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THAT用法总结

THAT用法总结
THAT用法总结

THAT用法知多少?

“that”在英文中是一个使用频率很高的单词。它有四种词性,并且句法及语法功能纷繁复杂。同学们如果不能熟练掌握其用法,很可能会形成英语学习的一种障碍,从而影响其学习兴趣和效率。现将that的用法总结归纳如下:

第一、that 用作形容词(后接复数名词时用those)。

它用来指已被提到的人或物;也可表对比,指两个中较远的那个。

What about that book you borrowed from me last month?

请注意,that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。

that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子

That George!乔治那家伙!(含有轻蔑语气)

第二、that 用作代词。

1. that 用作指示代词(复数形式是those),其指代意义同形容词用法,同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词;还可为了避免重复,代替前述名词。

That is what he told me.

What is that (which) you have got in your hand?

The price of rice is higher than that of flour.

2. that 用作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物,用法相当于who或which。(但是在下列情况下多用that:先行词既有人又有物时;先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very,only等修饰时;先行词是不定代词时)

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced.

She has little information that is useful for our research.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

请注意,that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。

The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies.

第三、that 用作连词,引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。

1. that名词性从句。

①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。

I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.

The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough.

②引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。

That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.

(It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.)

③引导表语从句。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

④引导同位语从句。

引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用,在从句中不作任何成分;而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明:

The news that he resigned from office surprised us.

The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus.

2. that引导状语从句

①引导目的状语从句。

Bring it nearer that I may see it better.

②引导结果状语从句。

What have I done that he should be so angry with me?

③引导原因状语从句。

I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.

④引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然、尽管”。

Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.

⑤引导条件状语从句。意为“假使、假设”。

Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?

On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.

3. 引导强调句。

It is Mrs. White that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little husband.

It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

第四、that用作副词。

1. that用作普通副词。

I was that/so angry I could have hit him.

2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句,可以代替when,where,why或in which,常可省略。

I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre.

The house (that)/where I used to live has been knocked down.

第五,与that 有关的常见重要短语。

1. in that,意为“既然、因为”。

Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.

2. now that,意为“既然、由于”。

Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened.

3. see (to it) that,意为“注意、务必做到、保证”。

We will see to it that she gets home early.

See to it that you are not late again.

4. seeing that,意为“鉴于、由于”。

Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.

Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didn't disturb him.

以上是that主要用法的概述,希望能对大家有所帮助。当然,that还有其他的一些用法,需要我们在学习的过程中不断地积累和总结。

as是英语中用得比较多的一个词,也是很多学生反映较难掌握的一个词。as的词性较多,用法也较复杂,因此掌握该词会对英语学习很有帮助。下面对as的用法作一个归纳。

一、as作连词的用法

1. as...as的用法

as...as意为"和……一样",表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词,第二个as

为连词。其基本结构为:as+ adj./ adv. +as。例如:

(1)This film is as interesting as that one.这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。

(2)Your pen writes as smoothly as mine.你的钢笔书写起来和我的一样流畅。

其否定式为not as/so +adj./ adv. +as。例如:

This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。

若有修饰成分,如twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前。

例如:Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.你的袋子比我的贵一倍。

几个关于as...as的常见句型:

(1)as...as possible

Please answer my question as soon as possible.请尽快回答我的问题。

(2)as...as usual/before

She looks as pretty as before.她看起来和以前一样漂亮。

(3)as long as... (引导条件状语从句)

It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan.我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。

(4)as far as

He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening.昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站。

(5)as well as

She cooks as well as her mother does.她烧菜烧得跟她母亲一样好。

一些带有as...as结构的常见短语归纳:

as busy as a bee像蜜蜂一样忙碌

as easy as ABC像ABC一样容易

as deep as a well像井一样深

as light as a feather像羽毛一样轻

as soft as butter像黄油一样软

as rich as a Jew像犹太人一样富裕

2. as用作连词引导时间状语从句

as与when,while都是引导时间状语从句的从属连词,含义都是"当……的时候"。但它们有区别:用when时,从句的动作可以与主句的动作同时发生,也可以先于主句的动作发生;用while时,从句的动作为一过程,主句动作与从句动作同时进行或在从句动作过程中发生;用as时,主句和从句的动作同时发生,具有延续的含义。例如:

(1)It was snowing when he arrived at the construction site.

