并茂地朗诵散文《蒲公英》。 师：有一篇很好听的散文就叫《蒲公英》，我们一起来欣赏一下。请你一边听，一边想：你喜欢这篇散文吗？听了这篇散文，你有什么感觉？ 2、交流与分享：听赏教师诵读散文《蒲公英》后的审美感受。 师：听了这篇散文，你有什么感觉？
蒲公英的秘密 主题背景 幼儿对大自然充满了好奇心.大自然有各种各样的植物,蒲公英也是其中一种.记得童年时对蒲公英就很好奇.它们看起来毛茸茸的.一碰,一吹,那绒球就会分散.如同降落伞,又似羽毛般轻盈.孩子对飞絮的好奇，近段时间蒲公英的飞絮漫天飞舞，孩子们最大的乐趣就是在活动时捉飞絮。而蒲公英在幼儿园里又是随处可见，于是生成了《蒲公英》主题活动。主题目标 1.认识蒲公英，了解其特征和用途，培养幼儿对身边野生植物的兴趣。 2.了解蒲公英种子传播的方式。 3.发展幼儿的观察能力、语言表达能力和想象力。 主题墙设置 1.在图书区为孩子投放蒲公英的图片、儿歌、故事。 2.美工区为孩子投放美工材料及蒲公英图片，供孩子创作。 3.主题墙教师布置蒲公英的板块。 家长工作 1带领孩子到户外寻找蒲公英。 2.和孩子一起扑捉飞絮，观察蒲公英种子的特点。 主题活动安排 活动一蒲公英（综合） 活动二长长长（科学） 活动三蒲公英（散文） 活动四飞絮漫天（美工） 活动五我是小小蒲公英（舞蹈） 活动名称：蒲公英 活动目标 1.认识蒲公英，了解其特征和用途，培养幼儿对身边野生植物的兴趣。 2.发展幼儿的观察力，口语表达能力和想象力。 活动准备 1.带幼儿到野外采摘不同形状的蒲公英。 2.画册 活动过程 一，认识蒲公英 1.采摘蒲公英，对蒲公英的叶子的形状进行初步观察。 2.观察比较不同形状的蒲公英。 3.介绍蒲公英的有关知识。 二，故事，蒲公英姑娘 1．教师讲故事。 2．幼儿思考： （1）是谁救了全村人的命？ （2）蒲公英姑娘变成了什么？ 4.说一说，蒲公英有哪些用途。（可做中药，可作饲料） 三．学儿歌 翻看《画册》，看图画，学儿歌。 四．活动延伸： 组织幼儿观察蒲公英的成长过程，并有意识的让幼儿进行记录。 活动反思： 蒲公英是一种常见的野生植物，幼儿园，田地里，到处可见他的身影。活动就从找野菜开始。当我拿着孩子找到的蒲公英向幼儿介绍时，孩子们听得可认真了。布置作业时让家长带着孩子观察蒲公英，同时向家长介绍蒲公英。第二天来园，家长欣喜的对我说：孩子还给我介绍蒲公英呢！从家长的神情中可以看到家长有多自豪。 第二天来园后，好多孩子手中拿着蒲公英的叶子和小花。湘南说：“老师，蒲公英的叶子有锯齿型的，还有卵形的，他们的叶子长得不一样。”雨涵说：它的叶子可以止血，我妈
蒲公英的五大药理作用 在中医中蒲公英是非常常见的一味中草药，内服外用都有很好的疗效。在多本医书中都有蒲公英的药理功效。比如在《本草经疏》中就主要指出蒲公英清热解毒，对于妇女有很好的治疗乳痛和解乳毒之功效;在《本草衍义补遗》中主要指出能够解食毒和消肿;在《本草纲目》中特意指出蒲公英不仅有治病的作用，在养生保健上也有乌发，壮骨之功效。 1. 抗病原微生物作用 蒲公英注射液在试管内对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药菌株、溶血性链球菌有较强的杀菌作用, 对肺炎双球菌、脑膜炎球菌、白喉杆菌、绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌等及卡他球菌亦有一定的杀菌作用.蒲公英提取液(1:400)在试管内能抑制结核菌.蒲公英水煎剂(1:80)能延缓ECHO11 病毒细胞病变.蒲公英醇提取物31mg/kg 能杀死钩端螺旋体.水浸剂对多种皮肤真菌有抑制作用.煎剂给大鼠口服, 吸收良好, 尿中能保持一定的抗菌作用. 2. 保肝、利胆作用
