高等学校英语应用能力考试语法结构（Structure）测试考生运用语法知识的能力。测试范围包括《基本要求》中的“词汇表”和“语法结构表”所规定的全部内容。本部分共有20小题，占总测试比重的15%，由Section A和Section B两部分组成，各有10小题，测试时间为15分钟。
Section A部分为单项选择题，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案，占总分值的5%，主要测试考生运用和掌握语法结构的能力和对书面表达语的理解和运用能力。Section B部分要求根据所给句子的结构和内容，写出括号里所给单词的适当形式。测试内容包括句法结构、词法、词形转换等，占总分值的10%。Section A语法结构部分的测试内容比较广泛，根据对历年A级试题分析，测试重点主要在非谓语动词（包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词，动词的时态及语态，形容词和副词的比较等级，虚拟语气，主谓一致，倒装句，复合句（名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句），句型结构等方面。
Section B填空题部分主要涉及词汇及部分语法知识，主要测试考生对词汇的实际运用以及对一些常见的前缀和后缀知识的掌握情况。根据《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》的要求，A级考生应掌握3400个英语单词以及由这些单词构成的常用词组和相应的同根词。
本教案将从以下十个语法知识点针对性地进行讲解：
1. 动词的时态和语态；
2.主谓一致；
3.倒装句；
4.情态动词和虚拟语气；
5.强调句；
6.反意疑问句；
7.定语从句；8.状语从句；
9.非谓语动词；10.名词性从句。
PRETCO备战系列一：
动词的时态和语态
主谓一致主谓一致
PRETCO备战系列三：
PRETCO备战系列四：
情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词
PRETCO备战系列五：
PRETCO备战系列六：
反意疑问句
反意疑问句: 在陈述句之后附上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出相反的疑问,这种疑问句叫做反意疑问句. 如前面陈述句部分是肯定式，后面问句部分一般用是否定式；如前一部分是否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式.前后两部分在人称，数及时态上通常保持一致. 如：You are a student，aren't you?(你是学生，对吗?)
*在祈使句后面用反意疑问句，要注意人称的变化。如：Go to the cinema，will you?
*在省略的感叹句后面，要注意主语的单复数。如：What fine weather，isn't it?
*陈述句部分的主语如是I，疑问部分要用aren't I.如: I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
*陈述部分用never，hardly，few，nothing,nobody,few,seldom,hardly,little等否定含义的词时，*疑问部分用肯定含义. 如: He seldom came here,did he?
*陈述句部分的谓语是used to时，疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't +主语.
如: He used to go to school at seven, didn't he? / usedn't he?
*陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
如: You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
*陈述部分有You'd like to +v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语.
如：You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
*主语是everyone，someone，anyone，no one等不定代词时，多用they 指代.
如：Everyone is here，aren't they?(所有的人都来了吗?)
*主语是everything，something，anthing，nothing时，用it 指代。
*省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。如: Don't do that again, will you? 注意Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
*陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。如: There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
PRETCO备战系列七：
定语从句
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”
是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。
Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus.
刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here.
制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。
The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.
他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia.
昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.
我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：