新课标高考英语热点动词十五类
动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。我们通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。
一、连系动词类
连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下3种：
1．变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become, go, turn, grow, get, fall等。
2．感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, look, sound appear, seem, look等。
3．状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep, come, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prove等。
连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, become, grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：
The mixture is tasted terrible.（误）
The mixture tastes terrible（正）
【高考例题】
(1) ---Do you like the material? ---Yes, it ____ very soft. (NMET94)
（西安分卷3）
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt
(2) Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days. (NMET 03)
A. be stayed
B. stay
C. be staying
D. have stayed
(3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. (04春季高考上海卷）
A. seat
B. seating
C. seated
D. to be seating
(4) Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may ____ run over by a car. (02高考北京卷）
A. have
B. get
C. become
D. turn
(5) Happy birthday, Alice. So you have ____ twenty-one already. (04天津卷）
A. become
B. turned
C. grown
D. passed
(6) Sarah, hurry up. I'm afraid you can't have time to ____ before the party. (04全国卷II)
A. get changed
B. get change
C. get changing
D. get to change
(7) 0n hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine, she ____ pale. (04湖北卷）
A. got
B. changed
C. went
D. appeared
(8 )The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (04上海卷）
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
(9) Although he has taken a lot of medicine, his health ____ poor. (02春上海卷）
A. proves
B. remains
C. maintains
D. continues
(10) I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A. does
B. feels
C. gets
D. makes
二、感官动词类
常考的感官动词有see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, catch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式
作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。
1．后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
I often heard the song sung, but I have never heard you sing it.
When you go to watch the football watch, you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win.
2．后接V-ing形式表伴随的动作。
Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
Hearing this, I felt my heart beating fast.
3．后接V-ed形式表被动意义。
After his return twenty years later, he found his home town greatly changed.
Although I had learnt some English, I had never heard a word of it spoken.
【高考例题】
(1) The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ____ the next year. (NMET 2000)
A. carry out
B. carrying out
C. carried out
D. to carry out
(2) A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ____
in the kitchen. ( NMET 03)
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
(3) The missing boys were last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D. to play
(4) The salesman scolded the girl who was caught ____ and let her off. (NMET93)
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C .to steal D. stealing
(5) He looked around and caught a man ____ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting (04春北京卷）
三、使役动词类
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：
1. make, let have等后接不带to的不定式，表“使／让某人／某物做某事”。
Don't make him do it if he doesn't want to.
If you have any problems, just let me know.
在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中.
He was made to apologize to the guest.
2. have, keep, leave, send, set, get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。
I'm sorry to keep you waiting for so long.
Why do you have him worrying about his lessons?
3. have, keep, leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。
He didn't keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired.
I'll keep you informed as soon as I have the news.
【高考例题】
（1)Don't leave the water＿while you brush
your teeth. (04天津卷）
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
(2)Laws that punish parents for their children's actions against the laws get parents＿．(04重庆卷）
A. worried
B. to worry
C. worrying
D. worry
(3) ---Why did you go back to the shop?
---I left my friend ____ there. (03春安徽内蒙古卷）
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. waits
(4) It was so cold that they kept the fire ____ all night. (NMET91)
A. to burn
B. burn
C. burning
D. burned
(5) ---Good morning, can I help you?
---I'd like to have this package ____，madam.
A. be weighed
B. weighing
C. weighed
D. to weigh (NMET89)
(6) The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____．(NMET91)
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
(7) As you have never been there before, I'll have someone ____ you the way. (94上海卷）
A. show
B. to show
C. showing
D. showed
(8) Paul doesn't have to be made ____．He always works hard. (NMET95)
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D.
learning
(9) A computer can do only what thinking people ______．(99上海卷）
A. have it do
B. have it done
C. have done it
D. having it done
(10) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ____ went wrong. (98年上海卷）
A. it
B. it repaired
C. repaired
D. to be repaired
四、含情感色彩的动词
这类动词有excite, inspire, encourage, interest, satisfy, delight, please, move, frighten, surprise, amaze, astonish, shock, worry, astonish, disappoint, discourage, exhaust, puzzle, tire, terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，V-俄ed形式指人，V-ing形式则指事物。
The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears.
What disappointing result! We were all disappointed with it.
Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit.
【高考例题】
(1) Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ____ his boss. (2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷）
A. serves
B. satisfies
C. promises
D. supports
(2) ---I'm very ____ with my own cooking. It looks nice smells delicious.
