IDP testee R&D –Version
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d717919394.html,/zhangchixin
make one’s debut
10 taboos
Flow chart
（随笔分类）
雅思写作互动及欣赏区
新闻“报”料
雅友大联盟
Y147
Full…archive 显示所有文章
回家复习计划
必下载文件：
张驰新雅思资料最权威下载
小新课堂笔记version 9.0
雅思回家复习计划ppt——置顶的最后一个贴雅思论据大汇总(2 句)
be scattered with
雅思必备200句（保6分）
It is acknowledged that （5 句）
Routine Rubric 常项题型
Seldom Rubric 偷袭题型
Insight Into IELTS
make one’s debut
Process=Flow chart Compare—summarize 共性Contrast—analyze 个性
sterilize deshape
rocket plummet
soar slump
surge subside
boom ebb
creep up creep down
accrue abate
leap dip
rally retrieve
dormant
整数单位
程度副词每栏掌握两个
Task 1的3种基本句型
mildly
surge= rise moderately
soar=rise sharply
绝对描述系统verb（天龙八部）
相对描述系统junk verb +adverb
A: rise sharply/maximally
B: rise comparatively gently
D: rise gently/minimally
C: rise comparatively sharply
B2: rise sharply
A2: rise comparatively sharply
more less 绝对性副词
perfect
10，100，1000，
accrue=rise gradually and gently
leap=rise smoothly and sharply
起落同幅rise and fall evenly
60%= three-fifths// three out of five
= a/the majority of
= a large/striking/dominant/leading portion/part/share/proportion/percentage/margin of
>80% （93%）= a lion’s share
5%= a minority of, a marginal/micro/slim/tiny/small-scaled/meagre portion
37.8%= maximum/comparatively a majority of （<50%的最大值）
comparatively a minority of WRONG
7.3%
87%/76%/53%
饼图的三句万能句型
1）数据+抄题+导入宾语Band 5
2）主语+“占据”（先特征，后数据）Band 6
3）剩余数据Band 7(Combo)
“占据”的讲法：
a)constitute
b)make up
c)be the factor(s)/instrument(s) of 致成物
the remaining a.
the remainder n.
the remnant n.
in the charge of – sb
due to//owing to//attributed/ascribed to//for//oriented to—sth
Pie Chart的审题过程：
1.看文字信息
2.标题审题标1\2\3
2>1>3
2:极端数据及其周围（与之接近）数据
1:一般数据
3:落单数据
例4:
Food and drink, Other items cover ed comparatively a majority of the Average weekly expenditure, with 26% and 24% respectively.
Task 1的时态：
1）现在时——无时间
2）过去时——过去时间
3）将来时——将来时间
●从过去到将来——现在时
两种禁忌时态：
1）现在完成时（描述阶段）
Since 1970, there has been a large increase.
2）现在进行时
On the other hand, Recreation and education, Clothing accounted for a small portion of the expenditure, with 17% altogether.
●“累加”的写法：
totaling 17%//amounting to 17%//adding up to 17%//with a total of 17%//equaling 17%
When added up, they amount to ___
19% of the expenditure was shared by Housing and power. Furthermore, the remaining 14% was due to Transport and communication.
两个图写作顺序：
1）先写一个，另一个再比
2）直接联动
红书P78:
for a tiny share, with only 1%. Furthermore, 28% altogether of the energy was shared by Oil and Hydro. The remaining 24% was due to Natural Gas.
1）In 1980, the percentage of Coal increased/crept up by 4%//to 51%.
2）There was an increase/creeping-up of 4% in the percentage of Coal.
3）We can witness…
4）The year of 1980 witness ed/reflected…
5） A outnumber/ outpercentage B by…
A比B大3000.
A outnumbers
B by 3000.
A: Coal in/of 1980
B: that in 1970=its counterpart对等物
eg. Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 4 percent.
Coal was the biggest/leading//predominant/outstanding/striking instrument among its counterpart s.
while Nuclear rocketed by 10 times.
the percentage of Nuclear was 11 times//eleven-fold that of its counterpart
“倍数的讲法”参考红书P58-60
There was an increase of 10 times in Nuclear.
We can witness…
The year of 1980 witnessed…
Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 10 times
Oil almost remained stable.
There was a decrease of 4% in the percentage of Hydro. In addition, the year of 1980 witnessed a slump of 9% in Natural Gas. What is worth mentioning is Oil was almost morose during the decade.
Through the charts, we can easily draw the conclusion that the new source of energy, particularly Nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached their bottleneck/ceiling to some extent.
两个图的写作原则：3+5
第一张图——3句万能句型
第二张图——涨/跌/平的比较，5个数据
2涨+2跌+（1平）
数据很多的时候：
第一张图分三种情况：
最大的——2号句型
最小的——1号句型
中间的——3号句型
破纸P2
1.84% and
2.10% are shared by... The remaining percentages are in moderation, with 5.53% for , 7.4% and 9.35% respectively.
increase max:
min Social Science
●三个以上图的写作原则
直接联动（曲线图写作模式）
line chart
连词、副词连接
顺接：furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, next, in the following, what is worth mentioning（值得一提的是）, what is interesting, what should not be neglected(不能忽略的是), last, on the other hand, meanwhile
转折：while, on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, what is so different is
Line Chart
●形态划分法——最简单的图
●点位划分法——较复杂的图
●水平划分法——极其复杂的图
●比较划分法——两根曲线
Para 2:总分句
All trends(动态)/statistics(静态)/charts(多图) can be categorized/classified into ____ stages(时间)/groups(无时间)/types(多图) with (―general‖ trends or characteristics).
