中医常用词汇Terms Commonly Used in
TCM
中国医药学Traditional Chinese Medicine 治未病prevention of disease
脏腑zang-organs and fu-organs, viscera
中医基础理论Basic theory of traditional
Chinese medicine
临床经验clinical experience 功能活动functional activities
形神统一unity of the body and spirit
辨证论治treatment based on syndrome
differentiation
本草materia medica, herbs 阴阳失调imbalance of yin and yang
中药Chinese materia medica, Chinese
条达舒畅free development
medicinal herbs
四气五味four properties and five tastes 延年益寿prolonging life, promising longevity
针灸acupuncture and moxibustion, acumox 养生防病cultivating health to prevent disease
各家学说theories of different schools 正气healthy qi, vital qi
汗法diaphoresis, sweating therapy 病邪pathogenic factor
下法purgative therapy, purgation 整体观念concept of holism
吐法emetic therapy, vomiting therapy 疾病的本质与现象nature and manifestations of
disease
补土派school of invigorating the earth 阴阳的相对平衡relative balance between yin and
yang
病因学说etiology 疾病的发生与发展occurrence and development
of disease
养生health-cultivation, 同病异治treating the same disease with different
therapies
医疗实践medical practice 异病同治treating different diseases with the
same therapy
治疗原则therapeutic principles 五脏five zang-organs, five zang-viscera
寒凉药物herbs of cold and cool nature,
六腑six fu-organs, six fu-viscera
cold-natured herbs
滋阴降火nourishing yin to lower/reduce fire 经络系统system of meridians and collaterals 滋水涵木enriching water to nourish wood 余热未尽incomplete abatement of heat
瘀血致泻disease caused by blood stasis 有机整体organic wholeness/integrity
先天之精congenital essence 表里关系exterior and interior relation
形与神俱inseparability of the body and spirit 开窍opening into
开胃promoting appetite 自然现象natural phenomena
脉象pulse conditions, pulse pattern 哲学概念philosophical concept
对立统一unity of opposites
邪正关系states of pathogenic factors and
healthy qi
发热恶寒fever and aversion to cold 相互消长mutual waning and waxing
头身疼痛headache and body pain 相互转化mutual transformation
久痢脱肛proctoptosis due to prolonged 阴阳属性nature of yin and yang
dysentery
养阴清热nourishing yin and clearing away
heat
相互联系interrelation
清肺热clear away lung-heat 相互制约mutual restraint, mutual
restriction/interaction
湿邪犯肺pathogenic dampness invading the
lung
动态平衡dynamic equilibrium
清热泻火clearing away heat and reducing
fire
阴平阳秘yin and yang in equilibrium
腠理muscular interstices, striae, interstitial
space
阴阳的互根互用interdependence of yin and yang 水湿停滞retention of water and dampness,
water retention
相互依存interdependence
癃闭retention of urine 阴阳离绝separation of yin and yang
气血运行circulation/flow of qi and blood 相反相成opposite and supplementary to each
阴阳转化transformation between yin and
yang
生理功能physiological functions
阳消阴长yang waning and yin waxing 病理变化pathological changes
阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading to
disorder of yang
临床诊断clinical diagnosis
阴胜则阳病an excess of yin leads to deficiency of yang 阳胜生外热exuberance of yang leading to exterior heat
阳胜则热predominance of yang generating
heat
阳中求阴obtaining yang from yin
寒极生热extreme cold generating heat 绝对偏盛absolute predominance
热极生寒extreme heat generating cold 阳虚则寒yang deficiency leading to cold
阳损及阴impairment of yang involving yin 阴阳俱损simultaneous consumption of yin and
yang
阴液不足insufficiency of yin-fluid 阴阳两虚simultaneous deficiency of both yin and
yang
病机总纲general principle of pathogenesis 阳虚发热fever due to yang deficiency
病机pathomechanism, pathological
mechanism
阴阳自和natural harmony between yin and yang 阴阳胜复alternative predominance of yin
and yang
木乘土the wood over-restrains the earth
虚寒证deficiency-cold syndrome 木火刑金wood-fire impairs the metal
扶阳退阴strengthening yang to reduce yin 金水相生generation between the metal and
water
祛风散寒expelling/eliminating wind to dispersing cold 生克制化interrelationship between generation and restriction
消导积滞promoting digestion and removing
food retention
制则生化restriction ensuring generation
潜阳熄风suppressing yang to quench wind 母病及子disease of the mother-organ affecting
the child-organ
五行学说theory of five elements 传变transmission of disease, progress of
disease
运动变化motion and variation 子病犯母disease of the child-organ affecting the
mother-organ
正邪相争struggle/combat between healthy qi and pathogenic factors 肝肾精血不足insufficiency of liver and kidney essence and blood
相生相克mutual generation and restriction 肝阳上亢hyperactivity of liver yang
生我，我生to be generated and to generate 心肝血虚asthenia / deficiency of heart and liver
blood
克我，我克to be restricted and to restrict 心肝火旺exuberance of heart and liver fire
生中有制restriction within generation 心火亢盛hyperactivity/exuberance of heart fire 克中有生generation within restriction 滋肾养肝nourishing the kidney and liver
木曰曲直wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally 方位配五行correspondence of the directions to the five elements
火曰炎上fire is characterized by flaming up 温肾健脾warming the kidney and strengthening
the spleen
土爰稼穑earth is characterized by cultivation
