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2009年GCT 英语表达能力测试
阅读理解课程讲义
张丽艳
一、大纲分析及得分策略
共4篇文章，每篇文章5个问题。2分/题。共40分。
文章题材、体裁多样。文章涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、科技、人文、时事等。 阅读理解题在整个试卷中是： 所占分值比例最大的题目。40分。
题量最大的题目。1000左右单词的阅读量（包括题目和选项） 时间最紧的题目。21-23分钟的答题时间。 得分目标：24--30分
二、备战阅读理解所需解决的问题及方法
1. 阅读速度和理解的准确度之间的平衡
满足速度上的要求，实现70%的理解，完成80%题目的正确回答没有必要弄清文章的每一个单词、每一个句子、每一个细节，做到所谓的100%理解；而是在准确把握文章大意的前提下，有的放矢地针对文章后面的提问做出正确的解答。
2. 面对文中的生词
首先，不要让文中注定会出现的生词成为影响你阅读的心理障碍。要知道，出现生词是不可避免的，同时，生词的出现并不意味着一定会影响你对文章的正确理解。
其次，要在平时的练习中掌握破解生词的技巧。
除了坚持背单词，全面掌握大纲词汇以外，在阅读中遇到生词时还可以采用以下两个技巧，进行解决： A. 根据构词法，判断词义。词根、前缀、后缀。平时应注意词根记忆。
B. 利用生词与上下文的关系。生词不是孤立的、封闭的，它所出现于其中的句子、段落，都会提供很多的暗示和线索，其中最常见的上下文暗示或线索可以概括为如下五种：
1）同义词或重复线索。标志此含义的词有：and, also, moreover, further, or, likewise, in addition, besides,
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similarly, in fact.
The woman found herself in a difficult situation. In fac t , her plight was so serious that she decided to get help.
Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they see on television. 2）比较/对照线索
一个句子可能包含这样一个单词，它与生词具有相反的意义。同时可能在句中阅读到“on the other hand ”、“however ”、“although ”、“unlike ”、“yet ”、“but ”、 “on the contrary ” “to the opposite ” “otherwise ” “while ”等转折语。
Some people like to walk quickly home after work, but I prefer to strol l home and look at the store windows along the way.
My sister is an optimist , while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen. 3）例释线索 有时会在句中读到表示例释线索的信号词：for example, for instance, such as, to illustrate, in other words, that is to say, the same as 。有时则没有这类信号词。
Mr. Kelada was the most loquacious man I?d ever met. He talked with everyone on the ship, and he always had something to say, no matter what the topic.
4）直接解释的线索
The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is , it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. 5）经验线索或情境线索
It was the first time Nancy had been in the big city. She felt a little apprehensive as she walked out into the street, with so many strange faces staring at her.
3. 在阅读中学会忽略一些单词，做到在不影响理解的情况下提高阅读速度。
阅读专家C.B.Bassin 博士研究表明，漏掉30%的非重点单词并不严重妨碍对文章的理解。由于语言的冗余性，有的单词只是结构符号，有的只传达辅助信息。
(Once there was) a woman (who) was (greatly) troubled by (her) husband. (He) no longer loved her. (He) neglected her and seemed (to) care little (whether she was) happy (or) sad.
三、常规解题技巧
◆ 通过阅读题目选项确定关键词 ◆ 根据关键词在文中寻找依据句
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四、常规解题技巧的实际应用
Directions: In this part there are passages and one listing, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements ．For each of them, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D ．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center ．
2008-11~15．
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:
As our van pulled up to the ranch to start a three-month program for troubled boys, we passed a cowboy on his horse. Bill was the owner of the ranch. We made eye contact through the dusty window and he winked at me and touched the brim of his cowboy hat in welcome.
All summer long Bill and his ranch-hands taught us to ride horse, chop wood, and round up cattle. We started to understand the value of working with our hands. Knowing how important it was for boys like me to know that someone believed in them, he trusted us to do the job and do it right. We never let him down.
The last day at the ranch, bill pulled me aside and praised me for the work I had done-not only on the ranch, but also on myself. He told me if I ever needed anything I could count on him.
Four years later, I took him up on that offer. I called him up and asked for a job, I told him how his confidence in me had given me the courage to change my life. He offered me a job on the spot. I am proud to say that each summer I am the one in the ranch to open the gate for a van full of young men who need someone to believe in them, so they can learn to believe in themselves.
11. The author ?s first impression of Bill was probably his _____ . A. seriousness B. friendliness C. authority D. generosity
12. The author implies what the troubled boys needed most was ____ . A. strict guidance in proper behavior B. challenging demand in hard work C. sympathy and tolerance from adults D. understanding and trust from others
13. By “ Four years lat er, I took him up on that offer” (Para 4), the author means that ____ . A. he admired Bill for that offer B. he offered Bill help in return C. he accepted Bill ?s offer D. he remembered Bill ?s offer
14. The author ?s pride comes from the fact that ____ . A. he has become the owner of the ranch
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B. he has earned complete trust from Bill
C. he has found a way to support himself
D. he has been able to offer help to others
15. Through his own experience, the author tries to tell us something important in ___ A. interpersonal relationship B. off-campus education C. career selection D. self-discipline 2007-11~15．
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage ：
A mother dolphin （海豚） chats with her baby over the telephone! They were in separate tanks connected by a special underwater audio link. “It seemed clear that they knew who they were talking with” , says Don White, whose Project Delphis ran the experiment. But what were they saying?
Scientists think dolphins “talk” about everything from basic facts like their age to their emotional state. “I speculate that they say things like …there are some good fish over here,? or …watch out for that shark because he?s hunting.?” says Denise Herzing, who studies dolphins in the Bahamas.
Deciphering （译解） “dolphin speak” is also tricky because their language is so dependent on what they?re doing, whether they?re playing, fighting, or going after tasty fish. During fights, for example, dolphins clap （碰撞）their jaws to say “Back off!” But their jaws clap while playing, too , as if to show who?s king of the underwater playground ．
11．How did the mother dolphin talk with her baby over the telephone?
A ．Two connected tanks were separated for the talk.
B ．A special underwater audio link was set up for the talk.
C ．Both the mother dolphin and the baby knew each other.
D ．A clear voice could be heard in the two separate tanks.
12．Dolphins seem to talk to each other about any of the following EXCEPT ___.
A ．their age
B ． their emotional state
C ．food sources
D ． audio link 13．Why is it challenging to interpret “dolphin speak”?
A ．Because dolphins? language heavily relies on their actions.
B ．Because dolphins like to talk about their language.
C ．Because playing and fig hting are part of dolphins? life.
D ．Because tasty fish are difficult for dolphins to catch. 14．A dolphin might be saying “____” when it claps its jaws.
A ．Go back to your home ！
B ．Who is playing here!
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15．When scientists describe dolphins? communicative skills, their tone is rather___.
A ．affirmative
B ． speculative
C ． playful
D ． negative
2007-16~20．
Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage ：
An American company has started testing a new program aimed at increasing security. Three workers from https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee755081.html,, a company that provides security camera equipment, have volunteered to be electronically monitored ． They will have a silicon chip put inside their arms. The tiny device is the size of a grain of rice and will send out radio signals. These will provide information to a central monitoring system that will give the workers access to secure areas of the workplace. The chips were originally designed for medical purposes. Sean Darks, CEO of City Watcher, said the chips were like identity cards. He said the only difference is that they are inserted inside the person?s body. He added they are very different from Global Positioning Satellite technology, which allows people?s loca tion to be monitored ． Mr. Darks insisted that they were not dangerous and even decided to have a chip implanted in his own body. However, many people are worried about the issue of privacy. Many believe the technology could be abused and that new laws will have to be made. Mr. Darks said his workers can always choose to have the chips removed ．
16．This passage is mainly about__.
A ．the increasing security of U.S. companies.
B ．the test of a new security program
C ．a new central monitoring system
D ．Global Positioning Satellite technology 17．The three workers from City https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee755081.html, have___.
A ．volunteered to provide security camera equipment
B ．agreed to have silicon chips planted in their brain
C ．offered to be monitored in the new security program
D ．had access to secure areas of their workplace
18．Which of the following is NOT true about the silicon chips in trial?
A ．They are as tiny as a grain of rice.
B ． They will send out radio signals.
C ． They function like identity cards.
D They will be developed for medical uses.
19．The chips are different from the Global Positioning Satellite technology in that ____.
A ．they are inserted into a person?s body as ID cards
B ．they allow people?s location to be monitored
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D ．they bring more danger to the carriers.
20．Many people are worried about the silicon chips because _____.
A ．they are not assured of the effect of the chips.
B ．they cannot get the implanted chips removed
C ．the new laws about the technology might be abused
D ．the new technology may intrude on people?s privacy
2007-21~25．
Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage ：
In fall 2006, the National Basketball Association （NBA ）started using basketballs made with synthetic, or manmade material instead of leather. They made the switch because they wanted every basketball they use to fell and bounce （弹起）the same.
However, some players complained right away that the new balls bounced differently and were actually harder to control than the leather ones. Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban asked for help from the Department of physics at the University of Texas, The scientists investigated friction that affects the ability of a player to hold onto a ball. “The greater the friction, the better it will stick to his hand,” expla ins Horwitz, one of the physicists who worked on the project.
Tests on both wet and dry ball showed that while the plastic ball was easier to grip when dry, it had less friction and became much harder to hold onto when wet. That?s because sweating stays on the surface of the synthetic ball but get absorbed into the leather balls —an important detail for sweaty athletes
In January, the NBA went back to using the traditional leather balls. They aren?t perfect, but for now, that?s just the way the ball bounces.
21．The NBA started using synthetic basketballs instead of leather ones because____.
A ．they wanted every basketball to fell and bounce the same
B ．NBA officials wanted a switch with which to start a reform
C ．they emphasized that synthetic materials are manmade
D ．NBA players had used the leather balls for too long a time 22．How did some NBA players respond to the switch to synthetic balls?
A ．They felt much more comfortable with the synthetic balls .
B ．They thought differently about the leather balls.
