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初中英语重要的短语

初中英语重要的短语
初中英语重要的短语

初中英语重要的短语、句型和习惯用法1

1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床 get ready for 为...作准备get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身体好 get in 进入,收集

get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物

get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好,...进展顺利

2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of)... 喝一杯...

have a talk 听报告 have lunch 吃午饭 have...for lunch 午饭吃...

have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下

3. make a mistake 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为B

take sth. by mistake 错拿某物

4. make friends with 与...交朋友

make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口

make a...sound 发...音 make tea 沏茶 make room for... 为...找出空间make it 如期赴约 make a team 组成一个队

eg.Let's make it half past one. 注意:时间前不用介词at

5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉... turn sth. up/down 把...音量开大/小

注意:当sth 是代词时,常放中间

6. try sth. on 试穿(衣、鞋、帽)注意:当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试

try one's best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one's best to do sth.

7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射

8. hear from sb 收到...的来信 hear of 听说

9. hurry off 匆匆离去,赶快去 hurry up 赶快

10. get to +名词 get +副词(不用to) reach+名词/副词 arrive in/at +大/小地点(后接副词,不用at/in)

eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海

eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家

11. teach sb. English 教某人英语 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学

12.到...末为止 by the end of +过去时间(用于过去完成时)

by the end of +将来时间(用于一般将来时)

at the end of+地点在...尽头 in the end= at last 最后,终于

13. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 成百万的

14. be pleased to do sth 很高兴地干某事 be pleased with sth. 为某事而高兴

15. be used for 被用来 be used as 被当作 be used by 被...所使用

16. so far 到目前为止,用于现在完成时

17. on a Tuesday morning 一个星期二的早上

on the morning of June 15th.1998 在1998年6月15日早上

18. keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直干某事 keep doing sth. 继续做某事

keep on doing sth. 持续不断地做某事

19. much too+形容词/副词原级实在太...

too much+不可数名词相当多的... eg. It's _______ expensive. I can't buy it.

There's ___________ rain this year.

20. thanks to...由于,多亏

thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的帮忙 thanks for one's help 谢谢某人的帮助

21. be far away from+a place/sb 远离某地

22. wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽常用于被动语态。其P.P为worn

sell out 售完卖完

23. two-month holiday=two months' holiday 二个月的假期

24. fall asleep 入睡(进入状态) get to sleep 入睡(还没睡着)

25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 eg. She stopped the child from listening. stop doing sth. 停止干某事,不再干某事 stop to do sth. 停止下来干另一件事。

26. hardly any +n. 几乎没有...

27. quite a/an+形容词+名词一个相当...eg. Two months is quite a long time.

a very +形容词+名词eg. English is a very useful language.

28. be afraid of+名词害怕... be afraid to+动词担心、害怕... be afraid that+从句恐怕...

29. so+形容词 so strong so beautiful such+形容词+名词(复数或不可数) such beautiful pictures such nice smell such + a/an+形容词+名词(单数)such an interesting story

30. feel like doing 想干某事

31. be made/grown/produced

三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产”

归类: 机器一类→mak e(制造)

盐.糖.丝绸→produce (经机器加工生产) 农作物、水果→grow (人工种出来的) 32. finish doing sth. 做完某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事

go on doing sth. 继续干某事 be always doing 老是干某事

33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 ...hope that...希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth.

34. in surprise 惊奇地(作状语) be surprised at sb. 对某人的举动感到诧异

be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶

35. no space(room) to stand in 没有站的地方、空间

36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 with one's help 在某人的帮助下

选择题:

1.They arrived ___ London___ a cold winter night.

A.at, in

B.in, on

C.at, on

D.in, at

2.It's rather cold today.You'd better ___ more clothes before you go out.

A.put on

B.wear

C.to put on

D.to wear

3.You must be very tired. Why not ___ a rest?

A.stop taking

B.stop to take

C.to stop taking

D.to stop to take

4.___, I've caught up with my classmates in my English studies.

A.Under his help

B.With his help

C.Under the help of him

D.With the help of him

5.Mother told me ____ in the sun. A.not read B.don't read C.read not D.not to read

6.Watching TV ___ is bad for your eyes. A.much too B.many too C.too much

D.too many

7.Those foreign visitors ___ our city the day before yesterday.