and reaping
肾阳式微declination of kidney yang
金曰从革metal is characterized by change 脾阳不振inactivation of spleen yang
病缓起gradual onset of disease 脾胃虚弱hypofunction/weakness of the spleen
and stomach
肝阴不足insufficiency of liver yin 地道不通menopause
相乘相侮over-restriction and reverse restriction 平肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach
水湿停聚retention of water-dampness 水火不济discordance between water and fire
肾阴不足insufficiency of kidney yin 藏象学说theory of visceral manifestations
心肾不交disharmony between the heart and
kidney
奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs
宣通水道dredging water passage 水谷精微cereal nutrients, essence of water and
food
通调水道dredging and regulating water
passage
传化水谷transmission and transformation of food 行气利水activating qi to excrete water 贮藏精气storage of essence
水液停滞retention of fluid 治疗效果curative / therapeutic effect
后天之本postnatal / acquired base of life 藏而不泻storage without excretion
调畅气机regulating qi activity 泻而不藏excretion without storage
肝气上逆upward flow of liver qi 表热里寒exterior heat and interior cold
水曰润下water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing 肝旺脾虚hyperfunction of the liver and weakness of the spleen
脾主运化the spleen governing transportation and transformation 大肉陷下obvious emaciation and muscular atrophy, extreme emaciation
肝气郁结stagnation of liver qi 面色红润ruddy complexion, rosy cheeks
胆虚证gallbladder deficiency syndrome 胆虚不得眠insomnia due to gallbladder asthenia 腐熟水谷digesting food 导便法laxation
食欲不振poor appetite 跌打损伤traumatic injury
脘腹胀闷epigastric distension and depression 动静结合integration of motion and quietness/stillness
嗳气酸腐eructation with fetid odor 定喘relieving asthma
泌别清浊separating the clear from the turbid 心主血脉the heart controlling blood and vessels 食物残渣residue of food 心气充沛abundance of heart qi
大肠主传导the large intestine governing transmission and transportation 防御外邪入侵preventing the invasion of exogenous pathogenic factor
癃闭dysuria, retention of urine, anuria and
dysuria
血液充盈plenty of blood
面黄肌瘦emaciation with sallow complexion 脉道不利unsmoothness of vessels
止珠偏斜strabismus, squint, ocular deviation 面色无华lusterless complexion
调节水液regulation of water 脉象细弱thin and weak pulse
排泄糟粕excretion of waste material 面色萎黄sallow complexion
髓海不足insufficiency of marrow-sea 汗血同源sweat and blood sharing the same
origin
精神委靡dispiritedness, listlessness, lower spirit 升降出入ascending, descending, coming in and going out
月经不调irregular menstruation 气为血帅qi serves as the commander of the
blood
冲任不固weakness of thoroughfare and
conception vessels
气血凝滞stagnation of qi and blood
经期延长prolonged menstruation 血瘀blood stasis
小肠实热sthenia-heat in the small intestine 气滞腰痛lumbago due to qi stagnation
气机调畅smooth activity of qi 气虚滑胎habitual abortion due to qi asthenia
气化不利dysfunction of qi in transformation 畏寒喜热aversion to cold and preference for
heat
气分热盛excessive heat at qi phase 气郁化热stagnation of qi transforming into heat 温养脏腑warming and nourishing the viscera 瘀血阻络blood stasis obstructing the collaterals
清肺润燥clearing the lung and moistening dryness 破瘀通经breaking blood stasis to promote menstruation
内伤头疼headache due to internal injury 祛瘀eliminating stasis, expelling stasis
逆传心包reverse transmission into the
pericardium
气不摄血failure of qi to check the blood
宁心安神calming the heart and tranquilizing
the mind
血液循行circulation of the blood
惊悸不安palpitation due to fright 气的运动形式the moving styles of qi
血液生成不足insufficient production of the
blood
平肝止血soothing the liver to stop bleeding 血液亏虚deficiency of the blood 离经之血abnormal flow of the blood
津液的形状、功能与分布form, function, and distribution of the body fluid 气血生化之源source for the production and transformation of qi and blood
脉细无力thin and weak pulse 肌肤干燥dry skin
肌肤甲错squamous and dry skin 血脉调和流畅smooth and normal flow of the
blood
脏腑火热炽盛exuberant fire and heat in the
viscera
机体正常水液normal fluid inside the body
热迫血分heat invading the blood phase 气滞津停retention of fluid due to stagnation of qi 寒凝气滞stagnation of cold and qi 身倦乏力lassitude
气滞血瘀qi stagnation and blood stasis 伤津脱液consumption and loss of the body fluid
津液的营养和滋润作用the nourishing and moistening functions of the body fluid 津液的生成、输布和排泄production, distribution, and excretion of the body fluid
腹痛拒按unpalpable abdominal pain 脾的“散精”功能the function of the spleen to
“dissipate essence”
津液不足insufficiency of the body fluid 水液停聚retention of water
奇经八脉eight extraordinary vessels, eight extraordinary meridians 胃的“游溢精气”the function of the stomach to “distribute essence”
津液生化匮乏scanty production of the body fluid 津液的代谢平衡the metabolic balance of the body fluid
热盛耗伤津液consumption of the body fluid due to excessive heat 风为百病之长wind is the leading factor in causing various diseases
水液代谢障碍disturbance of water metabolism 气随津脱exhaustion of qi due to loss of body fluid
水湿困脾dampness encumbering the spleen 濡养肌肤moistening and nourishing the skin