C ．They felt that the new balls were worse than the leather ones.
D ．They believed the new balls would soon be replaced ． 23．Which of the following contributes to the better control of the balls?
A ．Greater friction.
B ．More ownership.
C ．Stronger affection.
D ．Fewer investigations.
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24．When is it harder for an NBA player to hold onto a synthetic ball?
A ．When the ball is dried with a towel.
B ．When the ball is wetted by water.
C ．When tests are done on the ball.
D ．When sweating sticks to the ball.
25．In the last paragraph ,”that?s just the way the ball bounces” probably means_____.
A ．tradition offers the best choice
B ．the ball bounces as best it can
C ．the NBA made a mistake
D ．the ball bounces perfectly
2006-16~20．
Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage ：
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has announced plans to return people to the moon by 2018． “And this time,” according to a NASA press release, “we?re going to stay.”
NASA wants to make a new spaceship for the missions using parts from the Apollo program, which first took people to the moon in 1969, and the space shuttle. NASA says the new Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) will be “affordable, reliable, and sa f e.”
The CEV will be able to hold four astronauts. The plan is to have the CEV dock (对接) in space with the lunar lander---the vehicle astronauts will use to land on the moon---which will be launched separately into space. The CEV will then travel to the moon and all four astronauts will walk on the moon.
The first moon missions are expected to last up to seven days. Exploration and construction of a moon base will be the astronauts? top priorities (最优先考虑的事). NASA hopes to have a minimum of two moon missions a year starting in 2018． This will allow for quick moon base construction, constant scientific study, and training for future missions to Mars.
16．What is new in NASA?s plan to return to the moon by 2018?
A ．People will land and remain on the moon.
B ．Equipment will be carried and installed there.
C ．More CEVs will be made regularly.
D ．A special device will be used in landing. 17．How will NASA make its new spaceship?
A ．It will base its design on that of the Apollo program.
B ．It will use parts only from the Apollo program.
C ．It will make use of the Apollo program and the space shuttle.
D ．It will develop new designs and make new components. 18．How will CEV and the moon lander be launched?
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B ．CEV will dock with the moon Lander.
C ．They will be launched together.
D ．The moon Lander will hold four astronauts. 19．What will be the astronauts? top priorities?
A ．Entering the orbit and landing on the moon.
B ．Landing and walking on the moon surface.
C ．Exploration and researches into the moon composition.
D ．Exploration and construction of a moon base.
20．The reason why NASA hopes to carry out at least two moon missions a year starting in 2018 is to ____.
A ．ensure the moon traveling and the moon base construction
B ．speed up the moon base construction and other activities
C ．guarantee the quality of the researchers? scientific study
D ．set up new training laboratories for future missions to Mars
2006-21~25．
Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage ：
At the end of the U.S. Civil War, about 4 million slaves were freed ．Now, people around the world can hear some of the former slaves? stories for the first time ever, as told in their own voices.
“That was in slavery time,” says Charlie Smith in one interview. “They sold the colored people. And they were bringing them from Africa ．They brought me from Africa ．I was a child ．”
The Library of Congress released the collection of recordings, Voices from the Days of Slavery , in January. The recordings were made between 1932 and 1975． Speaking at least 60 years after their emancipation (解放), the storytellers discuss their experiences as slaves. They also tell about their lives as free men and women. Isom Moseley was just a bo y at the time of emancipation, but he recalls that things were slow to change. “It was a year before the folks knowed they was free,” he says.
Michael Taft, the head of the library?s archive of folk culture, says the recordings reveal something that written stories cannot. “The power of hearing someone speak is so much greater than reading something from the page,” Taft says. “It?s how some thing is said---the dialect, the low pitches, the pauses---that helps tell the story.”
21．What is new about the slaves? stories?
A ．They are told in the slaves? own voices.
B ．People travel around the world to hear them.
C ．Colored people were sold ．
D ．They happened in the slavery time. 22．What is the title of the collection of recordings?
A ．The End of the U.S. Civil War.
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B ．The Library of Congress
C ．V oices from the Days of Slavery.
D ．The Recordings of Written Stories.
23．How many years did it take to complete the collection of recordings?
A ．26 years.
B ．33 years
C ．44 years.
D ．57 years. 24．What do the storytellers tell us about?
A ．How they were brought to the United States from Africa.
B ．The release of the collection of recordings.
C ．What happened 60 years after their emancipation.
D ．Their experiences as slaves and their lives as free men and women. 25．The recordings differ from written stories in that ____.
A ．the tellers and the government are contributing together
B ．the dialect, the low pitches, and the pauses are more revealing
C ．the hearing and reading both help tell the stories
D ．the power of watching someone write is more engaging.
2005-11~15．
Questions 11—15 are based on the following passage ：
The first ancient Olympics were held in 776 B ．C ．The games got their name from Olympia, the Greek city where they took place. Like the Summer Olympics of today, the ancient Olympics were held every four years. Thousands of people from all over the Greek world came to watch. The main stadium held about 45,000 people. “We have accounts of visitor and pilgrims setting up tents all around the site.” Lisa Cerrato of Tufts University said ．
During the first Olympics, there was only one competition —a 200-meter race. But over time the games grew to include wrestling, chariot racing, boxing, and other sports. Women were not allowed to compete, but they had their own separate games.
“The ancient athlete s became celebrities(名人), just like today. They often lived the rest of their lives being treated to free dinners.” Cerrato said, “City -states even tried to steal away each other?s athletes by offering them various awards.”
The ancient Olympics existed until A.D ．393． But the modern Olympics are still going strong. 11． W here did the ancient Greeks hold their first Olympics?
A ．In Athens
B ．In Olympia
C ．In a town
D ．In a state
12．How did researchers know that ancient Greeks rushed to watch the Olympics?
A ．Thousands of people came to watch.
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B ．The main stadium is still not big enough.
C ．They have found the related record of events.
D ．Many of them were visitor and pilgrims.
13．What did women do since they were not allowed to participate in the Olympics?
A ．They stayed at home doing nothing.
B ．They organized protests in the city.
C ．They had their own games.
D ．They set up tents around the site.
14．The ancient athletes must have felt honored when they _________ .
A ．completed in a 200-meter race.
B ．wrestled with each other
C ．read the accounts of the games
D ．received the treatment of free dinners
15．It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that __________ .
A ．the ancient athletes liked to celebrate their victories
B ．free dinners were offered during the competition
C ．city-states competed with each other to win the Olympics
D ．awards were often stolen to honor the athletes
2005-21~25．
Questions 21—25 are based on the following passage ：
At the International Snow Sculpture Championships in Colorado on January 27, people will carve the white stuff into art. Planning begins months before the first snow falls. Teams submit applications and sketches of their sculptures in July. Then, a panel of judges choose 14 teams for the championship.
The rules are simple:Electric tools are not allowed.Teams carve snow with everything but the results are not entirely in the sculptors? hands,” I f it is extremely sunny and warm.” DeWall, the competition?s director of public relations, explained, “we will erect old sail s from sail boats into the air to block the sun from melting the sculptures.” If it snows, she continued, teams have to work extra hard to scrape(刮掉) the new snow off their work..
The judges look for creativity, technical skill, and overall impact on the viewer. The winner does not receive any money. “There is no cash prize because the event began with the concept of global camaraderie(情谊).” DeWall explained ．Instead of focusing on money, she continued, “winners revel(纵情) in the friendship, the art, and the hard work.”
21．What does the phrase “white stuff” in the first paragraph refer to ?
A ．Wood
B ．Snow
C ．Ice
D ．Rock
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22．When do people start to plan for the Championships?
A ．After the first snow fall in Colorado.
B ．Once they submit their applications.
C ．Before their sculptures are sketched
D ．As soon as the judges have chosen the teams. 23．The sculptors cannot control the result because ________ .
A ．it is extremely sunny and warm
B ．it shines and/or snows
C ．the sun melts their sculptures
D ．old sails are raised into the air
24．What is the viewer ?s role in the Championships?
A ．Sculptors like to work together with them.
B ．Judges consider their responses in choosing the winner.
C ．Viewers watch and help to protect the sculptures.
D ．The organizers rate their involvement and enthusiasm. 25．The winners enjoy all of the following EXCEPT ________ .
A ．the cash prize
B ．the friendship
C ．the art
D ．the hard work
五、快速解题技巧
一、原则： 二、阅读顺序：
三、锁定正确答案的方法。
六、快速解题技巧的实际应用
（一）题目间逻辑关系紧密的题目
2006-11~15．
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage ：
11．What do the fourth-grade students seem to be doing in the first paragraph?
A ．They are learning how to jump.
B ．They are learning how to crouch.
C ．They are learning how to giggle.
D ．They are learning Chinese.
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12．The purpose of the program for Jessica?s students is to ____.
A ．enable them to learn how to command
B ．get them enrolled in the language program
C ．help them to speak like a Chinese
D ．continue enrolling more students to learn Chinese
13．In response to the fact that ____, more American students are learning Chinese.
A ．the United States is the only superpower in the world
B ．international trading is becoming globalized
C ．partnership is encouraging business and trade
D ．China is emerging as a new superpower in the world
14．Why do more and more young students personally choose to learn Chinese in the United States?
A ．They will have more job opportunities in the future.
B ．They are more interested in the international trade.
C ．They will visit China for further education.
D ．They are curious about the corporate partnership. 15．Isabel Weiss has also chosen to learn Chinese because ____.
A ．she wants a brighter future
B ．she finds it fun to learn the language
C ．she likes to do business in China
D ．she watches people speak the language
Jessica Bucknam shouts “tiao!” (tee -ow) and her fourth-grade students jump.“Dun!” (doo -wen) she commands, and they crouch （蹲）. They giggle （吃吃地笑）as the commands keep coming in Mandarin Chinese.. Half of the 340 students at the K-5 school are enrolled in the program. They can continue studying Chinese in middle and high schools. The goal:to speak like natives.
About 24,000 American students are currently learning Chinese. Most are in high schools. But the number of younger students is growing in response to China?s emergence as a global superpower.