---Mm, it does have a ____ smell. (02春NMET )
A. pleasant; pleased
B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant
D. pleased; pleasant
(3) Mr. Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel. (03春北京卷）
A. tired; boring
B. tiring; bored
C. tired; bored
D. tiring; boring
(4) It is believed that if a book is____, it will surely ____ the reader. (03上海聋）
A. interested; interest
B. interesting；be interested
C. interested；be interesting
D. interesting; interest
(5) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home ____.(04春上海卷）
A. being exhausted
B. exhausted
C. exhausting
D. having exhausted
五、后接不定式动词类
afford, agree, choose, determine, expect, decide, learn, offer, mange, hope, want, wish, promise, refuse, fail, pretend, happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。
Thank you for offering to help, but I can manage myself. He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy.
【高考例题】
(1) We agreed＿here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. (NMET95)
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
(2) Little Jim should love ____ to the theatre this evening. (NMET92)
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
(3) I don't know whether you happen＿，but I'm going to study in the U S A this September. (04辽宁卷）
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing
C. to hear
D. to have heard
(4) She pretended＿me when I passed by. (NMET89)
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
(5) Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything. (01高考上海卷）
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
六、后接V-ing形式动词类
该类动词常考的有appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, dislike, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, hate, imagine, keep，mind, miss, practise, postpone, resist, risk,' stand, suggest 等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；
I don't mind waiting, but I've got to stand in the cold wind. Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan?
Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English.
【高考例题】
（1) I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon.
A. you to call
B. you call
C. your calling
D. you're calling
(2) While shopping, people sometimes can't help ____ into buying something they don't really need. (96年上海卷）
A. to persuade
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
(3) He has always insisted on his ____ Dr. turner instead of Mr. Turner. (92上海卷）
A. been called
B. called
C. being called
D. having called
(4) I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island. (04年上海卷）
A. to have had time
B. having time
C. to have time
D. to having time
(5) Do you mind＿alone at home? (94年上海卷）
A. Jane leaving
B. Jane having left
C. Jane's being left
D. Jane to be left
(6) I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. (NMET91)
A. sail
B. to sail
C. sailing
D. to have sailed
七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类
remember, try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, can't help
I remember being pad, but I've forgotten the exact amount. Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me.
I don't really mean to work here, which means leaving the job soon afterwards.
【高考例题】
（1）---The light in the office is still on. (NMET91)
---Oh, I forgot ______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
(2) ---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. (NMET95)
---Well, now I regret ______ that.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
(3) She can't help＿the house because she's busy making a cake. (97上海卷）
A. to clean
B. cleaning
C. cleaned
D. being cleaned
(4) ---1 usually go there by train. (NMET92)
---Why not _____ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
(5) ---Let me tell you something about the journalfists.
---Don't you remember＿me the story yesterday? (99
年高考上海卷）
A. told
B. telling C .to tell D. to have told
(6) The library needs ____, but I'll have to wait until Sunday. (NMET92)
A. cleaning
B. be cleaned
C. being cleaned
D. clean
(7) 1n some parts of London, missing a bus means ____ for another hour. (02春上海卷）
A. waiting
B. to wait
C. wait
D. to be waiting
(8) She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a
big rock by the side of the path. (NMET90)
A. resting
B. to have rested
C. rested
D. to rest
(9) Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished
this one. (NMET89)
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
（Key: BDADB RADA)
八、进行时态表将来意义动词类
这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come, start, arrive, take, leave, move等。例如：
When are going off to for Shanghai?
Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month.
【高考例题】
(1) I've won a holiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum.
(01春NMET)
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D. will have taken
(2) ---What were you doing when he came to see you? (89
上海卷）
---I had just put on my overcoat and _____ visit a friend.
A. leaving
B. was left
C. left D .was leaving
(3) ---What were you doing when Tony phoned you？
---I had just finished my work and _____ to take a
shower. (04天津卷）
A. had started
B. started
C. have started
D. was starting
九、主动表被动动词类
英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：
1．某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词＋副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。
This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
Written in simple English, this article reads easily.
2．某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh重), act（上演）等。
The door won't shut.
This shop opens much earlier than it used to.
Each stone weighs 2 tons.
3．某些不及物动词，如happen, occur, cost以及短语，如come out（出版），come up（出现），come into being（产生）come to one's mind想起），turn out（证明是），come about（发生），break out 姆发），belong to (属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
Suddenly an idea came to his mind.
It never occurred to me to phone you.
【高考例题】
(1) The evening news comes on at seven o'clock and ____ only thirty minutes. (04全国卷II)
A. keeps
B. continues
C. finishes
D. lasts
(2) ---Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard? (02北京卷）
---No, dear. They don't _____ well. Put them in the fridge instead.
A. keep
B. fit
C. get
D. last
(3) Books of this kind _____ well.（99上海卷）
A. sell
B. sells
C. are sold D .is sold
十、虚拟语气动词类
insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)＋动词原形”。
The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules.
The rule requires that everyone, young or old, man or women,
have his car checked once a year.
【高考例题】
(1) ---How do you _____ we go to Beijing for our holidays.