湿邪内盛exuberance of interior dampness 经脉之海sea of meridians
脾虚水肿edema due to spleen deficiency 滋养脏腑moistening and nourishing the viscera 运行全身气血transporting qi and blood in the
whole body
十二经别twelve branches of meridians
联络脏腑肢节connecting with viscera, limbs
and joints
经别divergent meridians
循行路线running route 经气meridian qi
十二正经twelve regular meridians 十二皮部twelve skin areas, twelve skin
regions/divisions
经隧阻滞blockage of meridians 十二经筋twelve meridian tendons
经穴meridian acupoints, Jing-River acupoint 饮食劳倦improper diet and overstrain
经络辨证syndrome differentiation according
to meridians
风寒感冒common cold due to wind-cold
经络感传meridian conduction, channel
transmission
湿热泄泻diarrhea due to damp-heat
经络现象meridian phenomena 内生五邪five endogenous pathogenic factors 经络阻滞blockage of meridians 风邪外袭pathogenic wind attacking the
superficies
舒筋活络relaxing tendons and activating
collaterals
游走性关节疼痛migratory arthralgias
刺血疗法blood-pricking therapy 阳气衰退decline of yang-qi
外感六淫attacked by six climate pathogenic
factors
六淫six climatic evils
感受寒邪attacked by pathogenic cold 经闭发肿amenorrhea with edema
虚实夹杂deficiency complicated with excess, asthenia complicated with sthenia 邪正盛衰predominance or decline of pathogenic factors and healthy qi
寒性凝滞cold tending to stagnate by nature 病症的虚实变化asthenia and sthenia changes
of disease
腠理闭塞blockage of muscular interstices 机体的抗病能力body resistance
经脉拘急收引contraction of tendons 五心烦热feverish sensation over the five
centers
湿邪困脾pathogenic dampness encumbering
the spleen
五心five centers (palms, soles and chest)
疾病的发生、发展与变化occurrence, development and changes of disease 生津安神promoting the production of body fluid and tranquilizing the mind
体质强弱conditions of constitution 蓄血发黄jaundice due to blood accumulation 气血功能紊乱dysfunction of qi and blood 脾阳不振inactivation of spleen yang
阴阳偏盛大relative predominance of yin and yang 阴虚生内热yin deficiency generating interior heat
五志过极extreme changes of emotions 热极生风extreme heat producing wind
精气夺则虚depletion of essence causing deficiency 七情内伤internal injury due to emotional disorder
阴阳互损mutual consumption of yin and yang 饮食不节improper diet
真热假寒true heat and false cold 暴饮暴食craputence
气机郁滞不畅stagnation of qi activity 神昏谵语coma and delirium
津液代谢失常disorder of fluid metabolism 四诊合参combined use of the four diagnostic
methods
寒热往来alternate attacks of chill and fever 精神活动mental activities
津伤化燥consumption of fluid transforming
into dryness
面部表情facial expressions
风火胁痛hypochondriac pain due to wind-fire 精充气足sufficient essence and abundant qi 口眼歪斜wry mouth with distorted eyes, facial
distortion
预后良好favorable prognosis
湿浊内生endogenous turbid dampness 表情淡漠apathetic facial expressions
虚火上炎flaming of asthenia-fire 精神不振dispiritedness
邪气内陷internal invasion of pathogenic
factors
神志不清unconsciousness
大肠热结retention of heat in the large intestine 轻宣润燥dispersing lung qi and moistening dryness
心脉瘀阻blood stasis in the heart vessels 四肢抽搐convulsion of the limbs
镜面舌mirror-like tongue 脏腑辨证syndrome differentiation of viscera
饥不欲食hunger without desire for food 病位与病性location and nature of disease
脉有胃气pulse with stomach qi 表里同病disease involving both the exterior and
interior
清里泄热clearing away heat in the interior 风热眩晕vertigo due to wind-heat
寒证化热cold syndrome transforming into heat syndrome 寒热错杂simultaneous occurrence of cold and heat
舌淡苔白而润滑light-colored tongue with white and slippery coating 表邪入里invasion of the exterior pathogenic factors into the interior
祛风解痉expelling wind to relieve convulsion 外感胃脘痛stomachache due to exogenous
pathogenic factors
恶寒与恶热aversion to cold and aversion to
heat
潮热盗汗tidal fever and night sweating
口干唇裂dry mouth with cracked lips 高热谵妄high fever with delirium
脉数无力rapid and weak pulse 和血止痛regulating blood to alleviate pain
寒邪郁而化热stagnation of pathogenic cold changing into heat 寒因寒用treating pseudo-cold syndrome with herbs of cold nature
未病先防preventing measures taken before the occurrence of disease 热因热用treating pseudo-heat syndrome with herbs of heat nature
补气健脾invigorating qi and strengthening the spleen 塞因塞用treating obstructive syndrome with tonifying therapy
补血养心enriching blood to nourish the heart 发汗解表relieving exterior syndrome by
diaphoresis
水气凌心water attacking the heart 风热乳蛾tonsillitis due to wind-heat
心悸多梦palpitation and dreaminess 痰饮咳嗽cough due to fluid retention
血为气母the blood serving as the mother of qi 实热蕴结accumulation of sthenia-heat
调摄精神regulating mental states 舒肝和胃soothing the liver and harmonizing the
stomach
血脉流畅smooth circulation of blood 清热泻火clearing away heat and reducing fire 关节通利smooth movement of joints 疏风泄热dispelling wind and reducing heat
气机调畅free activity of qi 行气消瘀activating qi to resolve stagnation
益寿延年promoting longevity 养血润肠nourishing the blood and moistening
the intestine
治病求本treatment of disease must concentrate on the principle cause of disease 因时、因地、因人制宜applying proper therapeutic measure in line with season, local conditions and individuality