动物实验表明: 用蒲公英煎剂灌胃或用蒲公英注射液注射, 对四氯化碳引起的谷丙转氨酶升高有明显抑制作用;能显著缓解四氯化碳性肝损伤引起的组织学改变.有报道指出, 蒲公英在动物身上有利胆作用.蒲公英液灌胃能使胆囊收缩, 奥狄括约肌松弛, 有利于胆汁排入肠中.临床上对慢性胆囊痉挛及结石症有效. 3. 抗胃溃疡作用 蒲公英煎剂给大鼠灌胃对应激性溃疡有显著保护作用;对无水乙醇所引起的大鼠胃黏膜损伤亦有显著保护作用;并能明显对抗幽门结扎大鼠胃溃疡的形成.当蒲公英与党参、川芎配伍时有协同抗胃溃疡的效果, 三者构成复方抗溃疡作用更强.有报道指出, 此复方抗胃溃疡与胃黏膜损伤作用的机制可能与影响胃组织内源性PGE2含量有关. 4. 对免疫功能的作用 蒲公英煎剂在体外能显著提高人外周血淋巴细胞母细胞转化率.蒲公英多糖能显著增强艾氏癌及MM46肿瘤细胞抗原所致小鼠脚垫迟发型超敏反应强度, 并有给药时间越往后越有效的特点, 即于抗原刺激后的第11～20日给药或2～
蒲公英的功效与作用 蒲公英药性 药用蒲公英为菊科多年生草本植物蒲公英及其多种同属植物的带根全草，在我国全国各地广泛的分布，为广大人民群众所熟悉，作为常用草药广泛的应用。 其性寒、味甘苦，有清热解毒、消肿散结、利湿退黄之功效，常配伍金银花、紫花地丁、野菊花等治疗痈肿疔毒；配伍鱼腥草、芦根、冬瓜仁治疗肺痈咳吐脓痰；配伍茵陈治疗湿热黄疸；配伍金钱草、白茅根治疗小便淋沥涩痛，单用（鲜品内服和捣敷）治疗乳痈。古人认为其“主妇人乳痈肿，水煮饮之及封之”（《新修本草》），“专治乳痈、疔毒，亦为通淋之妙品”（《本草备要》）。 蒲公英的传说 关于蒲公英的名称及广泛用于治疗乳痈还有一个美丽的传说：从前，黄河岸边住着一位姓蒲的员外，蒲员外膝下只有一女名公英。她美丽善良，与丫环翠儿亲如姐妹。一年，公英突发高烧，四处求医，仍不见效，直到临终前公英才羞涩地告诉翠儿乳房肿痛难忍，原来她患的是乳痈。 小姐死后，翠儿念及主仆情深，常到坟前祭奠。来年春天，她意外地发现小姐的坟头生出一片从未见过的野草，金黄色的花瓣宛若公英美丽的笑靥。秋后，野草的种子随风飘落，播散大地。次年中原大旱，百草枯萎，而这种野草却绿染荒原。 一天，翠儿不幸也患了乳痈，在祭奠小姐时晕到在坟前，朦胧中她听到一个熟悉的声音：“坟头野草，非同寻常；既治乳疾，又度饥荒。”翠儿醒来既惊又疑，心想莫非是小姐在点化自己？她试着采些野草回家食用，果然数日后乳痈渐愈。 其后，翠儿用这种草治好了许多的乳痈患者，人们由此草的好处联想到它的来历，认为它就是美丽善良的公英小姐的化身，因此就称它为“蒲公英”。 蒲公英各家论述 1.《本草经疏》：蒲公英昧甘平，其性无毒。当是入肝入胃，解热凉血之要药。乳痈属肝经，妇人经行后，肝经主事，故主妇人乳痈肿乳毒，并宜生暖之良。 2.《本草述》：蒲公英，甘而微余苦，是甘平而兼有微寒者也。希雍有曰：甘平之剂点朗肝肾。'昧此一语，则知其入胃而兼入肝肾矣，不然，安能凉血、乌须发，以合于冲任之血脏乎?即是思之，则东垣所谓肾经必用者，尤当推而广之，不当止以前所主治尽之也。 3.《本草新编》：蒲公英，至贱而有大功，借世人不知用之。阳明之火，每至燎原，用白虎汤以泻火，未免太伤胃气。盖胃中之火盛，由于胃中士衰也，泻火而土愈衰矣。故用自虎汤以泻胃火，乃一时之极宜，而不可恃之为经久也。蒲公英亦泻胃火之药，但其气甚平，既能泻火，又不损土，可以长服久服而无碍。凡系阳明之火起者，俱可大剂服之，火退而胃气自生。但其泻火之力甚微，必须多用，一两，少亦五、六钱，始可散邪辅正耳。或问，蒲公英泻火，止泻阳明之火，不识各经之火，亦可尽消之乎?