高一英语必修三导学案
Unit 2 Healthy eating 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
语言要点（模块）
Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
provide sb with st h / provide sth for sb
Ⅱ.词形变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
7. benefit v.& n.
Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）
1. balance n. 天平，平衡；余额，余数v. 平衡；权衡balanced adj. 均衡的
[典例]
1). Try to achieve a better balance between work and play. 争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来。
2). I must check my bank balance (= find out how much money I have in my account).
我要核对一下我在银行的余额（看我的帐户上有多少钱）。
3). Try to balance your diet by eating more fruit and less protein. 多吃些水果, 少摄入些蛋白质, 使饮食
均衡合理。
[重点用法]
a balanced diet 均衡的饮食keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡
keep one? s balance保持平衡lose one? s balance (= be out of balance) 失去平衡
[练习] 用balance短语填空或翻译。
1). He ______ ______ ______ and hurt himself when he went upstairs.
2). It is difficult to for yo u to ______ ______ _______ on an icy pavement.
3). 我们必须权衡利弊才做出决定。
______________________________________________________________________________________ __
Keys: 1). lost his balance 2). keep your balance 3). We must balance the advantages against the disadvantages before we decide.
2. curiosity n. 好奇心curious adj. 好奇的curiously adv. 好奇地
[典例]
1). Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them. 小孩子对他们周围的世界有着天生的
好奇心。
2). I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity. 我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。
[重点用法]
out of curiosity 出于好奇with curiosity = curiously好奇地
be curious about sth. 对某事好奇be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事
[练习] 用curiousity的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). Margaret looked at him _______ _______.
2). She decided to try a cigarette _______ _______ _______.
3). All the employees in this firm _______ _______ ______ the personal life of the general manager.
4). ________ enough, he had never seen the little girl.
3). ________ drove Mary to open her husband? s letter though she knew it was wrong.
Keys: 1). with curiosity 2). out of curiosity 3). are curious about 4). Curiously 5). Curiosity
3. limit vt. 限制；限定n. 界限；限度limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限制的[典例]
1). The speed limit on this road is 70 mph. 这条路的车速限制是每小时70英里。
2). We must try and limit our expenditure. 我们必须设法限制我们的开支。
3). There? s a limit to how much I? m prepared to spend. 我准备花多少钱是有限度的。[短语归纳] limit短语：
limit sb./sth. to... 限制某人/某事到某种程度put a limit on... 对……限制there is a limit to对……是有限的without limit 无限地，无限制地[练习] 用limit的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). One?s energy is ______.
2). ______ ______ ______ ______ (没有止境) what you can do if you try.
3). We must _______ our weekly expenditure ______ ten pounds.
4). Only a _______ number of places are available.
Keys: 1). limited 2). There? s no limit to 3). limit; to 4). limited
4. benefit vt. 有益于vi. 得益于（常与from, by连用）n. 利益，好处；津贴
1). The rain benefits the plants. = The plants benefit from the rain. 这场雨有益于植物。
2). This dictionary will be of great benefit to me. 这本字典将对我有很大的好处。
3). He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。
4). The enemy is trying to starve us to death. 敌人正在企图饿死我们。
[重点用法]
be of great benefit to = be very beneficial to 对……有益
for the benefit of = for sb? s benefit为了……的利益benefit from 从……中受益
[练习] 用benefit或其短语的适当形式填空。
1). The new highway will ________ the villagers.
2). He will _________ the new way of studying.
3). The warning sign was put there _________ the public.
Keys: 1). benefit 2). benefit from 3). for the benefit of
5. combine vt.&vi. (使)联合；结合combination n. 联合；结合combined adj. 联合起来的
[典例]
1). We can?t always combine work with pleasure. 我们并不总是能在工作中享受到乐趣。
2). Circumstances have combined to ruin our plans for a holiday. 各种情况凑在一起破坏了我们的假日
计划。
[短语归纳] combine的短语：
c ombine with sb./ sth. 与某人某物结合起来combine together联合起来combine A with/an
d B 使A与B联合起来
[练习] 用combine的短语或其适当形式填空。
1) A _______ of factors led to her decision to resign.