A.arrived

B.reached

C.reached to

D.got in

8.She asked me to help her ___ her Chinese. A.at B.with C.for D.on

9.Look ___ the words in the dictionary when you don't know ___ they mean.

A.up, what

B.up, that

C.for, that

D.for, what

10.One after another, three of them ___.

A.fell asleep

B.got to asleep

C.went to asleep

D.were sleeping

完成句子:

1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁? Do you ______ ______drinking a glass of orange?

2.小杨毕业离校以来,我们从未收到他的来信。

We have never ______ ______ Xiao Yang since he _______ school for the last time.

3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。

People started to build the Great Green Wall ___ ___ it could stop the wind from ___ the earth away.

4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟,是吗?

Wei Hua ________ you ______ his brother,didn't she?

思考题:

1.人造卫星能用来向国外发送电视和广播节目

, Man-made satellites can be ___ for ___ TV and radio programmes to foreign countries.

2.多亏有了绿色长城,现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。

____ to the Great Green Wall, they can grow a lot ___ cotton than before.

3.学生们相互交朋友,通常相处得很好。

The students make friends ___ one another and usually ___ ___ well. 4.店主说你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。

The shopkeeper said the woolen sweaters ___ your size were ____.

初中英语重要的短语、句型和习惯用法2

1.There be 结构

a.这是英语中常见的一种结构,表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。

eg. There are twenty girls in our class. have也解释为“有”但是与there

be有区别,它的含义是“所有,属有”,其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.

b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。

c.There is a river near our school.否:There is not a river near our school. 问:Is there a river near our school.回答:Yes, there is. No, there isn't. 划⑴How many rivers are there near our school? ⑵What's near our school?

d.there be 结构的一般将来时,同学们较难掌握,其正确形式为:there is going to be

e.反意疑问句的构成:There is no water in the glass, is there?

①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon. A.have B.watch

C.be

D.play

②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest. A.be B.have C.be on D.on

2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复,英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。

a.So+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。

eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps. So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.

b.Neither+be(助动词,情态动词)+主语,表示某人也不。

eg.Mother has never been to Japan. Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.

c.So+主语+be(助动词,情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。

eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom. B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.

3.It's+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。

⑴It's two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)

⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了

4.祈使句+and (那么)...eg.Go straight on and you'll see a school.=If you go straight on, you'll see a school.

5.祈使句+or...否则...eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind the other

6. The+比较级...,the+比较级... 越...越...

eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。

⑵The harder you work on it, the better you'll be at it.(你越用功,你就越好。)

7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样?)

8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?

虽然中文为怎样,我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.

eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:I've just returned it to the library.

9.I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办?I don't know how to do. ×

10.What...be like?...是什么样的?

eg.⑴What's the weather like? 天气如何?⑵What's your school like? 你

们学校是什么样的?

11.What...for?为何目的?为什么?eg.What do you want a science lab

for?=Why do you want a science lab?

12.one of +最高级+复数最...之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers.

13.find it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的)

find +宾语 +名词eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)

find +宾语 +形容词

eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物)

14.I don't think+肯定句我想...不 eg.I don't think I'll take it. (我想我不买它了)

请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。

15.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.

eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken

16.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.

特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.You'd better catch a train.

You'd better not talk in class.You'd better not be late for the class.

17.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.

eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了) 18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)

=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.eg.It took me half an hour to do the work.

=I spent half anhourin doing the work.

19.sb.pay 钱 for 物某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend 钱 on 物 =物 cost sb.钱 , pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed. eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat. =I spent thirty yuan on the coat.

=The coat cost me thirty yuan. 20.have been to 某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿

sb.have been in +地点某人呆在某地(一段时间) have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿

21.⑴ too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不"

eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了,买不起。

⑵so...that 如此...以致于...上面的too...to结构的句子,可以换成so...that 引导的句子转换。①The basket is so heavy that I can't carry it.

②This colour TV is so expensive that we can't afford it.

22.What's the population of ...? ...人口有多少?不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA

23.I've come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的) →Why have you come?