曰，火之最烈者，无过阳明之焰，阳明之火降，而各经余火无不尽消。蒲公英虽非各经之药，而各经之火，见蒲公英而尽伏，即谓蒲公英能消各经之火，亦无不可也。或问，蒲公英与金银花，同是消痈化疡之物，二物毕竟孰胜?夫蒲公英止入阳明、太阴二经，而金银花则无经不入，蒲公英不可与金银花同于功用也。然金银花得蒲公英而其功更大。 4.《医林纂要》：蒲公英点能化热毒，解食毒，消肿核，疗疔毒乳痈，皆泻火安上之功。通乳汁，以形用也。固齿牙，去阳阴热也。人言一茎两花，高尺许，根下大如拳，旁有人形拱抱，捣汁酒和，治噎隔神效。吾所见皆一茎一花，亦鲜高及尺者，然以治噎膈。
蒲公英小班科学教案 【篇一：科学教研活动】 2012——2013学年度第二学期 科学教研组活动 ——小班科学说课稿：蒲公英的旅行 一、说教材 1.设计意图：小孩子对自然界的事物充满好奇心，偶然发现小朋友 对路边生长的蒲公英很感兴趣。《新纲要》指出，科学教育应密切 联系幼儿的实际生活，用身边的事物作为科学探索的对象。所以， 我顺应孩子的兴趣，将生活中的常见的蒲公英作为探究对象，让幼 儿都能运用多种感官，多种方式进行探索，引导幼儿用自己的方式 表达自己所发现的现象，培养幼儿用多种方式表现、交流探索过程 和结果。 2.目标定位：在《纲要》中指出，五大领域的内容相互渗透，从不 同的角度促进幼儿情感、态度、能力、知识技能等方面的发展。因此，根据幼儿年龄特点和实际情况，我制定了一下三个目标： （1）通过观察萌发幼儿对蒲公英的兴趣。 （2）运用多种感官认识蒲公英，用自己的方式表啊对蒲公英的认识。（3）通过对蒲公英的观察，初步了解蒲公英种子的传播方式。 3.教学重难点：让孩子学会用多种感官感知蒲公英的外部特征，并 用自己的方式表达出来。 4.活动准备：蒲公英、教学挂图。 二、说教法 在《新纲要》中指出，教师应成为幼儿学习活动的支持者、合作者、引导者，关注幼儿在活动中的表现和反应，敏感的察觉他们的需要，及时以适当的方式应答，形成合作探究式的师生互动，因此，我采 用了以下教法： 识讲解是不可缺少的。 2.演示法：对于此次活动中的一些感官探究蒲公英的方法，有些幼 儿可能不懂，因此教师的演示探究，减少了幼儿盲目探究的可能性。 三、说学法: 《纲要》中指出，要尽量创造条件让幼儿实际参加探究活动，使他 们感受科学探究的过程和方法，体验探索的乐趣。因此，此次活动中，幼儿的具体学法有：
蒲公英的化学成分和药理作用 赵守训 杭秉倩 (中国药科大学 南京 210009) 摘 要 本文对蒲公英的化学成分及其药理作用作了综合性的介绍。为蒲公英的综合利用和产品开发提供科学依据。 关键词 蒲公英;化学成分;药理作用 蒲公英始载于《唐本草》,《图经本草》作仆公罂,《本草纲目》作地丁。为菊科植物蒲公英Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.Mazz.、碱地蒲公英Taraxacum sinicum K itag.或同属数种植物的干燥全草。味苦、甘,性寒。具清热解毒,消肿散结,利尿通淋之功效。用于疔疮肿毒,乳痈,瘰疬,目赤,咽痛,肺痈,肠痈,湿热黄疸,热淋涩痛。 蒲公英属Taraxacum Webar.全世界约2000余种。我国有70种,1变种。其中以蒲公英T.mon2 golicum分布最广,几遍及全国多数地区。药蒲公英T.o fficinale Wigg分布于欧洲、北美,在我国新疆有产[1]。 1 化学成分 蒲公英属植物一些种的根含有蒲公英甾醇、蒲公英赛醇、豆甾醇、谷甾醇、胆碱、有机酸、菊糖、橡胶等。 