●general=junk words
2 groups with predominance of Humanities in 1990 and 1994 and predominance of Business in 1996, 1998 and 2000. Applied subjects
with fluctuating from Jan to June, rising sharply from June to Aug, falling sharply from Aug to Oct and rising gently from Oct to Dec.
with fluctuating from Jan to Jun, rising from Jun to Aug, Oct to Dec, falling from Aug to Oct.
with fluctuating gently from Jan to Jun and fluctuating sharply from Jun to Dec.
点位划分法：
with fluctuating evenly and gently from Jan to Jun and fluctuating evenly and sharply from Jun to Dec.
●Specific Description:
用天龙八部和句式变换来描述
Version One:
It fluctuated within a small range from Jan to June. Then it soared, reaching a peak at 3000 in Aug and slumped, bottoming out at about 1250 in Oct. Finally, there was a boom/rally till the end of the year.
Version Two:
Harry’s annual sales of hamburgers were volatile slightly during the first half year, followed by leaping till its zenith at 3000 in Aug. We can witness a sudden slump to Oct, echoed by booming till Dec.
Creative Writing
―Band 9‖ Version
图表系统结合文字系统
the
Back to the people watching TV, most of them watched TV from 5 pm to 12 am. The trend almost rose and fell evenly with sharp rise and fall. 8 in the evening was the peak hour for people to watch TV. Furthermore, after 3 am, less than 5% of people would listen to radio or watch TV.
What is worth mentioning is that 8 am and 8 pm are the peak hours for people to listen to radio and watch TV respectively. 单线描写
红书P71
All statistics can be categorized into 2 stages with the popularity of cinema from 1957 to 1960 and the popularity of TV from 1960 to 1974.
As to/As for/In terms of/In respect of/In aspect of/In regard to/Concerning the curve of cinema admissions, it dipped from 1957 to 1960, followed by subsiding in the following/next 6 years. We can witness a trend of ebbing till 1972. In the end, there was an abating to its bottom at about 90 in 1974.
P72
All statistics can be categorized into 3 stages with the equilibrium均势of/in the birth and death rates in the first decade of the 20th century, the predominance of birth rate in the following two decades, and the predominance of death rate from 1930 to 1970(in the consecutive 40 years).
As to the birth rate, stabilization in the first ten years was followed by leaping to its zenith at 60 per thousand in 1920. We can witness a clear slump to almost one-third of the zenith in 1940. The next 20 years reflected an even rise and fall. Finally it abated to the trough in 1970.
Contrary to the birth rate, the death one continued to creep down after the overlapping period till 1930, when a rally was shown between 1930 and 1940. Fortunately, fewer people died in the rest years, with ebbing to the nadir in 1970. What is worth mentioning is that both birth and death rates reached the bottom level in 1970.
As to death rate, it abated from 1900 to 1930, followed by soaring to its peak at 5% in 1940. We can see an ebbing till 1970.
In the respect of birth rate, the first decade witnessed stabilization, followed by leaping to its peak/zenith at nearly 6% in 1920. It slumped to 2% in 1940 and rose and fell evenly in the next two decades. Finally it had the similar trend with its counterpart, death rate.
Sample Topic 13
All charts can be categorized into 2 types with absoluteness type for Full-time males and Part-time females and alternation type for Full-time females and Part-time males.
概括描写（不同趋势、句型导入）
The trend of 1973 fluctuated within a large range.
So did the trend of 1993
作业：
1）红书P78 3+5
2）破纸P2 3+5
3）破纸P3 分线描写
4）红书P72 分线描写
5）复习“天龙八部”
TABLE
表格的描述顺序是以时间（趋势）作为主线，非时间作为辅线（一句话）
极端数字举例法
范围法
平均值举例法
类比法
反比法
basically soar except in 1995
crept down to 1995 and rallied till 1998
All trends can be categorized into 2 groups with fluctuating in Holiday, Visits to friends and relatives, Other reasons, TOTAL and rising in Business.
TABLE
23, 37, 41, 57, 63
47，53，42，46，58
Holiday: basically soar Extreme
Business: boom Range
Other reasons: rise and fall evenly Average
TOTAL: Similarity
13, 24, 27, 35, 43
47, 56, 42, 49, 57
4，7，11，16，23
45，56，60，76，86
Omnipotent 万能法①/②
Rare ③
Frequent④/⑤
32，36，46，53，57
33，37，47，54，59
类比的四种句型：
This is the similar/identical case with…
This is true of …
So does…
This can be paralleled with …
反比的三种句型：
This is the opposite with…
This is converse/reverse with …
This is contrary to …
无序（无规律）数据用1/2，甚至不举（看字数需要）
Technical Table (随意选取栏目)
Strategic Table (Screening甄别；筛选)
红书P73
●一定要写的项目：√
●说明公司：
What is worth mentioning is that Other items, not making its debut until 1977, remained constant from 1977 to 1996.
Sample Topic 11:
趋势编号：
1，2，2，2
All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with rising in Agriculture of Britain, Computer Industry and Finance of China, fluctuating in Computer Industry, Finance, Manual Labour of Britain and Manual Labour of China, and falling in Agriculture of China.
1980, Others and Housing accounted for the comparatively a majority of the expenses, with 35% and 25% respectively. 28% altogether was shared by Food and Medical. Furthermore, the remaining 12% was a tiny portion occupied by Entertainment and Savings. In the aspect of 1985,
表格题的类型：
Dynamic Table（有趋势）
Static Table（无趋势）
纯比较——用多种语法形式来变换
BAR CHART
柱状图的本质——其它三种题型用柱子来表示。
Sample Topic 2
本质：
1）三张饼图
2）四根曲线图
All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with fluctuating in bus, rising in car and falling in bike and foot.
3）3X4 的表格题
This was the similar case with the trend of foot.