“China has become a strong partner of the United States,” says Mary Patterson, Woodstock?s principal ．“Children who learn Chinese at a young age will have more opportunities for jobs in the future.” Isabel Weiss, 9, isn?t thinking about the future. She thinks learning Chinese is fun. “when you he ar people speaking in Chinese, you know what they?re saying,” she says. “And they don?t know that you know.” 2005-16~20．
Questions 16—20 are based on the following passage ： 16．Mobile are popular among people because _______
A ．they think mobile are fun
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B ．they believe mobile are safe
C ．they love to listen to music
D ．they feel it easier to talk to each other
17．It is stated in the passage that Russia and China _______ .
A ．ordinary telephone service is available everywhere
B ．people prefer mobile phone to ordinary telephones
C ．mobile are used in places withouts ordinary telephone
D ．people use mobiles to send e-mail and access the Internet 18．Parents buy mobile phones for their children because ________ .
A ．mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagers
B ．they can call home if they are in trouble and need help
C ．they can use mobile to play simple computer games
D ．mobile phones enable teenagers to give up smoking 19．Why can mobile phones be a much more serious problem?
A ．Because people hate the businessmen using mobile in public places.
B ．Because the use of mobile phones can be physically harmful.
C ．Because there is strong evidence for the problems of mobiles.
D ．Because people feel their privacy unprotected in a café or restaurant. 20．Which of the following can be the title of this passage?
A ．Why Are Mobiles So Popular?
B ．Mobiles —Useful or Useless
C ．Mobile —A Danger to health?
D ．Why Do We Design Mobile?
Why are mobiles so popular? Because people love to talk to each other. And it is easier with a mobile phone.
In countries like Russia and China, people use mobile phones in places where there is no ordinary telephone. Business people use mobiles when they?re traveling. In some countries, like Japan, many people use their mobile phones to send e-mail messages and access the Internet. They use a new kind of mobile phone call ed “i -mode”. You can even use a mobile phone to listen to music ．
Mobile phones are very fashionable with teenagers. Parents buy mobile phones for their children. They can call home if they are in trouble and need help. So they feel safer. But teenagers mostly use them to keep in touch with their friends or play simpl e computer games. It?s cool to be the owner of a small expensive mobile. Research shows that teenage owners of mobile phone smoke less. Parents and schools are happy that teenagers are safer and smoke less.
But many people dislike them. They hate it when the businessman opposite them on the train has a loud conversation on his phone. Or when mobile phones ring in a café or restaurant. But there is a much more serious
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problem. It?s possible that mobile phone can heat up the brain because we hold the phone so close to our head ．Scientists fear that mobiles can perhaps be bad for your memory and even give you cancer. 2008-16~20．
Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage: 16. The author uses Jane Fonda as example to show that ___ A. women can be successful as well
B. beautiful actresses are likely to be successful
C. successful people are not satisfied with their achievements
D. real successful people need to stand out in more than one field 17. The motivation for people ?s desire to succeed is ___ A. praise from others B. material wealth C. a sense of importance D. a sense of achievement 18. The word “dimensions” in the last paragraph possibly means ___ A. directions B. aspects C. lessons D. ambitions
19. what is the author ?s attitude towards people ?s desire for success? A. Approving B. Disapproving C. Unclear D. Critical 20. What might be a proper title for this passage? A. Success is no destination B. Success comes the hard way C. a small success also counts D. everyone can be successful
Do people stop once they have achieved something? No! in life, we are always trying to do things better or having more of the same success.
Jane Fonda moved form being an Academy Award actress to a successful businesswoman. Her aerobics (有氧体操) workout videos have been sold around the world.
Athletes are constantly making greater and greater efforts to lower time for races ；increase heights or distances.
The world of medicine has had its series of successes too. Christian Barnard performed several successful heart transplants. Other medical experts have achieved organ transplants. Throughout the ages, mankind has found transient and cures for tuberculosis (肺结核), cancer, and other diseases. A cure of AIDS might soon be discovered.
Age does not seem to slow down achievers. Tina Turner at 54 is still singing with great energy and attracting sell-out crowds wherever she goes.
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At work, we go all out for achievements too. Success may mean organizing a conference more effectively and efficiently each year. Sometimes, it is not a pat on the back or the promotion that makes it worthwhile. Often, it is the inner thrill and satisfaction of achievement, no matter how small it may be.
Aiming for success does not mean you are greedy or dissatisfied. It is all part of gaining new experiences an dimensions in life. It finally makes you a more interesting and useful person in society. 2008-21~25．
Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:
21. The word "drawbacks" in the first paragragh probably means ________. A. benefits B. interest C. effects D. problems 22. The International Dark-Sky Association is an organization that ______. A. Strongly opposes outdoor lighting service B. has lost some money in energy trade C. has profited from the lighting business D. makes effects to reduce light pollution
23. On March 29 this year, people in many cities around the world _______. A. turned out some light for an hour B. organized an event to have some fun C. held a demonstration called "Earth Hour" D. joined together to compete with Australians 24. Scientists counted the number of stars __________. A. to illustrate the impact of light pollution B. to compare air quality in different areas C. to see how the sky has changed with time D. to arouse public interest in space 25. People who work at night _______. A. lose the chance to gaze stars B. have a higher risk of health problem C. have less exposure to white light D. are to blame for light pollution
The night is not what it was. Once, the Earth was cast half in shadow. Then came fire, candle, and light bulb, gradually drawing back the curtain of darkness. But a brighter world has its drawbacks.
An estimated 30 percent of outdoor lighting ----- plus even some indoor lighting -----is wasted. Inefficient lighting costs U. S. about $10.4billion a year, according to Bob Gent of the International Dark-Sky Association, a nonprofit that aims to control light pollution.
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Last year in Sydney, an estimated 3.2 million Australians switched off their lights during “Earth Hour ”, briefly reducing that city ＇s energy use by more than 10 percent. Motivated by such trends, more than two dozen cities worldwide went dim on March 29 this year in an hour-long demonstration.
A number of groups are trying to measure light pollution and assess its effects on the environment in the hope that people will reduce their own contribution to the problem. Scientists are trying to report how many stars we can see. In dark rural area s, about 2,000 stars are typically visible at night, compared with “maybe five” in a bright city square --- and about 5,000 in centuries past.
People who are working while others are star-gazing may face the greatest risks. Nighttime exposure to white light can cause the growth of tumors(肿瘤), experiments show. Two decades of research indicate that women who work night shifts have usually high rates of breast cancer.
（二）广告、表格类题目
2005-26~30．
Questions 26~30 are based on the following from New York Times’ el ectronic Classified Ads ： JOB INFORMATION Job Title ：
Banking
Employer ： Confidential
Source ： NY Times Classified Ads Location ：
New York, NY
Date ： 09-16-2005 JOB DESCRIPTION
Description ： BANKING OPENING NEW BRANCHES
We are a growing domestic bank who seek exp?d staff for our new branches. Branch managers 2+ yrs exp in Br Mgmt, knwlg in all bkg products and regs, excellent Mgmt skills a must, sales and mktg skills. Tellers (F/T, P/T) Banking experience preferred ． Customer Serv Reps (F/T, P/T) Banking background a must. Qualified candidates should e-mail resume to hr@https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee755081.html, or fax to 212-329-3745． Doral Bank is an EOE. For more details visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee755081.html,
26．Which of the following is NOT shown above?
A ．Job title
B ．Annual payment
C ．Ad source
D ．Job description 27．Based on what you read, the ad is intended for the __________ .
A ．recruitment
B ．product promotion
C ．banking service
D ．banking reform 28．New staff are needed because of _______ .
A ．the opening of the new branches
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B ．the updating of the banking service
C ．the retirement of the experienced staff
D ．the lack of excellent management
29．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the ad?
A ．Branch managers
B ．Tellers
C ．Customer Service Reps
D ．Sales managers 30．Qualified candidates are expected to _________ .
A ．e-mail their resumes to hr@https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee755081.html,
B ．visit Doral Bank in New York in person
C ．call 212-329-3745 for more information
D ．visit https://www.doczj.com/doc/ee755081.html, for a interview
2006-26~30
Questions 26-30 are based on the following announcement ：
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26．In order to be chosen, applicants must send in ____ before Nov. 30, 2006．
A ．their papers and application forms
B ．their papers and degree certificates
C ．their application forms and diplomas
D ．their applications and registrations
27．The number 92354 is the ____ of Loma Linda University SD ．
A ．fax code
B ． phone number
C ．zip code
D ． street number
28．The qualifications for the application for the award include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
A ．hospital interns, resident or clinical fellows
B ．undergraduates, masters or Health Science degree candidates
C ．doctorial degree candidates or equivalents
D ．Ph. D supervisors or former student award winners 29．Journal of Biomedical Materials Research will publish ____.
A ．the abstract of the paper of the applicant chosen
B ．the presented paper of the applicant chosen
C ．the abstract and paper of the applicant selected
D ．the application form and paper of the applicant
30．It can be inferred that the criterion/criteria for the selection of qualified candidates is/are ____.
A ．the qualifications of the applicants
B ．the quality of the applicants? papers
C ．the number of the papers presented
D ．the abstract of the papers submitted
清 华 在 线
2007-26~30．
26．The above listing is most probably .
A . an advertisement placed by an airline company
B ．a notice placed by an international air committee
C ．an information board provided by a travel agency
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D ．a ticketing message provided by a hotline company
27．Which of the following airline provides the lowest price to Hong Kong?
A ．Atlantic Airline
B ．Cathay Pacific Airline
C ．China Eastern Airline.
D ．Air New Zealand
28．If you decide to take a flight to Hanoi, you might have to pay altogether for the flight.
A . ￡335
B ．￡670
C ．￡395
D ．￡430
29．Which of the following choices can help you fly to Beijing at the lowest cost?
A . 20Aug 07-31 Dec 07 with Lufthansa
B ．20Aug 07-31 Aug 07 with China Eastern
C ．20Aug 07-13 Nov 07 with Singapore Airline.
