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高口试题

试卷十六(2004年9月)

上海市英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试

SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 MINUTES)

Part A: Spot Dictation

Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.

Every nation and region in the world has its own set of folk heroes. Sometimes, the heroes from _______ (1) are strikingly similar. When this is true, the stories connected with these figures can _______ (2) between two seemingly different cultures. Often, however, heroes from one culture or region are _______ (3). When this is the case, the heroic figure demonstrates the unique aspects of a specific people, not merely _______ (4) to similar circumstances. Now, in this lecture, we will look at a number of American folk heroes in order to focus on several aspects of _______ (5).

By folk heroes, we mean figures whose stories have evolved over time and whose legends cannot be _______ (6). Instead of being created by a single writer, folk heroes evolve through time and reflect the efforts and creativity of _______ (7). Of course, professional writers sometimes _______ (8) folk heroes, just as those who create folk heroes often incorporate aspects of _______ (9) into their stories. Nonetheless, folk heroes and the folklore concerning them are _______ (10) by people who perform _______ (11) their audiences. One example of this process might be the poet Homer reciting his heroic tales to a _______ (12) audience of ancient Greeks. This was a favorite form of entertainment long before _______ (13).

America is a diverse country in which various people and sub-cultures embrace their own unique history and lore. _______ (14) under these circumstances, a wide variety of heroes have become a part of _______ (15). Any yet many of these heroes share similarities that make them distinctively American, in spite of _______ (16). By focusing on these similarities, we can _______ (17) of America and its people.

For hundreds of years, Americans have struggled to understand their place in the New World. There were _______ (18) in the New World. In addition, the social and economic position of people was not as _______ (19) as in Europe, Africa and Asia. As a result, storytellers created heroes _______ (20) the unique opportunities and challenges that America provided.

Directions:In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.

1. (A) In the professor's home.

(B) In the professor's office.

(D) In the school library.

2. (A) Children always have the same accents as their mothers.

(B) Most adult language learners can lose their accents.

(D) There will be big misunderstandings if you speak with accents.

3. (A) He used the wrong stress.

(B) He used the wrong intonation.

(D) He spoke the word with a very different accent.

4. (A) Australian.

(B) British.

(D) South African.

5. (A) To drop the pronunciation class.

(B) To sign up for a listening / speaking class.

(D) To wait to make a decision about the pronunciation class.

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.

6. (A) Because of the accumulation of funds in the real estate market.

(B) Because of the rising house prices and government budget deficits.

(D) Because of the increase in the number of the houses being sold.

7. (A) Business confidence will probably remain unchanged for the next year.

(B) Business confidence was the highest in May since April 2001.

falling in France.

(D) The index of confidence may have stayed at plus 5, the highest in 3 years.

8. (A) They will deliver solid earning results this year.

(B) They will break even at the end of this year.

(D) They reported mixed results for the year ended March 31.

9. (A) 50.

(B) 100.

(D) 200.

10. (A) A Korean patrol boat operated illegally in Japanese waters.

(B) A Korean fishing vessel overturned and the captain was fatally wounded.

(D) A Japanese fishing vessel was repeatedly ordered to stop operating in Korean waters.

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.

11. (A) Because the usage of the Internet is widespread now.

(B) Because Internet addiction is growing on college campuses.

(D) Because Internet addiction is less harmful than other addictions.

12. (A) She cannot go to sleep without surfing on the Net first.

(B) She and other people are surfing on the Net in the middle of the night.

(D) She isn't sure the exact amount of time is really the issue.

13. (A) People's work performance and school performance may be affected.

(B) People may lose social skills that make face-to-face relationships successful.

(D) People may have no time for taking walks and other leisure activities.

14. (A) Work performance.

(B) School performance.

(D) Mental health.

15. (A) Practice self-discipline.

(B) Have some sort of balance in life.

(D) Act upon your friend's advice.

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.

16. (A) In the late 1940s.

(B) In the early 1950s.

(D) In the early 1960s.

17. (A) Abstract Expressionism.

(B) The artistic movement that immediately preceded it.

(D) Mass-produced visual media and the design of common household objects.

18. (A) Abstract Expressionism was a very personal art.

(B) Abstract Expressionism was more easily accessible to the masses than Pop Art.

(D) Abstract Expressionism was a little bit influenced by Pop Art.

19. (A) To direct art from the personalities of the individual artists towards the world.

(B) To impose a unified symbolic meaning on his collection of materials.

(D) To set the stage for further development in Pop Art.

20. (A) Because their use of found objects and images from everyday life was innovative.

(B) Because they believed that these images reflected the cultural values of contemporary

society.