急则治其标relieving the secondary symptoms first in treating acute disease 缓则治其本relieving the primary symptoms in treating chronic disease
通腑泄热purging fu-organs to eliminate heat 燥湿化痰drying dampness and resolving
phlegm
标本兼治treatment focusing on relieving both the secondary and primary symptoms 正虚邪实asthenia of healthy qi and sthenia of pathogenic factors
痰湿壅肺accumulation of phlegm-dampness
in the lung
血枯经闭amenorrhea due to blood exhaustion 祛虫消积removing parasites to eliminate
accumulation
中医常用词汇03－中药针灸等
入药部分the part used for medical purpose 作用和缓mild effect
药物采集collection of herbs 发散解表relieving exterior syndrome by
dispersion
收敛astringency 方剂学science of prescriptions
软坚散结softening hardness to dissipate
stagnation
配伍关系compatibility
燥湿健脾drying dampness and
strengthening the spleen
组成规律prescription-formulating principle
升降沉浮ascending, descending, sinking
and floating
方剂的加减modification of prescriptions
归经meridian tropism 剂型和剂量drug form and dosage
用药禁忌contraindication in using herbs 君臣佐使monarch, minister, assistant and guide 药物用量dosage 药物毒性toxicity of medicinal herbs
辛温解表药relieving exterior syndrome with herbs pungent in taste and warm in nature 十八反与十九畏eighteen incompatible herbs and nineteen herbs of mutual antagonism
袪风湿药herbs for expelling wind and
dampness
调和诸药moderating the property of herbs
胸痛彻背thoracic pain involving the back 温经散寒warming meridians to dissipate cold 清热凉血药herbs for clearing away heat and
cooling blood
宣肺平喘disperse lung qi to stop asthma
引经报使guiding action 灵活化裁flexible modification
针灸疗法acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, acumox 清散郁热clearing away and dispersing stagnant heat
针刺补泻reinforcing and reducing
techniques for needling
随症加减modification according to symptoms
针刺手法needling techniques, manipulation 药物饮片processed herbs
进针手法methods for inserting the needle 内服散剂powder for oral taking
针刺止痛alleviating pain with acupuncture 外用膏剂medicinal extract for exterior application 针刺麻醉acupuncture anesthesia,
acu-anesthesia
开水冲服mixing in boiled water for oral taking
针感needling sensation 浓缩浸膏condensed extract
皮内针intradermal needle 耳针疗法ear acupuncture treatment
针刺的角度与深度angle and depth of
needling
提插捻转lifting, thrusting, swirling and rotating
双手进针法insertion of needle with double
hands
水针疗法hydro-acupuncture therapy
行针manipulating the needle 头针疗法scalp-acupuncture therapy
化脓灸blistering moxibustion 推拿手法manipulations for tuina, manipulating
techniques
瘢痕灸scarring moxibustion 减轻疼痛alleviating pain
艾炷灸moxibustion with moxa cone 功法训练exercise for practicing tuina
灯火灸lamp moxibustion 放松肌肉relaxing muscles
温针灸warm needling method 解除肌肉紧张relieving muscular tension
一指禅推法pushing manipulation with one 活动受限confined activity
finger
点按法point-pressing manipulation 关节脱位dislocation of joint
腰椎间盘突出protrusion of lumbar vertebral disc 大鱼际揉法kneading manipulation with the
large thenar
交替搓揉alternative rubbing and kneading 旋转复位rotating reduction
腰肌劳损injury of lumbar muscles 软组织损伤injury of soft tissues
解除痉挛relieving spasm 关节粘连僵硬adhesion and stiffness of joint
外感发热exogenous fever 滑利关节lubricating joint
脉象浮紧floating and tense pulse 手法补泻reinforcing and reducing manipulations
拇指平推法horizontal pushing with the thumb
寒邪束表pathogenic cold hampering the
exterior
邪热入里interior invasion of pathogenic heat 午后潮热afternoon tidal fever
四肢厥冷cold limbs 热扰神明heat disturbing mind
阳气不振inactivation of yang-qi 形体消瘦emaciation
少气懒言lack of qi and no desire to speak 祛痰止咳药herbs for eliminating phlegm and
stopping cough
v1.0可编辑可修改Lesson One History of Traditional Chinese Medicine 中医术语 acupunture and moxibusion 针灸 health maintenance 养生 drugs cold and cool 寒凉药 the school of cold and cool 寒凉派 diaphoesis emesis purgation 汗吐下 the school of purgation 攻下派 exagenous pathogenic factors 外邪 reinforcing the earth 补土 internal impairment of spleen and stomach would bring about vorious diseases 内伤脾胃百病由生 yang is usually redundant ,while yin is frequently deficient. 阳常有余阴常不足 nourishing yin滋阴 medicinal herbs草药 blood stagnation淤血 warm and inorgorate the spleen and stomach温养脾胃 中国医药学 : traditional Chinese medicine 中医基础理论 : basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 临床经验 : clinical experience 辨证论治 : treatment based on syndrome differentiation;pattern identification and treatment 本草 : materia medica 中药 : Chinese materia medica; Chinese medicinals 中草药 : Chinese medicinal herbs 四气五味 : four properties and five tastes