药蒲公英的根中含有蒲公英甾醇(T araxasterol)、蒲公英赛醇(T araxerol)(1)、φ蒲公英甾醇(φ2T axaxas2 terol)、β2香树脂醇(β2Amyrin)、豆甾醇(stigamasterol)、谷甾醇(β2sitosterol)[2]、菊糖(Inulin)[3]、胆碱(Choline)、对羟基苯乙酸(P2Hgdroxy2phenyl2acetic acid)、咖啡酸(caffeic acid)、棕榈酸(Palmitic acid)、蜡酸(Cerotic acid)、蜂蜜酸(Melissic acid)、油酸(Oleic acid)、亚油酸(Linoleic acid)、亚麻酸(Linolenic aeid)苦味素B(T araxacerin)、苦味素P(T araxacin)、果糖(Lavulose)及少量挥发油和苦杏仁酶类成分[4],树脂(4%)、橡胶(3%)[5];又分得一个酰化丁内酯甙2蒲公英甙(T araxacoside2β2O2[42O2(P2hydroxy2phenyl2 acetyl)β2D2glucopyranoyl]2β2hydroxy2butyrolactone) (2)[6]。 药蒲公英根及地上部分中,分到蒲公英桉烷内 酯(4α,15,11β,132T etrahydroridentin B)(3)、蒲公英内酯甙(T araxacolide21’2O2β2D2glucopyranoside)、蒲公英吉玛酸甙(T araxinic21′2O2β2D2glucopyranoside)(4)、二氢蒲公英吉玛酸甙(11,132Dihydrotaraxinic21’2O2β2 glucopyranoside)、ψ蒲公英甾酸乙酸酯(ψ2T araxastergl acetate)、β2谷甾醇及其葡萄糖甙(β2Sitosterin2β2D2glu2 copyranoside)[n] 药蒲公英叶中含有木犀草素272葡萄糖甙(Lute2 olin272glucopyranoside,C osm ossiin)[8];测试有近二十种氨基酸,以天冬氨酸(Asparatic acid)、谷氨酸(G lutam2 ic acid)含量为多[9];色素有叶黄素(Lutein)、堇菜黄素(Violaxanthin)[10]、叶绿醌(Plasm oguinone)[11]。 花中有蒲公英黄素(T araxanthin)[12]、毛茛黄素(Flavaxanthin)[13]、菊黄素(Chrysanthemaxanthin)[14];花柄中有β2谷甾醇、β2香树脂醇[15];花瓣中测试有隐黄素(Cryptoxanthin)及其环氧化合物,叶黄素及其环氧化合物,玉蜀黍黄素(Z eaxanthin)、百合黄素(Antheraxanthin)、堇菜黄素、新黄素(Neoxanthin),多半与一些常见的饱和脂肪酸形成单酯或双酯[16];花中甾醇约0.08%[17];花粉中脂类皂化物中,总脂肪酸7.3%,其中以棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、山嵛酸(Behenic acid)为多[18]。 全草测试有核黄素(Riboflavin)[19]香豆雌醇(C oumestrol)[20];含有多种氨基酸[21]、胆碱[22]及微量无机元素[23];其地上部分的热水浸出物中得到多糖“T af2CFr”约5%[24]。 附:日本产蒲公英(T.japonicum K oidz.)的根中有三萜类的脂酸酯(0.14%)、乙酰酯类(0.62%)、单醇类(0.19%),其中乙酰酯类化合物中有:蒲公英赛醇乙酰酯(T araxeryl acetate,占乙酰酯总量的3.7%),蒲公英甾醇乙酰酯(T araxasteryl acid,29.5%),α2香树 1 蒲公英的化学成分和药理作用