而不用What

24.not...until (连词)方才,才

eg.He says that he won't be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。肯定句+until 到

eg.You'd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天)

25.neither...nor... 既不...也不... either...or... 或者...或者...

eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred". Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则)

both...and... 两者都... eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数)

练习题:

1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _____ the librory.

A.has gone to

B.went to

C.has been to

D.had gone to

2.He knew little about the film ____ he saw it yesterday evening.

A.if

B.since

C.until

D.because

3.I____ change his mind. Don't worry, He'll surely come to get it.

A.think he won't

B.think he will

C.don't think he won't

D.don't think he will

4.- _____do you_____ the TV play? - Not bad, I think.

A.How;think of

B.What;like

C.How;like

D.What;think

5. I _____ have a good time _____ the party.

A.hope you will;at

B.like you; on

C.hope you to ;in

D.want you that; from 完成句子:

1.中国有多少人口,中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。 _____ the population of China?

It's about _____ ______ of the world's population.

2.门铃一直响着,直到门被林涛打开才停。

The doorbell ______ _____until the door was opened by Lin Tao.

3.午饭后他休息了一会儿,我也休息了一会儿。

He had a short rest after lunch, and ______ ______ I.

4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。

______ more than ten years ____ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town.

5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有.

The bus was_____ crowded that there was hardly ______ standing room in it.

思考题:

1、做饭花了她半个小时。 It ___ ____ half an hour ___ ___ some cooking. =I ______ half an hour _______ some cooking.

2、你真好,经常在数学上帮助我。It’s really nice _____ you to ____ me _____ my ______.

3、Lily跑得不快,赢不了比赛。

Lily ______ run quickly _____ ______ _____ the race.=Lily ____ ____ ___ ___ ____the race.

4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样?

_____ ____ _____ a Teachers’ Day card ____ the art lesson?

5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。

Football is ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ games in our school.

Have 的两种特殊句型

have是英语中最活跃的动词之一,它与不同的词搭配表示不同的意思。如:have a meeting(开会),have a rest(休息),have a class(上课)等。你可知道have构成的两种特殊句型吗?不看不知道,一看就明了。

1.have+宾语+省略to的动词不定式

该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”去做某事。此时的宾语与省略to的不定式(宾语补足语)之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如:I would have you buy a new bike.我想让你买辆新自行车。We can't have the car stop.我们无法让汽车停下来。

2.have+宾语+过去分词

该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”被……。此时的宾语与过去分词(宾语补足语)之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如: I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.

我明天要理发。They have just had their car repaired.他们刚找人把车修理了一下。

注意:大多数情况下,这两种句型之间可以互换。如:

1)He had me wash the table cloth.→He had the table cloth washed.2) The man had the bike mended.→ The man had someone mend the bike.练习:根据汉语意思,完成英语句子,每空一词。

1.你应该找人建一座房子。

You should have someone_____a house. You should have a house_____.

2.现在我们请下一位演讲者到前面来。 Now we'll have the next speaker _____to the front.

3.你必须让人把这些书送到教室去。

You must have these books_____ to the classroom

中考英语易混淆词辨析--动词

易混词大盘点

从近年来的中考题可以看出命题者的目的都是要考查学生对一些较易混淆、形式上非常相近的词(词组)是否能掌握扎实,是否熟悉每个词组的中文意思并能在句子中熟练运用。要想做对以上出现的类似的中考考题,考生必须能总结清各种初中阶段所学过的较易混淆、形式上非常相近的词(词组),熟记所有词组的中文意思,熟悉它们的用法和区别。为了方便同学们复习,特将常考易混词(词组)整理如下:

一、容易混淆的动词:

[考试说明] 了解及物动词和不及物动词用法;掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法;理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法;初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别等。

1. come & be here

[误] He has come here for three hours.

[正] He came here three hours ago.

[正] He has been here for three hours.

come是瞬间动词,不是延续性动词,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。而要与表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用延续动词。

与此同类的还有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead;

buy-have; leave-be away,etc.

2. cost & take & spend & pay

[误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.

[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.