2) Success was achieved by the _______ efforts of the whole team.
3) As a writer, he _______ wit _______ passion.
Keys: 1). combination 2). combined 3). combined; and/with
Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）
1. be tired of = be fed up with = be sick of 对……厌烦了
[典例]
1). We are fired of hearing the old story. 这老话我们听厌了。
2). I? m tired of the same breakfast every day. 我厌倦了每天吃同样的早餐。
[短语归纳]
get/be tired of doing sth. 厌倦(做某事) get/be tired from doing sth 因……而疲倦
be tired out = be worn out 非常疲倦
[练习] 用tired短语的适当形式填空。
1). My eyes ______ ______ ______ reading in a poor light.
2). I ______ ______ ______ watching television; let? s go for a walk.
3). I ______ ______ ______. Can we stop for a rest?
Keys: 1). were tired from 2). am tired of 3). am tired/worn out
2. ought to aux. 应当；应该(没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形)
[典例]
1). They ought to come tomorrow. 他们明天应当来。
2). He thought that they ought to take part in the design. 他认为他们应当参加设计。
3). He ought not to do it. / He oughtn? t to do it.（否定形式）他不应该做这件事。
4). Ought we to do it at once?（疑问式）我们应该马上做这件事吗？
[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。
1). He ought to be here, __________ he? (反意疑问句)
2). I? m sorry. I ____________________ (本应该先给你打个电话) to tell you 1 was coming．
3). I ______________________ (本不该拜访) her, but I missed her so much.
Keys: 1). shouldn? t / oughtn? t 2). should / ought to have phoned 3). shouldn? t / ought not to have visited
3. lose weight体重减轻；减肥
[典例]
She is trying to lose weight. 她在努力减肥。
[短语归纳] weight短语及lose短语：
put on weight（指人）增加体重，长胖be/take a weight/load off sb? s mind使自己/某人如释重负
lost heart 泄气；灰心lose one? s heart (to sb/sth): fall in love 爱上；锺情於……
lose one? s life 丧生；遇害lose one? s balance 失去平衡
lose one? s breath气喘嘘嘘；上气不接下气lose one? s head 昏了头，张皇失措，冲动
lose one? s temper发脾气lose one? s job 失业
lose one? s way: become lost 迷路lose touch (with sb/sth) 失去和某人/事物的联系lose interest in sth/sb 对某事物/人失去兴趣lose sight of sb/sth 看不见某人/物；忽略或未考虑某事物
lose face 丢脸
[练习] 用weight短语及lose短语的适当形式填空或填介词。
1). He? s ______ ______ ______ since he gave up smoking.
2). Paying my mortgage was an enormous weight ______ (介词) my mind!
3). I? ve ______ ______ ______ all my old friends.
4). Don? t ______ ______ ______ --- keep calm!
Keys: 1). put on weight 2). off 3). lost touch with 4). lose your head
4. get away with 偷携某物潜逃；受到（较轻的惩罚）或逃避惩罚
[典例]
1) They raided the bank and got away with a lot of money. 他们抢劫银行, 掠走了大批现款。
2) If you cheat in the exam you'll never get away with it. 考试作弊必予追究。
3). Nobody gets away with insulting me like that. 这样侮辱我的人, 我是不会放过的.
[短语归纳] get词组：
get down to 认真静下心（工作）get on well with 相处融洽；(工作的) 进展好
get through 接通电话；办完；完成get up 起床；起身
get down to 认真地静下心(工作) get over 克服，熬过，恢复
[练习] 用get词组填空。
1). To my surprise, the baby wolf ______ ______ ______ the dogs and then managed to survive.
2). She never arrives on time at the office, but she somehow managed to _____ _____ _____ it.
