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无机化学命名-IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry4,5

无机化学命名-IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry4,5
无机化学命名-IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry4,5

IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry

The IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic way of naming inorganic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Ideally, every inorganic compound should have a name from which an unambiguous formula can be determined. There is also a IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry.

The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both describe the same chemical. The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" just names it. These advantages make the systematic name far superior to the common name when absolute clarity and precision is required. However, even professional chemists will use the non-systematic name almost all of the time, because caffeine is a well-known common chemical with a unique structure. Similarly, the chemical water is always known as such, never as "dihydrogen monoxide."

1.Single atom anions are named with an -ide suffix: for example, H- is hydride.

https://www.doczj.com/doc/ec1663311.html,pounds with a positive ion (cation), the name of the compound is simply the

cation's name (usually the same as the element's), followed by the anion. For

example, NaCl is sodium chloride, and CaF2 is calcium fluoride.

3.Cations able to take on more than one positive charge are labeled with Roman

numerals in parentheses. For example, Cu+ is copper(I), Cu2+ is copper(II). An

older, deprecated notation is to append -ous or -ic to the root of the Latin name to name ions with a lesser or greater charge. Under this naming convention, Cu+ is

cuprous and Cu2+ is cupric. For naming metal complexes see the page on complex (chemistry).

4.Oxyanions (polyatomic anions containing oxygen) are named with -ite or -ate, for

a lesser or greater quantity of oxygen. For example, NO2- is nitrite, while NO3- is

nitrate. If four oxyanions are possible, the prefixes hypo- and per- are used:

Hypochlorite is ClO-, Perchlorate is ClO4-,

5.The prefix bi- is a deprecated way of indicating the presence of a single hydrogen

ion, as in "sodium bicarbonate" (NaHCO3). The modern method specifically

names the hydrogen atom. Thus, NaHCO3 would be pronounced "sodium

hydrogen carbonate".

Positively charged ions are called cations and negatively charged ions are called anions. The cation is always named first. Ions can be metals or polyatomic ions. Therefore the name of the metal or positive polyatomic ion is followed by the name of the non-metal or negative polyatomic ion. The positive ion retains its element name whereas for a single non-metal anion the ending is changed to -ide.

Example: sodium chloride, potassium oxide, or calcium carbonate.

When the metal has more than one possible ionic charge or oxidation number the name becomes ambiguous. In these cases the oxidation number of the metal ion is represented by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the metal ion name. For example in uranium(VI) fluoride the oxidation number of uranium is 6. Another example is the iron oxides. FeO is iron(II) oxide and Fe2O3 is iron(III) oxide.

An older system used prefixes and suffixes to indicate the oxidation number, according to the following scheme:

Oxidation state Cations and acids Anions

Lowest hypo- -ous hypo- -ite

-ous -ite

-ic -ate

Highest per- -ic per- -ate

Thus the four oxyacids of chlorine are called hypochlorous acid (HOCl), chlorous acid (HOClO), chloric acid (HOClO2) and perchloric acid (HOClO3), and their respective conjugate bases are the hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate and perchlorate ions. This system has partially fallen out of use, but survives in the common names of many chemical compounds: the modern literature contains few references to "ferric chloride" (instead calling it "iron(III) chloride"), but names like "potassium permanganate" (instead of "potassium manganate(VII)") and "sulfuric acid" abound.

Naming simple ionic compounds

An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion. See polyatomic ions for a list of possible ions.

For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written using Roman numerals in parentheses immediately following the element name) For example, Cu(NO3)2 is copper(II) nitrate, because the charge of two nitrate ions is 2 x -1 = -2, and since the net charge of the ionic compound must be zero, the Cu ion has a 2+ charge. This compound is therefore copper(II) nitrate.

The Roman numerals in fact show the oxidation number, but in simple ionic compounds (i.e., not metal complexes) this will always equal the ionic charge on the metal. For a simple overview see [1], for more details see selected pages from IUPAC rules for naming inorganic compounds.

[edit]

List of common ion names

Monatomic anions:

Cl- chloride

S2- sulfide

P3- phosphide

Polyatomic ions:

NH4+ ammonium

H3O+ hydronium

NO3- nitrate

NO2- nitrite

ClO- hypochlorite

ClO2- chlorite

ClO3- chlorate

ClO4- perchlorate

SO32- sulfite

SO42- sulfate

HSO3- hydrogen sulfite (or bisulfate)

HCO3- hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)

CO32- carbonate

PO43- phosphate

HPO42- hydrogen phosphate

H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate

CrO42- chromate

Cr2O72- dichromate

BO33- orthoborate

AsO43- arsenate

C2O42- oxalate

CN- cyanide

MnO4- permanganate

Naming hydrates

Hydrates are ionic compounds that have absorbed water. They are named as the ionic compound followed by a numerical prefix and -hydrate. The numerical prefixes used are listed below:

1.mono-

2.di-

3.tri-

4.tetra-

5.penta-

6.hexa-

7.hepta-

8.octa-

9.nona-

10.deca-

For example, CuSO4 · 5H2O is "copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate".

Naming molecular compounds

Inorganic molecular compounds are named with a prefix (see list above) before each element. The more electronegative element is written last and with an -ide suffix. For example, CO2 is carbon dioxide, and CCl4 is carbon tetrachloride. There are some exceptions to the rule, however. The prefix mono- is not used with the first element; for example, CO2 is carbon dioxide, not "monocarbon dioxide". Sometimes prefixes are shortened when the ending vowel of the prefix "conflicts" with a starting vowel in the compound. This makes the compound easier to speak; for example, CO is "carbon monoxide" (as opposed to "monooxide").