总结：
题型本质上分为两种——动态图和静态图
动态图最好用曲线图（All trends +天龙八部）的整体写作模式
静态图则是静态表格（纯比较）的写作模式
柱状图的要求：
1）充分的比较（共性）和对比（差异），文字性的部分可以多一点，不必局限在每一种题型的要求上。2）语法要求较高：对于主语的要求和句式的多样性（60%的柱状图为静态图）
柱状图是静态图比例最高的题型
静态图的分类：
一个饼图
表格题（30%）
柱状图（60%）
●是
●多/差…
●倍数
3）对于隐藏特征的开发（适用于所有类型的图）
Task 1高分的关键：
变换多端的wording和句式、体系
清晰宏观的分类(ALL TRENDS)
有力得体的隐藏特征(HC)
隐藏特征：隐藏在数据背后的客观性事实。
隐藏——不明显，有别于主体段(body)的内容
客观性事实——有数据支持的现象，不同于个人观点
结尾段：
How to seek HC?
1)issue of ―percentage‖
>100% Some people choose several reasons for study.
<100% There exist some other factors/reasons unlisted/unmentioned.
avocations副业moonlight兼职
Some people were engaged in several industries//Some people had their avocations while others were engaged in other industries unmentioned.
2)―abnormal‖ statistics（图表文字中出现一/几组反义词）
compare and contrast to locate the facts contrary to social belief and common sense
Ordinary:
1.Men earn more than women
2.Graduates earn more than non-graduates
3.Different trends and peaks for different genders
1）Men: leap till the end of 40s and boom with the peak at ￡650 in 50s
2）Women: basically volatile slightly after a sharp increase after 24 years old. The peak salary is nearly half of their counterpart
HC:
1.Men non-graduates basically earn more than those women graduates.
2.Since the gap of salary between graduates and non-graduates becomes wider and wider upon age, it
indicates the fact that qualifications are important for people’s salary.
3)―debut‖ statistics(Bar & Table)
not make its debut until (year)
Other items didn’t make its debut until 1977.
4)Fixed future trends or characteristics
people’s living standard has been greatly improved
people lived a better-off life
红书P78:
The new source of energy, especially nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached the bottleneck/ceiling to some extent.
万能Opening:
Opening的四要素：
As is shown/displayed/revealed/ in the （1）图的类型（图与图之间没有联系的加respectively）, the （2）图的单位
1）fluctuate/rise/fall—趋势种类=1
2）vary—趋势种类〉=2(Table)
3）differ—静态图，无趋势
（4）(图的时间)
1）from…to…
2）during…and…
3）in …
不用写总分句的情况：
1）所有饼图
2）静态图（没有特征）
commuter
白书P7:
All statistics can be categorized into 3 groups with majority, minority and moderation.
红书P82
The number of employees with different degrees
the changes of educational backgrounds of the employees of a company
红书P72
As is revealed in the line chart, the number of birth and death rates per thousand population in a developing country varied dramatically from 1900 to 1970.
What is obvious is that（明显特征）
As is displayed in the table, the figure of Underground Railway Systems including Date opened, Kilometers of route and Passengers per year in six cities differed.
不用写总分句的情况：
1）所有饼图
2）曲线既没有相交且趋势相同
3）所有静态图且没有特征变化
主体段大致段落要求：
1）一般有几个图写几段，不同类型一定要分段。
2）流程图一张图写一段。
多图之间没有联系不用写总结段。
What is obvious is that
小作文段落数
Min=3
Max=4
1-2month 10 pieces
2-3months 15 pieces
>3 months 20 pieces。
白书&破纸&红书>剑桥>博客
Task 1 *40%+Task 2 *60%~
77
6.5 7 6.8 7
7 6.5 6.5
6 7 =6.6 6.5
7 6.5 =6.7 6.5
7 6 =6.4 6.5
6.5 6 6
7 7 6.5 6.5 25
出题部分最后一句话为写作指令句
Rubrics:
1)Discursive 50%
2)Agree or Disagree 20%
3)PRR(Why + What) 25%
4)A&D 5%
5)Combo
What are the reasons for moonlight of teenagers? Is it a positive or negative trend?
What ways could mobile phone and the Internet be useful to old people? How do old people be encouraged to use this new technology?
Discursive:
1)To what extent do you agree (or disagree)
2)How far do you agree (or disagree)
3)What’s your opinion towards the statement
4)Discuss both opinions/statements (and give your own one)
5)Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Discursive的写法：
1.单边同意一个观点
2.单边反驳一个观点
3.两个观点一起论述，在开始就给出自己支持的观点，支持观点可以多写一点（有倾向性7:3）。
4.同时论证两个观点，表示中立。（无倾向性5:5）
Discursive段落数：
1+2(A)+1(B)+1=5 双边写法（有侧重点）
*A表示你支持的观点
*B表示你不重点支持的观点
1+1(A)+1(B)+1=4 中立写法
Agree or Disagree
Which opinion do you prefer to?
段落数：
1+2(3)+1=4(5) 单边写法
Agree
Disagree
Impartial/ neutral towards
1）Argumentative论证型
argument, logic, reasoning
Argumentation depth
Reason : Recom=6:4 or 5:5
PRR段落数
1opening+2 reasons+ 1recom+1ending=5para
A&D 中立文章的写法
1+2(A)+2(D)+1=6
A: Advantage
D: Disadvantage
Illustrative 说明型
detailization
paraphrasing supporting width
2)Topic sentence (simple and potent)
3)Supporting sentences (>3)
4)Minor example or evidence(<=2)
5)Flow-back sentence
P36
变化多端的词汇和句型
宏观清晰的分类
掷地有声的隐藏特征
从句至少两句以上，词汇永远不重复
合情合理的情节加拿捏分寸的语气
清晰的格式再加上具体的解决方案，减少套话Task 1x40% + Task 2x60%=6
6+5=5.5
6+7
7+7
7+6
6+8
8+6
1. Discursive/Agree or disagree
The progress of ______ is irresistible and irrefutable. What acts as the Pandora’s box is whether ________________. From my point of view, _____________________.
educational proficiency.