3). Well, stop chatting. It? s time we ______ ______ ______ some serious work.
4). The news was a terrible blow to her, but she will ______ ______ the shock soon.
Keys: 1). got on well with 2). get away with 3). get down to 4). get over
5. tell a lie = tell lies 说谎
[典例] It? s not right to tell a lie. 撒谎是不对的。
[短语归纳] tell短语和习语：
tell jokes/ a joke讲笑话tell (sb.) a story给某人讲故事
to tell (you) the truth 说实话(用以引出自白或承认的话tell A from B: distinguish A from B 辨认A和B；辨别tell/know A and B apart 将A和B辨别开来you can never tell 谁也不知道there is no telling: it is impossible to know 不可能知道tell you what 我说(用以提出建议)
I told you (so) 我提醒过你要出事；我早就跟你说过
[练习] 用tell词组填空。
1). ______ ______ ______ ______, I fell asleep in the middle and didn? t know how the story ended.
2). Can you _____ Tom _____ his twin brother?
3). There? s no ______ (tell) what may happen.
Keys: 1). To tell the truth 2). tell; from 3). telling
6. earn one? s living = make one?s/a living 谋生
[典例]
1). They began to eam their living when they were very young. 他们很年轻的时候，就开始谋生了。
2). I earn my living by teaching English in the middle schoo1. 我靠在中学教英语谋生。
[练习] 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。
1). He had to ______ ______ ______ by delivering newspaper in his youth.
2). He earned his living ______（介词）a fisherman.
3). 这个小孩从10岁开始就自己谋生。
______________________________________________________________________________________ __
Keys: 1). earn his living 2). as 3). This poor child began to make his living at the age of ten.
7. in debt 欠债
[典例]
1). They are in heavy debt to the Bank of China. 他们欠中国银行很多钱。
2). You saved my life: I am forever in your debt. 你救了我的命: 我永远感恩不尽。
[短语归纳] debt短语和“in + n.”表示“在……（情况、状况、状态）中”：
get/run into debt 欠债；负责out of debt不欠债run up huge debts高筑债台
pay off one? s debts还清债务in danger 在危险中in trouble陷入困境，倒霉in order 井井有条in surprise 吃惊in public 当众，公开
in ruins 呈废墟状态in sight 看见in silence沉默着
[练习] 根据句子意思用debt短语和“in + n.”结构填空。
1). He ______ ______ ______ after he was out of work.
2). He did all he could to ______ ______ ______ ______ in five years.
3). He was ______ ______ when he was young, but has been ______ ______ ______ since he got rich.
4). James was ______ _______, but I don?t know how to help him out.
5). After the war, the whole city was _______ _______.
Keys: 1). ran/got into debt 2). pay off his debts 3). in debt; out of debt 4). in trouble 5). in ruins
8. before long 不久以后
[典例]
The dictionary will be published before long. 这本词典不久就要出版。
[重点用法]
long before 很久以前long ago 很久以前
[练习] 根据句子意思填空。
1). That happened ______ ______.
2). I? ve seen that film ______ ______.
3). His plan seemed to be too difficult, but ______ ______ it proved to be practicable.
Keys: 1). long ago 2). long before 3). before long
Ⅴ.重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. Nothing could be better. 没有什么比这更好的了。
[解释] 此句中用比较级的否定形式表示最高级的含义。如：
Nobody loves you more than I do. 没有比我更爱你的人了。
I? ve never heard a more beautiful voice. 我从没有听过更动听的嗓子。
[练习] 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。
1). 他从来没有看过一部更令人激动的电影了。
______________________________________________________________________________________ _
2). 没有什么比旅游更令人愉快。
______________________________________________________________________________________ __
Keys: 1). He had never watched a more exciting movie. 2). Nothing is more pleasant than traveling.
2. Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with his as he always did.