D ．24 mar 07-31 Mar 07 with Austrian Airline. 30．You can call 0207 484 8925 for more information about
A . Taxes and charges
B ．tickets on other dates
C ．travel agencies
D ．specially designed group tours.
2008-26~30．
Questions 26-30 are based on the following advertisement:
敬畏生命 那是一个夏天的长得不能再长的下午，在印第安纳州的一个湖边。我起先是不经意的坐着看书，忽然发现湖边有几棵树正在飘散一些白色的纤维，大团大团的，像棉花似的，有些飘到草地上，有些飘入湖水里。【甲】可是，渐渐地，【乙】好几个小时过去了，那些树仍旧浑然不觉地，在飘送那些小型的云朵，倒好像是一座无限的云库似的。整个下午，整个晚上，漫天都是那种东西。第二天情形完全一样，【丙】其实，小学的时候就知道有一类种子是靠风力吹动纤维播送的。但也只是知道一道测验题的答案而已。那几天，真的看到了，【丁】我几乎第一次遇见生命——虽然是植物的。【敬畏生命阅读答案】敬畏生命阅读答案。 我感到那云状的种子在我心底 a （A．猛烈、B．强烈、C．剧烈、D．热烈）地碰撞上什么东西，我不能不被生命豪华的、奢侈的、不计成本的投资所感动。也许在不分昼夜的飘散之余，只有一颗种子足以成树，但造物者乐于做这样 b （A．得不偿失、B．事半功倍、C．惊心动魄、D．骇人听闻）的壮举。 1．根据上下文意，在a、b两处选择最适合的一个词语，分别填在下面的横线上。 （1）________ （2）________ 2．下面的四句是从文中抽出来的。它们体现了作者的情感变化。把序号填在相应的空白处。 A．我发现情况简直令人吃惊。【敬畏生命阅读答案】文章敬畏生命阅读答案出自B．我当时没有十分注意，只当是偶尔风起 C．满心所感到的是一种折服。 D．我感到诧异和震惊。 甲________，乙________，丙________，丁________。 3．结合上下文，揣摩文中加粗的时间短语在文中所起的作用。 4．文中的“白色纤维”是指什么？文中的画曲线句子对“白色纤维”的描写的用意是什么？ 5．如何理解文章中“我几乎第一次遇见生命”这句话？
《英语报刊阅读》课程教学大纲 课程编码：30614003 学分：2 总学时：36 说明 【课程性质】 英语报刊阅读是全日制英语专业本科高年级阶段的一门专业任意选修课，开设时间为第五学期。 【教学目的】 1. 通过为学生提供一定数量的英美报刊阅读，使学生了解国际重大时事，获得最新信息，增加国际知识，提高独立阅读的能力。 2.通过课堂讲授，使学生了解世界主流英文报刊，了解英文报刊阅读常识，提高对信息分析、判断的能力。 3．通过课堂讲授与课后练习，提高学生阅读报刊文章并进行摘要写作的能力。 【教学任务】 此课程教学旨在使学生大致了解英美等英语国家报刊的基本特点，初步掌握阅读英语报刊的技能，学会运用各种工具书和各方面的知识，了解英语报刊的内容和实质，进而在提高学生语言能力的同时提高综合能力和知识水平。 【教学内容】 英语报刊阅读主要包括英语国家报刊简介、英语报刊中的术语、新闻的写作等报刊知识以及报刊文章选读，所选的文章主要来源于国内的21st Century 、China Daily 以及美国《读者文摘》、《今日美国》、《时代周刊》及《新闻周刊》等报刊以及部分互联网文章。选材注重思想性和代表性及学生的实际英语水平。 【教学原则和方法】 教学原则：在《英美报刊阅读》课程当中，强调学生思维能力的培养，我们要有意识地思维能力的培养有机地融合在英语专业技能、英语专业知识和相关知识课程的教学中。要努力为学生创造发表个人见解的机会，对不同的意见和看法要采取鼓励和宽容的态度。 教学方法：以讲授为主，辅以学生查阅相关资料，探究式学习。 【先修课程要求】 可以在第一、二、三、四学期开设了基础英语，以及第二，三学期的英语阅读课的基础上开设此课程。
经典阅读《红岩》测试题（1） 班级姓名成绩 一、选择题（每小题2分，共44分） 1．江姐要去（ B ）根据地。 A 歌乐山 B 华蓥山 C 尖峰山 D 樵坪山 2．由于《新华日报》被封，（A ）就此诞生。 A《挺进报》 B《光明日报》 C《大公报》 D《中央日报》 3.在白公馆，（C ）被注射了“诚实注射剂”。 A许云峰 B 江姐 C 成岗 D 刘思杨 4．由于终年住在阴湿的牢房里，吃的是发霉的米饭。小振中长到八九岁时，个头却只有四五岁孩子那么高。成了一个大头细身、面黄肌瘦的孩子。难友们都疼爱地叫他（ D ） A小傻瓜 B小萝卜干 C小愣头青 D小萝卜头 5．（ C ）叛变了。 A余新江 B华子良 C甫志高 D刘思扬 6．江姐在城门口遇见（ B ）泪流满面。 A双枪老太婆 B丈夫牺牲 7．《红岩》中最后幸存的共产党员是（ C ）。 A刘思洋 B齐晓轩 C华子良 D成岗 8．( D )是资产阶级出身的三少爷。 A余新江 B华子良 C丁长发 D刘思扬 9．红岩中的同志们在狱中为（ C ）举行了追悼会？ A余新江 B华子良 C龙光华 D许云峰 10．小说中令敌人闻风丧胆的游击队司令员是（ A ）。 A双枪老太婆 B蓝胡子 C老石同志 11.下列不属于《红岩》中的事件的一项是（ C ）。 A秘密编印《挺进报》 B“慈居”审讯，赴宴拆敌 C“温酒斩华雄” D“提前分批密载”屠杀计划 12.不属于《红岩》中的英雄人物的选项是（ A ）。 A郑克昌 B余新江 C李敬原 D彭松涛 13.成瑶做曙光日报时化名为（ A）。
A陈静 B刘洋 C孙红霞 14．叶挺被关进重庆“中美合作所”后，动笔在囚室的墙壁上写下了著名的（ A ）。 A《囚歌》 B《国歌》 C《革命者歌》 D《正气歌》 15．叛徒浦志高是被哪位革命者除掉的？（ C ） A陈松林 B刘思洋 C华为 D余新江 16.《红岩》后来被拍成了（ B ）电影。 A《地道战》 B《烈火中永生》 C《小兵张嘎》 17.（A ）印刷《挺进报》，（ D ）刻模写字板。 A成岗 B陈瑶 C余新江 D江姐 18.小萝卜头的老师是（B ）。 A宋绮云 B黄以声 C杨虎城 19.龙光华是因为（ B ）而死。 A唱战斗歌 B给缺水牢房送水 20.把江姐抓走的人是（ A ）。 A甫志高 B徐鹏飞 C刘思杨 21．江姐被捕后被押送到了（ B）。 A 南京 B重庆 C淮河 22.江姐第一次在整本书出现是在（ B ）。 A遭受酷刑时 B去华为家时 C被捕时 23.书中特务头子毛人凤的心腹是（ C ）。 A戴笠 B、蔡纪纲 C 徐鹏飞 二、填空题（每空2分，共38分）。 1．（罗广斌）、（杨益言）都是重庆中美合作所集中营的幸存者，他们亲身经历了黎明前血与火的考验，目睹了许多革命为革命牺牲的壮烈场面，1957年写出了革命回忆录（《烈火中永生》）。 2．国民党反动派囚禁屠杀共产党员和进步人士的中美合作所集中营，主要包括两个地方：一个是（白公馆），由军阀白驹的别墅改造而成，另一个是（渣滓洞），由煤少渣多的小煤窑改造而成。 3．（许云峰）曾在地牢里创造了一个奇迹：把地牢挖穿了。 4．1948年，为配合工人运动，重庆地下党工运书记（许云峰）指派（甫志高）建立沙坪书店作为地下党的备用联络站。但是（甫志高）为了表现自己，不顾联络站的保密性质，擅自扩大书店规模，销售进步书刊，自作主张吸收一名叫（郑克昌）的青年进入书店工作。后背叛革命，由于他的告密，很多同志相继被捕。
“英语阅读”课程教学大纲 英文名称：Extensive Reading 课程编号：71120205～71120208 学时数：192 学分数：12 适用专业：外国语学院英语语言文学专业一、二年级学生 一、课程的性质、目的和任务 “英语泛读”是供高等学校英语专业一、二年级使用的基础课程，泛读课的特征体现在“泛”与“读”两个方面，就“泛”而言，泛读课所选的语言材料的内容呈百科知识性，包括社会生活各个方面；同时语言材料的文体呈多样性，既有文学作品，又有记叙文、说明文、议论文、新闻、广告等语言风格不同的各类文章；就“读”而言，泛读课的重要任务是指导学生掌握各种阅读方法，从而提高理解的准确性，加快阅读速度。 “英语泛读”课的目的在于培养学生的英语阅读能力和提高学生的阅读速度；培养学生细致观察语言的能力以及假设判断、分析归纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能力；提高学生的阅读技能，包括略读、寻读、细读、评读等能力；并通过阅读训练帮助学生扩大词汇量，增强语感，不断积累各种语言知识，加深文化沉淀。 二、课程教学内容的基本要求、重点和难点 本课程的重要任务是指导学生掌握各种阅读方法，从而提高理解的准确性，加快阅读速度，帮助生活在信息爆炸时代的学生学会通过阅读，快速、准确地获取并处理信息。因此，培养阅读习惯、加快阅读速度、提高理解的准确性，在阅读课程教学中同等重要。 教学要求：Section A 要求在课堂上处理，学生不要预习。 Section B供课外阅读，课堂上进行检查。 Section C 主要用于快速阅读训练，要求严格在规定时间内完成。 课堂教学主要是通过学生按要求在不预习前提下完成Section A（20---25分钟）来培养良好阅读习惯；通过对Section A中词汇练习及阅读思考题的讲解，教授有关阅读方法。如：根据上下文判断生词的词义，熟悉英语句子结构，了解内容题材与中心思想的区别；把握文本中心思想；阅读速度和逻辑推导；对文本的批评鉴赏能力等。 课外要求学生熟练领会教材出现过的词汇，掌握所学阅读方法，并能在实际阅读过程中自觉熟练运用。课外通过大量阅读（建议至少课内阅读量的5---10倍以上），巩固所学阅读方法，扩大词汇量，提高阅读能力。 第一册 本册目的与要求: 第一册首先指导学生根据上下文判断生词的词义，熟悉英语句子结构，了解内容题材与中心思想的区别。 Section 1:Unit1—Unit 4 重点和难点: Context Clue to Word Meaning I (以讲解为主，附以阅读练习) 内容: 1. Unit 1 University Student Life：Text On being a Student 2. Unit 2 Culture Shock：Text Making a Culture Change 3. Unit 3 Movies：Text How Do the Movies Do It 4. Unit 4 Food：Text A Food Tour of the United States