2.PRR
The progress of ______ is irresistible and irrefutable. Despite the versatility 多样性and complexity 复杂性of the reasons, I would pore over分析the most significant ones and (offer the alternatives 解决方案in the following).
3.A&D
Since ______ is a double-edged sword 双刃剑, I would highlight 强调the co-existence 共存of the pros 好处and cons坏处of _______. In my opinion, both sides can hold water站得住脚.
Remarking Criteria:评分标准
AIE 4 5 6
C Q 5 67
VSS 6 7 8
达到6分的基本条件：
1）审题不偏题——观点必须切中细分主题(specific topic)
Idea:必须切中文章的Specific Topic
Topic: 1st sentence
Specific Topic: 2nd sentence
Broad Topic:球
Topic—computer
Specific topic—personal communication, socializing
Broad topic—Science and Technology
Topic——television
Specific topic—education for children
Broad topic—Science and Technology & Education
Topic——Littering
Specific topic—Waste disposal
Broad topic—Infrastructure
Arguments三宗罪
1)redundancy 累赘，冗余
2)sequence disorder(lack coherency)
From physical to mental
Body
Material
3)parallelism 平行架构
如何做OUTLINE？
solution 3 minutes
1)brainstorming 1.5min >5
2)combination 0.5 min
3)reorganization 0.5min
Benefits of World Expo to uni-students:
1) increase opportunities for students to be volunteers
2) know advanced technology from different civilizations
3) motivate us to learn foreign language
4) broaden their horizons
5) experience for career development
6) job opportunities
Benefits of cancelling Long Holiday
1) saving expenses
2) good for business
3) more concentrated to work after holiday
4) frequently moderate oneself
5) beneficial for environment of resorts
6) avoid traffic congestion
The benefits of appreciation of RMB:
1) cheaper to buy things from abroad
2) get profits through speculation on the foreign exchange market
3) beneficial for studying or traveling abroad
4) good for imports
5) build up the image of rising China
Comparative advantage of overseas studiers:
1) broaden your horizons
3) consolidate independence
4) earn more money
5)more diversified culture combination
6) better communicational skill
7) open mind
Benefits of May(Labor Day) Holiday：
1) get relaxation and entertainment
2) more time to travel
3) increase national income
4) more consumption
5) more consistent studying
6) more time to spend with family
Benefits of Valentine’s Day:
1)improve relationship of lovers
2)stimulate domestic needs
3)get relaxed
4)increase chance of marriage
5)emphasize the importance of real love
6)easy to eat chocolate
7)converge into international culture
Benefits of studying abroad under financial crisis:
1)preferential studying policies
2)more bright future for employment
3)release current unemployment
4)learn experience from developed countries
5)low studying expense
6)stimulate the boom of economy
Benefits of being a star:
1) become rich immediately
2) be famous
3) improve social status
4) be more influential
5) more resources attained
6) be adored by fans
7) go travel easily
8) do charity
9) enrich their experience
10) being president
1）prepare IELTS test
2）improve comprehensive English
3）get further study
4）kill time
5）make friends
6）cultivate your endurance
7）complete mission
Benefits of Financial Crisis:
1) low studying expense
2) understand more of the problems existing in economic system
3) strengthen national unity
4)promote international cooperation
5)more comfortable traveling environment
6)more reasonable investment
1) improve economic restructuring
2) save life expense
3) beneficial to environment
4) bridge some loopholes in economy
5) another economic boom
6) low-expenditure need stimulated
Drawbacks of Spring Evening:
1) stay up late
2) programs are traditional, repetitive
3) cannot meet the taste of the audiences
4) too many advertisements
5) clothes are luxurious
6) harmful to digestion
3)有论据和例子，论据比例略大于例子
Pros of studying weekday:
1) systematic study
2) more energetic and efficient
3) more time for reviewing
5) more safety
6) more time for weekends
Pros of studying abroad under the circumstance of global financial crisis:
7)lower studying expense
8)shun competition/dilemma in job application
9)life expenses lessen
10)easier to get offer/visa
11)setback education
Benefits of studying in Songjiang:
1) convenient traffic
2) study with your friends
3) communicate with your peer
4) tranquil and peaceful
5) study with no G
Benefits of studying abroad during economic recession:
1) comparatively low cost
2) avoid employment recession
3) lessen applying competition
4) know the specific economic recovering solutions
5) easy to get visa
6) setback education
AQ
Reasons of studying in Songjiang:
12)relatives are free
13)near the residence
14)cool in Aug
15)parents are boss.