Naming acids

Acids are named by the anion they form when dissolved in water. If an acid forms an anion named ___ide, it is named hydro___ic acid. For example, hydro chlor ic acid forms a chlor ide anion. Secondly, anions with an -ate suffix are formed from acids with an -ic suffix are dissolved -- chlor ic acid dissociates to chlor ate anions in water. Thirdly, anions with an -ite suffix are formed when acids with an -ous suffix are dissolved in water; for example chlor ous acid disassociates into chlor ite anions. Compositional nomenclature

Substitutive nomenclature

BH3borane CH4methane NH3azane H2O oxidane HF fluorane

AlH3alumane SiH4silane PH3phosphane H2S sulfane HCl chlorane

GaH3gallane GeH4germane AsH3arsane H2Se selane HBr bromane

InH3indigane SnH4stannane SbH3stibane H2Te tellane HI iodane

TlH3thallane PbH4plumbane BiH3bismuthane H2Po polane HAs astatane

A

?Aluminium oxide – Al2O3

?Aluminium chloride – AlCl3

?Aluminium hydroxide – Al(OH)3

?Aluminium monostearate

?Aluminium sulfate – Al2(SO4)3

?Ammonia – NH3

?Ammonium bicarbonate – NH4HCO3

?Ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate – (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6

?Ammonium chloride – NH4Cl

?Ammonium nitrate – NH4NO3

?Ammonium sulfate – (NH4)2SO4

?Antimony(III) acetate

?Antimony hydride – SbH3

?Antimony pentachloride

?Antimony pentafluoride

?Antimony trioxide – Sb2O3

?Arsine – As H3

?Arsenic trioxide (Arsenic(III) oxide) – As2O3

B

?Barium carbonate – BaCO3

?Barium chloride – BaCl2

?Barium hydroxide – Ba(OH)2

?Barium iodide – BaI2

?Barium nitrate – Ba(NO3)2

?Barium sulfate – BaSO4

?Beryllium hydroxide

?Beryllium oxide — BeO

?Bismarck Brown Y

?Bismuth(III) oxide Bi2O3

?Bismuth subsalicylate

?Borane

?Borax – Na2B4O7·10H2O

?Boric acid – H3B O3

?Boron carbide

?Boron nitride – B N

?Boron oxide

?Boron trifluoride – BF3

?Bromine pentafluoride

?Bromine trifluoride

?n-Butyllithium

?sec-Butyllithium

?tert-Butyllithium

C

?Cacodylic acid

?Cadmium chloride

?Cadmium sulfate hydrate

?Caesium bicarbonate

?Caesium carbonate

?Caesium chloride

?Caesium fluoride

?Calcium carbide

?Calcium carbonate

?Calcium chloride – CaCl2

?Calcium fluoride – CaF2

?Calcium hydride

?Calcium hydroxide – CaOH2

?Calcium sulfate (redirect to Gypsum)

?Carbon dioxide – CO2

?Carbonic acid

?Carbonyl fluoride

?Carboplatin

?Cerium(III) chloride

?Cerium(IV) sulfate

?Chromic acid

?Chromium(III) chloride

?Chromium(II) chloride

?Chromium(III) oxide

?Chromium(IV) oxide

?Chromium(VI) oxide (redirect to Chromic acid) ?Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

?Cobalt(II) chloride – CoCl2

?Cobalt(II) carbonate – CoCO3

?Copper(II) carbonate – CuCO3

?Copper(I) chloride – CuCl

?Copper(II) chloride – CuCl2

?Copper(I) oxide – Cu2O

?Copper(II) oxide – CuO

?Copper(II) sulfate – CuSO4

?Copper(I) sulfide – Cu2S

?Copper(II) sulfide – CuS

?Cyanogen

?Cyanogen chloride

?Cyanuric chloride

D

?Decaborane (redirect to Diborane) ?Diborane

?Dichlorosilane

?Dimethylmercury

?Disilane

?Dysprosium(III) chloride

E

?Europium(III) chloride

G

?Gadolinium(III) chloride

?Gallium arsenide – GaAs

?Gallium(III) chloride

?Germanium tetrahydride

?Gold(III) chloride

H

?Hexafluorotitanic acid

?Hydrazine – N2H4

?Hydrazoic acid

?Hydrobromic acid – HBr

?Hydrochloric acid – HCl

?Hydroiodic acid – HI

?Hydrogen bromide – HBr

?Hydrogen chloride – HCl

?Hydrogen fluoride – HF

?Hydrogen peroxide – H2O2

?Hypochlorous acid

?Hypophosphorous acid

[I

?Indium(I) chloride

?Indium phosphide

?Iodic acid

?Iodine monochloride

?Iridium(IV) chloride

?Iron(III) chloride – Fe Cl3

?Iron(II) oxide – Fe O

?Iron(II,III) oxide – Fe3O4

?Iron(III) oxide – Fe2O3

?Iron-sulfur cluster

?Iron(III) thiocyanate

J

K

?Potassium hydroxide – KOH

L

?Lanthanum carbonate

?Lead(IV) acetate

?Lead(II) chloride

?Lead(II) iodide

?Lead(II) nitrate

?Lead(II) oxide

?Lead(IV) oxide

?Lithium aluminium hydride

?Lithium bromide

?Lithium carbonate (redirect to Lithium salt)

?Lithium chloride

?Lithium citrate (redirect to Lithium salt)