他到达工地时,天正在下雪。

(2)He was watching TV while his mother was cooking.他母亲做饭时他在看电视。

(3) You will grow wiser as you grow older.你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。

3. as用作连词引导原因状语从句

as,because,since都可以表示因果关系,连接原因状语从句,含义是"因为,由于",但它们有区别:because表示的语气最强;as一般放在句首,语气较弱,较口语化;since常常用在书面语中,表示多为对方已知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因,有时可译作"既然"。例如:

(1) He will succeed because he is in earnest.他一定会成功,因为他很认真。

(2) Since you are so sure of it,he”ll believe you.

既然你对此如此有把握,他会相信你的。

(3) As rain has fallen, the air is cooler.因为下过雨,空气比较清爽。

4. as作连词引导让步状语从句

as与although (或though),however (或no matter how)等都可以引导让步状语从句,含义是"虽然,尽管",但它们有区别:although语气稍正式些,可放在句首,也可放在句中,主句中不能再用but,但可以用yet;as所表示的语气较强,引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序;however引导让步状语从句时,它的后面可跟形容词或副词,也要用倒装语序。例如:

(1) Although he is quite old, he still jogs every day.他虽然年纪相当大,仍然每天慢跑。

(2) Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.这次意外虽然显得令人不可思议,却没有人受伤。

(3) However hard he may try, he will not attain his goal.无论他怎样努力也达不到目标。

二、as作关系代词的用法

关系代词as引导定语从句时,既可以单独使用,也可以与其他词连用,其用法要比that 和which更为复杂。

1. as引导定语从句与其他词连用

①用于the same...as结构中

This is the same book as I read last week.这本书和我上周读的那本是一样的。

②用于such...as结构中

I don”t like such books as he recommends.我不喜欢他推荐的那些书。

③用于"so +adj. + a/an + n. (单数) + as "结构中

I am not so strong a man as I was.我已经没有从前那么强壮了。

2. as单独引导定语从句

as单独引导定语从句时,先行词可以是一个词,也可以是一个句子或短语。例如:

(1) She is late, as is often the case.她迟到了,这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句)

(2) To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.对事实视而不见--你们好多人都是如此的愚蠢。(先行词是不定式短语)

三、as作介词的用法

as作介词,意思是"作为","以……身份"。例如:

He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。

四、as作副词的用法

to the same degree or amount; equally "相同地","同样地"。例如:

They don”t have as many airplanes.他们没有同样多的飞机。

“ as … as …结构”在英语中用法较多,学生在平时的学习中会频繁地接触到此种结构。有部分学生认为“ as … as… 结构”中只能出现形容词或副词并且认为此结构只能用于原级比较,这种认识是单一的。实际上“ as … as… 结构”经过不同变化可以构成不同的短语和句式,这些短语和句式被灵活地运用于课文和练习中。如果学生对此结构的用法了解不多,就会在平时的学习中遇到障碍。为了帮助学生清除障碍,笔者就“ as … as… 结构”的几种用法介绍如下:

“as + 形容词或副词原级+ as…” 意为“和……一样”,表示同级的比较,但要注意第一个 as 为副词,第二个as 为连词。根据比较对象和性质的不同又可以把此种结构分为三种:

(一)“ as … as …结构”用于表示不同人或物同一性质的比较,意为“……和……一样…… " 。例如:

The tree is as tall as the building(is) .这棵树和那栋楼一样高。

注意此结构也常用于形象比喻中:as cool as cucumber 沉着的,as stubborn as a mule 非常顽强的,倔强的, as clear as crystal 非常透明的,as poor as a church mouse 非常贫困的, as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌,as easy as ABC 像ABC 一样容易,as deep as a well 像井一样深,as light as a feather 像羽毛一样轻, as soft as butter 像黄油一样软。这些短语生动活泼,浅显易懂,记住这些短语可以提高学生的英语写作和口语能力。

(二)“ as … as …结构”用于表示同一个人或物不同性质的比较,意为“既……又……” 。例如:

This swimming pool is as wide as it is long. 这个游泳池宽度和长度相等。

(三)“ as … as …结构”用于表示两个人或物不同性质的比较,表示程度相同或相当,意为“……而……”。在否定句中结构是“ so/as…as… ”。例如:

He was as handsome as his wife was beautiful .他长得非常英俊,他的妻子也长得非常漂亮。

He was as experienced as his brother was green .他经验丰富,而他兄弟却涉世未深。

He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

Danny is not so/as wise as he is witty .丹尼为人风趣,但欠明智。

需要注意的是:“as + 形容词或副词原级+ as…” 结构的变体形式是“ as + 形容词+ a + 单数名词+ as 或 as + many/much + 名词+ as ”。意为“……和……一样…… " 。例如:

I don't want as expensive a car as this. =I don't want a car as expensive as this .我不要这么贵的汽车。

This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个例子一样好。

Tony is as clever a boy as his brother .托尼是一个和他兄弟一样聪明的男孩。

I can carry as much paper as you can. 我能搬得动和你一样多的纸。

此外,变体结构的否定形式为“ so +adj. + a/an + n. ( 单数) + as " 。例如:

I am not so strong a man as I was. 我已经没有从前那么强壮了。

二、“as … as… 结构” 中常见词组和句式的用法

“as … as… 结构” 中常见词组和句式有很多,最常见的词组有“ as soon as ”意思是" 一…… 就……", 引导一个时间状语从句,还有“ as much as ”和“ as many as ”意思是“像…… 一样多……” ,用来表达极其多的语气,学生在学习中时常会遇到这些词组,对这些词组的用法并不陌生。笔者对此无需赘述。下列笔者将要介绍“as … as… 结构” 中其他一些常用词组和句式:

(一)词组“ as long as ”意思是" 长达…… 之久;只要……" 。引导时间或条件状语从句。如:

It took us as long as three years to carry out the plan. 我们花了长达三年的时间才完成这项计划。

You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back. 只要你答应归还,你就可以把这书借走。

As long as you work hard, you are sure to succeed in everything. 只要你努力,你就一定会事事成功。

(二)词组“ as far as ” 意思是“那么远,就… … 而知,就… … 言,” 如:

He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening. 昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站。

As f ar as I’m concerned, she is the most qualified for the job.

在我看来,她是最适合这份工作的。

(三)句式“ as+ many/much+ 名词+as” 意思是“ …… 和…… 一样”。此结构是词组“ as much as ”和“ as many as ”的变体形式。如:

To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing. 吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。

He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员。

Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as(are) the other planets.

彗星和其他的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。

(四)以下几个结构的意思都差不多:“ as … as possible/as…as one can(could)/as…as…can be” 都表示“尽可能地… … ”的意思。如:

Read the story as quickly as possible. = Read the story as quickly as you can. 尽快地阅读这篇故事。

They watered the trees as often as possible. = They watered the trees as often as they could.

他们尽可能经常给树浇水。

His failure is as plain as plain can be. 他的失败是再明白不过了。

He is as handsome as handsome can be. 他潇洒极了。

Mary is as hardworking as can be 玛丽学习极为努力。

其他例如:as wise as wise can be 再聪明不过了as white as white can be 白得不能再白了as wrong as wrong can be 错得太离谱了

(五)“ as … as usual/ever/before ”此结构的意思是“像平时/ 以前一样”。如:

He gets up as early as usual. 他像平时一样早起。

He seems to be as busy as ever. 他似乎像往常一样忙碌。

He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一样努力工作。

She was as beautiful as ever after so many years. 过了这么多年她美丽如故。

(六)“ as … as …结构”可以用来表示倍数。具体用法是倍数词:twice ,three times ,half 或a quarter 置于第一个as 之前,意思是“ …… 是…… 的几倍”。如:

You are not half as clever as you think you are .你可不像自己想象的那么聪明。

She isn ’ t going out with a man who is twice as old as she .她不打算和一个比她大一倍的人出去散步。

We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did last year.

我们今年的棉花产量是去年的两倍。

She works three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。

需要注意的是,在比较级前还可以用“ over, more than ” 等表示“比…… 倍数还要多”。如:He is more than three times as rich as I. 他的财富是我的三倍还不止。

I am more than twice as old as he. 我的年龄是他是两倍还不止。

He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止。

He has collected more than four times as many stamps as I. 他搜集的邮票是我的四倍还不止。

(七)词组“ as well as ”意思是“像…一样好,既…又… , 除之外还”,此短语使用频率十分高,用途非常广泛。它可以用作连词和介词,也可以表示比较。具体用法如下:

1. 词组“ as well as ”用作连词。连接两个并列的同等成分,其意义为“不但……而且……”,“既……又……”,这时相当于“ not only … but also… ”。它所连接的部分既可以是单词、短语,也可以是句子。例如:

He speaks Japanese as well as English and French. 他不但讲英语和法语,而且还讲日语。

2. 词组“ as well as ”用作介词。此时,相当于besides ,意为“除……之外”,后常接名词、动名词。如

As well as visiting the old man, he helped to clean the room. 除看望老人外,他还帮助打扫房间。

3. “ as well as ”用于同级比较, 意为“和……一样(好)”,这时,第一个as 是副词,第二个as 是连词,引导一个状语从句,表示同级比较。如:He can operate the machine as well as I do. 他操作这台机器和我一样熟练。

4. 在使用“ as well as ” 时还应注意以下几点:

( 1 )当“ as well as ” 连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数应与“ as well as ” 之前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。如:Mary as well as I has been to the Great Wall. 我和玛丽去过长城。

( 2 )当“ as well as ”连接两个谓语动词时,前后时态与形式应保持一致。如:

They play the piano as well as sing. 他们不但会唱歌,而且会弹琴。

( 3 )当“ as well as ”连接两个简单动词时,也可充当插入语,这时as well as 后的动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。如:He works, as well as sleeps, in the room. 他既在这房间里睡觉,又在这儿工作。

( 4 )当“ as well as ”前的动词是分词或不定式,那么“ as well as ” 后的动词应取相应的形式(不定式不带to )。如:You can’t expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.

你不可能叫她既做家务又照看小孩。

( 5 )如果“ as well as ”前的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过去时,“ as well as ” 之后的动词可与前面一致,也可用动名词形式。如:

She sings as well as playing the piano. 她不但会弹琴,而且会唱歌。

Heavy smoking runs away with your money, as well as being bad for your health.

抽烟多既浪费金钱,又对健康不利。

( 6 )如果“ as well as ” 前面的动词是分词,那么“ as well as ” 后的动词也应用分词形式。如:

We are repairing the roof, as well as painting the walls. 我们既油漆墙壁,又修房顶。

(7 )“ as well as ”也可以用于否定结构中,当not 位于“ as well as ” 后时,两者都否定;当not 用于as well as 前时,否定前者,肯定后者。试比较:

I shall not see the film as well as he. 他将去看电影,而我不去。

I, as well as he, shall not see the film. 他不去看电影,我也不去。

通过以上分析可以发现“ as … as …结构”看似简单,但此结构变化太多,不易掌握。只有在平时的学习中多做练习才能熟能生巧。

初中英语介词用法归纳总结

初中英语介词用法归纳总结 常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。

注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。

use用法总结

u s e用法总结 -标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

use的用法简单归纳如下: 1. used to do sth.意为"过去常常做某事",它表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而现在已不再发生或存在。这个短语含有今昔对比之意,其否定形式常用used not to或didn't use to。反意疑问句中应该用did/didn't或used/usedn't。例如: I used to swim in this river when I was young.我年轻时常在这条河里游泳。 They used to be good friends, didn't they他们过去是好朋友,是吗? 2. be used to sth. / doing sth.意为"习惯、适应某事/做某事",它表示习惯于某一客观事实或状态,其中to是介词,后面跟名词、代词或动名词;be used可用于多种时态;如强调动作可用get或become替换be。例如: Old people are used to getting up early in the morning.老年人习惯早晨很早起床。 I wasn't used to city life, but now I have got used to living in this city.我以前不习惯都市生活,但现在我已习惯住在这座城市了。 3. be used to do sth.意为"被用来做某事",其中use表"使用"之意,是被动语态形式,to是动词不定式符号。例如: Wood can be used to make paper.树木可以用来造纸。 4. be used for...意为"被当做……",其中use表"使用"之意,是被动语态形式。例如: The seal's fur can be used for coats.海豹皮可当做大衣用。 5. be of use意为"有用的",其中use是名词,可用形容词来修饰。例如: The dictionary is of great use to the students.这本字典对学生们很有用。 6. be in use意为"在使用",其中use也是名词。例如:

介词by用法归纳-九年级

页脚.

. . 教学过程 一、课堂导入 本堂知识是初中最常见的介词by的一个整理与总结,让学生对这个词的用法有一个系统的认识。页脚.

. . 二、复习预习 复习上一单元的知识点之后,以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目,再老师没有讲解的情况下,让学生独立思考,给出答案与解释,促进学生发现问题,同时老师也能发现学生的盲点,并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。 页脚.