27 蒲公英 【基础练习】 1.给加点字注音。 聘．请( ) 炮．制( ) 寻觅．( ) 蹂躏 ．．( )( ) 答案:pìn páo mìróu lìn 2.解释下列词谙。 (1)如法炮制：________________________________________ (2)蹂躏：________________________________________ 答案:(1)依照成法炮制药剂，泛指照现成的方法办事。(2)践踏，比喻用暴力欺压、侮辱、侵害。 3.填空。 (1)《蒲公英》的作者是日本小说家、儿童文学家________，她的作品主要有长篇小说《________》、《________》等。 (2)文章开头以童谣领起，结尾又以童谣作结，既加强了文章的抒情性，又将和平时的欢乐和________作强烈的对比，突出了________的主题。 答案:(1)壶井荣二十四只眼睛没有母亲的孩子和没有孩子的母亲(2)战时的悲惨反战 4.散见于本文的事情，按时间顺序，应该是：①童年玩蒲公英的欢乐，②八年前战争激烈时寻野草、吃蒲公英、种蒲公英，③次年收养了“蒲公英儿子”，④眼前给小儿子吹蒲公英的茸毛。课文里出现这些事的顺序是________。(填序号即可) 答案:①④②③ 【能力提高】 一、阅读下列文字，回答问题。 我爱它这忍耐的坚强和朴实的纯美，曾经移植了一棵在院里，如今已经八年了。虽说爱它而移植来的，可是动机并不是为风雅或好玩。在战争激烈的时候，我们不
是曾经来回走在田地里寻觅野菜来吗?那是多么悲惨的时代!一向只当做应时野菜来欣赏的鸡筋菜、芹菜，都不能算野菜，变成美味了。 我们乱切一些现在连名儿都记不起来的野菜，掺在一起煮成难吃得碗都懒得端的稀糊来，有几次吃的就是蒲公英。据新闻杂志的报道，把蒲公英在开水里烫过，去了苦味就好吃了。我们如法炮制过一次，却再没有勇气去找来吃了。就在这一次把蒲公英找来当菜的时候，我偶然忆起儿时唱的那首童谣，就种了一棵在院子里。 蒲公英当初是不大愿意被迁移的，它紧紧扒住了根旁的土地，因此好像受了很大的伤害，我们曾经以为它枯死了呢，可是过了不久，又眼看着有了生气，过了两年居然开出美丽的花来了。原以为蒲公英是始终趴在地上的，没想到移到土壤松软的菜园之后，完全像蔬菜一样，绿油油的嫩叶冲天直上，真是意想不到的。蒲公英只因为长在路旁，被践踏、被蹂躏，所以才变成了像趴在地上似的姿势的吗? 从那以后，我家院子里蒲公英一族就年复一年地繁殖起来。 “府上真新鲜，把蒲公英种在院子里啦。” 街坊的一位太太来看蒲公英时这样笑我们。其实，我并不是有心栽种蒲公英的，只不过任它繁殖罢了。我那个像孙子似的儿子来我家，也和蒲公英一样的偶然。这个刚满周岁的男孩子，比蒲公英迟一年来到我家。 男孩子和紧紧扒住扎根的土地、不肯让人拔的蒲公英一样，他初来时万分沮丧，没有一点儿精神。这个“蒲公英儿子’，被夺去了抚养他的大地。战争从这个刚一周岁的孩子身上夺去了父母。我要对这战争留给我家的两个礼物，发出无声的呼唤：“须知你们是从被践踏、被蹂躏里，勇敢地生活下来的，今后再遭践踏、再遭蹂躏，还得勇敢地生活下去，却不要再尝那已经尝过的苦难吧!” 我怀着这种情感，和我那孙子一般的小儿子吹着蒲公英的茸毛： “提灯笼，掌灯笼，聘姑娘，扛箱笼……” 1.“我爱它这忍耐的坚强和朴实的纯美”，这句话中“它”指什么?这句话抒发了作者什么样的思想感情? ________________________________________________________________ 2.作者写移植到菜园里的蒲公英的长势与生在路旁时全然不同，有什么寓意吗?