[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.

cost除了钱的花费以外,还能表示时间上的花费,但常用物做主语。spend 句子主语是人,可指花费时间和金钱,但后面的动词要用-ing形式,后面也可跟名词短语,介词用on。pay句子主语是人,常与for连用,buy也常与for连用,但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面,而pay则放在介词for前面。

3. join & take part in

[误] He joined the League for two years.

[正] He joined the League two years ago.

[正] He has been in the League for two years.

[正] He has been a League member for two years.

join指“参加”组织,成为一个成员,join sb.意思是“加入某人”,take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动;如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …mem ber,而不能用join。

4. borrow & lend & keep

[误] She has lent me the book for a week.

[正] She lent me the book a week ago.

[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.

borrow和lend是短暂性动词,在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用,keep延续动词,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

borrow意思是“借(进)”,后面跟介词from,lend意思是“借(出)”,后面跟介词to,lend也可用于某些成语中,如lend sb. a hand。

5. lie & lay & lain

[误] She laid down the book and laid in bed.

[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

lie有两个意思,一个是“说谎”,过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d;另一个是“躺,卧;位于”,是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain,现在分词是lying。

lay意思是“放;孵(蛋)”,其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。

6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of

[误] The table is made from wood.

[正] The table is made of wood.

be made in意思是“由……生产”,强调产地;be made of意思是“用……制成”,强调从成品上能看出原料,制成物没改变原料的本质;be made from 意思也是“用……制成”,强调从制成物上看不出原料,制成物已改变原料的本质;be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”,指人或物都可,指结构成分。

7. stop to do & stop doing

[误] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.

[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.

[误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.

[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.

stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”,带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语;stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,带-ing

形式的动名词在句子中作宾语

中考英语易混淆词辨析--名词

来源:网络资源作者:时间:2008-10-22 点击:221

容易混淆的名词:

[考试说明] 了解名词在句中所充当的成分,理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词;熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握物质名词及其数量的表达方法;了解专有名词的概念及一般用法;熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法;了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。

1. job & work

[误] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of jobs to do.

[正] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.

job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。

2. by train & change trains

[误] We came here by the train.

[正] We came here by train.

[正] We came here on/in the train.

[误] We have to change the train at the next station.

[正] We have to change trains at the next station.

train意思是“火车”,表示“乘火车”,用by train或on/ the train,表示“换火车”,train必须用复数形式,且前面不加限定词。

中考英语易混淆词辨析--形容词

[考试说明] 熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法;熟练掌握表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等疑问副词的用法;熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和good、well、many、much等不规则变化;掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不规则变化;能熟练运用下列句型表示两者(人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较;初步掌握用much、little等副词在用法上的区别。

1. any & some

[误] Have you got some money with you?

[正] Have you got any money with you?

[误] Would you like any milk?

[正] Would you like some milk?

any和some意思是“一些”,用作定语,可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。any多用于否定句和疑问句,some多用于肯定句。

但如果说话人表示“请求,提议”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意义时,some 也可用在疑问句中;some还可用于单数名词前,表示未知或说话人不想特别说明的人、地、物等,意思是“某一,某个”。

如果表示“任何,无论哪个”时,any可用在肯定句中。

2. either & each & both & neither & every

[误] There are many flowers on either side of the street.

[误] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

[误] There are many flowers on each sides of the street.

[正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

[正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

[误] Every student has not finished their homework.

[正] No student has finished their homework.

either意思是“两者之一的”,each意思是“任意一个的”,neither意思是“两者都不的”,every强调整体,意思是“个个”。

3. few/little & a few /a little

[误] Sorry, I have few money on me.

[正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

[误] Her books are few.

[正] She has few books.

[误] The work needs a few number of workers.

[正] The work needs a small number of workers.

[正] The work needs a few workers.

few后跟可数名词复数,little后跟不可数名词,都表示“几乎没有”的否定性意思;a few和a little区别也在于前者跟可数名词,后者跟不可数名词,都表示“有几个”的肯定性意思。

4. no & not

no意思是“没有”,可以否定一切名词,修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数时等于not any,修饰可数名词单数时等于not a/an;如果被修饰的名词通常情况下只有一个,则用它的单数形式;不能用a、the、all、every等限制词之前,而not可以。

not意思是“不,不是”,可以否定一切动词,修饰动词。

no more than意思是“不过,仅仅”,相当于only,修饰“数量”词,强调“少”的含义;not more than意思是“至多,不多于,不超过”,用于陈述事实;no more…than和not more…than多用于多音节形容词的比较级。

5. already & yet & still

[误] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off yet.