?Lithium diisopropylamide

?Lithium hydride

?Lithium hydroxide

?Lithium nitrate

?Lithium sulfate

?M

?Magnesium carbonate

?Magnesium chloride

?Magnesium oxide

?Magnesium phosphate – Mg3(PO4)2

?Magnesium sulfate

?Manganese(IV) oxide – Mn O2, manganese dioxide ?Manganese(II) acetate

?Manganese(II) chloride

?Manganese(IV) fluoride

?Manganese(II) phosphate

?Mercury(I) chloride

?Mercury(II) chloride

?Mercury fulminate

?Mercury(II) sulfide

?Metaphosphoric acid

?Methylmercury

?Methylmercury hydroxide

?Molybdate orange

?Molybdenum trioxide

?Molybdenum disulfide – MoS2

?Molybdenum hexacarbonyl

?Molybdic acid

?N

?n-butyllithium (redirect to Organolithium reagent) ?Neodymium(III) chloride

?Nessler's reagent

?Nickel(II) hydroxide

?Nickelocene

?Nickel(II) nitrate

?Niobium pentachloride

?Nitric acid

?Nitric oxide

?Nitrogen dioxide

?Nitrosylsulphuric acid

?Nitrous oxide ]

O

?Orthophosphoric acid

?Osmium tetroxide – Os O4, osmium(VIII) oxide

?Oxybis(tributyltin)

?Oxygen difluoride

?Ozone – O3

P

?Palladium(II) nitrate

?Pentaborane

?Pentasulfide antimony

?Perchloric acid – HClO4

?Perchloryl fluoride

?Phenylarsine oxide

?Phenyllithium

?Phenylmercuric acetate

?Phenylphosphine

?Phosgene

?Phosphine – PH3

?Phosphomolybdic acid

?Phosphoric acid

?Phosphorus pentabromide

?Phosphorus pentafluoride

?Phosphorus tribromide

?Phosphorus trichloride

?Phosphorus trifluoride

?Phosphorus triiodide

?Phosphotungstic acid

?Platinum(IV) chloride

?Platinum(II) chloride

?Plutonium(IV) oxide

?Potash Alum– K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O

?Potassium bromide

?Potassium hydrogencarbonate

?Potassium carbonate

?Potassium chloride

?Potassium citrate

?Potassium hydroxide

?Potassium iodide

?Potassium monopersulfate – K2SO4.KHSO4.2KHSO5

?Potassium nitrate, KNO3

?Potassium permanganate – KMnO4

?Potassium sulfate

?Praseodymium(III) chloride

?Prussian blue (Iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)) – Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 Q

R

?Radium chloride

?Radon difluoride – RnF2

?Rhodium(III) chloride

?Rubidium hydroxide

?Ruthenium(VIII) oxide

S

?Samarium(II) iodide

?Samarium(III) chloride

?Sec-butyllithium

?Selenium dioxide

?Silane – Si H4

?Silica gel

?Silicic acid

?Silicochloroform

?Silicofluoric acid

?Silicon dioxide

?Silver chloride

?Silver(I) fluoride – AgF

?Silver iodide

?Silver nitrate – Ag NO3

?Soda lime

?Sodium acetate

?Sodium bromide

?Sodium carbonate

?Sodium chloride – NaCl

?Sodium chlorate

?Sodium cyanide

?Sodium hydride

?Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Sodium bicarbonate)

?Sodium hydroxide

?Sodium iodide

?Sodium nitrate

?Sodium nitrite

?Sodium percarbonate – 2Na2CO3.3H2O2

?Sodium phosphate; see Trisodium phosphate – Na3PO4?Sodium silicate

?Sodium sulfate

?Sodium sulfide

?Sodium sulfite

?Stannous chloride (tin(II) chloride)

?Stibine

?Strontium chloride

?Strontium nitrate

?Sulfamic acid

?Sulfane

?Sulfur dioxide – S O2

?Sulfurated potash

?Sulfuric acid – H2SO4

?Sulfurous acid

?Sulfuryl chloride

T

?Tantalum carbide

?Tantalum(V) oxide

?Tellurium tetrachloride

?Terbium(III) chloride

?Tert-butyllithium

?Tetraborane(10)

?Tetrabutyltin

?Tetrachloroauric acid

?Tetraethyl lead

?Tetraethyl tin

?Tetrafluorohydrazine

?Tetramminecopper(II) sulfate

?Tetraphenyltin

?Thallium(III) sulfate

?Thallium(I) fluoride

?Thallium(III) oxide

?Thallium(I) carbonate

?Thionyl chloride

?Thiophosgene

?Thiophosphoryl chloride

?Thorium dioxide

?Thulium(III) chloride

?Tin(II) chloride

?Tin(II) fluoride

?Tin(IV) chloride

?Titanic acid – Ti(OH)4

?Titanium dioxide – Ti O2, titanium(IV) oxide ?Titanium(IV) chloride

?Titanocene dichloride

?Triethylaluminium

?Trimethyltin chloride

?Triphenylantimony (triphenylstibine)