heat 清肺热clear away lung-heat 相互制约mutual restraint, mutual restriction/interaction 湿邪犯肺pathogenic dampness invading the lung 动态平衡dynamic equilibrium 清热泻火clearing away heat and reducing fire 阴平阳秘yin and yang in equilibrium 腠理muscular interstices, striae, interstitial space 阴阳得互根互用interdependence of yin and yang 水湿停滞retention of water and dampness, water retention 相互依存interdependence 癃闭retention of urine 阴阳离绝separation of yin and yang 气血运行circulation/flow of qi and blood 相反相成opposite and supplementary to each 阴阳转化transformation between yin and yang 生理功能physiological functions 阳消阴长yang waning and yin waxing 病理变化pathological changes 阴胜则阳病predominance of yin leading to disorder of yang 临床诊断clinical diagnosis 阴胜则阳病an excess of yin leads to deficiency of yang 阳胜生外热exuberance of yang leading to exterior heat 阳胜则热predominance of yang generating heat 阳中求阴obtaining yang from yin 寒极生热extreme cold generating heat 绝对偏盛absolute predominance 热极生寒extreme heat generating cold 阳虚则寒yang deficiency leading to cold 阳损及阴impairment of yang involving yin 阴阳俱损simultaneous consumption of yin and yang 阴液不足insufficiency of yin-fluid 阴阳两虚simultaneous deficiency of both yin and yang 病机总纲general principle of pathogenesis 阳虚发热fever due to yang deficiency 病机pathomechanism, pathological mechanism 阴阳自与natural harmony between yin and yang 阴阳胜复alternative predominance of yin and yang 木乘土the wood over-restrains the earth 虚寒证deficiency-cold syndrome 木火刑金wood-fire impairs the metal 扶阳退阴strengthening yang to reduce yin 金水相生generation between the metal and water 祛风散寒expelling/eliminating wind to dispersing cold 生克制化interrelationship between generation and restriction 消导积滞promoting digestion and removing food retention 制则生化restriction ensuring generation 潜阳熄风suppressing yang to quench wind 母病及子disease of the mother-organ affecting the child-organ 五行学说theory of five elements 传变transmission of disease, progress of disease
传统医学中医基础理论 1、被称为“孤脏”的是（） A三焦B肺C心D脾 2、被称为“先天之本”的是（） A肺B肾C肝D心 3、称为“娇脏”的是（） A肺B脾C肝D心 4、“血汗同源”说明哪两者之间的密切关系（） A气与津液B气与血C血与精D血与津液 5、心肝之间的关系主要表现在（） A血液的运行与贮藏B气的生成C精的藏泻D气机的调节 6、具有“明显季节性”的邪气是（）A 寒B 风暑 7、被称作“气之本”的是（） A心B肾C肺D肝 8、房劳过度，易损伤的脏腑是（） A心B脾C肝D肾 9、被称为“阴脉之海”的是（） A任脉B督脉阳脉之海C冲脉D带脉 10、六淫中最容易导致疼痛的邪气是（） A寒邪B湿邪C风邪D燥邪 11、具有“通调水道”功能是（） A肺B肾C三焦D心 12、下列因素中，易于蒙蔽心神的是（）
A瘀血B痰饮C结石D血瘀 13、下列属于正治法的是指（） A通因通用B寒因寒用C寒者热之D塞因塞用14、我国现存最早的药学专著是（） A黄帝内经B本草纲目C神农本草经D难经 15、下列脏腑中与二便的排泄均有密切相关的是（）A膀胱B大肠C肺D肾 16、具有化湿而恶湿特点的脏腑是（） A心B脾C肺D肾 17、金元四大家中“滋阴派”的代表人物是（） A刘完素B张子和C李杲D朱震亨 18、寒实证治疗应该（） A热者寒之B寒者热之C寒因寒用D热因热用 19、脾虚可制下列哪一项血行异常的是（） A出血B血瘀C血行加速D血行迟缓 20、人体中最根本、最重要的气是（） A元气B宗气C营气D卫气 21、脾开窍于（） A目B舌C唇D 口,其华在唇 22、对血运和呼吸运动均有推动作用的是（）
材料专业英语常见词汇（一） Structure ['str?kt??]组织 Ceramic [si'r?mik]陶瓷 Ductility [d?k'til?ti] 塑性 Stiffness ['stifnis]刚度 Grain [ɡrein]晶粒 Phase [feiz]相 Unit cell 单胞 Bravais lattice 布拉菲['l?tis]布拉菲点阵 Stack [st?k]堆垛 Crystal ['krist?l] 晶体 Metallic crystal structure [mi't?lik, me-]金属性晶体点阵Non-directional [,n?ndi'rek??n?l, -dai-]无方向性 Face-centered cubic ['kju:bik]面心立方 Body-centered cubic 体心立方Hexagonal close-packed [hek's?ɡ?n?l]['kl?us'p?kt]密排六方Copper ['k?p?] 铜 Aluminum [?'lju:min?m]铝 Chromium ['kr?umj?m]铬 Tungsten ['t??st?n]钨 Crystallographic Plane [,krist?l?u'ɡr?fik][plein]晶面Crystallographic direction 晶向 Property ['pr?p?ti] 性质 Miller indices ['indisi:z]米勒指数 Lattice parameters ['l?tis][p?'r?mit?]点阵参数 Tetragonal [te'tr?ɡ?n?l]四方的 Hexagonal [hek's?ɡ?n?l]六方的 Orthorhombic [,?:θ?'r?mbik]正交的Rhombohedra [,r?mb?u'hi:dr?] 菱方的 Monoclinic [,m?n?u'klinik]单斜的 Prism ['prizm]棱镜 Cadmium ['k?dmi?m]镉 Coordinate system [k?u'?:dinit, k?u'?:dineit]坐标系Point defect ['di:fekt, di'f-, di'fekt]点缺陷Lattice ['l?tis]点阵 Vacancy ['veik?nsi]空位 Solidification [,s?lidifi'kei??n]结晶 Interstitial [,int?'sti??l]间隙 Substitution [,s?bsti'tju:??n]置换 Solid solution strengthening [s?'lju:??n]['stre?θ?n, 'stre?kθ?n] 固溶强化
第一课 1.中国中医药traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 临床经验clinical experience辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation 杂病miscellaneous diseases中药学Chinese pharmacy 四气五味four properties and five tastes 针灸acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox古代中国哲学classical Chinese philosophy汗法sweating therapy; diaphoresis 下法purgation吐法vomiting therapy; emetic therapy补土派the School of Reinforcing the Earth方剂prescription; formula 医疗实践medical practice治疗原则therapeutic principles寒凉药herbs cold and cool in nature滋阴降火nourishing yin and reducing fire瘀血致病diseases caused by blood stagnation 第二课 1 ve zang-organs; five zang-viscera五脏six fu-organs六腑system of meridians and collaterals经络系统holism整体观念organic wholenss有机整体social attribute社会属性(of the five zang-organs) open into开窍sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store生长化收藏diagnostics诊断学relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi邪正关系therapeutics治疗学common cold due to wind and cold风寒感冒different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease同病异治the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases异病同治balance of water metabolism水液代谢平衡clearing away heart fire清心火nature of disease疾病本质treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side以左治右drawing yang from yin从阴引阳treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part病在上者下取之 第三课 1 philosophical