16)suitable for preparation
17)only available in the period
18)convenient for eating
19)balance your life rhythm
Benefits for Olympic Gold Medalists:
1)establish one’s position in the country
2)display the strength of national sport
3)improve self-confidence
4)get a lot of money(bonus)
Listening 1.开头——复习+主旨 例外：①课堂复习——不考标志过去时态 开始标志：now,today，OK，while ②教师道歉 ③归纳法开头，先给出例子，再给出结论--记例子主体&论点 2.结尾——推断+细节 3.注意重复细节与观点 4.举例——记例子主体，注意提示词 5.定义解释——其中关系 6.注意可以停顿 7.注意课堂引导词——remember now OK while imagine today 8.授课中问答 9.因果关系 10.听清层次——firstly secondly... 11.注意转折 12.Listen again 专业术语不变避免原词重复 Speaking notes Q1&Q2 To start with I believe most of people would choose... However i would like to choose... today i have two arguments to supports to support my idea. Today i mainly have one important argument to back up my idea Take me for example... For instance... For example Furthermore what's more
To summarize to conclude all in all Based on the two points i have already mentioned ...will always be my choice... Q3 1.The school wants/plans to do The school policy is... The school wants to carry out a policy which is... 2.sb suggests/advises that the university should (stop) do... 3.In the conversation，the man disagrees，and he has two points In the listening material，the man agree with the policy because of the following reasons... 4.First，the school think，however the man think... Second... Based on the two points the man disagree. Q4 In this set of material，the reading passage introduce a theory/principle/definition...which means(suggests) that... In the lecture，the professor uses/gives us/provides us/offers us one/two examples to explain/illustrate/demonstrate/clarify this theory. The first is about... The second is ... Q5 1.time conflict ①to find sb else to replace/take place of you to find sb to help him
雅思作文笔记 不要超时，超时会被记违纪。作文设置半分让小作文的重要性变强了。 图表题：table, line graph, bar chart, pie chart, process diagram/flow chart, map （比较不同图表，找出联系和区别。） 一．高分图表题的三个关键特征: 1.客观性（objectivity）：与大作文最显著的区别，不要有你主观想像的成分，即使是结尾的总结， 也是让你就图形的特征做总结，而不需要你是猜想，推断。 2.准确性（accuracy）：数据不能抄错，不能准确判断的数字，要用about/around/just over/just under/roughly/ approximately，千万注意数据的单位，特别是有millions ，thousands 这些单位的时候。 3.详尽性（thoroughness）：一是要突出重点，抓住四类特征数据，最大值(maximum),最小值 （minimum），intersection（交叉点）和变化趋势（trend）；二是在时间允许的情况下，尽可能多的介绍数据，但不必全部都介绍，还是要把握数据特点。 二．图表作文的写作步骤： 1.理解题目 2.浏览图表的文字信息 3.浏览图表的数字信息 4.确定文章结构（主要是主体段的结构分类和描述数据的顺序） 5.开始写作 图表的文字信息要先看，因为比数据重要，没有文字数据没有意义。文字信息包括图表的标题(heading),标注（label），度量单位（dimensions，measurement units），和注解（annotation），要弄清楚坐标轴数据代表的信息） 三．如何确定文章的结构 1．开头和结尾必不可少 2．基本原则是有几个图写几段 3．但碰到图形一致的时候要注意分类 4．表格题可以按纵轴段也可以按横轴分段
一.雅思大作文的15大考察内容 考察频率最高专题： ? 1. 教育：儿童，中学，大学教育体制和方法 ? 2. 科技发展对生活的影响 ? 3.文化的组成因素和保护 ? 4.生活方式的转变和社会观念 ? 5. 全球化及其影响 ? 6. 环境问题和环境保护 ?7. 政府投资 考察次重点专题： ? 1. 艺术的价值 ? 2.媒体的作用 ? 3.广告的影响 ? 4.动物的保护和动物实验 ? 5.城乡差距和城市化 ? 6.犯罪 ?7.弱势群体：妇女的权利，妇女参军 ?8.体育 雅思写作错误检查表（10条） 1.使用了正确的语法结构：时态语态，主谓一致，从句，用词准确(名词，动词，形容 词的形式)，介词，冠词 2.句式有变化 3.使用了一定量的词汇 4. 拼写没有错误 5. 观点明确，语意精准不模糊 6. 每段主题句都表明了该段中心思想，所有拓展句支持句都紧扣主题 7. 大量的过渡性词语(逻辑连接词)，使句子间和段落间都具有逻辑性和条理性 8. 提供了足够的细节，例子或论据 9. 每一段话都得到充分展开 10. 每一段话都紧扣文章主题 如何应用： a.1347当做检查项目，其他当做考前提醒 b.时间紧，就改第一段和每段的前两句话 三.大作文首段基本写作策略---三步走 1.转述背景，扩展题目(setting/ background information )：把题目所提供的背景再用自 己的话拓展转述同义替换一下 题目：It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sports or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to be a good sports person or musician. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 考官写的开头段： The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sports, art or music. 2. 说明意图(statement of purposes)：
09.02.01 翻译 专八真题+散文佳作108篇 听力特快 普特听力网 互相英语 特点： 1.较正式的文体 2.只翻译划线部分（汉译英不用看，英译汉最好看完整） 3.人生哲理，道德教育 注意： 1.时间分配 2.书写工整 3.难点应对相对难点绝对难点 英语与汉语对比： 1.英语重结果， 汉译英要还原逻辑关系，还原结构 2.英语重直线，汉语重螺旋 English meat with Chinese bones. 3.语重分析，汉语重综合 还原逻辑词（重点） 4.英语多长句，汉语多短句 5.英语多被动，汉语多主动 6.英语多省略，汉语多补充 E.g. Ambition is the mother of destruction as well as of evil. 野心不仅是罪恶的根源，同时也是毁灭的根源。
7.英语多前重心，汉语多后重心重心前置 8.英语多写实，汉语多联想 9.英语多引申，汉语多推理 “但是”的区别意义： 让步：对推论的否定 转折：直接否定 虚度年华：spend life in vain 翻译时，加插入语处理是一个很好用的方法。实践注意点： 1.理解清晰 字面→实质 例如：冷若冰霜→icy manners to their fans 词语的逻辑关系： 1)偏正 2)动宾 3)并列 2.表达困难 1)拼写 2)时态 3)虚拟域去 4)表达突破 例如：若有所失→a vague sense of loss
如果考试中遇到难点，要灵活处理 上下义改写+同义词替换 2009.02.02写作 教育的目的： Adequate expertise fd Professional commitment Upright conduct Competent mental condition 经典写作模式 Agree or disagree? Introductory paragraph(不写题目) 1. general statement →背景交代 开头先写一个与主题思想相反的观点（以第三人称的方式） ◆多用大词（3个或3个音节以上） 大词含量10%＊400=40 Some /many /a number of people who think this view that……claim that…… Large /great /huge /certain/ considerable /infinite/tremendous /enormous /astronomical Hold /believe / insist / propose / assert/ maintain Idea /standpoint ◆实词要多样化variety
In sum, the first chart implies that the worldwide land declination majorly resulted from over-grazing while the second one depicts that Europe suffered most from this effect. Spending/ expenditure/ budget It is noted that …. It is also worth mentioning that … Interestingly,…有特征的其他数据 Turning to glass and paper, both experience a rising tendency during the 10-year period. To be more precise, glass recycled 13%, which was equal to that of paper in 1992. Then there was a sudden increasing trend in the former to approximately 50%, which overtook/ outnumbered the latter, with roughly 40%. There are some reasons for the phenomenon. To begin with, lacking sense of protecting our setting serves as the major factor. For most ordinary people, they are convinced that it is government’s responsibility to take action to preserve the earth and the environment. Moreover, government in most countries focuses too much on economic development instead of paying enough attention to the environment. That is to say, people are busy making money with the scarify of destroying the setting.