?Tripotassium phosphate

?Trisodium phosphate – Na3PO4

?Tungsten carbide – WC

?Tungstic acid

U

?Uranium hexafluoride – UF6

?Uranyl zinc acetate

?Uranium Oxide(Pitch Blende) – U3O8

V

?Vanadium oxytrichloride

?Vanadyl sulfate

?Vanadium(V) oxide

W

?Water – H2O

X

?Xenon difluoride

?Xenon hexafluoroplatinate

?Xenon tetrafluoride

?Xenon tetroxide

Y

?Ytterbium chloride

?Yttrium fluoride

Z

?Zinc chloride

?Zinc chromate hydroxide

?Zinc oxide

?Zirconium(IV) chloride

?Zirconium(IV) oxide

?Zirconocene dichloride

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分;院定基础课获得的学分不低于12分(包括累计考核2学分),院定基础课和专业基础课获得的总学分不低于16分;总学分中至少包含一门进展课2学分。 四、课程设置 1、英语、政治等公共必修课和必修环节按研究生院统一要求。 2、专业课程分为院定基础课、专业基础课及专业选修课。 基础课和专业课如下所列。 院定基础课: 累计考核(2)(博士生必修) 纳米化学(3)CH16205团簇和团簇化学(2) CH25203分子光谱分析进展(3)CH25204近代电分析化学(3) CH25205分离科学与进展(3)CH35201高等有机化学(4) CH35202有机合成化学(4)CH34201有机结构分析(4) CH45208量子化学(4)CH44203反应动力学(4) CH44202分子光谱学(4)CH55201功能高分子(4) CH55202高分子凝聚态物理(4)CH55204聚合物研究方法(4) CH65205污染控制材料(2) CH65201膜科学与技术(3)CH65202环境生物技术原理(3) MS15203固体物理(4)MS15207固体材料结构(4) MS15201材料物理(4)MS25201热力学与相平衡(3) MS25202材料中的速率过程(3)MS25203材料合成化学(3) 专业基础课:

化学常用英文单词

Bunsen burner 本生灯 product 化学反应产物 flask 烧瓶 apparatus 设备 PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂 matrass 卵形瓶 litmus 石蕊 litmus paper 石蕊试纸 graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯 reagent 试剂 test tube 试管 burette 滴定管 retort 曲颈甑 still 蒸馏釜 cupel 烤钵 crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚 pipette 吸液管 filter 滤管 stirring rod 搅拌棒 element 元素 body 物体 compound 化合物 atom 原子 gram atom 克原子 atomic weight 原子量 atomic number 原子数 atomic mass 原子质量 molecule 分子 electrolyte 电解质 ion 离子 anion 阴离子 cation 阳离子 electron 电子 isotope 同位素 isomer 同分异物现象 polymer 聚合物 symbol 复合 radical 基 structural formula 分子式 valence, valency 价 monovalent 单价 bivalent 二价 halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金 metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦

无机化学常用公式小全

1:理想气体状态方程 pV nRT = (该公式的各类变体详见第四章) 2:实际气体状态方程。 ()2 n a V nb nRT V p ?? ??+-=?? ?????? ?实实 3:混合气体的分压定律 i i p p =∑总i i i V V p p x p ==g g 总 总总 4:Graham 气体扩散定律 () () u A u B == 5:质量摩尔浓度,物质的量浓度,质量浓度和摩尔分数表示方法。 ()()()n B b B m A = 或() ()()n B m B m A = ()()n B c B V = () ()m B w B M = ()() ()() ()() n n x n n n = = +质质质质剂液,()()() () ()()n n x n n n == +剂剂剂质剂液 ()() ()() () () 55.56 n n b x n n n = ≈ = +质质质质剂剂 6:Raoult 定律 p p x *=g (剂) ()’’p p x p k b kb k p k ***?===g (质)= 7:沸点升高公式 ’’b b f f T k p k b T k p k b ?=?=?=?= 8:溶液渗透压公式 cRT ∏= V nRT ∏=

常用物理量一览表

1:()() x x x x ?=-终始 (无论是什么量) 2:W p V =-?g 外 3:(热力学第一定律)U Q W ?=+ 4:恒容反应热 (1)V Q U ?= (2)V Q C T =-?g (3) 12 1211 22 V V V V Q Q T Q Q T T T ?= ?=???g (推论1) (4) 11222122 m Q m Q M T M T =??(推论2) 5:恒压反应热 (1)H U pV =+ (2) ()()()()212211222111p Q U W U p V U U p V p V U p V U p V H =?-=?+?=-+ -=+-+=?外 6:Q p 与Q v 的关系 (1)p v nR Q Q T =+? (2)r r m H H ξ ??= (3)r m r m H U RT ν?=?+?(注:左右两边的单位为J ·mol -1) 7:标准生成热的应用 r m i f m i f m i i H v H v H ΘΘΘ ?=?-?∑∑(生成物)(反应物) 8:燃烧热 r m i c m i c m i i H v H v H ΘΘΘ?=?-?∑∑(反应物)(生成物) (注意反应物与生成物的前后顺序。) 9:熵 ()231ln 1.3810S k k J K --=Ω=? r Q S T ?= (注:该公式只在恒温可逆过程中成立)

系统命名法

有机物系统命名法 1.带支链烷烃 主链选碳链最长、带支链最多者。 编号按最低系列规则。从*侧链最近端编号,如两端号码相同时,则依次比较下一取代基位次,最先遇到最小位次定为最低系统(不管取代基性质如何)。 2,3,5-三甲基己烷,不叫2,4,5-三甲基己烷,因2,3,5与2,4,5对比是最低系列。 取代基次序IUPAC规定依英文名第一字母次序排列。我国规定采用立体化学中“次序规则”:优先基团放在后面,如第一原子相同则比较下一原子。 2-甲基-3-乙基戊烷,因—CH2CH3>—CH3,故将—CH3放在前面。 2.单官能团化合物 主链选含官能团的最长碳链、带侧链最多者,称为某烯(或炔、醇、醛、酮、酸、酯、……)。卤代烃、硝基化合物、醚则以烃为母体,以卤素、硝基、烃氧基为取代基,并标明取代基位置。 编号从*近官能团(或上述取代基)端开始,按次序规则优先基团列在后面。 3.多官能团化合物 (1)脂肪族 选含官能团最多(尽量包括重键)的最长碳链为主链。官能团词尾取法习惯上按下列次序, —OH>—NH2(=NH)>C≡C>C=C 如烯、炔处在相同位次时则给双键以最低编号。 (2)脂环族、芳香族 如侧链简单,选环作母体;如取代基复杂,取碳链作主链。 (3)杂环 从杂原子开始编号,有多种杂原子时,按O、S、N、P顺序编号。 4.顺反异构体 (1)顺反命名法 环状化合物用顺、反表示。相同或相似的原子或基因处于同侧称为顺式,处于异侧称为反式。 (2)Z,E命名法 化合物中含有双键时用Z、E表示。按“次序规则”比较双键原子所连基团大小,较大基团处于同侧称为Z,处于异侧称为E。 次序规则是: (Ⅰ)原子序数大的优先,如I>Br>Cl>S>P>F>O>N>C>H,未共享电子对:为最小;