(D) Because they combined and repeated images from print media to make one single

artwork.

SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)

Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1-5

Valentine's Day is tomorrow, and we are all thinking about true love and heart-shaped chocolate candy. Well, maybe not all of us. Some of us, actually, are considering the quantifiable aspects of divorce. In America today, some 50 percent of marriages are predicted to end in divorce. And at the University of Washington in Seattle they say they can tell you exactly —well, almost exactly — which ones those will be.

A psychologist, a mathematician, and a pathologist have devised what they call a proven mathematical formula for detecting which relationships will go sour — thereby holding out hope that such couples can overcome their problems, and avoid divorce. "We have been able to predict that divorce will happen before [it does]. That's old news," says John Gottman, emeritus professor of psychology. "But what we have now is a scientific model for understanding why we can predict it with such accuracy."

The work marks the first time a mathematic model is being used to understand such deep personal human interactions, adds James Murray, professor of applied mathematics. "It is totally objective. And our prediction of which couples would divorce within a four-year period was 94 percent accurate." This is how it works: Couples face each other and discuss — each speaking in turn — a subject over which they have disagreed more than once in the past. They are wired to detect various physiological data, such as pulse rates, and they're also videotaped. A session lasts a mere 15 minutes. The research team watches and analyzes the tapes and data, awarding plus or

minus points depending on the type of interactions and according to a standard scoring system. Everything is then translated into equations and plotted on a graph, which the researchers have dubbed the "Dow-Jones Industrial Average for marital conversation." Once this is done, different situations are simulated and analyzed from the equations and graphs, and predictions are made.

Over the past 16 years more than 700 couples (at different stages of their marriages) took part in the research. But let's go back a moment. It all starts, say, with a chat about mothers-in-law —apparently one of the hot topics of contention among couples, along with money and sex, according to Dr. Murray. "The husband might say to his wife, 'Your mother really is a pain in the neck.' Well, that's a minus two points. A shrug, that's a no-no — so minus one. And rolled eyes — very negative; that's minus two." If however, the husband were to say, "Your mother is a pain in the neck…but she is sometimes funny," then, according to the researchers, you would take away two pints and then give one back. If the husband cracked a smile, he would get another point. At the end of all the additions and subtractions, a stable marriage is indicated by having five more positive points than negative ones. Otherwise, warns the team, the marriage is in trouble.

In trouble — but not doomed. The whole point of the model, says Dr. Gottman, is that it gives therapists new understanding with which they can help couples overcome patterns of interaction and prevent divorce. "What we are suggesting," says Murray, "is that couples who take this experiment then be told the prediction and realize they are going to have to both change their behavior and repair what is wrong."

Not everyone buys into this model. Bonnie Jacobson, a clinical psychologist and processor at New York University, says it is "absolutely impossible" to understand the workings of a relationship via a one-size-fits-all model. "For mostly every couple I have seen, it's hard to see how they got together in the first place," she says. "So unless you really get to know the nuanced dynamics, you will never 'get it' or be able to help."

Christine Fasano was married for only 14 months before getting a divorce last year. She agrees the dynamics of a relationship are nuanced and complex —but also sees merit in the University of Washington study's basic assumption that if one looks starkly at interaction between a couple, it is possible to ascertain whether the relationship is headed toward demise. "I'm not surprises the model works," she says. "It's actually not that profound. My basic observation of couples that are happily married is that they treat each other well. That is basically what they are saying, and that is hard to argue with."

So, any final advice for Valentine's Day from the divorce research team out in Washington? "I would never give advice on matters of the heart," says Murray, who, incidentally, has been married 45 years. "But I suppose the bottom line is, yes, communication. And being good to one another. That is nice to quantify."

1. The mathematical model is designed by these scientists ________.

(A) to figure out the of probability of divorce

(B) to predict and help avoid divorce

(D) on the basis of physiological data

2. Which of the following CANNOT be found about the mathematical formula?

(A) It is quite popular and has been widely accepted.

(B) It has been experimented with over 700 couples.

(D) It is proved useful as more marriages end in divorce.

3. In the sentence "Not every one buys into the model." (para.6) the expression "buys into" can

be interpreted as ________.