. . 三、知识讲解 知识点1: by + v.-ing结构是一个重点,该结构意思是“通过……,以……的方式”,后面常接v.-ing形式,表示“通过某种方式得到某种结果”,即表示行为的方式或手段。 I practice speaking English by joining an English-language club. 我通过加入一个英语语言俱乐部来练习讲英语。 Mr Li makes a living by driving taxis.先生靠开出租车为生。 页脚.

. . 页脚. 介词by + v.-ing 结构常用来回答How do you...?或How can I...?之类的问题。 —How do you learn English? 你怎样学习英语呢? —I learn English by reading aloud. 我通过大声朗读来学英语。 —How can I turn on the computer? 我怎样才能打开电脑呢? —By pressing this button. 按这个按钮。 知识点2:by 是个常用介词,其他用法还有: 1【考查点】表示位置,意思是“在……旁边”,“靠近……”,有时可与beside互换。 The girls are playing by (beside) the lake. 女孩们正在湖边玩。 此时要注意它与介词near有所不同,即by 表示的距离更“近”。比较: He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。

学法用法工作总结

学法用法工作总结 学法用法工作总结(一) 加强依法治校,全面提高师生法制意识和学法用法自觉性是学校一项重要战略任务。近年来,我校坚持组织领导、建章立制、课内与课外、校内与校外相结合,将普法依法治理工作纳入学校重要议事日程,普法经费足额到位;结合实际,有针对性地开展学法用法活动,保证和促进了学校法制教育走上规范的管理和依法运行的轨道。 一、加强领导,形成依法治校的工作机制 组织建设是开展依法治校工作的根本保证。学校成立依法治校领导小组,由校长、党支部书记任组长,德育副校长、法制副校长任副组长,政教处、教务处、总务处、保卫科、团委负责人为成员,学校与交警队、消防队、派出所等单位建立了共建关系,保卫科负责具体抓落实工作,把依法治校工作摆上重要议事日程,做到依法治校工作与学校各项工作同计划、同实施,并把目标任务分解到各个处,确保依法治校工作齐抓、共管,各司其职、各负其责,层层抓落实的工作格局。 二、建章立制,确保依法治校的顺利实施 建章立制是落实依法治校的具体措施,依照宪法、法律、法规和规章结合学校实际情况,我校制定了一系列规章制度,如各处室管理制度、教职员工考核奖惩制度、德育规章制度等,保证学校各部门、各岗位工作有序高效运作,使学校法制管理走上了规范化、制度化轨

道。此外,学校通过板报、标语、横幅、集会、校园网、家校短信平台等形式,向全体师生和广大家长广泛宣传,在校报《校园之声》和校园广播《青春之音》上开辟专栏,进行宣传。通过广泛宣传,使“法律进校园”活动深入人心,增强了师生学法、守法的积极性和自觉性。 三、推进依法治教,构建法制校园。 我们开展“法律进校园”活动作为把依法治教、依法治校的前提,不断加大工作力度,积极实施,稳步推进。一是建立完善学校学法用法工作制度;二是加强学校领导、教职工的普法学法工作,号召全体教师自觉学法律、讲权利、讲义务、讲责任,进一步增强法制观念和法律素质。组织广大教师深入学习《宪法》、《教育法》、《教师法》、《刑法》、《治安管理处罚法》、《道路交通安全法》、《食品卫生法》等,在学法、用法和守法、护法中发挥表率作用。三是进一步建立健全符合法律法规、工作条例的学校管理制度,形成具有法治理念的校园秩序和文化氛围,使学校成为学生参与法治实践,培养法制观念,提高法制素质的重要场所。学校将管理制度汇编成册,装订成书,教师人手一册,加强了制度管理的透明度和执行的自觉性。 四、加强法制教育,普及法律知识。 1、立足课堂,充分发挥青少年法制教育主渠道作用。

(完整版)havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结

havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结 have sth. done,have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 等四种句型的区别 Thanks to: 许氏英语教学暨研究工作室 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 例:①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。 (2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与)。 例:①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必 须在星期二以前完成此项工作。 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 例:①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被(风)吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。

(4) 用于否定句中,表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例:①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例:①I had him repair my bike. (=I got him to repair my bike.)我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 (2)表示主语无意识的行为,这时“have”作“有”解。例:These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. (3)表示主语“经历”某事。 例:He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 (4)在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例:I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。(1)在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”,“让某情况发生”之意,含有动作正在进行之意。 例:①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起

超全的英语介词用法归纳总结

超全的英语介词用法归纳总结常用介词基本用法辨析 表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。 Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。 Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。 Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at 表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。 It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for 表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。