精品文档 阅读提要 《红岩》是一部革命体小说。作者是：罗广斌、杨益言。这部名著是以描写重庆解放前夕残酷的地下斗争，特别是狱中斗争为主要内容的长篇小说。它的基本情节以“中美合作所”集中营（包括渣滓洞和白公馆）内的敌我斗争为中心，交错地展开了我地下党领导的城市的地下斗争、学生运动、工人运动、狱中斗争以及华蓥山区的武装斗争。小说以大量的篇幅描写了革命者的狱中斗争，除了《狱中联欢》所写的新年联欢活动外，还写了狱中绝食斗争的胜利，为龙光华烈士举行追悼会，写了江姐的从容就义，许云峰在地牢里同徐鹏飞的最后一次交锋，以及最后的武装越狱斗争等。歌颂了革命者在酷刑考验下的坚贞节操，塑造了许云峰、江姐、成岗、刘思扬、余新江等众多可歌可泣，令人难忘的革命英雄形象，深刻展示了革命者的崇高精神境界和思想光辉。 阅读安排 作者罗广斌、杨益言都是重庆中美合作所集中营的幸存者，他们亲身经历了黎明前血与火的考验，目睹了许多革命烈士坚韧不拔的英勇斗争和壮烈牺牲的场面。随后，创作了长篇红色经典小说《红岩》。老师建议你利用一周时间仔细读一读。全书共三十章，你可以做好安排。每天阅读5 章左右。你可以到附件的书店购买，也可以上网查找阅读。 故事情节 1948年，在国民党的统治下处在黎明前最黑暗的时刻。为了配合工人运动，重庆地下党工运书记许云峰命甫志高建立沙坪书店，作为地下党的备用联络站。甫志高为了表现自己，不顾联络站的保密性质，擅自扩大书店规模，销售进步书刊。 一天，区委书记江姐要去华蓥山根据地，甫志高到码头为江姐送行，江姐嘱咐他要注意隐蔽，他嘴上答应，心里却不以为然。江姐到离根据地不远的一座县城时，发现自己的丈夫、华蓥山纵队政委彭松涛的人头被高挂城头。见到纵队司令员“双枪老太婆”后，她强忍悲痛，坚决要求到丈夫生前战斗的地方工作。 甫志高又自作主张吸收一名叫郑克昌的青年入店工作，许云峰知道情况后大吃一惊，几经分析发现郑克昌形迹可疑，便让甫志高通知所有人员迅速转移。甫志高却根本不听劝告，反认为许云峰嫉妒自己的工作成绩，结果被捕并成了可耻的叛徒。由于他的告密，许云峰、成岗、余新江和刘思扬等人很快相继被捕。特务头子徐鹏飞得意忘形，妄图借此将重庆地下党一网打尽。然而，他使尽各种伎俩，都没能从许云峰等人身上得到任何所需的东西。凶残的敌人为了得到口供，疯狂地折磨政治犯。他们给犯人食用霉烂的食物，而且在炎热的夏天限制饮水数量，妄图用炎热、蚊虫、饥饿和干渴动摇革命者的意志。为了粉碎敌人的阴谋，狱中难友趁放风时在墙角挖出一眼泉水，在保护泉水的斗争中，龙光华英勇牺牲，全狱难友绝食抗议敌人的暴行，敌人不得不妥协让步。 叛徒甫志高带领特务窜到乡下，江姐不幸被捕，关押在渣滓洞里。在狱中，她受尽了折磨，凶残的敌人把竹签钉进了她的十指。面对毒刑，她傲然宣告：“毒刑拷打是太小的考验，竹签子是竹做的，共产党员的意志是钢铁铸成的！”秋去冬来，转眼到了年底。全国革命形势一片大好，国民党当局在受到沉重打击后开始放出和谈空气。阴历年三十，渣滓洞全体难友举行了一个别开生面的联欢会。更令人高兴的是，地下党派人与他们取得了联系。敌人为了表示和谈的“诚意”，假意释放了一些政治犯，来自资本家家庭的共产党员刘思扬是其中之一。在他被送回刘公馆的第二天夜里，一个自称姓朱的人潜入刘家，说他受区委书记李敬原的委派，前来了解刘思扬在狱中的表现，并要他详细汇报狱中地下党的情况。正当刘思扬 对此人怀疑时，李敬原派人送来情报，揭穿了这个伪装特务郑克昌的真面目。刘思扬来不及转
《红岩》阅读训练题 一、“这个少女已经不再是咿咿呀呀的乳雏，她已成长为一只练羽的海燕，只待一声春雷，就要冲向暴风雨！”说的是谁？ 二、成岗和组织失去联系后，谁找到了他？ 三、《挺进报》是在什么背景下出版的，主要有哪些同志负责？ 四、华为充满自信和乐观地给江姐讲述着他的心愿，他的心愿是什么？ 五、江姐的丈夫彭政委是怎么牺牲的？ 六、李敬原向成岗提出的改进铁笔的方法是什么？ 七、许云峰批评了甫志高的哪些错误行为？ 八、许云峰怎么判断出郑克昌是敌人？ 九、敌人抓捕成岗时，他是怎样智救其他同志的？ 十、“高唱凯歌埋葬蒋家王朝……”这是谁写的“自白书”中的话？ 十一、许云峰是个机智、勇敢的共产党人，请各举两例。 十二、“我应该在烈火与热血中得到永生！”这是谁在狱中写下的诗句？ 十三、龙光华是怎么牺牲的？ 十四、“指导员……给我……一支枪！”是谁临牺牲时说的话？ 十五、战友们从龙光华的遗物中发现了哪些东西？ 十六、难友们用什么方法迫使敌人为龙光华举行追悼会？ 十七、江姐被刑讯逼供受伤，难友们是用什么给她止血的？ 十八、谁给难友们讲了江姐的悲惨经历？
十九、“竹签子是竹做的，共产党员的意志是钢铁！”这是谁的话？（ 二十、丁长发给难友们报告的三条重要消息是什么？ 二十一、难友们准备送给许云峰、江姐他们的最有意义的礼物是什么? 二十二、元旦那天，难友们是怎样联欢的？ 二十三、许云峰说的“两次检阅”是什么？ 二十四、“监狱之花”这个名字是怎么来的？ 二十五、“狱里相逢倍相亲，共话雄图叹未成。临别无言惟翘首，联军已薄沈 阳城。”中的“共话雄图”指的是什么？ 二十六、郑克昌的阴险表现在哪些方面？ 二十七、黄以声将军每天要教一个孩子读书，这个孩子叫什么？ 二十八、敌人审讯成岗时除了严刑拷打、威逼利诱，还有哪些手段？ 二十九、“啊——你是？”“就是我。‘致以革命的敬礼！’”“啊！‘紧紧 地握住你的手！’”这是谁和谁的对话？ 三十、与“楼下就要成岗坚持用仿宋字来写，并且只用变色铅笔，不能更改。”相呼应的情节是什么？ 三十一、小萝卜头为什么没有关上火柴盒？ 三十二、小萝卜头要走了，成岗要小萝卜头回来画一张画，这张画的名字叫什么？ 三十三、为什么胡浩在白公馆里可以阅读《中国史纲》呢？ 三十四、胡浩交给成岗一件什么重要的东西？ 三十五、请简述渣滓洞中珍贵的“五星红旗”的来历。 三十六、在白公馆中，成岗是如何向难友们传递《挺进报》的？
第四单元第八课第二框敬畏生命 自主学习主干梳理 1．为什么要对生命产生敬畏心? (1)当人的生命遭遇不可抗拒的自然灾害、人为的灾难、不可预知的结束……我们会感受到生命是、 艰难的。 (2)当人们万众一心，为挽救生命而努力，为守护生命丽拼搏，为悼念生命而默哀……我们又会体味 到生命是、有力量的，生命是崇高的、神圣的。我们对生命要有一种的情怀。 (3)当我们对生命怀有敬畏之心时，我们就会它。 2．怎样理解生命至上? (1)我们的生命都是宝贵的，每个人的生命都比金钱、权势等更重要。在这些外在的东西面前，高于 一切。 (2)生命至上，并不意味着只看到自己生命的重要性，我们也必须承认的生命同样重要。 (3)“仁者爱人”“”，具备这样的情怀，理解这样的道理，才会让我们自觉地珍爱他人的生命，如同珍 爱自己的生命一样。 3．怎样做到休戚与共? (1)敬畏生命，让我们从对自己生命的珍惜走向对他人生命的，使我们意识到每个人都需要与他人。 (2)我们只有不漠视自己的生命，也不漠视他人的生命，谨慎地对待生命关系、处理生命问题，才会、、 和身边的每一个人。 (3)我们对生命的敬畏是内心的。我们对待他人生命的态度，表达着我们如何看待自己的生命。当我 们能够与周围的生命休戚与共时，我们就走向了。 合作探究热点剖析 1．生命至上 【关键词】跪着手术最美姿势 2016年3月5日，一张“淮安洪泽医生跪着手术”的照片感动无数网友，被称为“最美姿势”。照片中
的主人公是江苏省淮安市洪泽县人民医院脑外科医生赵光元。3月3日下班后，他开始巡视病房，这时急诊来了位脑溢血患者急需手术。为了便于彻底清除患者脑部的血肿，医生要选择合适的姿势。而赵光元患有强直性脊柱炎，手术时间长了，只能选择跪在地上为患者手术。4个多小时的手术时间，赵光元 跪了近两个小时。 (1)为什么赵医生做手术的姿势被称为“最美姿势”? (2)他的行为给你什么启发? 2．休戚与共 【关键词】特蕾莎修女慈善工作者 特蕾莎修女是世界著名的天主教慈善工作者，因其一生致力于解除贫困，获得诺贝尔和平奖。这位貌不惊人的修女，让无数被世俗社会抛弃的人，在生命的最后几个小时里，获得尊严的补偿。她曾把一个濒临死亡的老人带回救护所，老人躺在床上，紧紧地握住修女的手，说：“我生活得像条狗，如今我死得像个人，谢谢你!”“用伟大的爱做小小的事”，特蕾莎修女一生践行的这个准则，不仅使她自己获得内心的宁静与满足，也试图唤醒全世界的良知。 (1)特蕾莎修女对贫苦人的爱体现了她什么样的生命观?结合特蕾莎修女的言行谈谈你对这种生命观的理解。 (2)你如果在街上见到那些无家可归的乞讨者，会怎么做?