(A) pays to acquire

(B) supports fully

(D) understands and accepts

4. Christine Fasano is introduced in the passage because ________.

(A) her divorce was predicted and avoided by the formula

(B) her divorce proved the effectiveness of the mathematical model

(D) she argued that divorce could be prevented by frequent communication

5. The love equation employs all of the following methods EXCEPT ________.

(A) It is based on the analysis of recordings of marital conversation

(B) It uses and addition and subtraction system to record the data

(D) It uses the interviews of each of the spouses separately

Questions 6-10

When Timothy Spahr finally knocked off work on Jan.13, after more than 10 hours on the job, he figured he was at last done for the night. Spahr's task as an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center fro Astrophysics, in Cambridge, Mass., is to collect reports of asteroids that might one day pass near Earth. On that Tuesday, he had been processing observations from an automated telescope in New Mexico when he noticed a pinpoint of light that might fit the profile. He calculated the object's orbit and, as usual, posted the information on the Minor Planet Center website for other astronomers to see. Then he went off to dinner with a friends.

What happened next guaranteed that Spahr's workday wasn't nearly over. It also triggered a debate among astronomers about how quickly the public should be informed about dangers from space — and how sure scientists need to be before issuing such warnings. Several times in the past, sky watchers have announced that a rogue asteroid might threaten Earth — triggering the usual banner headlines — only to retract the warning a few days later. But while saying "never mind" is embarrassing, it would be much worse to keep a real danger quiet. And that's why Spahr's drawn-out workday was a prime topic of discussion at the Planetary Defense conference organized by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and held last week in Garden Grove, Calif.

While Spahr dined, a German amateur astronomer visited the Minor Planet website, noted the new object, called 2004 AS1, and noticed further that its brightness was expected to increase an almost unbelievable 4,000% in the next day or so — an indication that it was approaching with blistering speed. Then he plotted the orbit Spahr had calculated and realized that the chunk of rock, estimated at the time to be about 100 ft. across, was on a direct collision course with

Earth — specifically, somewhere in the northern hemisphere — and only days away. At that size, it would probably explode in the atmosphere a few miles up with the force of a one-megaton H-bomb, enough to wreak havoc on anything directly below.

When the German amateur posted an alert on an asteroid watchers e-mail list, astronomers around the world went into high gear. "By the time I got home at around midnight," says Spahr, "there were five messages waiting on my answering machine." Over the next several hours, he and others raced to try to figure out whether Earth truly was in danger. "All of us were initially very skeptical," says Clark Chapman, an astronomer at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo. "We thought it was a mistake or bad data or someone playing a trick."

But when Steve Chesley, at NASA'S Jet Propulsion Laboratory, checked Spahr's calculations, he came up with a 1-in-4 probability of a strike. "It was a responsible analysis," says Chapman. "It wasn't mistaken in any obvious way." There was one hitch: the asteroid's projected trajectory was based on only four observations over a one-hour period, hardly enough to be definitive. It would take another look to nail down its path.

Usually a threatening asteroid is potted years in advance. This time, with just days to spare, astronomers had to get their second look right away. So Chesley did some more calculations to find what's called the keyhole — the tiny region of sky where 2004 AS1 should be if the orbit was correct — and put those coordinates out on the Internet. "It clearly wasn't time to make an announcement," says Chapman, who denies a BBC report that he was on the verge of telephoning the White House that night. "But if we still didn't know the next morning, I think we would have been obliged to alert people."

Fortunately, the wait was not long. At around 3:30 E.T. that morning, Brian Warner, an amateur astronomer from Colorado Springs. Colo., aimed a telescope at the keyhole and found it was empty.2004 AS1 wasn't going to hit Earth after all, and probably never will — luckily, since it turns out to be more like 1,600 ft. across. Next time, Spahr won't be depending on a sharp-eyed amateur. "Within two days after the incident," he say, "we had software to check for future impacts automatically."

6. Which of the following cannot be concluded from the statement "What happened next

guaranteed that Spahr's workday wasn't nearly over." (para.2)?

(A) He continued work after dinner with a friend.

(B) He sent more information on the Minor Planet Center website.

(D) His approach led to heated debate and discussion.

7. "Spahr's drawn-out workday was a prime topic of discussion at the Planetary Defense

conference" (para.2) because ________.

(A) it is concerned with the protection of Earth from asteroids

(B) it leads to an important discovery in astronautics

(D) it caused panic and confusion among the general public

8. It can be found from the introduction of the German amateur astronomer that ________.

(A) his prediction of the asteroid's collision with Earth was out of imagination

(B) his calculation of the speed and direction of the asteroid was correct

(D) warnings of dangers from space should be cautious and careful

9. When NASA's Steve Chesleys reached the 1-in-4 probability of a strike from the asteroid,

he ________.

(A) supposed that the German amateur astronomer was playing a trick

(B) disagreed with the practice of giving such warnings so casually

(D) strongly proposed that action must be taken to defend Earth

10. Which of the following conveys the major message from the last two paragraphs?

(A) Amateurs and professional astronomers coordinate closely in their effort.

(B) The scientists reported to the White House about their discovery.