[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off already.

[正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.

already意思是“已经”,一般用于肯定句,常与完成时连用,常用于句中;yet意思是“已经,还”,一般用于否定句和疑问句,常用于句末;still意思是“仍然,还是”,强调动作在进行,主要用于肯定句,常用于句中。

6. also & too & either & so & neither & nor

[误] My parents didn’t like swimming, nor did his.

[正] My parents didn’t like swimming, neither did his.

also用于肯定句,一般放在行为动词之前、助动词、情态动词、系动词之后,too一般用于肯定句末,前面常用逗号;either一般用于否定句末,前面也用逗号;so置于句首,引起句子倒装,表示前面所讲的情况也适用于另一个人或物,具有否定的意思;so后的主语与前一句主语是同一个人或物时,后面的主谓不倒装,表示“确实如此”;neither置于句首,引起句子倒装,表示前面所讲的情况不适用于另一个人或物,具有否定的意思;nor常与not连用,表示“也不”,neither和nor都可用来对前面的否定陈述加以补充,如果补充的成分否定的不是同一事物,同一内容,就只能用nor,不可用neither;当否定的并列分句有两个以上时,只能用nor,因为neither只能指两者中的一个,nor 指三个以上的另一个。

7. sometimes & sometime & some time & some times

[误] You can only keep the book for sometime.

[正] You can only keep the book for some time.

sometimes是频度副词,意思是“有时,不时”,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用;sometime是副词,意思是“在某个不确定的时间,在某个时候,某时”,可与将来时或过去时连用;some time是名词词组,意思是“一段时间”,做时间状语,也可用作副词词组,用来指一个未肯定的时刻,常指将来,此时可与sometime通用;some times是名词词组,意思是“几次,几倍”。

中考英语易混淆词辨析--介词

[考试说明] 熟练掌握介词in、on、at、to、from、by、with、for、about、before的常见用法;理解这11个介词的其他用法及所学其他介词的一般用法。

1. above & over; below & under

[误] Our classroom is over theirs.

[正] Our classroom is above theirs.

[误] The plane flew above the bridge.

[正] The plane flew over the bridge.

[误] The lights hung above the desk.

[正] The lights hung over the desk.

above、over都表示“在…上面”,且都表示表面不接触的上方,但over 指垂直在上,而above则表示位置较高,不一定是正上方。

below、under都表示“在…下面”,below指位置低于某物或在某物的下方,但不一定在某物的正下方,其反义词是above,而under指在某物的正下方,有垂直在下的意思,其反义词是over。

2. by & on & over & through

[误] They’re talking on the radio.

[正] They’re talking by radio.

“通过无线电交谈”习惯上说talk by radio,名词前不加冠词。

“通过收音机听到”习惯上说hear sth. on/over/through the radio,名词前加冠词。

“通过电视看到”习惯上说watch sth. on TV。

“通过电话交谈”习惯上说talk with sb. on/over the telephone。

“通过人造卫星收发电视节目”习惯上说through man-made satellites。

3. in & on & to

[误] Tian wan is to the east of China.

[误] Tian wan is on the east of China.

[正] Tian wan is in the east of China.

表示方位“在……(东西南北)边)时,介词in、on、to有不同的用法。以“在……东部”为例,表示在该地范围之内,用in the east of,表示在该地与某地“相邻”,有接壤之意,用on the east of,表示不在该地范围,且有中间物,用to the east of。

4. in the end & at the end of & by the end of & at last

都有“最后”的意思,但in the end表示“结果,末了”,与at last是同义词组,at the end of表示“在……末端,尽头”,后面要接名词短语,by the end of表示“在……结束时,末了为止”,后面接时间短语。

5. to & for & toward(s)

[误] He is leaving to HongKong next month.