常用万能句型： 1、Nothing has received more praise and abuse than something 译文：没有什么能像…这样毁誉参半。 2、There is no doubt that 译文：毫无疑问 3、The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子 译文：之所以…主要在于 4 、So + 形容词+ be + 主词+ that + 句子（如此…以至于…） 译文：如此…因此 5、It is conceivable that + 句子 译文：可想而知 6 、Leave much to be desired 译文：…远不能令人满意 7、The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that 译文：造成该现象的最主要原因在于 8 、A is to B what C is to D 译文：A 对于B 就恰如C对于D 9 、There are probably many reasons contributing to this phenomenon 译文：造成该现象的原因有许多。 10、When it comes to ……， 译文：一谈到… 11、No one can deny the fact that…
译文：没有人能否认 12、To be sure, the topic concerning ……can always attract our eyes 译文：无疑，有关…话题总是能够引起人们的关注 13、Never has …failed to fascinate us in modern society 译文：在当代社会…总是能够引起人们的关注 14、Simply put,… 译文：简而言之， 15、It is no overstatement to say that 译文：可以毫不夸张地说 16、…is a good case in point 译文：…就是一个绝佳的例子 17、People assume different attitudes towards this issue 译文：人们对该问题的观点不一而同。 18、As is widely-accepted,… 译文：众所周知， 19、To conclude,… 译文：总之， 20、Nothing is further from the truth than this opinion 译文：没有任罕菊净种说法比这种观点更加荒唐了。 21、There is an element of truth in both opinions 译文：这两种观点都有其可取之处。 22、Another consideration in this case is that…
托福写作圣经： 1.写作的第一要务是把观点表达清楚；（就是解释） 2.习作考试不基于考试的真实身份；（可以作假，真情实感没有任何意义） 3.写作考试只考察语言水平，不考察思想水平（unique, critical ideas mean nothing） 4.写作考试不测试考生的真实想法； 5.写作是基于表达，而不是基于翻译； 6.写作考试不同于平时写作； 7.写作内容和语言同等重要； 8.观点的层次比观点的数目更重要； 9.逻辑错误比语法错误更严重; 10.跑题就完蛋（finish egg）. “T he longer, the better.”------黄金规则 Use best structure and sentence Sentence: “我认为…………….” I feel/think/hold/claim/believe/deem/maintain/reckon/argue/assume that…………. In my opinion From my point of view From my perspective/angle As far as I am concerned I hold/share the opinion/belief/position/standpoint/idea that My viewpoint/belief/opinion is that……… As I see/view/perceive/ the problem/question/issue/case/discussion/argument/controversy……. 托福作文不需要标题 段落格式：缩行式，空行式 教材推荐： 俞敏洪：《托福词根》 张洪伟，戴云《托福词汇10000》 张道真，《实用英语语法》 戴云，《托福语法精要》 张洪伟，戴云《新托福写作词汇小伴侣》 句子训练方法 1.多种方法表达同一句意 e.g A 对B很重要 1) A is important to B
一、雅思写作炼段法则：分类思维写TS话题句及SI拓展句 注意：先写核心句，再写修饰句。先说重点，再说辅助 1 人群 Car is very convenient ●for businessmen: ●for the old ●for students ●for white collar 2 组成 Car is very convenient. ●The speed is very fast ●The space is huge to load the goods ●There are a lot of functions such as GPS…. 3 微观宏观 The discount of the air ticket is should be encouraged ●For individual: student/businessmen/travelers/ ●For the company: ladder up the fame ●For the nation: promote the economy 4 why/how/what Parent should teach kids to become good members of the society Why: first teacher/long time together How: set up example/taking out to experience more What: respecting the old/ diligence/good manners 二、争议类几种串联TS法则 几种问法 To what extent do you agree or disagree? Ambition is positive. ? Discuss both sides and give your own idea？ 万能对应模板： On the one hand, 正面观点(TS+SI自己的话拓展) Among the numerous advantages of 话题stands out 好处1名词---TS ………Besides 好处1 follows 好处2---TS ……. Accompanied what has been mentioned comes along 好处3---TS …… First, …. Second.. third On the other hand, 反面观点(TS+SI自己的话拓展) To begin with, 话题(sometimes) offers us/the public …坏处1 In addition, the society also witnesses a great deal of/number of 坏处2 by 话题Besides,
雅思写作完全攻略Total Solution of IELTS Writing 俞伟国 －2009－ 雅思考试作文部分题型 课时安排： Marking System Essay Writing Introduction Body Conclusion Structure Report Writing
(From Mat Clark) 近年雅思考试中国大陆考区作文部分得分情况Band4 or below: 15%-20% Band5: 60% Band6: 15%-20% Band7: <5% Band8 or above: Rare Key Language Features in Marking System Task Response: 1. No evidence of digression/irrelevant content 2. Adequate Words 3. Position + Supporting Ideas + Development Coherence and Cohesion 1.Logical overall structure 2.Topic Sentence 3.Cohesive devices Lexical Resource 1.Accurateness 2.Authentic Vocabulary (Less-common Vocabulary) 3.Variety Grammatical Range and Accuracy 1.Accurateness https://www.doczj.com/doc/d717919394.html,plex Sentence 3.Variety
欢迎光临俞老师的BLOG: Chapter One－Essay Writing 第一章. 议论文完全攻略 _______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ Part One－Introduction －闪亮开篇－ －Version 5.7－ Structure of Introduction 1. Background Information (1). Lead-in Sentence (Introduce the subject of the topic) (2). Public Opinion (State your position) 2. Statement1．主体背景（Background Information） (1) In the last century, the first man walking on the moon said: “It is a big step for mankind”. However, some people think it made ______________________________, when _______________________________________________________________ _ he time, the first for