concept哲学概念mutual transformation相互转化balance of yin and yang阴平阳秘transformation between yin and yang阴阳转化extreme cold turning into heat寒极生热 pathological changes病理变化absolute predominance 绝对偏盛 general rule of pathogenesis病机总纲supplementing what it lacks of补其不足eliminating wind and dispersing cold祛风散寒mutually inhibiting and promoting相互消长mutually inhibiting and restraining相互制约interdependence相互依存excess of yin leading to decline of yang阴胜则阳病contrary and supplementary to each other相反相成organic whole有机整体impairment of yang involving yin阳损及阴deficiency of both yin and yang阴阳两虚deficiency cold syndrome虚寒证suppressing yang and eliminating wind熄风潜阳 第四课 1.the doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phases五行学说free development 条达舒畅to be generated and to generate生我我生restraint in generation生中有制Wood is characterized by growing freely and peripherally.木曰曲直Earth is characterized by cultivation and reaping.土元稼穑 Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.水曰润下over restriction and counter-restriction相乘相侮Wood over restricts earth because it is deficient.土虚木乘promotion, restriction, inhibition and transformation生克制化disorder of a mother-organ involving its child-organ母病及子insufficiency of essence and blood in the liver and kidney肝肾精血不足blood deficiency in the heart and liver心肝血虚exuberant fire in the heart心火亢盛insufficiency of liver yin肝肾不足declination of kidney yang肾阳衰微weakness of the spleen and stomach脾胃虚弱soothing the liver and harmonizing the stomach平肝和胃insufficiency of kidney yin肾阴不足balance between water and fire水火不济 第五课 doctrine of visceral manifestations脏象学说five zang-organs and six fu-organs五脏六腑extraordinary fu-organs齐桓之府nutrients of water and food水谷精微ransmitting and transforming water and food传化水谷storing essence贮藏精气internal and external relationship表里关系therapeutic effects治疗效应 clinical practice临床实践storage without discharge藏而不写discharge without storage泻而不藏physical build and various orifices形体诸窍(of five zang-organs) open into开窍spirit and emotions精神情志the heart storing spirit心藏神the lung storing corporeal soul肺藏魄the liver storing ethereal soul肝藏魂the spleen storing consciousness 脾藏意the kidney storing will肾藏志the luster manifesting upon the face其华在面 第六课 the heart governing blood and vessels心主血脉sufficiency of heart qi心气充沛rosy complexion面色红润sufficiency of blood血液充盈unsmooth vessels脉道不利lusterless complexion面色无华thin and weak pulse脉象细弱the heart storing
浅谈中医学的认识 祖国传统医学有数千年的历史，是人类在生产活动实践中不断摸索，逐渐的经验的积累而发展出来的一门经验科学，它经历了一个漫长而曲折的过程，是中国人民长期与疾病做斗争的几位丰富的经验总结，同时也是我国优秀传统文化的一个重要的组成部分。经过一段学习，我的中医学有了一定的了解。 中医学的自然观—天人相应 东方文明主张“道法自然”，强调人与自然的相应关系，所以说中国传统哲学的基本问题是天人关系问题。中医学的天人相应学说正是根植于天人合一的哲学基础和文化母体之上，从而构成了中医学有别于西方医学的一大特质。中医学把天人相应的观念渗透到中医学的方方面面。如“人以天地之气生，四时之法成。”(《素问·宝命人全形论》)强调欲想健康长寿，必须“顺四时而适寒暑”(《灵枢·本神篇》)。“夫百病之始生也，皆生于风雨、寒暑、阴阳、喜怒、饮食、居处、大惊、大恐”(《灵枢·口问篇》)。凡此种种，无不体现了人的自然属性、生物属性和社会属性的统一。 西方文明却将改造自然、征服自然演化成人们普遍的理念和追求，西方医学必然也是将人与自然看作是各自独立的实体对立存在，故生物医学模式的形成则是将征服自然过程中发展起来的科学成就应用于医学领域的结果。 中医学的整体观—形神统一 《道德经》云:“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。”认为把握“道”，就能够明察万物，从而奠定了中医学的整体观。这种以察同为特点的思维模式不会重视差异的实体，而是强调通过体验、灵感、顿悟、直观等非理性的方法，去把握事物整体间共同拥有的规律性关系，彰显人与自然是一个整体，即天人合一;又把人自身也看作一个不可分割的整体，即形神统一、身心一元。在对疾病的认识、预防、治疗、转归、预后等方面，非常重视“神明”、“情志”的状态，注重形神统一、身心和谐的整体。 西方文化的特点是察异，在对事物的认识上着力寻求事物间的本质区别，故原子论、还原论是西方科学研究的立论基础，分析法、归纳法成为西方科学研究的主要方法。将人视作一个普通的机械性的身心二元的实体，器官、组织、细胞、分子无疑是西医学的核心。所以察同察异各有侧重。 中医学的治疗观—辨证论治 中国文化历来重感觉、重表象、重动态。所以，中医学是从整体、宏观、动态、功能及相互作用角度，了解病情、把握病机、灵活处治。如八纲、六经、脏腑、经络、三焦、气血津液、卫气营血等多种独具特色的辨证方法，显然是中医理论精华之所在。中医学讲究一因多果、一果多因、多因多果、多果多因，并且具体体现为辨证求因、审因论治，标本兼治、内外兼治，急则治其标、缓则治其本，同病异治、异病同治，因势利导、因异制宜等丰富的辨证论治思想。 西方文化重理性、重概念、重静态。故西医学强调概念，注重逻辑与分析，分门别类、穷根究底是其精髓所在。探究器官、器质、结构的状况，研究细胞、分子、基因的变化，追究细菌、病毒的来龙去脉，疾病分类、辨病论治遂是西医学优势。 中医学的预防观—治未病 中国文化主张适应、顺应自然。《素问·四气调神大论》曰:“圣人不治己病治未病，不治已乱治未乱……夫病已成而后药之，乱已成而后治之，譬犹渴而穿井，斗而铸锥，不亦晚乎”，是中医学预防思想的集中体现;而“正气存内，邪不可干”(素问·遗篇刺法论)及“虚邪贼风，
六. Abbreviation
168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 R/D R/I RCCP REV RMA RMA ROP RPN RTV S/N S/O SAI SCM SFC SIP SIS SMD SMT SOP SOR SPC SPEC SQM SWOT TE TOC TPI TPM TQA TQC TQM VQA VQM W/H W/O WHS WIP Research and Development Run-In Rough Cut Capacity Planning Revision Returned Merchandise Access Return Merchandise Approval(or Authorization Re-Order Point Risk Priority Number Return To Vendor Serial Number Sales Order Social Accountability International Supply Chain Management Shop Floor Control Standard Inspection Procedule Strategic Information System Surface Mounting Device Surface Mounting Technology Standard Operation Procedure Special Order Request Statistical Process Control Specification Supplier Quality Management Strengths、Weaknesses、Opportunities、 Threates test engineering Theory of Constraints Total Productive Innovation Total Production Management Total Quality Assurance Total Quality Control Total Quality Management Vender Quality Approval Vendor Quality Management Warehouse Work Order warehouse Work In Process 研發部常溫熱機(老