要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。
[解释] 情态动词+ have done
1). 情态动词must +have done只用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行肯定的推测，意
为“过去一定做过某事”。
It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. 昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为路还湿着。
You must have seen the film the Gold Rush. 你肯定看过电影《淘金热》。
2). 情态动词can／could可用于否定句中，即can? t have done ／couldn? t have done，表示对过去发
生的事情或状态的肯定的推测，意为“过去不可能做过，肯定没做过”。
My sister met him at the theatre last night, so he couldn? t have attended your lecture. 我姐姐昨天晚上在电影院遇见了他，所以他肯定没参加你的演讲．
3). 此外，can／could have done还可用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的不太有把握的推
测，常表示“过去可能做过吗?”(注意：表推测的情态动词只有can／could常用于疑问句中)
I can? t find Tom anywhere in the office building. Where can he have gone? 我在办公楼任何地方都
找不到汤姆。他有可能去了哪里了呢？
4). 情态动词may／might +have done表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might
语气稍弱一点儿，只能用于肯定句和否定句中，表示“过去可能做过某事
或过去可能没做过某事”。
You might have read about it in the papers. 你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。
[练习] 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1). 一Where _______ Margaret _______ the empty bottles (can; put)?
一She _______ them away. They must be somewhere (can; throw).
2). 一_______he _______ as captain of the football team (can; choose)?
一Yes, he must have.
3). 一Hurry up, Michael! It? s ten to three.
—Goodness me! The class ______ (must; begin). I? ll be late again.
Keys: 1). can; have put 2). can? t/ couldn? t have thrown 3). must have begun
3. He couldn? t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies. 他不能容忍永慧撒谎而逍遥法外。[解释] have sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人或某物一直做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth. 容忍某人或某物总是干
have sb./sth. do sth. 使某人或某物做某事(注意不要在do之前加上to)
have sb./sth. done sth. 请人做某事(自己不去做或无法做)，(主语)遭受了不好的事情
[典例]
1). I had him waiting at the gate from eight o? clock this morning till now. 我让他从早上八点一直在门外
等候到现在。
2). I? ll have him finish my work. 我将让他替我把工作完成。
3). I had my hair cut. 我请人把我的头发理了。
4). The woman had her handbag robbed yesterday. 昨天，这个妇女的手提包被抢了。
[练习] 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。
1). To my despair, the doctor _____ me ______ in the room for the whole afternoon(have;wait).
2). I ______ my watch ______ because it didn?t work (have; repair).
3). I can? t ______ him ______ noise all the time (have, make).
4). Yesterday Mum ______ Tim ______ his room since it was in a mess. (have, tidy)
5). The woman ______ her handbag ______ yesterday. (have; rob)
Keys: 1). had; waiting 2). had; repair 3). have making 4). had; tidy 5). had; robbed
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ.课文词汇填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
Wang Pengwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very 1 (frustrate) for people were going to another newly-opened restaurant which only provided raw 2 (蔬菜), fruit and water. What amazed him was that the food there cost more than 3 in his own restaurant. After doing some research, he wrote his own sign to attract 4 (顾客) back to his 5 . The next day Wang Pengwei's restaurant was nearly full, which made Yong Hui very 6 . Having had a good 7 （交谈）, both of them realized the benefits and weak points of their own restaurants and thought to 8 their menus and provide a 9 （平衡的）menu. Finally they got married, working and living together 10 (happy) ever after.
答案：1. frustrated 2. vegetables 2. 3. that 4. customers 5. restaurant 6. angry 7. conversation 8. combine 9. balance 10. happily
2课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语。
从短文得知到王朋餐馆用餐的人越来越少而附近一家新餐馆提供如象生菜食物却顾客盈门。最后在两家餐馆的共同努力下取得了双赢。
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
答案：The text states the people eating at Wang Peng?s restaurant becoming fewer instead a new restaurant offering food like raw vegetables nearby was full of people. Finally with their joint efforts both of them won the competition .
3课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
1【原句】He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：A, B and C＋分词作定语.