新东方内容整理 7．11： Writing: A.托福写作主要是注重daily affairs,而不是political issues. 注重的是examples,而不是critical thinking and reasoning. 是低级写作，而不是高级写作。 注重vocabulary和sentence structure. B. score5： a．Effectively address the topic and task. b. well organized: Structure: Introduction Body1 Body2 Body3 Conclusion C. unity(切题)，progression(层次)，coherence(连贯，承接词) Firstly, . Theoretically speaking, . For instance, . Moreover, . Briefly, . d．Word choice, syntactic variety 词汇的转换： E.g. 好：good better best nice(低级) Excellent, perfect, （中级） Outstanding, brilliant, fantastic, awesome, remarkable, impressive, extraordinary, fabulous （高级）词组的转换：由低级结构向高级结构转化。 陈强调了由adj.+n.向n.+of+n.的转化。 E.g. A man of wisdom An individual of intelligence A man of respect A book of deep philosophy A magazine of good sales A flower of beauty Patriotism is the tree of liberty refreshed from time to time with the blood of tyrants and patriots. Thomas Jefferson It was the best of time, it was the worst of time; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of light, it was the season of darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. We have everything before us, we have nothing before us; we are all going direct to the heaven, we are all going direct to the other way.
雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总：媒体类 媒体类一： 1. paparazzi 狗仔队 2. mass media 大众媒体 3. entertainment 娱乐 4. journalism 新闻业 5. journal 期刊 6. the latest news 最新消息 7. exclusive news 独家新闻 8. news agency 新闻社 9. news blockout 新闻封锁 10. news censorship 新闻审查 11. freedom of the press 新闻自由 12. coverage 新闻报道 13. do reportage on …报导… 14. hit the headlines 上头条 15. issue 出版、发行 16. newsstand 报摊 17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 18. chief editor 总编 19. editorial 社论 20. newsworthy 值得报道的 21. barometer 晴雨表 22. the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 23. live broadcast 直播 24. quiz show 智力竞争节目 25. game show 游戏节目 26. variety show 综合节目 27. talk show 脱口秀 28. sitcom 情景喜剧 29. soap opera 肥皂剧 30. movie star 电影明星 31. movie king 影帝 32. movie queen 影后 33. affair 绯闻 34. celebrity 名人 35. fame 名声 36. rise to fame 声名鹊起 37. fan 粉丝 38. invade one's privacy 侵扰了…的隐私 39. misleading 误导性的 40. cheating 欺骗性的 41. popularity 知名度 42. scandal 丑闻 43. sensational 轰动的 44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的 45. imperative 重要的、必要的 46. audience ratings 收视率 47. propaganda 宣传 48. be abducted by 受…诱导 49. purify one's soul 净化心灵 50. live in virtual would 生活在一个虚拟世界中 51. be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨 大安慰 52. meet different tastes 满足不同口味 53. provide somebody with something 给…提供… 54. follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚 55. commit crimes 犯罪 56. be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想 象的 57. impressive 给人印象深刻的 58. right to know 知情权 59. in the disguise of …打着…的幌子 60. endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定 和安全 媒体类二（影视类） 1. information era 信息时代 2. keep one informed about something 使人们了解… 3. audience/viewers 观众 4. have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良 影响 5. information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会 6. influential 有影响的 7. revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底 改变了我们获取信息的方式 8. blessing 福 9. curse 祸 10. various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节 目 11. poor-quality programs 低质量节目 12. ever-accelerated 不断发展的 13. exaggerate 夸张 14. enjoyable 令人享受的 15. fashionable 时尚的 - 1 -
一、概括： 1.写作考试介绍： Time: 60mins 20mins TASK1 150words 40mins TASK2 250words 2.考试题型： TASK1 Process 和Introduction 题目罕见出现。 TASK2 I. Discuss Eg: 2005年7月9日 Some people think the government should pay for health care and education, but other people do not think it the government’s responsibility. Discuss both and give your opinion. II. Advantages and Disadvantages Eg: 2005年5月14日 Some school leavers go to travel or work for a period of time instead of going directly to university. What are the advantages and disadvantages for their studies? III. Agree or Disagree Eg: 2005年6月25日 People think that the news media has influenced people’s lives nowadays, and it is a negative development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? IV. Your Opinion Eg: 2005年3月5日 Some academic subjects are useful for children’s future career while others such as music and sports are not so useful. What is your opinion. Give your reasons. V. Problem, Reasons and Solutions Eg: 2005年1月22日 Statistics suggest that nowadays an increasing number of crimes are committed by the young people. Explain the reasons for this and give solutions. 