3. by 表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。 They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of 成品仍可看出原料。 This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from 成品已看不出原料。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in 表示用某种材料或语言。 Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈。 表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by 用某种方式,多用于交通。 I went there by bus. 我坐公共汽车去那儿。 2. with表示“用某种工具”。 He broke the window with a stone. 他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意:with表示用某种工具时,必须用冠词或物主代词。

插入语用法归纳

插入语用法归纳 插入语用法很多,在句子中的位置比较灵活,在学习中应当认真去体会。大体而言,插入语可以分为以下几类: 1. 用简短的句子结构作插入语。这类短语有:I think, I hope, I guess, I believe, I suppose, I wonder, I tell you, I say, I'm afraid, I'm sure, you see, you know, as you know, that is, that is to say, what's more等等,它们可以置于句中或句尾。如: I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly. This diet, I think, will do good to your health. It won't be raining long, I hope. You will have to work harder, you know, if you want to succeed. 2. 副词或副词短语用作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首或句尾。如: Happily for him, his father's second wife was kind to him too. You'll be able to pass the coming exam, surely. Luckily for him, he didn't hurt in the accident. Honestly, I don't need it at the moment. 3. 介词或介词短语作插入语,这类插入语一般放在句首,有时也可放在句中。如: Like most of my schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters-in other words, I'm an only child. By the way, Bob sends his best wishes. On the other hand, I didn't know you were there. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. 4. 分词短语作插入语。如: Judging from your accent, you must be from England. Generally speaking, he is the best student in our class. Compared with China, the USA is smaller. 5. 不定式短语作插入语。如: To put it mildly, he was not up to the mark. To tell you the truth, I don't want to see her. To be sure, Jim is a faster skater, but he is not good at doing figures. To conclude, it was a great success. 在日常交际用语和书面表达中,插入语频频出现。英语中的插入语(Parenthesis)是插在句子中的一个词,短语或从句,通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系,因此,有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。 插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释,说明或总结;有时表示说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。 插入语大致可分为以下10种类型: 1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语

介词的用法总结归纳

介词的用法总结归纳 一、 In 介词 prep. 1.(表示位置)在…里面; 在, 于; 在…部位上 I could feel the tension in the room.我可以感觉到房间里的紧张气氛。 They live in France.他们住在法国。 2.(表示时间)在…时期, 在…之后, 在过程中 In her twenties and thirties she had had no difficulty getting jobs. 她在二三十岁时找工作一点也不困难。 I cannot see you now, e back in half an hour.我现在不能见你, 半小时后回来。 3.(表示方向)往…内, 朝…方向 I saw him go in the shop.我看到他走进了商店。 4.(表示状态)处于…之中, 在…情况下 Martin was in his pyjamas.马丁穿着睡衣。 They were living in terrible poverty.他们生活在极度贫困之中。 5.(表示方式)用, 以, 按, 乘, 以…形式 They were speaking in Italian.他们在讲意大利语。 They went up in the lift.他们乘电梯上楼了。

6.(表示原因)由于, 为了 He went in fear of his life.他为自己的性命担忧, 所以走了。 7.(表示领域, 范围)在…以内 It is not in my power to do that.做那事非我力所能及。 8.(表示结果)当做, 作为 What did you give him in return?你给他什么作为报答呢? 9.(表示目的)为了 They set off in search of the lost child.他们出发去寻找走失的孩子。 10.[表示职业、活动等]从事于,参加 11.[表示数量、程度、比例]按,以;从…中 12.[表示品质、能力等]在…之中;在…身上 I don't think he had it in him.我认为他没这个本事。 二、Into 介词 prep. 1.(表示时间)持续到, 进行到 The meeting carried on into the afternoon.会议一直延续到下午。 2.(表示方向)进入…中, 到…里 Anney dived into the water.安尼潜入水中。 He came into the room.他到房子里面。 3.(表示状态)进入…状态, 欠…债

Have的用法讲解

在英语单词中,have本身包含具体的词意"有",还可以用作助动词,这也是广大学生同胞们在做关于have的翻译疑问句时经常纠结的地方。更重要的是have可以和很多单词构成短语,下面我们就为同学全面归纳“have+宾语+非谓语动词”这一结构的用法。 一、have + 宾语+ 不定式 该结构中have的基本意思是“有” 1. 表示有某事要做,其中的不定式为定语。如: She didn’t have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝。 2. 表示因为有A结果发生了B,其中的不定式为结果状语。如: I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运,找他时他正在家。 二、have + 宾语+ 动词原形 该结构中的动词原形,实为省略了to的不定式,用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有: 1. 表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。如: He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的儿子擦车。 2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与won’t, can’t连用)。如:

I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。 三、have + 宾语+ 现在分词 该结构中的现在分词用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有: 1. 表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中。如: She had her audience listening attentively. 她使听众听得入神。 2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与won’t, can’t连用)。如: I won’t have you smoki ng at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。 3. 说服或命令某人做某事。如: He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her. 他叫我为她做各种事情。 四、have + 宾语+ 过去分词 该结构的最大特点就是,其中的过去分词与其前的宾语有被动关系。具体说来,该结构有以下主要用法: 1. 表示请(让)别人做某事。如: We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。

疑问代词用法总结归纳

疑问代词用法总结归纳 以下是为大家整理的疑问代词的用法总结,希望能帮助大家更好地认识疑问代词,提高英语水平。 1) 疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个: 指人:who, whom, whose 指物:what 既可指人又可指物:which 2) 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除who之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose还可作限定词。试比较: 疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的? 限定词:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的? What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?哪些事件使密西西比

河以东的大部分土地归属于美国? 说明1: 无论是做疑问代词还是限定词,which 和what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的,而which则指在一定的范围内,例如: What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘? Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘? 说明2: Whom是who的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用who代替,但在介词后只能用whom, 例如: Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首) Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语) To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用who 取代。) 说明3: 疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:

初中英语介词用法归纳整理

初中英语介词用法归纳整理 表示时间的介词 at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。 on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午,下午,晚上指具体的某一天时,一律用on in:用于表示周,月,季节,年,泛指上午,下午,晚上 before:在...之前 after:在...之后 by:在....前时间截止到... untiltill:直到.....为止 for:达...之久表示过了多少时间 during:在....期间 through:一直..从开始到结束 from:从...起时间 since:自从...以来表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续 in:过...后未来时间 within:不超过...的范围 表示场所,方向的介词 at :在某地点表示比较狭窄的场所 in:在某地表示比较宽敞的场所 on:在...上面,有接触面 above:在...上方 over:在...正上方,是under的反义词 under:在..下面,在...之内 below :在...下方不一定是正下方

near:近的,不远的 by:在...的旁边,比near的距离要近 between:在两者之间 among:在三者或者更多的之中 around:环绕,在...的周围,在....的四周 in front of:在...的前面 behind:在...后边 in:在..之内,用于表示静止的位置 into:进入 out of :和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向 along:沿着 across:横过平面物体 through:贯通,通过 to :达到..地点目的地或方向 for:表示目的,为了..... from:从...地点起 其他介词 with:和..在一起; 具有,带有; 用某种工具或方法 in:表示用什么材料例如:墨水,铅笔等或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时,不用with而用in。 by:通过...方法,手段 of:属于...的,表示...的数量或种类 from:来自某地,某人,以...起始 without:没有,是with的反义词 like :像...一样

学法守法用法的工作总结

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要求。20xx年,我时刻紧绷依法办事、遵纪守法的弦,严守底线,按规矩办事,没有出现过任何违法违规情况。 三、积极履职,办事依法 中国已经建立了较为完善的中国特色社会主义法律体系,法制基本健全,基本实现了社会生活的各个方面均有法可依。作为一名政府公职人员,更应当自觉依法办事,依法履职,切实做好本职工作,严格落实法定职责,真正依法为民服务。这一年来,我严格按照《信访条例》及各级信访工作规定办理信访案件,实现了办结率100%;严格依据《劳动合同法》、《劳动合同法实施条例》、《劳动争议调解仲裁法》、《社会保险法》、《工伤保险条例》及国家、省、成都市等各级相关规定,依法受理、依法调解、依法结案、依法移交,全年未发生重大群体性劳动纠纷,案件调解率达95%;严格依据《治安管理处罚法》和成都市关于处置突发公共事件相关规定处置突发事件,处置合法,及时有效,确保了园区社会大局稳定。

have用法小结

have 的用法小结 一、have作实意动词。 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBⅤL1) He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBⅥL2) 〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。 〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替have. Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,(JBⅤL1) I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5) 2.have和一些其他名词连用,表示: (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.(上课)(JBⅡL11) they’re going to have a volleyball match.(举行比赛)(JBⅢL11) Are we going to have a meeting this week?(开会)(JBⅢL11) We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(听报告)(JBⅢL11) (2)患病。 I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8) I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3) (3)发生的情况。 I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)(JBⅣL10) (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBⅠL14) 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用,表示一个动作(have+a+由动词转化和名词)。 Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1) I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10) 4.have on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I notice d he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10) Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11) 6.组成复合结构即“have+宾语+宾语补足语”。 (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.),表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17) 〔注〕:否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。 …the two men had their lights burning all night long…. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done),表示: ①使(让,请)别人作某事,表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10) …he should have n ew clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SBⅠL8)