中医英语词汇 下面是整理的中医英语词汇，以供大家学习参考。 中医①traditional Chinese medicine②traditional Chinese physician ①中医学的简称。②本学科专业职业队伍。 中医学traditional Chinese medicine 以中医药理论与实践经验为主体，研究人类生命活动中健康与疾病转化规律及其预防、诊断、治疗、康复和保健的综合性科学。 中医药traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中医与中药的合称。 中医药学traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中医学与中药学的合称，侧重反映中医与中药两者共同发展，密不可分。 中药Chinese materia medica 在中医理论指导下应用的药物。包括中药材、中药饮片和中成药等。 中药学Chinese materia medica 中药学科的统称。研究中药基本理论和各种药材饮片、中成药的来源、采制、性能、功效、临床应用等知识的学科。 中西医结合integration of traditional and western medicine 现代医学等现代科学知识及手段来继承和发展中医药，中西医学相互补充，取长补短，诊治疾病的医学形式。 中医基础理论basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 研究和阐明中医学的基本概念、基本理论、基本规律、基本原则的学科。 中医诊断学diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 根据中医学的理论体系，研究诊察病情、判断病种、辨别证候的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能的学科。 方剂学prescriptions of Chinese materia medica 研究治法与
《中医学基础》 教材《中医药学概论》主讲路新国 第一章绪论 一、《中医学基础》与《中医营养学》 1、《中医学基础》学习的内容： 主要学习和阐释中国传统医学中有关基本概念、基本观念、基本知识与基本理论，为以后学习《中医营养学》奠定必要的基础，是营养学专业的一门学科基础课。 2、《中医学基础》与《中医营养学》 是学习和研究《中医营养学》的基础。《中医营养学》是《中医学基础》的后续课程。 3、课程设置的意义 ①反映了中国营养学的特色；②是营养学专业必修的课程。 4、教材 《中医药学概论（第六版）》（卫生部“十一五”规划教材，供药学类专业用），王建主编，人民卫生出版社出版，2008年11月。 教材特点： ①全国高等医药教材建设研究会规划教材，卫生部规划本科教材，符合我们本科专业教学的需要； ②是供非中医专业使用的教材，有关中医基础理论的内容简要而全面，是浓缩本，适合我们非中医专业学习中医知识的需要； ③教材内容包括中医基础理论、中药学基本知识和方剂学基本知识三大部分（上、中、下三篇）； ④附有中医基础理论现代研究的进展。 5、主要参考教材和参考书 ①《中医基础理论》（供中医、针灸专业用），上海科学技术出版社。教材特点介绍； ②《中医诊断学》（供中医、针灸专业用），上海科学技术出版社。教材特点介绍； ③《中医学基础》，张登本主编，中国中医出版社，2003年1月，24元。教材特点介绍：新世纪全国高等中医院校规划教材，供中药类专业学习中医药学的专业基础课。 ④《中医名词术语选释》，人民卫生出版社。参考书特点介绍：简本； ⑤《第2版中医大辞典》，中国中医研究院李经纬余瀛鳌蔡景峰，人民卫生出版社，2005年1月，330.00元。参考书特点介绍：收载38505条。 6、考试成绩计算方法 二、中医学的概念 1、中医学与中医基础理论： ①中医学：是研究人体生理、病理，以及疾病的诊断和防治等的一门学科，具有独特的理论体系和丰富的临床经验，是具有中国特色的医学，也称为中国传统医学。 ②中医基础理论：是学习和阐释中医学的基础理论和基本知识，是学习中医学各门学科的基础。 2、几点说明： ①发源于中国的古代，历史悠久；要从历史的角度去认识和理解。如它的医学术语、生命力、丰富的经验、丰富的医学文献、受到古代哲学的深刻影响等。更新性不快。 ②是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，也是对世界医学的一大贡献；中国是世界文明古国之一，创造出了辉煌灿烂的文化。中医学就是中国古代文化遗产的重要组成部分，是具有中国特色的医学。它以整体观念为主导思想，以脏腑经络的生理和病理为基础，以辨证论治为诊疗特点的医学理论体系。 ③具有独特的理论体系； ④在当今医学中占有重要地位，并正在世界上产生日益扩大的影响。 三、中医学发展概况 中国医药学已有数千年的历史。 1、商周时期：萌芽时期 《周礼?天官》医学分科的记载：“食医、疾医、疡医、兽医”。 2、春秋战国时期：确立了中医学的理论体系——《黄帝内经》 ①《黄帝内经》 是我国现存最早的医学典籍之一（四大经典之一），简称《内经》。 作者：集体之作。 意义：奠定了中医学的理论基础，标志着中医学独特理论体系的基本形成，它对医学的认识在当时达到了世界领先的水平。还奠定了中国传统营养科学的理论基础。 主要内容：系统地阐述了人体生理、病理，以及疾病的诊断、治疗和预防等问题，推动了医学的发展。 ②《难经》 四大经典之一，是对《黄帝内经》的补充和发展。 3、两汉时期：中医学有了显著的进步和发展 ①《伤寒杂病论》 作者：张仲景，东汉著名医学家。 意义：确立了辨证论治的理论体系，并且创造性地融理、法、方、药于一体，为临床医学及方剂学的形成和发展奠定了基础。 主要内容：后世将《伤寒杂病论》分为《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》两本书。《伤寒论》确立了六经辨证论治的纲领。《金匮要略》确立了脏腑辨证论治的纲领。《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》对中医营养学的贡献。 ②《神农本草经》 是我国现存最早的药物学专著，简称《本草经》、《本经》。 作者：不详 意义：为中药学的发展奠定了基础。 主要内容：药性理论；收载药物365种。 4、魏晋隋唐时期：中医学不断发展与完善 ①《脉经》 1 / 22
电气工程常用专业英语词汇表 电气工程常用专业英语词汇表 电路基础 ideal voltage (current) source 理想电压(流)源volt-ampere characteristic 伏安特性potential difference 电位差 reference potential 参考电位resistance 电阻capacitance 电容 inductance 电感 reactance 电抗 inductive(capacitive) reactance 感(容)抗impedance 阻抗 equivalent circuit 等效电路 Ohm’s law 欧姆定律Kirchhoff’s law 基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s voltage law（KVL）基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s current law（KCL）基尔霍夫电流定律Thevenin’s theorem 戴维宁定理Norton’s theorem 诺顿定理 branch 支路 node 结点 loop 回路 mesh 网孔 open circuit 开路（断路） short circuit 短路 branch current analysis 支路电流法mesh current analysis 网孔电流法 ode voltage analysis 结点电位法n superposition theorem 叠加原理passive(active) two-terminal network 无(有)源二端网络root mean square (RMS) 均方根值 effective value 有效值instantaneous value 瞬时值 ampere 安培 volt 伏特 Hertz 赫兹 reactive power` 无功功率 active power 有功功率 transfer function 传递函数 apparent power 视在功率 power-factor compensation 功率因数补偿series (parallel) resonance 串(并)联谐振 amplitude(phase)-frequency response characteristic 幅(相)频特性 figure of merit 品质因素 pass-band 通频带bandwidth (BW) 带宽 first(second)-order filter 一(二)阶滤波器low(high)-pass filter 低(高)通滤波器band-pass(stop) filter 带通(阻)滤波器transfer function 转移函数 Bode diagram 波特图 Fourier series 傅立叶级数 three-phase circuit 三相电路 cutoff frequency 截止频率 FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) 快速傅立叶变换 state variable 状态变量 电机 generation 发电 transmission 输电 distribution 配电 coil 线圈 core 铁心 winding 绕组 electrical machine 电机 generator 发电机 motor 电动机 stator (rotor) 定子(转子) armature 电枢 brush 电刷 commutator 换向器 salient-pole 凸极 slip ring 滑环 induction motor 感应电动机 magnetic flux 磁通 asynchronous machine 异步电机 synchronous generator 同步发电机 eddy current 涡流 EMF（electromotive force）电动势 counter EMF 反电势 torque 转矩 excitation 励磁 prime mover 原动机 rectifier 整流器 leakage flux 漏磁通 demagnetization 退磁，去磁 short-circuit ratio 短路比 converter (inverter) 换流器（逆变器） synchronous condenser 同步调相机 magnetization curve 磁化曲线 separately exciting 他励 compounded excited 复励 self-exciting 自励 series(shunt)-wound 串(并)励