(D) It turned out that the 2004AS1 did not hit Earth as predicted by amateurs.

Questions 11-15

Twenty years ago there was panic in Cupertino, Calif. Only a week remained before the team of whiz kids designing Apple's radical new computer had to turn in the final code. The giant factory was ready. The soon-to-be-famous Super Bowl commercial was ready. But the computer wasn't.

As recounted by software wizard Andy Hertzfeld on a new cyberdigital history site (https://www.doczj.com/doc/ed10174690.html,), the already overworked Mac team trudged back to the cubicles for seven days of debugging hell, fueled by espresso chocolate beans and a dream. And on Jan.24, 1984, their leader, Apple confounder Steve Jobs, recited a verse from "The Times They Are A-Changin," then formally unveiled the Macintosh, a boxy little guy with a winning smile icon on its nine-inch monochrome screen. The Mac-oids fully expected to make computer history, and they did. What surprises them now is that their creation is still around two decades later.

Only nine years after the first personal computer (a build-it-yourself box whose only input was a set of switches), Apple's team had delivered an experience that would persist into the next century. This was the graphical user interface (GUI), a mind-blowing contrast to the pre-1984 standard of glowing green characters and arcane commands. Though Apple didn't come up with the idea of windows on a screen and a mouse to let people naturally manipulate information, the Macintosh refined and popularized those concepts. Lots of people criticized — and some made fun of — those advances at the time. But even Apple's rivals became convinced that the GUI was groovy. Now, no matter what computer you use, you're using, essentially, a Mac.

The original Mac was costly, underpowered and had no cursor keys. Early sales disappointed Apple, and the then CEO John Sculley fired Jobs in 1985. Eventually, Mac became equipped with more memory and storage, and people began to discover the machine's ability to become a tool for the new pursuit of desktop publishing. The machine began to take off. But the business world never warmed to Macintosh, and by the mid-90's tech pundits were crafting Apple obituaries. In 1997 prodigal cofounder Jobs returned and restored Apple's luster with innovations like the eye-popping iMac.

"I think Apple's now doing the best work it's ever done," says Jobs. "But all of us on the Mac team consider it the high point of our professional careers. I only wish we knew a fraction of what we know now." Even now for its 25 million users, the Macintosh is a source of passion. (Journalists know that a disparaging word about an iMac or a PowerBook will unleash a hundred

flames from rabid Apple-heads.) Steve Jobs thinks he knows why. "In the modern world there aren't a lot of products where the people who make them love them. How many products are made that way these days?"

If that's so, then why is the Mac market share, even after Apple's recent revival, sputtering at a measly 5 percent? Jobs has a theory about that, too. Once a company devises a great product, he says, it has a monopoly in that realm, and concentrates less on innovation that protecting its turf. "The Mac-user interface was a 10-year monopoly," says Jobs. "Who ended up running the company? Sales guys. At the critical juncture in the late '80s, when they should have gone for market share, they went for profits. They made obscene profits for several years. And their products became mediocre. And then their monopoly ended with Windows 95. They behaved like a monopoly, and it came back to bite them, which always happens."

A wicked smile cracks the bearded, crinkly Steve Jobs's visage, and for a moment he could be the playful upstart who shocked the world 20 years ago. "Hmm, look who's running Microsoft now," he says, referring to former Procter & Gamble marketer Steve Ballmer. "A sales guy!" The smile gets broader. "I wonder…" he says.

11. The sentence "their creation is still around two decades later." (para.2) can be paraphrased

as which of the following?

(A) Their creation is still being widely used 20 years later.

(B) They have been fascinated by their own creation for 20 years.

(D) Their creation has surpassed other models over the past 20 years.

12. In the sentence "that the GUI was groovy" (para.3), the word "groovy" can be interpreted as

________.

(A) fashionably modern

(B) practical and inexpensive

(D) odd and strange looking

13. When Steve Jobs thinks "he knows why" (para.5), he implies that ________.

(A) people do not love the product they make today

(B) Apple people have special passion for what they make

(D) Apple people either love iMac or PowerBook

14. According to Jobs, the main reason the Mac market share did not go up much was that

________.

(A) sales people were only concerned about profits

(B) the monopoly of Mac lasted too long

(D) market share and company profit were treated equally

15. The purpose of the passage is to tell ________.

(A) how the Macintosh was unveiled twenty years ago by the team of whiz kids

(B) Apple's popularizing the idea of windows on a screen and a mouse

(D) the ups and downs in the development of Macintosh over the past two decades

Questions 16-20

"Two centuries ago, Meriwether Lewis and William Clerk left St. Lois to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase," George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. "They made that journey in the spirit of discovery…America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons."

Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark's expedition and a Mars mission. First, Lewis and Clark were headed to a place amenable to life; hundred of thousands of people were already living there. Second, Lewis and Clark were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, the Lewis and Clark venture cost next to nothing by today's standards. In 1989 NASA estimated that a people-to-Mars program would cost $400 billion, which inflates to $600 billion today. The Hoover Dam cost $700 million in today's money, meaning the sending people to Mars might cost as much as building about 800 new Hoover dams. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.

The thought of travel to Mars is exhilarating. Surely men and women will someday walk upon that planet, and surely they will make wondrous discoveries about geology and the history of the solar system, perhaps even about the vary origin of life. Many times I have stared up at Mars in the evening sky — in the mountains, away from cities, you can almost see the red tint —and wondered what is there, or was there.

But the fact that a destination is tantalizing does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.

Present systems for getting from Earth's surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending or other important programs — or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists and biologists once on Mars could do little mare than analyze rocks and feel awestruck beholding the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyze by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.

It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration: pictures of the rings of Saturn and the outer planets, evidence of water on Mars and the moon of Jupiter, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush's proposal, which calls for "reprogramming" some of NASA's present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science — the one aspect of space exploration that's working really well.

Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade —or two decades, or however much time is required —researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and if advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, then the dreams of stepping onto the Red Planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.

The drive to explore is part of what makes us human, and exploration of the past has led to unexpected glories. Dreams must be tempered by realism, however. For the moment, going to Mars is hopelessly unrealistic.

16. According to the author, George Bush's comparison of Lewis and Clark's expedition and a

Mars mission ________.

(A) shows that both are of the same and immediate value

(B) encourages the American people to venture into space

(D) lacks sound and solid basis in his reasoning

17. The author tells us that human travel to Mars ________.

(A) would be probably realized in the near future

(B) should not be treated as the first priority today

(D) is not feasible in light of today's technology

18. According to the author, once on Mars, astronauts, geologists and biologists ________.

(A) could not make any remarkable discovery

(B) could only analyze the rocks there in detail

(D) could well understand the operation of the whole solar system

19. Bush listed major achievements of space exploration to support his proposal. The author

introduced this in order to show that ________.

(A) unmanned science will be much affected by manned space travel

(B) the reprogramming of NASA's budget into Mars effort is affordable

(D) space exploration is and will always be America's first priority

20. Which of the following supports the statement "For the moment, going to Mars is

hopelessly unrealistic."?

(A) Health care of the population should be the first priority.

(B) Technological barriers for humans to go to Mars will be insurmountable.

(D) Dreams are only dreams which can never be turned into reality.

SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)

Directions:Translate of the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

France today is no superpower, but French influence in some spheres significant. Nothing has cemented French influence in the world like the decision made by the victorious World War II powers in 1945 to include France as one of the five permanent, veto-wielding members of the Security Council. Until the end of the Cold War, France rarely found itself in disagreement with Britain or the U.S. on major issues. But the U.N. veto today takes on larger significance as France struggles to decide whether it wants to lead the European Union in defiance of American

power or in partnership with it.

As America's great media outlets have begun preparing for coverage of the D-Day celebrations, the question of a "grand gesture" by the French toward the American war in Iraq has been raised. Administration officials hint that, perhaps, just perhaps, the French President will use the occasion of France's rescue as an opportunity to square the accounts — to issue a blanket endorsement of America's plan for Iraq's future and throw its support behind the transfer of power looming at the end of the month. France certainly wants the United States to be successful in Iraq at this point. But France seems unlikely to see D-Day as an opportunity to make good on a 60-year-old debt. Beyond nice speeches and some truly fine cuisine, don't expect France to liberate America from Iraq.

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)

Part A: Note-taking And Gap-filling

Directions:In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk

Many different cultures exist in the world today, and so there are differences in socially acceptable business behavior throughout the world.

In some cultures it is socially ________ (1) to say "No" even when that is the ultimate answer. For example, ________ (2) businesspersons rarely say "No" to each other or to businesspeople from other cultures. But Americans will say no quickly, because they value ________ (3).

Personal ________ (4) points to another difference in culture. In Japan and some ________ (5) American countries business people like to stand ________ (6) together as they talk. They partially judge how close they are to ________ (7) in their business ________ (8) by how physically close they are standing or sitting next to each other. But Americans do not want other people invading their personal ________ (9).

Business cards also have different significance in various cultures. Japanese people take exchanging business cards as an important ________ (10). At a business gathering, they may spend ten to fifteen minutes exchanging cards, discussing each other's ________ (11) and experience, answering questions and ________ (12) each other. But American businesspeople tend to accept ________ (13) cards quickly and then put them into a coat ________ (14) with just a glance.