---I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable. (04福建卷）
A. insist
B. want
C. suppose
D. suggest
(2) Jane's pale face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. (94上海卷）
A. be; should have
B. was; have
C. should be; had
D. was; has
(3) _____ sent to work here? (02上海卷）
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
十一、省略替代类
believe, think, suppose, guess, hope, expect, imagine, would like/ love, be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：
---Do you think Norman would have lent me his car I had asked him to?
---Yes, I ,think so.
---Will you be able to come to my birthday party?
---I'd love to, but I'm too busy.
注意：believe, think, suppose, guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe (think, suppose guess) not，也可以说I don't believe (think, suppose guess) so，但用hope, expect, be afraid 作否定回答时，只能说I hope (expect) not以及I'm afraid not, 【高考例题】
(1) ---I believe we've met somewhere before. (2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷）
---No, ______.
A. it isn't the same
B. it can't be true
C. I don't think so
D. I'd rather not
(2) ---The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? (03春北京卷）
---________.
A. I guess not so
B. I don't guess
C. I don't guess it
D. I guess not
(3) ---Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
---______. (NMET94)
A. I don't believe
B. I don't believe it
C. I believe not so
D. I believe not
十二、否定转移类
think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。
I don't think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work.
He doesn't think Tom will make an excellent player.
当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如： I don't think there is anything else I need, is there? He doesn't believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself, does he?
【高考例题】
(1) I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, _____？ (01上海卷）
A. do I
B. don't I
C. will they
D. won't they
(2) Mrs. Black doesn't believe her son is able to design
a digital camera,____？(02上海卷）
A. is he
B. isn't he
C. doesn't she
D. does she
十三、带介词t0的动词短语类
这类短语有be (get) used to, lead to, devote…to, look forward to, stick to, object to, get down to, there is no end to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。例如：
I've got used to driving in all kinds of weather.
As soon as she returned home from abroad, she got down to preparing supper for children.
注意区分介词to与不定式符号to a
He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving on the left. (used to表“过去常常”,to为不定式符号，be used to 表“习惯于”,to为介词）
I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.〔look forward to 意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。）
He looked forward to see what was happening. (look forward 意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状语。）
【高考例题】
(1) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children. (01上海卷）
A. set up
B. setting up
C. have set up
D. having set up
(2) The discovery of new evidence led to _____. (03上海卷）
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught
(3) She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden. (94上海卷）
A. visit
B. paying a visit
C. walking
D. walking
in
十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类
这类动词常考的有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, marry, employ, graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/ since短语或since
从句连用。例如：
He has come here for three years.（误）
He has been here for three years.（正）
It is three years since he came here.（正）
【高考例题】
(1) It's ten years since the scientist_____his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical. (04江苏卷）
A. made for
B. set out
C. took off
D. turned up
(2) My uncle ____ until he was forty-five. (2000高考上
海卷）
A. married
B. didn't married
C. was not marrying
D. would marry
(3) ---_____ David and Vicky _____ married? (03北京卷）
---For about three years.
A. How long were; being
B. How long have; got
C. How long have; been
D. How long did; get
(4) ---How long ______ at this job? (03春北京卷）
---Since 1990.
A. were you employed
B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed
D. will you be employed
(5) When Jack arrived he learned Mary ____ for almost an hour. (NMET92)
A. had gone
B. had set off
C. had left
D. had been away
(6) They _____ friends since they met in Shanghai. (NMET89)
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have turned
十五、计划未能实现类
intend, mean, hope, wish, plan, expect, think, want, suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、
打算等。
1．该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。
I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift. I had panned to call on you, but I was too busy to get away. 2．该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。
I'd like to have arrive on time, but I was caught on the traffic jam.
【高考例题】
(1) ---You should have thanked her before you left.
---I meant _____, but when I was leaving I couldn't find
her anywhere. (2000春上海卷）
A. to do
B. to
C. doing
D. doing so
(2) ---Why haven't you bought any butter? (01春北京安徽内蒙古卷）
---I ____ to but I forgot about it.