中医常用词汇Terms Commonly Used in TCM 中国医药学Traditional Chinese Medicine治未病prevention of disease 脏腑zang-organs and fu-organs, viscera 中医基础理论Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 临床经验clinical experience功能活动functional activities 形神统一unity of the body and spirit 辨证论治treatment based on syndrome differentiation 本草materia medica, herbs阴阳失调imbalance of yin and yang 中药Chinese materia medica, Chinese medicinal 条达舒畅free development herbs 四气五味four properties and five tastes延年益寿prolonging life, promising longevity 针灸acupuncture and moxibustion, acumox养生防病cultivating health to prevent disease 各家学说theories of different schools正气healthy qi, vital qi 汗法diaphoresis, sweating therapy病邪pathogenic factor 下法purgative therapy, purgation整体观念concept of holism 吐法emetic therapy, vomiting therapy疾病的本质与现象nature and manifestations of disease 补土派school of invigorating the earth阴阳的相对平衡relative balance between yin and yang 病因学说etiology疾病的发生与发展occurrence and development of disease 养生health-cultivation, 同病异治treating the same disease with different therapies 医疗实践medical practice异病同治treating different diseases with the same therapy 治疗原则therapeutic principles五脏five zang-organs, five zang-viscera 寒凉药物herbs of cold and cool nature, 六腑six fu-organs, six fu-viscera cold-natured herbs 滋阴降火nourishing yin to lower/reduce fire经络系统system of meridians and collaterals 滋水涵木enriching water to nourish wood余热未尽incomplete abatement of heat 瘀血致泻disease caused by blood stasis有机整体organic wholeness/integrity 先天之精congenital essence表里关系exterior and interior relation 形与神俱inseparability of the body and spirit开窍opening into 开胃promoting appetite自然现象natural phenomena 脉象pulse conditions, pulse pattern哲学概念philosophical concept 邪正关系states of pathogenic factors and 对立统一unity of opposites healthy qi 发热恶寒fever and aversion to cold相互消长mutual waning and waxing 头身疼痛headache and body pain相互转化mutual transformation 久痢脱肛proctoptosis due to prolonged 阴阳属性nature of yin and yang
传统中医学理论认为：肾为先天之本，故有“肾气足，百病除”的说法。 人体内的左肾为阳，右肾为阴。左肾司六腑之功能，右肾辖五脏之运行。肾对五脏六腑起着至关重要的温煦（xu）、滋润、濡（ru）养、激发等作用。 有不舒服记得找医生，千万不要小不舒服酿成大问题 肾中之元气，又叫元精，是生命的原动力。肾虚则生命力减弱，各种疾病会接踵而来。肾生精，精生髓，髓壮骨，髓通脑，脑为髓海。肾亏则髓空，髓空则骨软，骨软则腰膝酸麻，牙齿脱落，骨质增生，椎间盘突出，关节炎、颈椎神经痛，甚至出现头晕目眩，耳鸣健忘，反应迟钝，精力下降，脱发皮皱等现象。肾阳虚衰，男人表现为阳痿、早泄、遗精；女人则带下不止，月经不调，痛经、宫寒不孕等。 中医认为，肾亏是人体疾病的根源，许多内脏疾患的治疗，应从补肾入手。中医还有个歌诀：“肝病先调肾，肾病先调肺，肺病先调脾，脾病先调心，心病先调肝”。可见个脏腑之间有着密不可分的关系。 人体自身补肾法，就是外劳宫补肾法。具体方法是：每晚临睡前将两手背紧靠腰部，仰卧于床上，5－10分钟后，其热感会逐渐传遍全身。开始时，双掌被腰压住会出现麻胀现象，3－5天后即可适应消除，双腿会感到轻松灵活。常酗酒的人，脑门还会渗出汗珠，有的腰部会出汗。这是因为人的两手外劳宫紧贴二肾后，双掌的热量直接温煦了二肾，将肾内虚寒之气逼出，通过运行，变成汗水排出体外。尤其是晚上10点半至11点，是亥时尾、子时头，此刻地气最旺，地气通过内劳宫吸入，穿过外劳宫直接注入二肾，伴随二掌的热量和五行之气，温煦了二肾。不论是晚上，还是白天，只要你躺在床上，坚持两手背紧贴两肾半小时，便可收到奇效。 若你腿脚冰凉、麻痛，可将左腿置于右脚脖子上，成单盘式，也就是佛家的半跏趺，20分钟后，腿脚便会变热。
主题词表 English Chinese 01. 大气 atmospheric science 大气科学 meteorology 气象学 atmosphere 大气 atmospheric impurity 大气杂质 atmospheric suspended matter 大气悬浮物 atmospheric composition 大气成分 atmospheric mass 大气质量 atmospheric density 大气密度 atmospheric subdivision 大气分层 homosphere 均质层 heterosphere 非均质层 standard [pressure] level 标准层 isothermal layer 等温层 lower atmosphere 低层大气 middle atmosphere 中层大气 upper atmosphere 高层大气 troposphere 对流层 tropopause 对流层顶 stratosphere 平流层 stratopause 平流层顶 mesosphere 中间层 mesopause 中间层顶 thermosphere 热层 exosphere 外[逸]层 ionosphere 电离层 magnetosphere 磁层 ozonosphere 臭氧层 free atmosphere 自由大气 planetary atmosphere 行星大气 standard atmosphere(reference atmosphere) 标准大气（参考大气） homogeneous atmosphere 均质大气 isothermal atmosphere 等温大气 polytropic atmosphere 多元大气 scale height 大气标高 meteorological element 气象要素 air temperature 气温 wet-bulb temperature 湿球温度 dry-bulb temperature 干球温度 atmospheric pressure 气压 standard atmosphere pressure 标准大气压 station pressure 本站气压 sea-level pressure 海平面气压 pressure gradient 气压梯度 barometric height formula 压高公式pressure gradient force 气压梯度力Coriolis force 科里奥利力 water vapor 水[蒸]汽 water vapor pressure 水汽压 humidity 湿度 relative humidity 相对湿度 absolute humidity 绝对湿度 specific humidity 比湿 mixing ratio 混合比 dew point [temperature] 露点(温度) depression of the dew point （温度）露点差super-saturated air 过饱和空气 saturation specific humidity 饱和比湿saturation vapor pressure 饱和水汽压saturation deficit 饱和差 cloud 云 low cloud 低云 middle cloud 中云 high cloud 高云 cloud amount 云量 cloud height 云高 cloud genera 云属 cloud etage 云族 cloud species 云种 cloud variety 云类 cloud form 云状 cirrus, Ci 卷云 cirrostratus, Cs 卷层云 cirrocumulus, Cc 卷积云 altocumulus, Ac 高积云 altostratus, As 高层云 cumulus, Cu 积云 cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡积云 cumulus congestus, Cu con 浓积云cumulonimbus, Cb 积雨云 cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎积云stratocumulus, Sc 层积云 stratus, St 层云 nimbostratus, Ns 雨层云 stratiform cloud 层状云 cumuliform cloud 积状云 cold cloud 冷云 warm cloud 暖云 ice cloud 冰云 wind 风 wind direction 风向 wind speed, wind velocity 风速 maximum wind speed 最大风速