无机化学英语词汇

专业英语词汇-----无机化学 acid 酸 base 碱 salt 盐 acid (or base) dissociation constant 酸(或碱)解离常数atomic number 原子序数 atomic orbital s 原子轨道 atom 原子 molecule 分子 ion 离子 cation 阳离子 anion 阴离子 charge 电荷 bond 键 bonding 成键 double bond 双(重)键 single bond 单键 covalent bond 共价键 hydrogen bond 氢键 hydrogen bonding 氢键的形成hybridization 杂化

coordination compounds or complexes 配位化合物(配合物)ligand 配体 electronic configuration 电子组态 electron affinity 电子亲和性electronegativity 电负性 experiment 实验 inorganic chemistry 无机化学 inorganic compounds 无机化合物 ionization energy 电离能 lattice energy 晶格能 interaction 相互作用 oxoacid 含氧酸 oxide 氧化物 monoxide 一氧化物 dioxide 二氧化物 hydroxide 氢氧化物 hydride 氢化物 sulfide 硫化物 alkali (强)碱 alkali metals 碱金属 halide 卤化物 hydrogen halide 卤化氢

(完整word版)Education相关英语单词

kindergarten n.幼儿园 junior middle school n.初中 senior school; high school n.高中 university; college n.大学 branch school n.分校 campus n.校园 scholarship n.奖学金 seminar n.研讨班;研讨会 elite n.精英 undergraduate n.大学生 repeater n.留级生 abroad student n.留学生 freshman n.大学一年级学生 sophomore n.大学二年级学生 junior n.大学三年级学生 graduate student n.研究生 postgraduate n.研究生 master n.硕士 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理学硕士 doctor n.博士 tutor n.导师 English --Education

kindergarten n.幼儿园 junior middle school n.初中senior school; high school n.高中university; college n.大学 branch school n.分校 campus n.校园 scholarship n.奖学金 seminar n.研讨班;研讨会 elite n.精英 undergraduate n.大学生 repeater n.留级生 abroad student n.留学生freshman n.大学一年级学生sophomore n.大学二年级学生junior n.大学三年级学生graduate student n.研究生postgraduate n.研究生 master n.硕士 MBA (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理学硕士doctor n.博士 tutor n.导师diploma n.毕业证书,学位证书bachelor degree n.本科学位master degree n.硕士学位doctorate n.博士学位graduation thesis n.毕业论文 core journals n.核心期刊Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI ) 中文社会科学引文索引Management World 《管理世界》The Economist《经济学家》contribute v.投稿 abstract n.摘要 keyword n.关键词 Introduction n.引言 literature review n.文献综述theory n.理论 model n.模型 references n.参考文献 appendix n.附录acknowledgment n.致谢president; headmaster n.校长

化学名称英语互译

使用卡 Dear Sir or Madam W e have obtained your name and address from Internet W e would like to take this opportunity to introduce our company and products, with the hope that we may work together with you in the future. W e are factory specializing in the manufacture and export of chemical material. To give you a general idea of our products, we are enclosing our catalogue for your reference Inorganic Chemical Products: 无机化学产品 1. Calcium Chloride 氯化钙 2. Sodium Formate 甲酸钠 3. Sodium Sulphate 硫酸钠元明粉芒 硝 4. Sodium Hexametaphosphate 六偏磷酸钠 5. Sodium Meterbisulphite 6. Sodium Tripolyphosphate 三聚磷酸钠 三磷酸钠 7. Zinc Oxide 氧化锌 8. PAC 聚合氧化铝聚氧化铝 9. Aluminium Sulphate 硫酸铝 10. Caustic soda 苛性钠氧化钠 11. Soda ash 碳酸钠苏打粉 12. Barium sulfate 硫酸钡 13. Zinc Sulphate 硫酸锌 14. Potassium Carbonate 碳酸钾 Organic Chemical products: 有机化学产品 1. Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose 甲基纤维素 2. Formic Acid 甲酸蚁酸 3. Oxalic Acid 草酸 4. Pentaerythritol 季戊四醇 5. Glacial Acetic Acid 冰醋酸冰乙酸 6. LABSA 烷基苯磺酸 Pigment &Dyestuff: 颜料和染料 1. Lithopone 锌钡白 2. Sulphur Black 硫磺黑 3. Titanium Dioxide 二氧化钛 4. Chrome Oxide Green 氧化格绿 5. Carbon black 炭黑 Feedstuff 饲料 Zinc Oxide 氧化锌 Should any of these items be of interest to you, please let us know. W e will be happy to give you a quotation upon receipt of your detailed requirements I look forward to your early reply. Best wishes. Anna MSN suxiaocui19880513@https://www.doczj.com/doc/ec1663311.html, 语言格式 Dear my friend How is your business going W e are one of biggest manufacturers and exporters in china, we have the chemicals as follows: Detergent chemicals industry 清洁剂化学 1. Sodium Tripolyphosphate 2. Caustic soda 3. LABSA 4. SLES 十二烷基醚硫酸钠 W ater treatment chemicals industry 水处理化学 1.PAC 2.Aluminium Sulphate 3.Polyacrylamide (PAM) 聚丙烯酰胺 4.Actived Carbon 活跃碳 Textile chemicals industry 纺织化学产品 1. Formic acid 2. Glacial acetic acid 3. Sodium formate 4. Hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢 Paint chemicals industry 颜料化学 1. Titanium dioxide 2. Lithopone 3. Zinc oxide 4. Iron oxide 5. Chrome Oxide Green New chemicals 新化学产品 1.paraffin wax 固体石蜡 2.calcium carbide 碳化钙 3.glycerin 甘油 4.boric acid 硼酸 5.EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸 6.potassium carbonate 碳酸钾 7.gum rosin 松香 8.perchloroethylene 全氯乙烯 9.Zinc Sulphate 硫酸锌 10.butyl acrylate 丙烯酸乙酯 11.ethyl acrylate 丙烯酸乙酯 If you have any enquiries, please feel free to