英语中一些重点词的用法归纳总结

since的用法:译作“自从…以来” (1)接时间点:如 I have stayed in that country since 1995.要求:谓v.用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词. (2)接一段时间 + ago:如 They have lived in that house since two years ago.要求:谓v. 用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词. (3)接时间状语从句:如 I have loved her since I met her last time./ Lily has stayed at home since she left school.要求:主句的谓v.用现在完成时,而且须是延续性动词;从句的谓v.用一般过去时,而且须是终止性动词. (4)用于句型“It’s / It has been + 一段时间 + since + 时间状语从句”中,译作“自从… 以来,已经…(时间)了”.如 It’s / has been three months since he moved to this city.要求:主句的谓v.用一般现在时或现在完成时;从句的谓v.用一般过去时,而且须是终止性动词. (5)用于句型“一段时间 + has passed since + 时间状语从句”中,译作“自从…以来,… (时间)已经过去了”.如上个例句还可写成:Three months has passed since he moved to this city.要求:主句的谓v.用现在完成时,而且动词必须是has passed;从句的谓v.用一般过去时,而且须是终止性动词. (6)注:当since用于否定句时,主句的谓v.可以是终止性动词.如 He hasn’t seen the film since last month. (7)相关词组:“从那时起”:ever since、since then、from then on. 注:ever since作为一个词组,放句尾可单独使用.如I have given up smoking ever since.另外,还可在since后接句子.since前加ever,只是加重语气而已.如 I have given up smoking ever since I caught a bad cough. (8) since还可引导原因状语从句,译作“由于;因为”,相当于because.如 Since he was lazy,he didn’t finish his homework.

介词for 的常见用法归纳

介词for 的常见用法归纳 贵州省黔东南州黎平县黎平一中英语组廖钟雁介词for 用法灵活并且搭配能力很强,是一个使用频率非常高的词,也是 高考必考的重要词汇,现将其常见用法归纳如下,供参考。 1.表时间、距离或数量等。 ①意为“在特定时间,定于,安排在约定时间”。如: The meeting is arranged for 9 o’clock. 会议安排在九点进行。 ②意为“持续达”,常于last、stay 、wait等持续性动词连用,表动作持续的时间,有时可以省略。如: He stayed for a long time. 他逗留了很久。 The meeting lasted (for)three hours. 会议持续了三小时。 ③意为“(距离或数量)计、达”。例如: He walked for two miles. 他走了两英里。 The shop sent me a bill for $100.商店给我送来了100美元的账单。 2. 表方向。意为“向、朝、开往、前往”。常与head、leave 、set off、start 等动词连用。如: Tomorrow Tom will leave for Beijing. 明天汤姆要去北京。 He put on his coat and headed for the door他穿上大衣向门口走去。 介词to也可表示方向,但往往与come、drive 、fly、get、go、lead、march、move、return、ride、travel、walk等动词连用。 3.表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。常与thank、famous、reason 、sake 等词连用。如: Thank you for helping me with my English. 谢谢你帮我学习英语。 For several reasons, I’d rather not meet him. 由于种种原因,我宁可不见他。 The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.西湖因美景而闻名。 4.表示目的,意为“为了、取、买”等。如: Let’s go for a walk. 我们出去散步吧。 I came here for my schoolbag.我来这儿取书包。 He plays the piano for pleasure. 他弹钢琴是为了消遣。 There is no need for anyone to know. 没必要让任何人知道。 5.表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给、为、对于”。如: Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。 Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看电视太多有害于你的健康。 Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。

英语介词的用法总结

介词的用法 1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at ,in, on, to,for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。 to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……” 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下,不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面 in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5)beside,behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面 2.表示时间的介词 1)in , on,at 在……时 in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。 如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas,at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day. 2)in, after 在……之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后; “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后; “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从…… from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;

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