二、小作文解析（T ASK 1）： 1．通用格式： ⑴OPENING—1SENTENCE--- A. Paraphrase 5W & B. Overall trend Ⅰ.Line phases Ⅱ.Pie classification Ⅲ.Bar the gap between A&B e.g. The graphs and charts tell us a clear overview of the characteristics and trends of…… It can be seen from the table that….. 详细见白书P6/下，“Referable IELTS Writing opening &writing” ●RULE 1： A.不可以抄题目 B.不可以写“According to ….”，只能写“In that figure….” C.不可以写“below/following” D.不可以写“that/this” E.第一段不出现数据
最新新东方听力笔记 概述： 一．雅思听力基本情况 可做任何标记。 分数段：12-18：4分19-24：5分25-30：6分 31-35：7分 36-38：8分39-40：9分根据难易要乘系数 二．两个误区 听懂核心词汇，掌握拼写。 极少考理解，多考记录信息点，所听即所得。 三．两个基本范围 1． survival english （社会生活，人际交往等） 2． academic english （学术类，教育类，热点话题） 四．问题 1．利用停顿时间抢读后面题目 2．直接书写答案 3．区分考试安排者声音，根据指导做题 4．手眼耳并用，听看写一体 五．雅思听力四大特点 1. 国际口音：（英、美、澳）（英音50%，澳20%，美20%，其他10%） 不利：习惯美音，不习惯英音，必须熟悉英音； 有利：新口音（大西洋口音，适于中国人）；动词短语不是考试重点（掌握一般程度：第一个意思即可），去掉了很多地域性的方言。 2. 四段叙述：1、3section是对话，2、4section是陈述，一般来说难度递增。 不利：a.不知道听力磁带和题目间如何建立关系——采用顺序原则(85%)：答案顺序和问题顺序一致。 b.无法集中注意力（听力中不包含问题，无法对大脑产生刺激）——改变听力学习习惯，练习时应聚精会神，忌跑神和恐慌。 有利：不是每句话都要听懂，应试图听懂每一句包含答案的句子（先看题，再猜答案，然后做题） 3. 边听边做： 不利：a.阅读量大——要求快速阅读（技巧+能力）——速读 b.写量大——要求手眼耳并用（加强听写能力，掌握四级单词听写） 有利：a.不考推理、总结、归纳题，主要考查细节，所听即所得。 4. 题型多样：10种题型 不利：不熟悉题型 有利：难度较低 六、听力应试策略 短期目标：1.紧扣9套题，十种题型，十种场景。 2.记补充的单词和地名。四级词汇(大学英语四级速听速记)。 3.精听六盘磁带。 中期目标：1.短期任务。 2.再做一点题。听力强化最新指南，雅思听力课外强化教程，英语中级听力（关于hotel/resta urant，news不听）。 3.背单词。 长期目标：1.加强发音以及听音的训练。 2.再做一些题目。
General Knowledge 注意： 1. 作文要有实质内容。 2. 6分：260~270个词左右；6.5分：280个词以上。 3. 没有必要一定写长难句，但要提高句子的准确度和多样性。必须在对英语造句知识准确理解和把握的基础上流畅地写出复杂的长句子，而不是刻意、机械地拉长句子。（准确、严密、多样、清晰） 4. 对于零星出现的少量拼写错误，只要不引起歧义，是不会导致严重扣分的，但要努力减少作文里出现拼写错误的可能。 5. 考场里没有时间打草稿，但可以在印考题的试题纸上把看到题目后头脑里闪现出的ideas、考前准备的相关加分词汇和句型大致记录一下。 6. 当考官要求停笔时即使还没有写完也一定要停下来，否则会被判为违纪行为。 7. 考前练习一定要尽可能模拟实战：下载标准格式的答题纸；用铅笔写作，每行10~12个单词；严格控制时间，Task 1不应超过25 min，Task 2不应超过45 min。备考初期，可将Task 1和Task 2分开练习，但在考前一周内，必须演练完整的写作考试全程，严格控制时间，写完后再核对或请有经验的老师批改。 8.
如果Task 2准备得较为充分，有信心在40min写出一篇自己满意的议论文，那么就先完成Task 2。反之，就先写Task 1。 9. 齐头式：每段开头顶格写，每两段之间空一行 缩入式：每段开头后退3~4个字母的距离，每个段落之间不空行 10. 可使用I/we、被动语态，但不宜滥用；可将But/So放在句首 11. 7分或以上的作文对于用词的要求是准确，而不是冗长 ?Topics ?学术类写作的特殊要求 1. 不接受缩写形式 2. 不使用非正式口语表达 3. 英美拼写不能混淆 4. 用词要有特色 5. 句式不能过于短促 6. 句式不能过于干瘪 7. 感情色彩不能过于强烈
Lesson 2: Introductions ---- Four types of questions 1. Discussion Some people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Topic- study in groups or alone Answer- sometimes better alone, usually better in a group People have different views about the effectiveness of group study as opposed to working alone. While there are some benefits to studying independently, I believe that group work is usually more productive. 2. Opinion Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Topic- community service for all teenagers Answer- 3 choice (agree, disagree, balanced opinion) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. (agree) I completely agree that this kind of scheme would be a good idea. (disagree) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. In my opinion, it would be wrong to force teenagers to do any kind of unsalaried work. (want mention both side) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. While I disagree with the idea of making such programmers compulsory, I do believe that voluntary community service could benefit young people. 3. Problem and solution Some people reoffend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem? Topic- criminals reoffend Answer- several reasons, a variety of measures (government, communities) It is true that punishments do not always deter criminals from committing more crimes. There are various reasons why offenders repeatedly break the law, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue. 4. Two-part question As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? Topic- job satisfaction Answer- several factors, unrealistic / impossible Work plays a central role in our lives, and we would all like to feel fulfilled professionally. While a variety of factors may lead to job satisfaction, it would be unrealistic to expect everyone to be happy at work.