无机化学专业的专业英语词汇

无机化学专业英语词汇 1.化学原理·chemical principles 2.气体,液体和溶液的性质·the behaviors of gas ,liquid and solution 3.理想气体定律·ideal gas law 4.道尔顿分压定律·Dalton’s Law of Partial pressures 5.液体的蒸汽压·vapor pressure of liquid 6.液体的凝固点·freezing point of liquid 7.体系和环境·system and surrounding 8.状态和状态函数·states and state functions 9.化学热力学基础·the basis of chemical thermodynamics 10.化学平衡·chemical equilibrium 11.体系与状态·system and state 12.热力学定理·law of thermodynamics 13.热化学·thermochemistry 14.焓·enthalpy 15.混乱度·disorder 16.熵·entropy 17.吉布斯自由能·Gibbs free energy 18.化学平衡·chemical equilibrium 19.标准平衡常数·standard equilibrium constant 20.同离子效应·the common ion effect

21.缓冲溶液·buffered solution 22.酸碱理论与电离平衡·the theories of acids &bases and ionization equilibrium 23.盐的水解·the hydrolysis of salts 24.沉淀反应·the precipitation reactions 25.溶度积·solubility product 26.沉淀溶解平衡的移动·equilibrium shift between precipitation and dissolution 27.分步沉淀·stepwise precipitation 28.盐效应·salt effect 29.氧化还原反应·oxidation and reduction reactions 30.还原剂·reducing agent or reducer or reductant 31.氧化剂·oxidazing agent or oxidizer or oxidant 32.原电池·galvanic cell 33.负极,正极·negative pole, positive pole 34.阳极,阴极·anode ,cathode 35.燃料电池·fuel cell 36.电化学·electrochemistry 37.电极电势·electrode potential 38.歧化反应·disproportionation reaction 39.化学动力学基础·the basis of chemical dynamics 40.化学反应速率·the rate of chemical reaction

高校无机化学

XXXX大学 无机化学课程教学大纲 (供中药学、中药资源与开发、中药制药、药物制剂、生物制药、食品质量与安 全专业使用) 课程名称:无机化学英文名称:Inorganic Chemistry 课程类别:基础必修课课程编码:040228 课程学分: 2 课程学时:36 开课单位:药学院药学基础化学教研室实验室:药学院药学基础化学实验室先修课程:大学化学基础后续课程:有机化学 实践项目数:12 课程负责人:邵江娟 一、课程简介 《无机化学》是中药学、中药资源与开发、中药制药、药物制剂等专业的一门必修基础课,它的任务是为学生提供必要的无机化学基础理论、基本知识和基本操作技能,从而为后续课程(如《有机化学》、《分析化学》等)的学习打下良好的基础。 二、教学目标与基本要求 本课程的内容,既要注意本学科的系统性,又要注意专业需要。为此,分为基本理论和元素化学两部分。学生应掌握四大平衡(包括酸碱平衡、沉淀溶解平衡、氧化还原平衡、配位平衡)和物质结构(原子结构、分子结构)理论等,同时熟悉主族、副族元素单质及化合物的一些性质。本课程的实验任务是培养学生严谨的科学态度和理论联系实际的作风,实验包括基本操作、验证理论和某些化合物的性质等内容,以增加学生的感性认识。 学生在学习中应培养自信、兴趣和自觉性,结合研究型教学、自主性学习,了解无机化学最新研究进展及成果,以树立科学精神和创新思维。 三、学情分析 无机化学学在第1学期开设,之前学完了《大学化学基础》课程,学生复习了高中化学知识,初步掌握了大学化学理论基础,为系统学习无机化学做好了知识储备。

鉴于本课程是从中学进入大学的先行基础课,故不仅要注意理论讲授、实验操作、习题辅导等,还要引导学生尽快地适应大学的学习方法;从各个环节培养学生独立思考、分析问题和解决问题的能力,注意培养学生热爱本专业的思想。 四、教学内容与学时分配 (一)教学内容 【TPMS_START】 【第一章】绪论 【学时数】1 【授课方式】课堂讲授 【备注】111 【教学内容】化学发展简史;无机化学简介。 【目的要求】 1.了解化学发展简史。 2.了解无机化学的研究内容。 【第二章】溶液 【学时数】1 【授课方式】课堂讲授 【备注】111 【教学内容】溶液浓度的表示方法;非电解质溶液的依数性。 【目的要求】 1.掌握溶液的表示方法。 2.了解非电解质稀溶液的依数性。 【第三章】化学平衡 【学时数】1 【授课方式】课堂讲授 【备注】111 【教学内容】化学平衡的概念;化学平衡的移动。 【目的要求】 1.了解化学反应的可逆性和化学平衡。 2.掌握标准平衡常数的表示及计算。

化学专业 英语单词

Chemistry Summer Holidays Homework for Future Freshmen of High school Class: __________________________ Chinese Name:______________________ English Name:______________________ Beijing#80 High School International Department