【模仿】这张照片使我想起了1992年发生在身边我的人，地方和事情。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：picture reminded me of the people, the place and the things happening round me in 1992.
2 【原句】Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：something must be done if …as…
【模仿】1）如果你想如同玛丽一样取得很大的进步，更多的练习是必不可少的。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Some more exercise should be done if you intend to make much progress as Mary did last term.
【模仿】2）昨天他没有按照我吩咐的参加会议，一定有什么事发生了。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：Something wrong must have happened if he did not come to attend the meeting as I told him.
3 【原句】Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fiber.
[模仿要点] 形容词作定语，相当于一个定语从句－which is full of…
【模仿】最后他们来到一个小农舍，看见一条小溪从长满各种花草的山谷流过。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：At last they arrived at a small cottage and found a stream running through the valley covered with different kinds flowers and trees. (--which was covered with…)
4 【原句】Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang became slimmer and Yong put on more weight.
[模仿要点] 句子结构: such a … that从句
【模仿】他的刻苦训练给他带来很大的成功，他不久就进入了广东省跳水队。
__________________________________________________________________________________答案：His hard training led to such a success that very soon he was admitted to the diving team in Guangdong Province .
单元自测（模块）
1完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Until 1954 it was thought that no man could run one mile in less than four minutes. As years 1 , the record came closer and closer to four minutes and Roger Bannister, a young English 2 , began to believe he might 3 this almost magic barrier.
It was a cold afternoon on May 6th,1954, when Bannister knew he had a 4 chance. Describing the 5 later, Bannister said, “On the way to the track the wind blew strongly. As I 6 for the start I glanced at the flag. It moved 7 now. This was the moment when I made my decision.”
“The gun fired. My legs seemed to meet no resistance, as if I was 8 forward by some unknown force. The noise from the faithful crowd gave me greater strength. I felt the moment of a lifetime had come.”
“I was driven on by a 9 of fear and pride. But when I leapt at（冲向）the finishing tape, I fell, almost 10 .”
“I knew I had done it, even before I heard the time. The announcement came. …Result of the one mile…Time, three minutes…?the test was lost in the noise of excitement.”
1. A. passed along B. passed down C. went by D. went over
2. A. coach B. athlete C. captain D.judge
3. A. defeat B. move C. beat D. break
4. A. real B. lucky C. serious D. false
5. A. accident B. event C. issue D. topic
6. A. did up B. made up C. put up D. lined up
7. A. safely B. heavily C. thinly D. gently
8. A. dragged B. drawn C. pulled D. pushed
9. A. concentration B. collection C. combination D. dissatisfaction
10. A. unconcerned B. unconscious C. unknown D. unnoticed
答案：
本文讲述的是一名英国的年青人是如何打破纪录的事情。
1. C 固定结构“as years go by”，意为“随着岁月的推移”。根据文章是过去时故用went by。
2. B 根据文中的插入语用法，我们得知讲的是运动员破纪录的事，所以Roger Bannister是个运动员。
3. D 根据动词和宾语的逻辑搭配的解题方法得知，“障碍”应该搭配“打破”。
4. A 修饰“机会”的形容词，符合上下文的应该是“真正的”。
5. B 因为Bannister描述的是体育赛事，event表示体育赛事，体育项目。如。The next event will be
the 100 yards race. 下一个比赛项目是100码赛跑。
6. D 根据常识提供的信息：运动员在起点处准备起跑时是排成直线站（lined up for the start）准备起跑。别的选项不合上下文。
7. D 根据常识提供的信息：旗子正在风中应该是（gently）轻柔地飘着。
8. D 根据情景提供的信息：枪刚响，在起点处的运动员比较拥挤，所以说“好像被往向前（pushed）推一样”。
9. C 根据后面fear and pride的提示，可以得知是一种恐惧和自豪相结合的感觉。
10. B 根据情景描述，“冲动终点，摔倒了”，几乎失去（unconscious）知觉符合逻辑。
2.语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. It rises in the mountains on Qinghai and flows right across China to the Yellow Sea. 1 the river and the sea are called Yellow because of the yellow mud 2 the river carries down from the desert into the sea, 3 (make) the water a yellow color. When the river reaches the flat plain and flows less fast, it drops much of 4 mud, filling up the riverbed and forcing the water to overflow its banks and flood the countryside 5 miles. These terrible floods wash away crops and destroy whole villages. They have brought death and famine(饥饿) to 6 many people that the river is sometimes called"China's sorrow."In order to prevent the floods, they 7 (build) banks of earth, called dykes (河堤) along both sides. 8 the river brought down more mud and broke through the dykes, people mended them and built them higher, 9 now in some parts the river flows as much as twenty feet above, 10 the danger of floods, fanning had been carried for centuries.