[正] He is leaving for HongKong next month.

to,toward(s)作静态介词,表示静态位置时,均表示“朝……”或“向……”,一般两者可通用,towards指时间“将近”,意思是nearly;to 则表示一段时间的终点,“差……到”的意思;for常用在leave、start等后面,表示要去的目的地,不可用to。

中考英语易混淆词辨析--连词

[考试说明] 掌握并列连词(如:and、but、or)和从属连词(如:when、if、that等)的基本用法。

1. because & since & as & for

[误] Because he was ill, so h e didn’t go to school today.

[正] Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.

[正] He didn’t go to school today because he was ill.

because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是正式的理由。在含because 的句子中,全句强调的重点在原因上,不在主句的结果上。因此,回答why提出的问题时,只能用because,不能用since、as或for。because of后面只能跟短语,不能跟从句。

since表示的原因,指人们已知的事实,常译为“既然”,引导的从句只是一种附带的说明原因,不是对原因的强调。because与since不能与so连用。

as表示原因与since差别不大,只是语气更弱,是显而易见的理由。

for表示因果关系时,可与because替换使用,所不同的只是它只能放在主句之后,不能放在句首。在含for的句子里,for从句有时只是对主句补充说明理由或推断原因,与前一分句不存在因果关系。

2.either…or… & neither…nor… & not only…but also… & both…and…

[误] Either he or I are right.

[正] Either he or I am right.

前三个连词连接名词、代词等作主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语的单复数一致,both…and…的谓语动词则要用复数。

六、容易混淆的代词:

[考试说明] 熟练掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及基本用法,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的基本用法;掌握反身代词作为宾语和同位语的基本用法;熟练掌握指示代词和疑问代词的基本用法。

1. either & each & none & neither & both & all & some

[误] Either of the books are good.

[正] Either of the books is good.

either/ each / none / neither of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,其中neither的也可用复数;both/ all /some of+复数名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

中考英语易混淆词练习题总结

1. Mum, I’m very thirsty. Is there _____ in the fridge?

A. some milk

B. any juice

C. any bread

D. some cakes

2. –What time is it?

--Sorry. I don’t have a ______.

A. book

B. watch

C. pen

D. picture

3. ______ is ______.

A. Orange, orange

B. Orange, an orange

C. An orange, orange

D. An ranges, an orange

4. Oh. It’s time ______.

A. for break

B. to break

C. for a break

D. to a break

5. The novel is very ______. I’m ______ in it.

A. interest, interest

B. interesting, interesting

C. interested, interested

D. interesting, interested

6. Although the man lived ______, he didn’t feel ______ because he had quite ______ old friends.

A. lonely, lonely, few

B. alone, alone, few

C. alone, lonely, a few

D. lonely, alone, a few

7. Everyday Mr. Green got ______ the lift and then got ______ his car to go to work.

A. on, off

B. into, out, of

C. off, on

D. out of, into

8. The jacket is so expensive. It ______ me a lot of money.

A. takes

B. spends

C. pays

D. costs

9. Don’t th row about the paper. Please ______.

A. pick up it

B. pick it up

C. picks up it

D. picks it up

10. Please hurry up! The plane ______ in a few minutes.

A. takes down

B. will take away

C. takes place

D. will take off

11. His brother enjoys ______ football matches.

A. seeing

B. looking

C. watching

D. finding

12. You may ______ we go to visit our uncle.

A. say

B. tell

C. speak

D. talk

13. When we ran to the railway station, the plane just ______.

A. reached

B. got

C. arrived

D. went

14. China has ______ several manmade satellites into space.

A. sent up

B. sent for

C. sent away

D. sent back

15. You can ______ the book until you finish ______ it.

A. borrow, looking

B. lend, watching

C. keep, reading

D. return, seeing

16. The box is ______. You can’t p ut ______ in it.

A. empty, something

B. empty, anything

C. full, something

D. full, anything

17. China is a ______ country in the world.

A. big

B. huge

C.tall

D. great

18. There is ______ time for me to think. I must leave at once.

A. few

B. a few

C. little

D. a little

19. Girls always try to keep their rooms ______.

A. clean

B. cleaning

C. to clean

D. cleans

20. –You look pretty today. --______.