Introduction to Chemistry 化学入门 Definition: Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany there processes. (化学的定义:化学是研究物质的组成,结构,性质,物质发生的变化,以及变化过程中涉及的能量变化。) Branches of Chemistry: Organic Chemistry;Inorganic Chemistry;Physical Chemistry; Analytical Chemistry; Biochemistry; Theoretical chemistry (化学的分支:有机化学;无机化学;物理化学;分析化学;生物化学;理论化学)

Day 1 【Task】Please put the Chinese name into the suitable chapter. Vocabulary about chapter name. 章节名称词汇 (----What may we study about chemistry in the first year? 高一可能涉及哪些化学知识?) 物质和变化;原子:构建物质的基本单元;酸和碱;氧化还原反应;气体; 化学键;原子中的电子排布;称量和计算;有机化学;反应能量;元素周期律;化学方程式和化学反应;化学平衡;化学反应动力学;化学计量学; 化学式和化学物质;物质的状态;生物化学;电化学;滴定与pH值;水溶液中离子和稀溶液的依数性;溶液; Chapter 1 Matter and Change ( ) Chapter 2 Measurement and Calculation ( ) Chapter 3 Atom-Building Block of Matter ( ) Chapter 4 Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms( ) Chapter 5 The periodic Law ( ) Chapter 6 Chemical Bonding ( ) Chapter 7 Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds ( )

1按IUPAC命名法

[习题] 1.按IUPAC命名法,的正确名称是什么? A.(Z,Z)-3-叔丁基-2,4-己二烯 B.反,顺-3-第三丁基-2,4-己二烯 C.(E,Z)-3-叔丁基-2,4-己二烯 D.1,4-二甲基-2-叔丁基-1,3-丁二烯 2.乙醇与二甲醚是什么异构体? A.碳架异构B.位置异构 C.官能团异构D.互变异构 3.下列化合物中哪一个是叔胺? A.(CH3)3CNH2 B.(CH3)3N C.(CH3)4N+Cl- D.C2H5NHCH3 4.根据IUPAC命名法,对映体的构型表示采用哪一种? A.Z,E B.R,S C.D,L D.α,β 5.萘最易溶于哪种溶剂? A.水B.乙醇 C.苯D.乙酸 6.下列化合物中哪一种具有缩醛结构? 7.吡喃环属于哪一类杂环? A.硼杂环B.氧杂环 C.氮杂环D.硫杂环 8.将下列每一个化合物的立体异构用Z、E或R、S表示。并填写在空格内。

9.一切有旋光性的化合物都可以用D和L表示构型吗? 10.二氯丙烷可能的异构体数目是多少? A.2 B.4 C.6 D.5 11.下列化合物中哪一个有顺、反异构体? A.C6H5—CH=CH2 B.C6H5-NH-OH C.C6H5-CH=N-OH D.C6H5—NH-NH2 12.下列四个式子中,哪一个与其它三个式子不同? 13.具有对映异构现象的烷烃的最少碳原子是多少? A.6 B.7 C.8 D.9 14.一个化合物虽然含有手性碳原子,但化合物自身可以与它的镜象叠合,这个化合物叫什么?A.内消旋体B.外消旋体 C.对映异构体D.低共熔化合物 15.下列化合物中,哪一个的烯醇式含量高? A.CH3CHO B.CH3COCH3 C.CH3COCH2COCH3D.CH3COCH2COOC2H5 16.下列化合物中,哪一个不属于手性分子? 17.下列化合物中,哪一个具有旋光异构体? A.CH3CH2Br B.CH3C(OH)Br2 C.CH3CH2COOH D.CH3C(OH)ClBr 18.打*号的碳原子构型属于 A.R B.S C.无手性D.假手性 19.与二者的关系是__ 。

无机化学练习题(含答案)

无机化学练习题(含答案) 第1章原子结构与元素周期系 1-1 试讨论,为什么有的元素的相对原子质量(原子量)的有效数字的位数多达9位,而有的元素的相对原子质量(原子量)的有效数字却少至3~4位? 分子分解为Br原子需要的最低解离能为190kJ/mol,求引起溴分子解离1-2 Br 2 需要吸收的最低能量子的波长与频率。 1-3 氢原子核外电子光谱中的莱曼光谱中有一条谱线的波长为103nm,问:它相应于氢原子核外电子的哪一个跃迁? 1-4 周期系中哪一个元素的电负性最大?哪一个元素的电负性最小?周期系从左到右和从上到下元素的电负性变化呈现什么规律?为什么? 1-5 什么叫惰性电子对效应?它对元素的性质有何影响? 1-6 当氢原子的一个电子从第二能级层跃迁至第一能级层时发射出光子的波长是121.6nm;当电子从第三能级层跃迁至第二能级层时,发射出光子的波长是656.3nm。问哪一个光子的能量大? 1-7 有A,B,C,D四种元素。其中A为第四周期元素,与D可形成1:1和1:2原子比的化合物。B为第四周期d区元素,最高氧化数为7。C和B是同周期元素,具有相同的最高氧化数。D为所有元素中电负性第二大元素。给出四种元素的元素符号,并按电负性由大到小排列之。 1-8有A,B,C,D,E,F元素,试按下列条件推断各元素在周期表中的位置、元素符号,给出各元系的价电子构型。 (1)A,B,C为同一周期活泼金属元素,原子半径满足A>B>C,已知C有3个电子层。 (2)D,E为非金属元素,与氢结合生成HD和HE。室温下D的单质为液体,E 的单质为固体。 (3)F为金属元素,它有4个电子层并且有6个单电子。 第2章分子结构