Ethical behavior in one culture may be ________ (15) in another. For example, in the United States, ________ (16) are both unethical and ________ (17). People who offer and accept bribes can be charged with ________ (18) activity and can be ________ (19) for these

crimes. But in other countries, bribes may be a more acceptable or even ________ (20) part of doing business.

Part B: Listening and Translation

1. Sentence Translation

Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

2. Passage Translation

Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.

(1)

(2)

SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)

Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read

and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

Questions 1-3

Stolen masterpieces are being used by crime gangs as "get out of jail free cards" to trade for more lenient sentences. The criminals stash paintings and other works of art and use them in plea bargaining for other offences, the head of the Metropolitan Police's arts and antiques unit has revealed. Detective Sergeant Vernon Rapley also disclosed that Scotland Yard had started compiling the country's first national police database of stolen works of art. He said: "Some have clearly been held as a 'get out of jail for free' by criminal gangs. There is clear evidence this has been done."

He explained: "If you bury the painting in a dustbin in a wood and you wait until you get arrested for another crime, such as armed robbery, you can tell the police you know about a 'nasty villain' who stole the painting, which could be worth ￡13m to ￡14m. If you are instrumental in the recovery of the painting you can get a credit from sentencing for the armed robbery. The concern is that it's becoming more common."

Alexandra Smith, director of operations at the Art Loss Register, a London-based company that holds the details of 140,000 stolen works of art from around the world, said that in some cases criminals probably stole famous paintings and then discovered they were impossible to sell because they were so easy to recognize. "What is more plausible is that criminals steal something valuable and find they cannot get rid of it, so when they are caught for another crime they trade the painting to commute the sentence."

Det Sgt Rapley, the head of the country's only dedicated stolen art squad, estimated that the trade in illicit art in Britain is worth about ￡1bn a year. To help crack down on the criminal enterprise, the Metropolitan Police is expanding its database and hopes to produce the first national register of stolen works. It currently has records of 50,000 stolen items and is encouraging other forces to add to the database.

Det Sgt Rapley said he hoped that by the end of the year the public would be able to access parts of the database to check for stolen items. He said the criminals who stole the paintings and artworks only made a fraction of the massive profits available for stolen art, getting at most about 10 per cent of the value. In one case a thief stole a silver beaker from a museum without knowing that it was priceless. He later sold it to a market trader for a new pounds.

Det Sgt Rapley added: "I totally disagree with the Hollywood image of upper-class thieves who steal for some Mr. Big. They are nothing more than common criminals stealing for financial gain. They may be slightly better burglars, but there is nothing in the talk of sophisticated Raffles-type cat burglars, or great art fakers." The issue of stolen art hit the headlines last year with the theft of a Leonardo da Vinci masterpiece. Madonna with they Yarnwinder, which was taken from Drumlanrig Castle, rear Dumfries, in August, has been valued as worth up to ￡80m.

The Art Loss Register has compiled a list of the artists whose works are most frequently stolen worldwide. Ms Smith said the most commonly stolen works were by artists that criminals could easily identify as famous and therefore valuable, and those produced by the most prolific artists.

1. What are "get out of jail free cards"? What is the use of such cards?

2. Introduce briefly the illicit trade in art in the UK and the countermeasures of the

Metropolitan Police to crack down such criminal acts.

3. Det Sgt Rapely said "I tatally disagree with the Hollywood image of upper-class thieves

who steal for some Mr. Big." (para.6) Give your interpretation of this statement. Questions 4-6

A hundred years after the Wright brothers' triumph at Kitty Hawk, the European consortium Airbus announced a millstone of its own-surpassing the American aviation giant Boeing in the number of airliners delivered in 2003. Airbus, based in Toulouse, France, in now beating its U.S. rival at its own game of size and distance: The 555-passenger, long-range A380, bigger than any Boeing, is already in production.

Airbus's success should be no surprise. American and France may be sparring diplomatically, but technologically the two nations have had a long love affair. Each has developed outstanding innovations, and each has assiduously exploited the other's ideas.

Even the current U.S. military-industrial hegemony has some decidedly French roots. Sylvanus Thayer graduated from West Point in 1808, spent two years in Europe, and was utterly taken with French military thought and training. When he became superintendent in 1817, Thayer modeled the academy's demanding technical curriculum and ethic of honor and service after France's Ecole Polytechnique. Classics on sieges and fortifications by Louis XIV's engineering genius, Marshal Sebastien Le Prestre de Vauban, were standard texts; studying French was de rigueur.