《英语修辞学》课程教学大纲 一、教师或教学团队信息 教师姓名职称办公室电话电子信箱徐桦副教授 本教师教授过的本科课程有：综合英语、英语泛读、英语视听说、英语写作、商务英语写作、英语语言风格、英语修辞学、英语词汇学等。所教授的英语写作获得2014年度学院“精彩课堂”奖；所教授的英语写作、英语词汇学、英语修辞学等课程获得学生评教高分。 本教师主要研究方向为英语课程论和英语写作教学。参加编写过多种英语词典、英语专业课本、和英语教辅书籍，其中参与编写的《英语语言学与教学丛书·写作教程系列》获2008年度上海师范大学教学成果三等奖。撰写和发表重要专业论文十余篇。担任2006-2008年度上海师范大学精品课程建设项目“中级英语写作”项目以及2009-2011年度上海市教委重点课程“英语写作基础”系列课程项目负责人。 二、课程基本信息 课程名称（中文）：英语修辞学 课程名称（英文）：English Rhetoric 课程类别：□通识必修课□通识选修课□专业必修课专业方向课 □专业拓展课□实践性环节 课程性质*：学术知识性方法技能性□研究探索性□实践体验性 课程代码： 周学时：2总学时：32 *2 学分: 4 先修课程：英语写作，英语语法 授课对象：英语（师范）专业本科三年级（5+6学期） 三、课程简介 本课程作为一门选修课程，向具备英语写作基础的学生介绍现代英语修辞学的研究内容、方法和主要修辞手段的运用；教学内容涉及词法、句法和段篇的修
辞特色、组织安排及表达手段。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达特点和规律，辨别英汉修辞技巧的异同，能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物，提高欣赏水平和语言修养，并恰当地使用修辞手段，提高语言交际效果。 本课程对于高年级的英语语言文学专业的学生是不可或缺的学习领域及环节，它集理论性和实践性为一身，具备较高的实用价值，对于提升学生的专业水平具有重要帮助。 四、课程目标 英语修辞学的教学内容涉及词法、句法和段篇的修辞特色、组织安排及表达手段；通过修辞中的美学和非美学两套标准，系统传授英语修辞学的相关理论及实践技巧。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达特点和规律，辨别英汉文化及修辞技巧的异同，能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物，提高欣赏水平和语言修养，并恰当地使用修辞手段，提高笔头及口头的语言表达效果。总之，本课程旨在培养学生针对不同目的、场景、对象，使用相应风格的英语交际能力，以及一定的研究英语语言有效表达的学术素养。 五、教学内容与进度安排*（满足对应课程标准的第2条） 本课程内容分三个大方面，第一方面为现代修辞学的研究对象、内容和方法，英语修辞活动的层次；第二方面为不同句法的修辞特色，短篇组织安排，文章写作和修改；第三方面为一些专题研究内容以及常用修辞格。
《大学英语》课程教学大纲 COLLEGE ENGLISH 执笔者：吴勇 审核人：易强 编写日期：2017年10月 二、课程简述 《大学英语》课程是我校非英语专业本科基础阶段的公共基础课，旨在提高学生的英语综合能力和素质，安排在第一、二学年的四个学期开设。根据我校实际情况，《大学英语》课程实行分级教学，第一学期修读《大学英语1》，第二学期修读《大学英语2》，第三学期修读《大学英语（跨文化交际英语）》，第四学期修读《大学英语（学术英语）》。大学英语课程每学期48学时，3学分，两学期合计96学时，6学分，四学期合计192学时，12学分。本课程根据教育部制订的《大学英语教学指南》（2014）及我校人才培养定位实
际情况确定其教学内容和制订其教学大纲。 本课程的教学对象是我校非英语专业的本科生，入学时他们应已掌握基本的英语语音、词汇及语法知识，书面和口语表达具备一定的语篇组织及跨文化交际能力，接近或达到《高中英语课程标准》8级水平，少数学生超过8级以上水平。 三、课程的性质、目的和任务 《大学英语》课程是高等教育的有机组成部分，是大学生必修的一门基础课程，兼有工具性和人文性双重性质。所谓工具性，就是要在高中英语教学的基础上进一步提高学生通用英语技能（听、说、读、写、译）及专门用途英语能力（学习学术英语或职业英语，获得在学术或职业领域进行交流的相关能力）。就人文性而言，就是进行跨文化教育，了解国外的社会与文化，增进对不同文化的理解、对中外文化异同的意识，培养跨文化交际能力，提高个人综合素质和全面发展。 《大学英语》课程以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容，以外语教学理论为指导，并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的课程体系。本课程教学旨在提高学生英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，强调教学过程必须满足学生学习的自主性和个性化。为此，在分级教学、分类指导的教学原则指导下，通过第一课堂、第二课堂、多媒体网络和外语自主学习相结合，使学生根据自己英语水平、语言能力和个人发展需要，利用多媒体网络课件和参加自己感兴趣的第二课堂教学活动等来提高语言应用能力。在广泛利用现代教育技术的同时，注意传统教学方法与现代教学手段的有机结合，
《英语阅读》课程教学大纲 课程编号：1002004 课程名称：英语阅读 大纲执笔人：郭淑丽贾存爱 大纲审核人：陶伟 一、课程简介 《英语阅读教程》是为英语专业一、二年级的学生开设的的一门必修基础课程，同时也是使学生大量接触英语读物和培养阅读能力的一门实践基础课。英语阅读课的目的在于培养学生的英语阅读理解能力和提高学生的阅读速度；培养学生细致观察语言的能力以及假设判断、分析归纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能力；提高学生的阅读技能，培养学生的阅读兴趣；同时在课堂教学中，加强学生思维能力和创新能力的培养；有意识地训练学生分析与综合、抽象与概括、多角度分析问题等多种思维能力以及发现问题、解决难题等创新能力；正确处理语言技能训练与创新能力培养的关系；并注重培养学生对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性，注重培养跨文化交际能力。 二、教学目的及要求 英语阅读课的目的在于培养学生的英语阅读能力和提高学生的阅读速度；培养学生细致观察语言的能力以及假设判断、分析归纳、推理检验等逻辑思维能力；提高学生的阅读技能，包括略读、寻读、细读、评读等能力；并通过阅读训练帮助学生扩大词汇量、吸收语言和文化背景知识，以此来拓宽学生的知识面，增强学生的英语语感和培养学生的阅读兴趣，进而加强对文章内涵的深层理解；最终达到自如地阅读日常生活中常见的英语篇章的目的。 教学要求：阅读教学要实施以学生为主体的现代教学理念，教师要对教材进行深入剖析、挖掘主题，通过提问激发学生思考，以检测学生的阅读理解程度。阅读教学要遵循以下原则： 1. 要以学生为中心，培养学生自主阅读能力，帮助学生学会通过阅读，快速、准确地获取并处理信息。 2. 教师应对所讲述的文章做概括的论述，加深学生对文章的理解，使学生学会总结文章的中心思想，了解作者的写作意图。 3. 每课结束后给学生留篇幅相当的课后学习任务，要求学生的正确理解率不低于70%。 阅读课教学应注重阅读理解能力与提高阅读速度并重。经过学习，学生应该达到下列要求：1）能读懂英语国家出版的中等难度的新闻电迅、特写、传记、科普文章和文学原著，
红岩阅读测试题及答案 一、填空题 1、《红岩》的作者是罗广斌、杨益言。 2、狱中斗争是小说的主要部分，围绕_江姐、许云峰两位人物的斗争活动展开，真实地表现了共产党人英勇无畏的精神，揭露了敌人的残暴。 3、在《红岩》这部小说里，有一位传奇式人物，令敌人闻风丧胆、恐慌不安。她就是被战士们亲切称为“双枪老太婆”的华蓥山游击队司令员。 4、华子良是《红岩》中隐藏最深的共产党员，他忍辱负重，装疯卖傻，利用特务对他放弃戒备，经常叫他出去挑菜的机会，将狱中的情报送出去。最后越狱 带领解放军前来营救狱中的同志。 5、刘思洋是出身于豪门大户的中共党员，在党组织的教育下彻底地背叛了家庭，都成为放弃享受，甘愿吃苦，为人民大众谋幸福。 6、“自白书”是陈然写的。 7、五星红旗是江姐绣的。 8、甫志高是叛徒，被他出卖的第一个人是许云峰。 9、中共重庆市委委员许云峰联络地下党员，决定出版一种群众性的宣传刊物，取名《挺进报》。与此同时，他还领导了一个备用联络站——“沙坪书店”。10、在渣滓洞中，龙光华死后开了追悼会。重庆现在的特务头子是毛人凤。