IUPAC系统命名法

CH 3CH 2CH 2CHCH 2CH 3CH(CH 3) 2 1-丁烯-3-炔 HC C C C 3H 7-n C CH CH 2C 3H 7-n 12 3 45 63,4-二丙基-1,3-己二烯-5-炔 IUPAC 命名法系统命名法 1.烷烃命名法则: a. 选择取代基较多的最长的连续碳链为主链,命名时称为某基某烷。 b.编号:遵循最低系列原则,由距离支链最近的主链一端开始编号(取代基位次最小) C.写名称 (1)取代基名称写在母体(某烷)之前,按字母顺序排列 (2)用汉字“二、三、四…”标明相同取代基有多少, 用逗号分开不同位次,一个碳上有两个或以上相同基团,位次号应重复标出,阿拉伯数字和汉字间用短横线隔开; 2-甲基- 3 –乙基己烷 2.烯烃、炔烃命名 1) 选择含不饱和键的最长碳链为主链 2) 主链从最靠近不饱和键一端编号 3)命名时标明取代基和不饱和键的位次,如不饱和键在1,2位,可不标明 如碳原子数大于10,须用十一碳烯(炔),十二碳烯(炔)不能用十一烯 分子中同时有碳-碳双键或碳-碳三键时 称为烯炔,命名时 : ①选择同时含C=C 及C ≡C 的最长碳链作为主链 ②离不饱和键最近的一端(双键或叁键)开始编号 如C=C 及C ≡C 处于相同位次,则首先满足C=C 位次最小 3. 环烃命名: 成环碳原子数,环某烷 环上的支链作为取代基,数个取代基要编号(取小位次)较优基团后置(较大编号),较小基前置(较小编号)

C 2H 5CH 3 123412 3 1-甲基-3-乙基环己烷 1,1,4-三甲基环己烷 CH 3 CH 3 123 4561,6-二甲基环己烯 环烯烃则把1,2位次留给双键 ,最先遇到C=C 及取代基 4.芳烃的命名 A.芳环上连有多个烷基时,以芳基为母体,并遵循“最低序列”和“优先基团后列出”的原则命名。 B.当复杂基团或不饱和基团与芳环相连时, 则以芳环作取代基。 C.苯的一元衍生物: 1)-X, -NO2和简单R-取代的苯衍生物视苯为母体,称为“××苯” 2)苯的其它常见一元衍生物均将苯视做取代基,称为“苯(基) ××”。如: D.苯的多元衍生物: 多官能团化合物的命名 1) 确定母体名称:下列顺序选择最优先的官能团确定母体名称,其余的官能团全部视做取代基; 官能团优先次序 2)编号:使母体 官能团编号最小,其他取代基按最低系列原则编号,二元衍生物使用

Vocabulary-词汇表

vocabulary sum abnormal[?b'n?:m?l] adj.反常的,不规则的absorb [?b's?:b, -'z?:b] vt. 吸收;吸引;accumulation [?,kju:mju'lei??n] n. 积聚,累积 acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂 actinide elements 锕系元素 activated complex 活化络合物 adsorb [?d's?:b] vt. 吸附 aggregation [,?ɡri'ɡei??n] n. 聚合,聚集;聚集体 algebraic sum 代数和 alkali ['?lk?lai] n. 碱;可溶性无机盐adj. 碱性 alkali metal 碱金属 allotrope['?l?utr?up]n.同素异形体 aluminum[?'lju:min?m]n.铝 amorphous[?'m?:f?s]adj.无定形的amphiprotic [?mfi'pr?tik] adj. 两性的analogous to类推为;类同于 analytical [,?n?'litik,-k?l] adj. 分析的 and vice versa 反过来也一样;反之亦然anode ['?n?ud] n.阳极,正极antiferromagnetic ['?nti,fer?um?ɡ'netik] adj. 反铁磁性的 approximate vt. 使…接近;近似; vi. 接近于;近似于adj. 大概的;近似的approximation [?,pr?ksi'mei??n] n. 接近;近似值;近似 aqueous ['eikwi?s] adj. 水的 astronomy [?'str?n?mi] n. 天文学atmospheren.大气,气氛 atomic radius原子半径 carbonates n.碳酸盐 chloride['kl?:raid]n.氯化物 deliquescence[,deli'kwes?ns] n.潮解 density['densiti]n.密度 Autoionization [,?:t?u,ai?nai'zei??n, -ni'z-] n. 自电离 average n. 平均 bactericide [b?k'ti?ri,said] n.杀菌剂 beadtest熔珠试验 binary a.二元的 bipyramid [bai'pir?mid] n. 双锥体bleaching agent漂白剂 Bond Moment 键矩 borax['b?:r?ks]n.硼砂 boron['b?:r?n]n.硼 brass [brɑ:s] n.黄铜 buffer solution 缓冲溶液 calomel ['k?l?mel] n.甘汞;氯化亚汞Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标直角坐标 catalyst ['k?t?list] n. 催化剂 cathode ['k?θ?ud] n. 阴极 chiral ['kai?r?l] adj.手征的(指不能叠置于 镜像上的分子),手征性的;不对称的 chromium ['kr?umj?m] n.铬 cobalt [k?'b?:lt, 'k?ub?:lt] n.钴 collision theory 碰撞理论 combination of 的组合complementary [k?mpl?'ment?ri] a.补充的complexation n. 络合;络合作用components n.组件;成份composition [,k?mp?'zi??n] n.组成configuration [k?n,figju'rei??n] n. 结构,布局,形态 conjugate acid 共轭酸 conjugate base 共轭碱 constant ['k?nst?nt] adj. 不变的;恒定的;n. 常数;恒量 consume [k?n'sju:m] vt.消耗;耗尽;用掉coordination bond 配位键;配价键coordination compound 配位化合物[亦称 作coordination complex] copper ['k?p?] n.铜

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