A. liked
B. wished
C. meant
D. expected
(3) I would love _____ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET97)
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
(4) ---Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
---I _____, but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET97)
A. had
B. would
C. was going to
D. did
句子翻译（二） 1稍等一会儿，我会帮助你的。（for a while） 2他们作了自我介绍。(introduce) 3请去查询下班火车什么时候开。(find out) 4昨天下午2时到4时你在做什么？(过去进行时) 5我正在吃晚饭，电话铃响了。(when) 6不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢游泳。(be fond of) 7他今天感到身体好多了。(a lot) 8礼堂里早已挤满了高中学生。(be full of) 9我在街上走时，看到了一些古老的建筑物。(while) 10我走近花园时，几个男孩子在爬树。(用过去进行时) 11请脱下你的旧上衣，穿上这件新的。(take off, put on) 12这件事是什么时候发生的？（happen 13他去办公室查询课程表.(ask abut) 14当我们到达车站时，火车已开出了。(过去完成时) 15他服药后，开始感到好些了.(过去完成时) 16 我观看体育节目你有意见吗? (mind) 17我还没有读完那本有关伦敦的书.(finish) 18 他没有跟我说一声就离开了山村。(without) 19我告诉她我已把餐具洗好了。(过去完成时) 20汤姆上楼去他的卧室时，他的姐姐已把他的上衣改短了一英寸。(过去完成时) 21我和汤姆都盼望早日见到您。(look forward to) 22全世界的人都在电视上观看奥运会.(all over the world) 23我听说这场比赛将延期。(put off) 24这里要讲英语.(被动) 25这座体育馆将于明年建成.(被动语态) 26过马路时要小心.(be careful) 27这次车祸是什么引起的?(cause) 28她总是乐于助人.(be ready to) 29这个女孩由于不遵守交通规则，在车祸中受了伤。(被动) 30到时候会通知你的.（被动语态） 31我根本不喜欢这个铜的框架。(not…at all) 32他把玫瑰栽在花园中间.(in the middle) 33他不知道她为什么在练习中有这么多的错误.(wonder) 34他告诉我一切都会好的。(过去将来时) 35谁也不知道我们什么时候举行下次会议.(过去将来时) 36在新学校里有这么多的东西要学 37当老师进来的时候，我们正在愉快地交谈。38我们一读完初中就进入高中。 39我的老师比我想象的要年轻得多。 40晚饭后，我总是在厨房里洗碗碟.
Part 1 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1、格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。（who） 2、人们是否会推迟退休还有待于讨论（remain）。 3、无论任务多么艰巨，我们都要不遗余力地完成。（However） 4、许多公司在雇佣员工时，相对于能力而言，更看重个性。（emphasis） 5、如果双方在这些事务上能达成共识，就有可能在新的领域进一步合作。（If...） 1、Mr. Green is going to visit\see a friend this Sunday, who knows a lot about money matters. 2 、It remains to be discussed whether people will delay retiring. /Whether people will delay retiring remains to be discussed. 3、However hard the task is, we should spare no efforts to accomplish it. 4 、Many companies put more emphasis on personality than on capability when they employ staff members. 5 、If both the parties can agree on these issues, they are likely to further cooperate（have further cooperation）in the new field. Part 2 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.每年圣诞期间百货店里的商品都减价出售。(sale) 2.如今人们非常关注的是食品安全和空气质量。(concern) 3.无论多么艰难，交给咱们的任务都必须按时完成。(however) 4.专家们一入座外语节的演讲比赛就在王校长的主持下开始了。(Hardly) 5.遍布城市每个角落的星巴克(Starbucks) 满足了人们适应快节奏生活的需要。(adapt) 1.The goods in the department stores are all on sale at Christmas every year. 2.Nowadays what people are (very) much concerned about is food safety and air quality. Food safety and air quality are people’s major concerns nowadays. 3.However hard/ difficult it is, the task given to us must/ should be completed/ fulfilled on time. 4.Hardly had the experts sat down/ got seated/ seated themselves/ taken (their) seats when the speech contest of the Foreign Language Festival (that was) hosted by Principal Wang s tarted. 5.The Starbucks in every corner of the city have met/ satisfied/ meet/ satisfy people’s needs/ demands to adapt to a/ the fast-paced life. Part 3 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1、孩子们总是对周边的一切都非常好奇。(curious) 2、她在比赛中表现出色，给评委留下了深刻的印象。(which) 3、一进学校，她就意外得知有一所名校录取她了。(No sooner…) 4、奇怪的是，这些年轻人对这些我们都耳熟能详的歌曲却一无所知。(know)