答案：
1．Both 属both…and…．固定搭配，意为：……和……两者都；
2．which/ that 考查限制性定语从句，先行词是物，：
3．making 现在分词短语做结果状语：
4．its 指代前面的名词plain，考查形容词性物主代词；
5．for overflow for miles表示淹没持续了—段距离。
6．so so many+可数名词复数，so much+不可数名词表“那么多的……”
7．have built 考查动词的现在完成时态：
8．As as引导的时间状语从句，表“随着……”
9．until until now表“直到现在”：
10．despite 根据上下文此处需要使用“尽管……但是”，由于后面是名词短语，不能用though 等。
3. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out that there are better things you could do for your health than take deep breaths on a smoggy day. A growing pile of research suggests that even relatively low levels of air pollution may be more harmful than previously realized, to both heart and lungs. The latest salvo from researchers, published this week in the New England Journal of Medicine, focuses on how particulate (微粒) matter from air pollution affects lung (肺) function.
According to an American Lung Association report, particulate pollution refers to the mix of solid and liquid particles in the air that can come from natural sources, such as dust storms or wildfires, or from such human activity as the burning of fossil fuels in factories or the use of diesel (柴油机) engines. Other particulates are produced when certain chemicals and substances react with one another in the atmosphere.
The effect of low levels of particulate pollution found in many urban areas is not unlike secondhand smoke, exports say. Studies show that short-term adverse effects from particulates include diminished lung funct ion, coughing, wheezing, cardiac arrhythmias and heart attacks. Long-term exposure can also worsen asthma, slow normal lung growth, damage lung airways, and increase the risk of dying from lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Certain populations, such as the very old and the very young, are the most vulnerable to air pollution.
H owever, even the most alarming studies conducted in the most polluted areas suggest that the average person's individual risk from exposure (暴露) is very slight. Relative risk numbers often seem more frightening than they actually are. For example, an earlier study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that short-term exposure to traffic fumes tripled ( 成为3倍) the risk of heart attacks in heart-attack survivors. What's easily forgotten, says Rilkin, is that the risk was extremely small to start with. Jogging, for example, could elevate (提高) the risk of a heart attack by a similar amount, says Robert Brook, a cardiac physician at the University of Michigan.
Short of moving to the countryside or at least away from busy roads, shielding yourself from the effects of air pollution is not easy. Masks won't work, as many particles can slip right through. At the very least, suggests Murray Mittleman, a cardiologist at Harvard University, people who regularly exercise outdoors near highways may want to consider remapping their route.
1. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
A. Rocket scientists are mak ing researches on people?s health.
B. It's obvious that air pollution has a bad effect on people?s health.
C. People aren't sure whether taking deep breaths on a smoggy day is bad.
D. People often have a hard time when taking deep breaths on a smoggy day.
2. The word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 4 probably means _________.
A. easy to be hurt
B. easy to be protected
C. easy to be used
D. easy to be influenced
3. The main idea of Paragraph 4 is _________.
A. that even small risk from particulate causes big problems
B. that air pollution often leads to heart attack
C. who are most likely to get affected
D. that we shouldn't worry about the average low risk
4. In order to be healthier, you'd better _________.
A. take deep breaths
B. wear a mask
C. live in a countryside
D. clean the busy road
5. The passage is written in a(n) _________ tone.
A. subjective
B. humorous
C. doubtful
D. objective
答案：本文主要介绍了空气污染中的微笑颗粒是如何形成和影响人的健康的。
1. B 句义理解题。读完全文，结合上下文语境，不难看出作者此句话的目的是说：不用研究高
深科技的火箭专家（研究），人们也知道，在雾天深呼吸对身体健康不利。
2. A 猜测词义题。根据上下文可知老年人和小孩是最容易受到空气污染的危害的故选择A项。
3. A 归纳段落大意题。第4段就是讲相对小的受污染的风险最终会导致很坏的后果。
4. C 推理判断题。由文章第一句话可知，深呼吸不一定能够更加健康。根据最后一段中masks
won’t work, as many particles can slip right through.可知B项是错误的。最后一段中提到乡村居住是一种降低空气污染的途径，又由文章最后一句people who regularly exercise outdoors near highways may want to consider remapping their route.可推出C项正确。由short-term exposure to traffic fumes tripled （成为3倍）the risk of heart attacks 可知D也不
符合文意。
5. D 总体把握题。文章主要讲的是空气污染中的颗粒污染及其危害。作者是以科学客观的态度
来写整篇文章的。
4.读写任务
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
"Can I see my baby? "asked the happy new mother. The bundle (婴儿包) was placed in her arms and when she moved the fold of cloth to look upon his tiny face, she gasped-the baby had been born without ears. Time, however, proved that the baby's hearing was perfect except his appearance.
One day when he rushed home from school and threw himself into his mother's arms, he cried out bitterly, "A boy, a big boy ... called me-a f-...freak.” She sighed, knowing that his life was to be endless of heartbreaks.
He grew up, handsome for his misfortune. A favorite with his fellow students, he might have been class president, but for that. He developed a gift for literature and music.
The boy's father had a talk with the family doctor. Could nothing be done? "I believe we could graft (移植) on a pair of outer ears, if they could be donated (捐献)," the doctor decided. So the search began for a person who would make such a sacrifice for a young man. Two years went by. Then, "You're going to the hospital, son. Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need. But it's a secret." said the father.
The operation was a brilliant success. His talents blossomed (vi.开花) into genius. School and college became a series of successes. Later he married and entered the diplomatic (外交) service. "But I must know! "he urged his father. "Who gave so much for me? I could never do enough for him." "I do not believe you could," said the father, "but the agreement was that you are not to know ... not yet." The years kept the secret, but the day did come...one of the darkest days that ever pass through a son. He stood with his father over his mother's casket (棺材). Slowly and tenderly, the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick, reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.
[写作内容]
1．以约30个词概括这个感人的故事；
2．以约120个词，请就“在受别人的帮助中，学会了帮助别人”的话题写一篇英语短文，表达你内心的感受，并包括如下要点：
(1)你看完这个故事后，你如何评价这位母亲的无私行为；
(2)请以你的日常生活经历的事情为例，说明别人的善良行为对你有何影响；
(3)你的感想。
[写作要求]
1. 作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
[写作辅导]
1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：抚养小孩raise one?s children，
2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：The baby had been born without ears.--/"You're going to the hospital, son. Mother and I have someone who will donate the ears you need. But it's a secret." said the father. / The operation was a brilliant success. / ... one of the darkest days that ever pass through a son. He stood with his father over his mother's casket (棺材). Slowly and tenderly, the father stretched forth a hand and raised the thick, reddish-brown hair to let out the secret.
3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章中要求你看完这个故事后，你如何评价这位母亲的无私行为，属于是评论性文字和结论性的观点，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态。而“请以你的日常生活经历的事情为例，说明别人的善良行为”属于经历，故用一般过去时。后面对你的影响可以用一般现在时态去写。
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