The French connection persisted into the Civil War. The Minie bullet that made that conflict's rifle-muskets three times as deadly as earlier weapons was originally developed by French officers. In 1885, the French ordnance engineer Paul Vielle introduced smokeless powder. French artillerymen invented the revolutionary hydropneumatic recoil that allows cannons to remain murderously locked on target for shot after shot. And where would the Navy SEALs be without scuba gear, developed in 1943 on the French Riviera by Emile Gagnan and a soon-to-be famous French officer, Jacques Cousteau?

Even interchangeable parts, the foundation of America's mass production, have French roots. The historian of science Ken Alder has shown that a French gunsmith was using such a system as early as the 1720s. By the 1780s, French military officials were introducing uniform jigs and fixtures at arms factories to enforce strict tolerances and ensure deadlier firearms and ordnance. Thomas Jefferson praised the system, and while it fell into disuse in France in the 19th century, U.S. armories embraced it. Related methods became known in Europe as the American System and, later, as Fordism.

Speaking of Ford, what could be more American than the automobile? Yet a Frenchman built the first self-propelled vehicle, powered by steam, more than 200 years ago. A hundred years later the French company Panhard introduced the basic architecture that automobiles have followed ever since. Henry Ford's triumphs depended not just on standardization but on use of strong, rust-resistant vanadium steel, which had impressed him in the wreck of a French racing car.

Long before airbus, the French produced superlative aeronautical engineers. They were the first Europeans to acclaim the Wrights' breakthroughs in aircraft control, and they made key improvements. French inventors, especially Louis Bleriot and Robert Esnault-Pelterie, created the monoplane as we know it, which is why we still speak of fuselages and ailerons.

Esnault-Pelterie, was also the father of the joystick.

Flag-waving Americans may reply that many of France's own technological triumphs rely on ideas born here. French high-speed trains lead the world today, but as the railroad historian Mark Reutter has shown, the Budd Co. of Philadelphia was already building lightweight, articulated streamliners in the 1930s. And France now gets 75 percent of its electricity from America's great hope of 50 years ago, nuclear power. Social legislation also helps make France a showplace of other U.S. innovations: vending machines (limited retailing hours) and mass-produced antibiotics (generous health benefits).

In fact, the French have so often jettisoned their heritage in favor of novel technology that it sometimes takes Americans to defend it. The Cornell University scholar Steven Kaplan has revived the art of French bread making, and Mother Noella Marcellino, an American Benedictine nun with a Ph.D. in microbiology, has been saving the classic cheese of France from pasteurization — a process invented by the Frenchman Louis Pasteur.

It's pointless to debate who owes more to whom, and far more interesting to rejoice in cross-appropriation. Airbus has many U.S. suppliers, and Boeing will jump ahead sooner or later in the endless technological leapfrog. The last word may belong to the sage — perhaps Oscar Wide — who said, "Talents imitate; geniuses steal."

4. Why does the author introduce the Wright brothers and the European Airbus at the

beginning of the passage?

5. What does the author mean by saying that "technologically the two nations [America and

France] have had a long love affair"? Give some examples.

6. Paraphrase the sentence "the French have so often jettisoned their heritage in favor of novel

technology that it sometimes takes Americans to defend it." (para.9)

Questions 7-10

Millions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health & Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state. The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut. The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany's ballooning persion crisis. Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told her state pension would be cut by $12.30, or 1% to $1,156.20 a month. "It was a real shock," she says. "My pension had always gone up in the past."

There's more bad news on the way. On Mar. 11, Germany's lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions —which have been rising steadily since World War II —from 53% of average wages now to 46% by 2020. And Germany is not alone. Governments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy, the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from 57 to 60, while France will require that civil servants put in 40 years rather than 37.5 to qualify for a full pension. The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions, leftist politicians, and pensioners' groups.

The explanation is simple: Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By 2030 there will only be two workers per pensioner, compared with four in 2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system, cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall. The gap

between money coming in and payments going out could top $10 billion this year in Germany alone. "In the future, a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired," says German Health & Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt. Says Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti: "The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves."

Of course, those population trends have been forecast for years. Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands, have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions. But many Continental governments dragged their feet. Now, the rapid runup in costs in finally forcing them to act. State-funded pension payments make up around 12% of gross domestic product in Germany and France and 15% in Italy — two percentage points more than 20 years ago. Pensions account for an average 21% of government spending across the European Union. The U.S. Social Security system, by contrast, consumes just 4.8% of GDP. The rising cost is having serious repercussions on key European nations' commitments to fiscal restraint. "Governments have no choice but to make pension reform a priority," says Antonio Cabral, deputy director of the European Commission's Directorate General for Economic & Financial Affairs.

Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector. Corporate contributions to state pension systems —which make up 19.5% of total gross pay in Germany —add to Europe's already bloated labor costs. That, in turn, blunts manufacturers' competitiveness and keeps unemployment rates high. According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne, benefit costs reached a record 41.7% of gross wages in Germany last year, compared with 37.4% a decade before. French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension cost of $121 million contributed to a 9% fall in operating profits last year.

To cope, Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pensions schemes. But even if private pensions become more popular, European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions. While today's seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents' pension checks with envy.

7. What does the author want to tell us from the example of the retired bank teller Sabine

Wetzel?

8. Paraphrase Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti's statement "The welfare state is

producing too few cradles and too few graves." (para.3)

9. Introduce briefly the pension reforms in some key European countries.

10. What is implied by the last sentence of the passage "While today's seniors complain about

reduced benefits, the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents' pension checks with envy."?

SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)

Directions:Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.

舒舍予，字老舍，现年四十岁，面黄无须，生于北平，三岁失怙，可谓无父，志学之年，帝王不存，可谓无君，无父无君，特别孝爱老母。幼读三百篇，不求甚解。继学师范，遂奠教书匠之基，及壮，糊口四方，教书为业。甚难发财，每购奖券，以得末奖为荣，示甘为寒贱也。二十七岁，发愤著书，科学哲学无所终，故写小说，博大家一笑，没什么了不得。三十四岁结婚，今已有一男一女，均狡猾可喜。书无所不读，全无所获，并不着急，教书做事，均甚认真，往往吃亏，也不后悔。再活四十年，也许能有点出息。

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4. 函数33y x x =-在区间[0,1]上的最小值是： ( ) A. 0 B. 没有 C. 2 D. 29 - 5. 函数21y x =-在区间[1,1]-上应用罗尔定理时，所得到的中值ξ= ( ) A. 0 B. 1 C. 1- D. 2 6．设函数2 ()(1)0 ax e x f x b x x ?≤=?->?处处可导，那么： ( ) A ．1a b == B ．2,1a b =-=- C ．0,1a b == D ．1,0a b == 7. 设x a =为函数()y f x =的极值点，则下列论述正确的是 ( ) A ．'()0f a = B ．()0f a = C ．''()0f a = D ．以上都不对二、填空题（每小题3分，共21分） 1. 极限232)sin (1cos lim x x x x x +-+∞→= . 2 ．极限lim n →∞ ?? +L =. 3.设函数f (x )=2310 22 2 x x x x a x ?+-≠? -??=?在点x =2处连续，则a = . 4. 函数()sin x f x x = 的间断点为 . 5. 函数22ln y x x =-的单调减区间为 . 6. 设函数ln y =dy = . 7．椭圆曲线cos sin x a t y b t =??=? 在4t π =相应的点处的切线方程为 .

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3、手足口病是一种肠道病毒病，具有肠道病毒感染的共同特征。（） 4、手足口病病程不长，一般为2-5天。（） 5、手足口病潜伏期为7-10天，伴有38度左右的发热。（） 6、手足口病主要侵犯手、足、口、臀等四个部位。（）三、简答题（40分） 1、手足口病的主要临床症状是什么？（15分） 2、手足口病主要可通过哪些途径传播？（15分） 3、为预防手足口病应养成哪些个人卫生习惯？（10分）

手足口病防治知识测试题及参考答案一、选择题 1、下面哪种病毒不能引起手足口病？（ D ） A、小RNA病毒科 B、肠道病毒属的柯萨奇病毒 C、埃可病毒 D、痢疾杆菌 2、临床诊断为手足口病后，应于几小时内进行网络直报？（ C ） A、6小时 B、12小时 C、24小时 D、48小时 3、手足口病的传染源，下面哪项不是？（ D ） A、病人 B、隐性感染者 C、健康携带者 D、牲畜 4、手足口病哪个年龄组发病率高？（ A ） A、≤3岁 B、3-5岁 C、5-7岁 D、7-12岁 5、手足口病属于《传染病防治法》中的哪类传染病？（ A ） A、不属于法定传染病 B、甲类 C、乙类 D、丙类 6、关于手足口病的表现，下列哪项是错误的：（ D ） A.常伴口痛 B.可伴发热 C.皮疹表现斑丘疹或疱疹 D.皮疹呈向心性分布二、判断题 1、手足口病是由EV71病毒引起的，多发于5岁以下幼儿。（√） 2、手足口病是以冬季发病较为多见。（×） 3、手足口病是一种肠道病毒病，具有肠道病毒感染的共同特征。（√）

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