热点04 语法填空 【命题趋势】 在一篇200左右词的短文中留出十个空白，所设空白分有词填空和无词填空二种。有词填空题考查：时态、语态、形容词或副词的级、非谓语动词和简单构词法。无词填空考查：代词、冠词、连词、介词和情态动词。要求考生根据空白所在句的句式结构及句子间的逻辑关系，用适当的词或所给词的适当形式填写，以便使短文准确无误。本题型主要考查考生在文章中正确使用英语语法知识的能力。 【满分技巧】 答题原则：以句子为单位来考虑含有空白的句子。答不出时，再考虑设空所在句与前句或后句的关系。 A. 有词填空题 这类题在一个设空处可填一至三个词，其中考查最多、最难的是用动词的正确形式填空。这包含对时态、语态、非谓语动词及构词法知识的考查。首先要确定该空应该使用谓语动词(时态、语态、)还是用非谓语动词。规律是：每个句子(从第一个词到句号或叹号算作一个句子)都遵循这个等式：谓语数-1=连词数。其中一个破折号(若后面是句子)、分号、冒号算作一个连词；连接并列成分的连词，承接上文的连词，以及when、if、though与非谓语动词连用时的不计数。在填含有已给动词的空白时，依据已知的谓语动词和连词的数量所构成的等式来判断。若左边(前面)再加1等式才成立，需要填谓语动词；若相等，需要填非谓语动词(详见下列《技巧应用》) B. 无词填空题 这类题一个空白只许填一个词，其中考查最多、最难的是填从属连词。判断是否填连词的方法也是根据上述等式(遇到难句、长句、复杂句，才使用)来考虑：即, 若右边(后面)再加1等式才成立, 需要填连词。 考查代词、冠词、连词、介词、形容词或副词的级和情态动词的填空题相对较简单。将在《技巧应用》或《限时检测》中详述。 【技巧应用】 下面以《2019年高考英语卷二》为例来阐述《满分技巧》的实际应用： A. 原题 A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee —still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 62 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year. Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene 64 (declare) she had no plans 65
高考冲刺必备 高考常用动词短语搭配1.动词+about speak/talk about谈论 think about思考 care about关心,对...有兴趣bring about引起,使发生 set about 着手,开始 come about发生 hear about听说 worry about为...担心 2.动词+away throw away 扔掉 blow away吹走 carry away拿走,使入迷clear away清除掉,消散 die away逐渐消失 pass away 去世 wash away冲走 take away拿走 put away收拾起来,存起来give away背弃,泄露 wear away磨掉,消耗 break away摆脱 send away让走开 turn away把...打发走 3.动词+back keep back隐瞒,忍住 hold back控制住 call back回电话 look back回顾 give back归还 take back拿回,收回 4.动词+for run for竞选 ask for要求得到 wait for等候 long for渴望 care for关心,喜欢 search for查找 call for要求,需要 change for用...换 apply for申请 seek for寻找 stand for代表,表示 hope/wish for希望得到beg for乞求 look for寻找 hunt for寻找 charge for收费,要价 take for误以为...是 come for来拿,来取 5.动词+down break down 出毛病，分解，拆开 bring down 使下降，使倒下 burn down 烧毁 calm down平静下来 come down 下跌，落，降，传下 cut down 削减，砍倒 die down （炉火）渐熄 fall down 掉下，跌倒 get down to do 致力于，专心于 get down 下来，记下，使沮丧 go down 下沉，降低 hand down 传给，流传 hold down 控制，镇压 knock down 撞倒 look down upon 瞧不起 pass down 传下来 pass down…to 传给 pull down 往下拉，拆毁 put down 记下，写下，平息 set down 放下 settle down 安家 slow down慢下来 take down 记录，写下 tear down 拆除 turn down 调小，拒绝 6.动词+at come at 向...袭击 run at冲向,向...攻击 tear at用力撕 stare at凝视 glance at匆匆一瞥 knock at敲门,窗等 smile at冲某人笑 aim at向...瞄准 wonder at惊讶 shout at冲某人嚷嚷 work at干...活动研究 look at看,注视 glare at怒视 laugh at嘲笑 point at指向 strike at向...打击 shoot at向...射击 call at拜访地点 7.动词+from differ from与...不同 suffer from受...苦 hear from收到...来信 die from因...而死 keep/stop/prevent from不让...做 learn from向...学习 date from始于...时候 result from由于 separate from把...分离开 8.动词+of think of想到 consist of由...组成 approve of赞成 talk of谈到 complain of抱怨 dream of梦到 speak of 读到 die of死于 hear of听说 become of发生...情况,怎么啦 9.动词+off start off出发 set off出发 leave off''中断 show off炫耀 get off下车 see off送行 put off延期,推迟 cut off切断,断绝 keep off避开,勿走近 knock off把...撞落 pay off还清 get off脱下衣服等 trun/switch off关掉 take off脱下,起飞 ring off挂断电话 come off脱掉,褪色 fall off跌落,掉下 go off走开,消失,坏了 break off打断 carry off携走,带走 give off散发出 10.动词+on
上海历届春高考英语句子翻译汇编（2000年-----2016年） 2000上海春考 1. 进入大学以后, 他对计算机很感兴趣。(become interested in) 2. 集邮几乎占据了他所有业余时间。(occupy) 3. 只要专心学习, 你一定能顺利通过考试。(concentrate) 4. 越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware) 5. 尽管有很多困难, 我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) 6. 诺贝尔奖金授予那些在某一个领域作出巨大贡献的科学家。(be awarded) 2000上海高考 1. 这张照片是我想起了我们在夏令营度过的日子。(remind) 2. 假如你想从事这项工作，你必须先接受三个月的训练。(take up) 3. 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。(once) 4. 同其他同学相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听，说能力。(compare) 5. 众所周知，成功来自于勤奋，不努力则一事无成。(without)