二、选择题 1、下列时间不属于《红岩》中的事件的一项是（C ）。 A秘密编印《挺进报》 B“慈居”审讯，赴宴拆敌 C“温酒斩华雄” D“提前分批密载”屠杀计划 2、不属于《红岩》中的英雄人物的选项是（D ）。 A郑克昌 B余新江 C李敬原 D彭松涛 3、《红岩》中最后幸存的共产党员是（ C ）。 A刘思洋 B齐晓轩 三、判断题 1、《红岩》一书着重表现的是两种政治力量和两种精神力量的较量，描述的斗争生活异常丰富和复杂，从城市到农村，从工厂到学校，以及国民党的特务机关和集中营，各条战线交叉，形成了一幅幅波澜壮阔的斗争场面。（错） 2、《红岩》中提到的“中美合作所”、“渣滓洞”、“白公馆”都是特务的巢穴，集中了国民党特务机构中最精悍、最狡诈、最凶恶的力量（对） 3、“监狱之花”指的是《红岩》中的小萝卜头。（错） 四、问答题
第2课时敬畏生命 【教学目标】 情感、态度与价值观目标：认识到生命价值高于一切，培养学生敬畏生命、珍爱生命的情感。 能力目标：能够以恰当的方式珍爱他人的生命，学会善待身边的人。 知识目标：懂得生命是崇高的、神圣的，生命价值高于一切。 【重点难点】 重点：生命至上。 难点：正确处理生命问题，学会关爱他人。 【教学方法】 问题式教学法、情境教学法、讲授法。 【学习方式】 讨论法、汇报交流法。 【教学过程】 一、复习巩固、导入新课 多媒体播放一组图片：清明祭祖，向人民英雄敬献花篮，5·12人们寄托哀思。 学生讨论：这些图片中的人们为什么要这样做？ 师：生命无上，我们要对逝者有尊重、敬畏的情怀，今天我们探究这一方面的话题——敬畏生命。 二、开展活动、讲授新课 【活动一：情境分析】播放失联客机及寻找情景 1、问题：你认为花费如此巨大的人力、物力、财力寻找失联的MH370客机值得吗？为什么？ 2、引导学生分析。 3、答案提示：我认为是值得的，因为这是对生命的尊重，是对社会，对家属的责任。生命是崇高的，神圣的，我们对生命要有一种敬畏的情怀。 4、请学生列举类似的情境。 【活动二：名言警示】 1、学生读自己搜集的生命重要的名言。 2、结合陶行知的警示思考：(1)你如何回答陶行知的困惑？ (2)陶行知的警言告诉我们什么？ 3、答案提示：(1)在旧中国，不少人迫于生计的压力，无暇顾及他人的生命。 (2)告诉我们，生命是宝贵的，每个人的生命都比金钱、权势等更重要。在这些外在的东西面前，生命价值高于一切。 【活动三：小品赏析】
1、播放郝建的《扶与不扶》 2、学生谈感受。 3、教材P95探究与分享 思考：不顾自身危险去救他人是不爱惜自己的生命吗？ 4、答案提示：不是。生命至上，并不意味着只看到自己生命的重要性，我们也必须承认别人的生命同样重要。“仁者爱人”“推己及人”，我们要自觉地珍爱他人的生命，如同珍爱自己的生命一样。 【活动四：情境表演】 1、根据教材P96的情境，学生表演。 2、学生谈启示。 3、答案提示：我们要珍惜自己的生命，也要关怀，尊重他人的生命，我们要与周围的生命休戚与共。 【活动五：】 1、出示图片，学生分析图片 2、思考：你能从上述不同的情境中发现哪些共同的态度？ 3、答案提示：(1)“让座”让我感受到对孕妇的关爱，“蹲下去”体现了对生活困难的人，我们要伸出援助之手，献一份爱心；“陪伴和分享”感受到要积极参加公益活动，在奉献中提升自我；“我是你的拐杖”体现了人与人之间要相互关心，相互帮助；“拥抱”体现了人与人之间的友情、关怀。 (2)共同的态度：我们要尊重、关注、关怀和善待身边的每一个人。 (3)对生命的敬畏，是我们内心的自愿选择，我们要与周围的生命休戚与共，尊重关注、关怀和善待身边的每一个人。 【活动六：】教材P97探究与分享及下面相关链接“四种道德潜能” 1．分组分别展示自主预习的内容，此部分可以一组展示，另一组负责评价，学生展示完后，必须有一定时间强化记忆，巩固基本知识点。 2．合作探究部分，组与组之间展开竞争、评比。 3、教师讲解：四种道德的潜能。 4、小结：我们对生命的敬畏并不是谁的命令，而是内心的资源选择。当我们能够与周围的生命休戚与共时，我们就走向了道德的生活。 四、总结收获、情感提升 五、当堂检测、查缺补漏 填空题：1．生命是脆弱的，艰难的，但有时生命是坚强的，有力量的，生命是_ _崇高_ _的、_ _神圣_ _的。我们对生命要有一种_ _敬畏_ _的情怀。 2．在外在东西面前，生命价值__ 高于一切_ _。 3．生命至上，并不意味着只看到自己生命的重要性，我们也必须承认别人的生命_ _同样重要_ _。
大学英语课程教学大纲 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
《大学英语》课程教学大纲课程编码： 课程名称：大学英语 College English 课程类型：公共基础 课程学时： 开设学期：第一至第四学期 适用对象：非英语专业大专 一、课程的性质、目的和任务 本课程属于公共必修课，是高校基础教育的一个重要组成部分，是提高学生综合素质的重要途径之一。大学英语教学以语言应用技能为先，融语言知识、学习策略和跨文化交际为一体，以外语教学理论为指导，并集合多种教学模式和教学手段的完整的教学体系。大学英语教学应从实际出发，立足于“国际化、大众化、人本化”，培养学生的语言实际应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往特别是国际交流中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。 大学英语的课程性质：大学英语是一门实践性较强的必修基础课程。旨在全面培养学生的英语应用能力和综合文化素养。教学模式为以计算机、网络、教学软件、课堂综合应用为主的个性化和主动式的教学模式；逐步将原来的以评价语法、阅读为主转变为以听懂为主、以实用为主。 大学英语的教学目的：使教学对象达到教学大纲所规定的英语水平要求，掌握良好的学习方法，打下扎实的语言基础，具有较高的听、说、写、译能力和较强的阅读能力。通过学习，使英语成为学生交流专业信息、发挥专业特长的有力工具，使学生在毕业时能够用英语有效地进行口头和书面交流，用英语作为工具直接开展工作。大学英语教学应着力培养、提高学生的综合人文素养，使学生具有较好的语言功底和较强的跨文化意识，以适应我国社会发展和经济建设的需要。 大学英语的教学任务：是培养学生英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力、提高综合文化素养，以适应我国经济发展和国际交流的需要。 二、课程的基本要求 大学英语教学的基本原则： 1. 大学英语课程要适应社会和学生的各种层次的要求。因此，课程必须多样化，要尽量多地向学生提供除大学英语基础课程外的各种应用性课程和文化交际性课程，为学生创造和提供更多的自我发展的机会。 2.大学英语课程的设计与实施要有利于学生自主学习能力的发展。为培养他们积极主动的学习方法，形成有效的学习策略。要采用课堂教学和自主学习
阅读提要 《红岩》是一部革命体小说。作者是：罗广斌、杨益言。这部名著是以描写重庆解放前夕残酷的地下斗争，特别是狱中斗争为主要内容的长篇小说。它的基本情节以“中美合作所”集中营（包括渣滓洞和白公馆）内的敌我斗争为中心，交错地展开了我地下党领导的城市的地下斗争、学生运动、工人运动、狱中斗争以及华蓥山区的武装斗争。小说以大量的篇幅描写了革命者的狱中斗争，除了《狱中联欢》所写的新年联欢活动外，还写了狱中绝食斗争的胜利，为龙光华烈士举行追悼会，写了江姐的从容就义，许云峰在地牢里同徐鹏飞的最后一次交锋，以及最后的武装越狱斗争等。歌颂了革命者在酷刑考验下的坚贞节操，塑造了许云峰、江姐、成岗、刘思扬、余新江等众多可歌可泣，令人难忘的革命英雄形象，深刻展示了革命者的崇高精神境界和思想光辉。 阅读安排 作者罗广斌、杨益言都是重庆中美合作所集中营的幸存者，他们亲身经历了黎明前血与火的考验，目睹了许多革命烈士坚韧不拔的英勇斗争和壮烈牺牲的场面。随后，创作了长篇红色经典小说《红岩》。老师建议你利用一周时间仔细读一读。全书共三十章，你可以做好安排。每天阅读5章左右。你可以到附件的书店购买，也可以上网查找阅读。 故事情节 1948年，在国民党的统治下处在黎明前最黑暗的时刻。为了配合工人运动，重庆地下党工运书记许云峰命甫志高建立沙坪书店，作为地下党的备用联络站。甫志高为了表现自己，不顾联络站的保密性质，擅自扩大书店规模，销售进步书刊。 一天，区委书记江姐要去华蓥山根据地，甫志高到码头为江姐送行，江姐嘱咐他要注意隐蔽，他嘴上答应，心里却不以为然。江姐到离根据地不远的一座县城时，发现自己的丈夫、华蓥山纵队政委彭松涛的人头被高挂城头。见到纵队司令员“双枪老太婆”后，她强忍悲痛，坚决要求到丈夫生前战斗的地方工作。 甫志高又自作主张吸收一名叫郑克昌的青年入店工作，许云峰知道情况后大吃一惊，几经分析发现郑克昌形迹可疑，便让甫志高通知所有人员迅速转移。甫志高却根本不听劝告，反认为许云峰嫉妒自己的工作成绩，结果被捕并成了可耻的叛徒。