A. You’re right.

B. All right.

C. No. You’re not right.

D. Thank you.

答案: 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 12.

A 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D

(完整word版)初中英语重点短语和句型.pdf

初中英语重点短语、句型汇总 初中英语重点短语、句型汇总 短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1.lookat…看…,looklike…看上去像……,lookafter…照料… 2.listento…听…… 3.welcometo…欢迎到…… 4.sayhelloto…向……问好 5.speakto…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A.动词(vt.)+副词 1.puton穿上 2.takeoff脱下 3.writedown记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前 面。 B.动词(vi)+副词。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e19178685.html,eon赶快 2.getup起床 3.gohome回家 https://www.doczj.com/doc/e19178685.html,ein进来 5.sitdown坐下 6.standup起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.closethedoor 2.1ookthesame 3.gotowork/class 4.beill 5.havealook/seat 6.havesupper 7.1ookyoung8.goshopping9.watchTV/games 10.playgames 四、介词短语 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。 2.in+Row/Team/Class/Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。 3.inthemorning/afternoon/evening/表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4.inthedesk/pencil-box/bedroom等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 5.inthetree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”;onthetree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 6.inthewall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;onthewall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。 7.atwork(在工作)/atschool(上学)/athome(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。 8.at+时刻表示钟点。 9.likethis/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。 10.of短语表示所属关系。 11.behind/beside/near/under+名词等,表示方位、处所。 12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。 另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:onduty,afterbreakfast,atnight,atthedoor,inthemiddle,inthesky,onone’sbike等。 五、重点短语 1.kindsof各种各样的 2.either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3.neither…nor…既不……也不……

(完整版)中考英语常用动词短语(超全)

look短语look for寻找;look after照顾;look over查看;look forward to渴望,向往,to为介词,后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语;look at看着;look up抬头看,在…查找;look up to尊敬;look down upon瞧不起;look like看起来像;look as if/though看起来好像;look through透过……看,翻阅,浏览;look into调查;look out当心;look out of往…外看look about [around]环顾四周look back 回顾,回想look on旁观, 看作,当作(与as 连用) put短语put off推迟,put on穿上;上演;put away把…暂时收起来,储存……备用;put up举起,建造,张贴;put out扑灭;put down写下;放下;put aside把…搁在一边;put back放回put…into把…放入put one’s heart into全神贯注 turn短语turn down把音量开小一点;拒绝;turn up把音量开大一点;出现;turn round/around回头;turn over 翻开;翻转;turn to朝向;变成;求助于;turn…into…把…变成…;turn into变成;turn out结果证明是;turn away 把脸转过去turn to sb转向某人turn out结果是turn on 打开(电灯等) turn off 关(电灯等) turn over (使)翻过来turn against背叛turn back折回,往回走turn around旋转,转过身来 call短语call at拜访,后接地点;call on拜访,后接被拜访的对象;号召;call back回电话;call in 叫来;call up打电话,使回忆起;call for叫某人同往某处,要求;call off取消 be短语be friendly/kind to对…友好;be fed up with对…厌烦;be different from与…不同;be afraid of害怕;be popular with受…欢迎;be fond of喜欢,爱好;be interested in对…感兴趣;be surprised at对…惊讶;be satisfied/content/pleased with对…满意;be proud of对…感到自豪;be strict with对某人严格;be strict in 对某事严格;be good to对…有好处;be good at擅长于…;be sure of/about对…有把握;be divided into被分成;be made up of由…构成;be angry with对某人生气;be busy with忙于;be full of/filled with装满了;be late for…迟到;be covered with覆盖着;be familiar with对…熟悉;be familiar to对某人来说是熟悉的;be famous/known for因…著名;be famous/known as作为…有名 get短语get on/along (well) with与某人相处(融洽),在…进展(顺利);get up起床;get on上车(船、飞机、马);get off下车(船、飞机、马);get back回去;get back to回到;get away离开,逃脱;get down 下来;get home到家;get into进入,陷入;get out (of) (从…)出去;get to到达get together聚会;get in收割get through通过,度过,完成get hold of获得,取得get over越过,恢复,克服get ready for为…作准备get up起床get used to习惯于

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