1．早睡早起有益于健康。（do good to） 2．乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗？（offer） 3．就我所知，在那座小城市里购物很方便。（as far as） 4．他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret） 5．到目前为止，我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三千五百个。（add up to）6．学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱，患难朋友才是真朋友。（realize） 2001上海高考 1. 我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样那个强大。(Never) 2. 我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终的结论。(before) 3. 据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城遗址。(discover) 4. 这个地区的经济发展得很快，可使某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality) 5. 他们应该从这件事中得出教训，玩火者必自焚。(burn)
历届高考中译英真题答案 -2012-4 2012年春考 1. It will take several months to finish the task. 2. A concert was held in the park last weekend. 3. Neither he nor his classmates like taking extra classes after school. 4. Many old people who live alone hope that their kids will visit them often. 5. The moment he stepped on
the foreign land, Li Hua realized that it was important to follow the local customs. 2011年秋考 1. Why not / Why don’t you book tickets online / reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet? 2. I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar / very much alike. 3. As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children’s physical and
mental health. 4. No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study / education. 5. If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your study / learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably. 2011年春考 1. We enjoyed a wonderful performance last night. 2. The (super) highway to Nanjing is/was/has been
2018年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之动词的时态和语态及情 态动词 2018年高考动词的时态和语态及情态动词 1.【2018·北京】1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around? —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。 点睛：一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用，如：yesterday，last week，in the past，in 2017，once，a few days ago等。 2.【2018·北京】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B 点睛：过去进行时表示在过去某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。3.【2018·北京】7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年
. 汉译英 1.好朋友就是能和你分享快乐和忧伤的人 . 2.这是他第一次用电子邮件与笔友交流 . 3. 网络使人们即使身处世界的不同角落也完全可能面对面地交流. 4．现在 , 每年有超过 100 万的旅客来广州观光旅游. 5. 世界淡水资源十分有限，因此我们必须充分利用. 6. 不管你相不相信 , 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达自己了.
. 7.实际上学好英语有很多简单的方法 , 例如看英文电视或和外国朋友在线聊 天. 7. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要完成这份工作. 8.全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议 . 9.花了一周时间才把衣物和药品送达灾区 . 10.请耐心点。火车十分钟后到 . 11.消防员没有多考虑个人的安危 , 像平常一样将困在大火中的人员援救出来 . 12. 一些人破门设法从失火的房子里逃了出来.
13. 上一次考试考砸了之后，那个男孩向父母许诺今后会努力学习. 14.约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳 . 15. 除非我们净化我们的环境，否则人类可能将无法生存. 16.这是目前为止我所看过的最好的电影中的一部 . 17.我家门前的漂亮新车是我邻居的，不是我的 . 18.当午餐的铃声敲响的时候 , 学生们一个接一个走出教室 . 19.经理不在时 , 他负责这个商店 .
20.他最终向警察承认他也加入了犯罪活动 . 21. 他训练了很长的一段时间，所以获得比赛的胜利是他应得的. 22.这个母亲正看护着她熟睡的孩子 . 23.由于人类的过度猎捕，许多动物都已经灭绝了 . 24.开车的时候，你应该注意路标 . 25. 政府提出了一项新的政策，旨在保护城市里一些重要的历史遗迹. 26. 根据气象报告，今天将会是一个晴朗的日子.