由于他的告密，许云峰、成岗、余新江和刘思扬等人很快相继被捕。特务头子徐鹏飞得意忘形，妄图借此将重庆地下党一网打尽。然而，他使尽各种伎俩，都没能从许云峰等人身上得到任何所需的东西。凶残的敌人为了得到口供，疯狂地折磨政治犯。他们给犯人食用霉烂的食物，而且在炎热的夏天限制饮水数量，妄图用炎热、蚊虫、饥饿和干渴动摇革命者的意志。为了粉碎敌人的阴谋，狱中难友趁放风时在墙角挖出一眼泉水，在保护泉水的斗争中，龙光华英勇牺牲，全狱难友绝食抗议敌人的暴行，敌人不得不妥协让步。 叛徒甫志高带领特务窜到乡下，江姐不幸被捕，关押在渣滓洞里。在狱中，她受尽了折磨，凶残的敌人把竹签钉进了她的十指。面对毒刑，她傲然宣告：“毒刑拷打是太小的考验，竹签子是竹做的，共产党员的意志是钢铁铸成的！”秋去冬来，转眼到了年底。全国革命形势一片大好，国民党当局在受到沉重打击后开始放出和谈空气。阴历年三十，渣滓洞全体难友举行了一个别开生面的联欢会。更令人高兴的是，地下党派人与他们取得了联系。敌人为了表示和谈的“诚意”，假意释放了一些政治犯，来自资本家家庭的共产党员刘思扬是其中之一。在他被送回刘公馆的第二天夜里，一个自称姓朱的人潜入刘家，说他受区委书记李敬原的委派，前来了解刘思扬在狱中的表现，并要他详细汇报狱中地下党的情况。正当刘思扬对此人怀疑时，李敬原派人送来情报，揭穿了这个伪装特务郑克昌的真面目。刘思扬来不及转移，又被抓起来关进另一所监狱“白公馆”。郑克昌在诱骗刘思扬失败后，又伪装成同
《英语阅读（四）》教学大纲 课程代码：08 开课学期：第二学年第二学期 适用专业：英语专业学时：36 编写教师：学分：2 审核：李旋旗、郭俊兰、杨华丽 第一部分说明 一、课程的性质、作用 本课程是为英语专业开设的必修课程。 本课程的作用在于传授学生有关的阅读与技巧，提升学生的英语阅读水平与理解能力，扩大阅读词汇，增加英语国家文化背景知识，为学生参加专业四、八级考试及其他形式的英语考试奠定良好的基础。学生通过有目的、较系统地阅读英语国家纸媒和网媒的精选文章，逐渐掌握泛读的基本技巧，了解一些英美国家的历史、文化、地理、政治、军事、法律、经济、金融、体育、经贸、环保、能源等方面的基本知识。从而为学生独立阅读各种英语文章打下良好的基础。 二、课程的任务与基本要求 本课程的任务是提高阅读速度，强调阅读速度与理解能力并重；掌握文章体裁、风格及相应的阅读方法；扩大词汇量，掌握基本句式，较能通顺的翻译句子和段落；较熟练地概括文章段落大意，培养较强的文章分就析归纳能力；较全面的了解英语国家政治、经济、文化、科技等方面的知识；增加英语国家背景知识，增强跨文化交际能力。 本课程重点讲述英语阅读的基本原理、阅读技巧和实践方法，侧重于英语学习者语言综合知识的运用。因而，在本课程的教学过程中，必须使学生真正透彻地领会诸如阅读的过程、图式理论、构词法、猜词技巧、句子与句子的关系、话题与话题句、要旨、推理与判断、文体与风格等阅读理论内涵；要注重阅读理论与阅读实践的紧密结合，处理好阅读速度与理解之间的关系，避免知识的重复和脱节，从而使学生能够得到比较系统而全面的英语阅读基本技能。 三、教学方法建议 针对阅读课教学的自身特点，课堂教学应贯穿以学生为主体、教师为主导的教学模式。在讲解阅读技巧的同时应辅以大量的阅读实践，在大量的阅读过程中体会并掌握各种阅读方法，达到逐渐提高阅读理解能力与阅读速度的目的。在加强训练的同时，采用启发式、讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，充分调动学生学习的积极性，激发学生的学习动机，最大限度地让学生参与学习的全过程。指导学生利用现有图书资料和网上信息获取知识。课外阅读是阅读课教学必需的延伸与补充，更是培养和发展学生能力的重要途径。通过大量的课外阅读，涉猎题材广泛的各类读物，拓宽知识面，不断提高阅读能力并增强对文章的鉴赏力。 四、本课程与其它课程的关系 本门课程为英语专业基础必修阅读课程，要求学生在规定学期之内完成课程的修习，并逐步提高阅读水平，获得基本的英语语言知识和能力，形成基本的学习态度与策略，为后续
名著红岩练习测试卷含答案
名著《红岩》阅读练习 （一）小说简介： 《红岩》是以描写重庆解放前夕残酷的地下斗争，特别是狱中斗争为主要内容的长篇小说。它的基本情节以“中美合作所”集中营（包括渣滓洞和白公馆）内的敌我斗争为中心，交错地展开了我地下党领导的城市的地下斗争、学生运动、工人运动、狱中斗争以及华蓥山区的武装斗争，集中描写了革命者为迎接解放、挫败敌人的垂死挣扎而进行的最后决战，歌颂了革命者在酷刑考验下的坚贞节操，塑造了许云峰（许建业）、江姐（江竹筠）、成岗（陈然）、刘思扬（刘国志）、余新江（余祖胜）等众多可歌可泣，令人难忘的革命英雄形象，深刻展示了革命者的崇高精神境界和思想光辉。 小说以大量的篇幅描写了革命者的狱中斗争，除了《狱中联欢》所写的新年联欢活动外，还写了狱中绝食斗争的胜利，为龙光华烈士举行追悼会，写了江雪琴的从容就义，许云峰在地牢里同徐鹏飞的最后一次交锋，以及最后的武装越狱斗争等。 《红岩》作者罗广斌、杨益言都是重庆中美合作所集中营的幸存者，他们亲身经历了黎明前血与火的考验，目睹了许多革命烈士为革命牺牲的壮烈场面。根据这些
亲身经历，他们于1957年写出了革命回忆录《烈火中永生》，随后在这个基础上创作了长篇小说《红岩》。 小说《红岩》出版后在社会上引起了强烈反响，被誉为“共产主义的奇书”。 （二）故事梗概 1948年，在国民党的统治下处在黎明前最黑暗的时刻。为了配合工人运动，重庆地下党工运书记许云峰命甫志高建立沙坪书店，作为地下党的备用联络站。甫志高为了表现自己，不顾联络站的保密性质，擅自扩大书店规模，销售进步书刊。 一天，区委书记江姐要去华蓥山根据地，甫志高到码头为江姐送行，江姐嘱咐他要注意隐蔽，他嘴上答应，心里却不以为然。江姐到离根据地不远的一座县城时，发现自己的丈夫、华蓥山纵队政委彭松涛的人头被高挂城头。见到纵队司令员“双枪老太婆”后，她强忍悲痛，坚决要求到丈夫生前战斗的地方工作。 甫志高又自作主张吸收一名叫郑克昌的青年入店工作，许云峰知道情况后大吃一惊，几经分析发现郑克昌形迹可疑，便让甫志高通知所有人员迅速转移。甫志高却根本不听劝告，反认为许云峰嫉妒自己的工作成绩，结果被捕并成了可耻的叛徒。由于他的告密，许云峰、成岗、余新江和刘思扬等人很快相继被捕。特务头子徐
敬畏生命阅读答案 那是一个夏天的长得不能再长的下午，在印第安纳州的一个湖边。我起先是不经意的坐着看书，忽然发现湖边有几棵树正在飘散一些白色的纤维，大团大团的，像棉花似的，有些飘到草地上，有些飘入湖水里。【甲】可是，渐渐地，【乙】好几个小时过去了，那些树仍旧浑然不觉地，在飘送那些小型的云朵，倒好像是一座无限的云库似的。整个下午，整个晚上，漫天都是那种东西。第二天情形完全一样，【丙】其实，小学的时候就知道有一类种子是靠风力吹动纤维播送的。但也只是知道一道测验题的答案而已。那几天，真的看到了，【丁】我几乎第一次遇见生命——虽然是植物的。 我感到那云状的种子在我心底 a （A．猛烈、B．强烈、C．剧烈、D．热烈）地碰撞上什么东西，我不能不被生命豪华的、奢侈的、不计成本的投资所感动。也许在不分昼夜的飘散之余，只有一颗种子足以成树，但造物者乐于做这样 b （A．得不偿失、B．事半功倍、C．惊心动魄、D．骇人听闻）的壮举。 1．根据上下文意，在a、b两处选择最适合的一个词语，分别填在下面的横线上。 （1）________ （2）________ 2．下面的四句是从文中抽出来的。它们体现了作者的情感变化。把序号填在相应的空白处。 A．我发现情况简直令人吃惊。 B．我当时没有十分注意，只当是偶尔风起 C．满心所感到的是一种折服。 D．我感到诧异和震惊。 甲________，乙________，丙________，丁________。 3．结合上下文，揣摩文中加粗的时间短语在文中所起的作用。 4．文中的“白色纤维”是指什么？文中的画曲线句子对“白色纤维”的描写的用意是什么？ 5．如何理解文章中“我几乎第一次遇见生命”这句话？ 6．作者说生命在进行“豪华的、奢侈的、不计成本的投资”，试从文章中找出例证。 答案： 1．（1）B（2）C 2．BADC 3．随着时间的变化，作者渐渐被植物旺盛的生命力所折服，加粗词表示时间的渐渐推移。 4．指一种植物随风而散的种子。生命的宝贵，就在于它的顽强，不懈地寻找生存的空间，让自己活下去，就如这一类种子，随风飘散，尽管不知目的地何在，但仍坚信会有一寸土地等待着它去扎根，作者所“折服”，所“敬畏”的，应该就是这种生命的顽强。 5．天下的生命千千万万，都有自己活着的风采，只是我们未曾发现，常因其平凡而视之不见。作者通过种子的飘零，第一次以自己的心体验到生命的力量和顽强，所以应该说是“第一次体验到”。 6．这里是通过生命奢侈的投资，说明生命是一种无价的投资，突出生命为了实现永恒的存在而奋斗不已的精神。“奢侈”应是贬义词褒用，体现出作者的赞叹之情。