大班语言活动：蒲公英 活动目标: 1、在观察认识蒲公英的基础上幼儿欣赏散文，学会有感情地朗诵散文。 2、引导幼儿了解散文优美的词句和比喻句。 3、陶冶幼儿情操，感受身边事物的美丽，激发幼儿对生命的热爱。 活动准备: 蒲公英课件，轻音乐 活动过程: 一、谈话导入，引出蒲公英。 师：孩子们，看这里有一张图片上面都有些什么呢 师：是的，有小草、小花。青草地上开着许多小野花，我最喜欢的是蒲公英。你们见过蒲公英吗蒲公英开着什么颜色的花呢 二、了解蒲公英 1、出示蒲公英的照片。蒲公英开着黄色的小花朵。 2、了解蒲公英的变化。师：日子一天天过去蒲公英会发生什么样的变化呢播放蒲公英变化的视频。师：它的花朵凋谢后，花托上出现了什么 三、欣赏散文诗 1、老师给小朋友带来了一篇散文，名字就叫蒲公英。教师边操作课件边朗诵散文《蒲公英》，请幼儿欣赏。 2、鼓励幼儿谈谈自己的初步感受。 提问：青草地上开着些什么 你最喜欢什么 蒲公英开着什么颜色的小花朵 师：散文中说“多么有趣的蒲公英啊！”蒲公英是怎么有趣的 3、再次提问，帮助幼儿进一步理解散文。 蒲公英什么地方有趣 田野的风吹来，它会怎样 飞着飞着，它又怎样了 4、在理解散文的基础上，再次欣赏散文诗，请幼儿讨论欣赏散文后的感受，并找出优美的词句。 问：你觉得散文听起来怎么样 你能找出优美的词和句子吗“花托上会结出雪白的绒毛似的球”，“飞着飞着，又像一片片雪花” 你为什么觉得这句话很美 5、鼓励幼儿大胆尝试复述散文，培养幼儿的语言表达能力。 师：那我们也用上比喻句，一起跟着音乐念一念这首优美的散文诗把。 四、知识迁移，初步引导幼儿尝试仿编，激发创作的欲望。 师：你们最喜欢什么花它是什么颜色的风儿一吹，xx花会像什么一样你们回去也把你们最喜欢的花编成优美的散文，好吗 附：散文《蒲公英》 青草地上开着许多小野花，我最喜欢蒲公英。蒲公英开着黄色的小花朵。 多么有趣的蒲公英。它的花朵凋谢后，花托上会结出雪白的绒毛似的球。田野的风吹着，那雪白的绒毛在天空中飞扬起来，比柳絮还要轻。飞着飞着，又像一片片雪花，从空中轻盈地
校本教材 学习补间动画的制作――随风飘落的蒲公英 教学目标 1、知识与技能： （1）理解动作补间动画的工作原理及图形元件的制作方法。 （2）学会创建动画补间动画。 （3）掌握动画补间动画相关属性的设置方法，能够灵活运用所学动画制作技巧，创作动画作品。 （４）通过制作有背景（层）的补间动画，熟悉补间动画的制作过程以及层在Flash动画中的作用，掌握运动类动画制作的一般方法。 2、过程与方法： （1）通过师生共同分析、对比实例，加深学生对于动作补间动画原理的理解； （2）让学生完成补间动画，使学生能够迅速掌握动作补间动画制作方法； （3）通过作品的创作培养学生探索创新能力和综合运用知识的能力。 3、情感态度与价值观： 体验作品创作成功的喜悦和成就感，激发学习flash的兴趣。教学重点：教学重点： 1、图形元件与影片剪辑元件的区别。 2、学会创建动画补间动画。 3、掌握动画补间动画相关属性的设置方法，能够灵活运用所学动画制作技巧，创作动画 作品。 教学难点：动作补间动画的制作方法。 教学方法与教学手段:： 讲授法、演示法、任务驱动法。教师演示讲解，学生练习，教师巡视指导。 教学过程 一、回顾旧知，导入新课 师：上节课我们学习制作的逐帧动画是按照时间顺序来描绘对象的每一帧变化，需要一帧一帧进行制作，如果我们每一个动画都这样制作，那得花费非常多的时间，并且非常麻烦。Flash 为我们提供了另外一种便捷、高效的动画制作方法——补间动画。 教师播放一些补间动画效果：小树长大、延伸的箭头、旋转的风车、变色的树等，由回顾逐帧动画制作的原理导出今天的学习内容；补间动画。 播放一些利用补间动画制作完成的简单的动画，让学生了解补间动画的应用还是比较广泛的。 二、新授课 （一）、添加背景层 1、用插入图层按钮；２、插入图层后，重命名为“背景层”； 3、从库中拖动背景图片到舞台