（英语）高考英语翻译真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子
高考英语一轮复习短文改错热点突破与真题跟踪练 热点考向 短文改错中的一致性原则所涉及的内容包括：主谓一致性原则、时态一致性原则、代词指代一致性原则。 热点1主谓一致性原则 (1)把握好名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致性。 (2)注意当名词性从句、动名词(短语)或不定式(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词多用单数。 (3)重视主语后跟的连接词。 (4)注意某些限定词修饰的名词作主语时的主谓一致性。 热点2时态一致性原则 (1)多个谓语动词并列时，其时态必须保持一致。 (2)主从复合句的时态一致性： 在状语从句中，大多数情况下主从句前后的时态要保持一致；但在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句为将来时态时，从句用现在时表将来。在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词用现在时或将来时，则从句的谓语动词可用任何时态；若主句谓语动词用过去时，则从句中的谓语动词也要用相应的某种过去时态，但从句所表述的内容是普遍存在的客观真理时，从句仍用现在时。 热点3代词指代一致性原则 要注意上下文中的代词指代应前后一致，若前面是the woman，则其后的代词就是she，her，hers等。 解题原则 在解答短文改错题时，考生要遵循以下原则： (1)保持原意原则 短文改错只是要求考生对其中的用词错误和句法错误进行修改和更正，而不是改变文章或者作者所表达的意思、语气和上下文逻辑关系，也不用调整句子顺序和结构等。 (2)改动最少原则
做短文改错题时每处错误只能在一个词上进行改动。通常有：在错词下画线并在其下面写出正确的词；将多余的词划掉；在缺词处画个漏字符号并在其下面写出要加的词。 (3)改动实词、添加或删除虚词原则 根据近几年高考分析，对实词的处理一般为改变形式而不是改变其词义，也不能改用另一个实词，更不能随意增减；而添加或删除的多半是冠词、介词、关系词等。 (4)简洁规范原则 考生必须使用规定符号去答题，而不能用文字去表达。有时有些考生不仅答题不规范，没有把错误的改成正确的，而且把正确的反而给改错了，这样就不能得分。 解题步骤 步骤1抓住主线，确定时态 通读语篇、抓住主线、贯穿全文是顺利完成短文改错的关键所在。动词是语句的核心，确定基本时态、前后比对是解决动词问题的法宝。一篇短文的基本时态若确定了，要确定动词的相关形式也就有章可循了。 步骤2整句理解，分行斟酌 短文改错的命题形式一般是给出一篇短文，文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。也就是说，短文改错是以“句”为阅读单位的。这就要求考生在解题时以句子为基础，在全面理解上下文的同时，又要在每一句中仔细斟酌，判断正误。 步骤3前后贯通，复读检查 有的错误比较隐蔽，只靠一遍阅读是很难发现的，这时必须做到前后贯通，复读检查，考生要根据平时所积累的词汇、语法和惯用法知识及语感，检查修改后的文章是否通顺。在复读过程中，既要重视词汇、句子的字面含义，又要弄清上下文的内在逻辑。 步骤4规范解答，注意细节 在短文改错答题过程中，考生应严格按照试题要求进行规范答题。如“”、“∧”、“\”分别代表错词标记、缺词标记以及多词删除标记。另外，错词、缺词时答案均要求写在正下方，避免过失性失分。 解题技巧 1．坚持三个原则、做到三个不改
重点中学高考资源整理 高中英语（全册）动词短语考点汇总 全册A-Z顺序整理，附例句
（1）act短语： act as 担任……职务，起……作用act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处 理某事） act out 表演（对话、故事等）act up 捣乱，出毛病 例如： I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen. Mr Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus. He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot. （2）break短语： break away 摆脱，脱离break away from …脱离……，奋力挣脱…… break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解 break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入 break into …闯入……，破门而入 break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发 break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定 break through 突围，冲跨break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开 例如: The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught. If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner or later. The car broke down just on my way here. If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off. If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off. She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup. I broke off the conversation and answered the phone. Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? It may take a long time to break through the problem. In spring the icebergs begin to break up. （3）bring短语： bring about 引起，导致，使发生bring along把……带来，领来 bring back 拿回来，使恢复bring sb back 送回某人 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒 （比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒） bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下 bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价[比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格 下降/上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进 bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring to 使苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring / carry sth to / into effect实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始
句子翻译 1.我是学生.(简单句)______________________________________________________________________________ 2.他在做的与我无关._____________________________________________________________________________ 3.我来了,但他已经走了. (复合句)___________________________________________________________________ 4.我不知道他已经走了,但是她知道. (并列复合句)_____________________________________________________ 5.你能回答我的问题吗?___________________________________________________________________________ 6.我在写信.______________________________________________________________________________________ 7.请开门.________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.他是一个多聪明的男孩啊!________________________________________________________________________ 9.我非常喜欢这本书.______________________________________________________________________________ 10.他昨天去哪儿了?_______________________________________________________________________________ 第二组：词类 11.你应该用正确的方法做这件事.____________________________________________________________________ 12.最终, 他受到了惩罚.____________________________________________________________________________ 13.他在湖里游泳. He is swimming in the lake. 14.至今,我已经读了100部小说. So far, I have read 100 novels. 15.我不喜欢这乐曲. I don’t like the music. 16.你喜欢音乐吗? Do you like music? 17.如果我是你, 我会跟他在一起. If I were you, I would stay with him. 18.面对困难,一定要保持冷静. When facing difficulty, you should keep calm. 19.最终,他梦想成真. At last, his dream came true. 20.你所说的听起来很有道理.
1.这部以真人真事为原型的电影很感人。(base) 2.众所周知，知识始于实践。(begin) 3.一直要想方设法讨好老板，真让我厌烦。(bore) 4.这个获胜者冈她的画而获得了一等奖。(award) 5.做志愿者的经历让我受益匪浅。(benefit) 6.无论你到何处，都要牢记在心：人国问禁，人乡随俗。(bear) 7.一些减肥广告已经在电视上停播了。(ban) 8.人们普遍认为吸烟有害健康。(It．．) 9.显而易见，这个国家的人每时每刻都可喝到新鲜牛奶。(available) 10.昨天发生的事怪不得孩子们。(blame) 11.由于大雾，从上海飞往北京的航班延误了近两小时。(because of) 12.正要付钱的时候，我的信用卡不见了。(when) 13.那本蓝封面的词典不是我的。(belong) 14.我想你不是很清楚这对我有多重要。(aware) 15.这部历史小说引人人胜，我简直爱不释手。(bear) ． 16.他从图书馆借了一些参考书而不是侦探小说。(borrow) 17.过了许多年这一秘密才被泄露出来。(before) 18.我尽量避免遇到他，冈为他总是使我厌烦。(avoid) 19.你最好不要玩火，会伤到自己的。(or) 20.每一种药物都有副作用，对健康可能造成损害。(bad)
21.听到那一激动人心的消息，我情不自禁地大哭起来。(burst) 22.做幼儿同老师需要极大的耐心。(call) 23.恐怕他们遇到交通堵塞了。(catch) 24.作为班上的尖子学生．她有能力解答这些数学题。(capable) 25.现在年轻人所缺乏的，不是书本知识，而是实践经验。(not．．but) 26.父母双方必须对养育子女承担同等的责任。(bring) 27.她的计划听上去很好，可是我们实施起来将困难重重。(carry) 28.上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。(catch) 29.如果您方便的话，今晚我想去您府上拜访。(call) 30.这位作家专心致志于写作，以致忘了自己重病在身。(bury) 31.她不在乎报酬，对她来说重要的是她的实验。(care) 32.我会待在宾馆．以防有电话。(in case) 33.警方正在竭尽全力查明火灾的导凶。(cause) 34.他不仅意识到了自己的弱点，而且想克服它。(not only．but also) 35.救援队在地震发生后不久就设法赶到了那里。(break) 36.为了承担得起出国的费用，你无论怎样节俭都是不过分的。(cannot．too) 37.在空调房间待太久会使人生病。(cause) 38.小心点．别从车上摔下来。你才刚学会骑车。(careful) 39.除了等待进一步通知，我们别无他法。(but) 40.不要打扰James，他正忙于学校音乐会的操练。(busy)
动词和动词短语的含义之多会令考生感到无所适从，高考常涉及对熟词新义的考查，对考生提出了新的要求，也体现了课本与高考的差距。因此在学习过程中，我们一定要做到： 1．对词汇短语的学习不应局限于课本所出现的含义，要注意一词多义以及从本义向引申义的扩展。 2．平时要留心积累。处处留心皆学问，要善于从熟悉的单词或短语中发现“风景”。 3．要备有一本实用的词典，最好是英汉双解的，并做到“勤查广记”，争取做到“磨出一手老茧，翻烂一本词典”。 4．注意词的各种含义间的渗透和连贯。 该部分常考的命题形式： (1)动词词义的辨析 (2)动词短语的用法及区别，常考的形式有： ①同一动词＋不同介词/副词 ②不同动词＋同一介词/副词 ③兼而有之 (3)单个动词与短语动词放在一起的具体运用 (4)动词或动词短语后的结构，以及由动词构成的习语和惯用法 热点题型一几组常见动词的辨析 例1、【2018·江苏】22. Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might _______ the things they see. A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate 【答案】C
【变式探究】[2017·江苏卷] A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help ________your year ahead. A．shape B．switch C．stretch D．sharpen 【提分秘籍】 1．表示转变的系动词 是指表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果的系动词。这类系动词有：become，get，grow，turn，go，fall，come，prove等。使用时要注意： (1)become，get，grow，turn，go都可作“变”解，但有细微的差别：become，get通常表示变化后的最终结果，可指向好的方面转变，也可指向坏的方面转变；get比较口语化，become还可接名词(可与冠词连用)； grow强调逐渐变化的过程；turn后接单数名词，并不可与冠词连用；go多指向坏的方面转变，可能是永久性的或难以扭转的。如： ①It becomes clear that people who snore always fall asleep first. 事实已清楚，打呼噜的人总是先睡着。 ②Potatoes are going bad in the soil because of such bad weather. 由于坏天气，马铃薯烂在地里了。 ③He has turned traitor to his motherland. 他成了祖国的叛徒。 ④As its population grows larger，the world seems to grow smaller. 随着人口的增多，世界似乎在逐渐变小。 (2)注意这类系动词的固定搭配： go：go bad(变坏，烂掉)；go wrong(出毛病)；go hungry(挨饿)；go mad(发疯)；go hard(变硬)；go red/white/blue(变红/白/青) fall：fall ill(病倒)；fall asleep(睡着)；fall silent(沉默下来)；fall due(到期)；fall short of(不够；达不到)