2009年10月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试欧洲文化入门试卷(课程代码10017)
III Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
(20 points, 2 points each)
31. According to Aristotle, how could people achieve happiness?
32. Why do we say that the year 27 B.C. divided the history of Rome into two periods?
33. What was the greatest contribution of Charlemagne?
34. How will you define the Reformation in the 16th century?
35. What did the Puritan principle emphasize?
36. What does induction-mean to Bacon?
37. What did romantic music stress?
38. According to Marx and Engels, how could Socialism berealised?
39. What is the novel to a naturalist?
40. What are the three functional parts into which Freud divided human personality?
IV. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET in around
40 words. (20 points, 5 points each)
41. Industrial Revolution
42. theCynies
43. the Beat Generation
44. Charles Dickens
V. Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic on the ANSWER SHEET. ( 10 points )
45. What are the differences between Hobbes and Locke on "social contract" ?
2010年10月高等教育自学考试北京市命题考试
欧洲文化入门试卷
第一部分选择题 (共40分2 points each)
1．The Romans conquered Greece in ．
A．146 B．C． B．500 B．C．
C．700 B．C． D．1200 B．C．
2．The playwright who contributed greatly to Greek tragic art was A．Sophocles B．Aristophanes C．Herodotus D．Homer
3．The greatest of Latin poets was
A．Horace B．Virgil C．Homer D．Cicero
4．Daniel was taken prisoner to after the fall of Jerusalem.
A．Egypt B．Persia C．Babylon D．Assyria
5．David was ．
A．a Hebrew king B．the boy who killed Goliath
C．the man who made Jerusalem the capital D．all of the above
6．In the formative period of feudalism, the bishops were themselves A．scholars B．hermits C．feudal lords D．knights
7．As a result of the Crusades，luxuries of the East poured into the West．They were
spices． perfume．hand．woven carpets and
A．tea B．Chinaware C．silk D．silverware
8．Martin Luther held that was the supreme authority．
A．the Church B．the Bible C．the Pope D．Jesus
9．Ophelia is a character in Shakespeare’s
A．Hamlet B．Othello C．Macbeth D．Merchant of Venice
10．The Reformation shattered Medieval Church’s stifling control over man．thus paving the way for A．economic development B．free thinking C．capitalism D．progress
11．Galile0，because he refused to compromise．was tried by
A．the College of Cardinals B．the Italian court
C．the Spanish court D．the Inquisition
12．To Newton，space and time are absolute，to Einstein，motion and space are ．
A．relative B．unlimited C．infinite D．1imited
13．“A Modest Proposal” was written by ．
A．Defoe B．Swift C．Diderot D．Fielding
14．Shelley called poets “the unacknowledged legislators of the world” in his
A．Prometheus unbound B．Defence of Poetry
C．1yrics D．Ode to the West Wind
15．Schumann stood as the typical example of the influence of upon music．
A．revolutionary ideals B．philosophy C．1iterature D．religion
16．According to Darwin，becomes a mechanism for evolutionary change．
A．natural selection B．process C．adaptation D．variation
17．Zola believed almost blindly
A．Social Darwinism B．Utopian Socialism
C．pragmatism D．scientific determinism
18．The writer who devoted himself to the novel of social condition in England in the 19 thcen- tury was ．
A．Thomas．Hardy B．William Makepeace Thackeray
C．George Eliot D．Charles Dickens
19．The contribution made by Pierre and Maris Curie is
A．the discovery of atomic nucleus B．the discovery of radium
C．the discovery of X—rays D．the discovery of relativity
20．To the New Novelists，plot，action，narrative，ideas and analysis of characters are
A．no longer important B．still very important
C．of equal importance D．none of the above
第二部分非选择题 (共60分)
PART TWO
II．In the foliowing part there are two columns．The left hand column consists of a list of names．The right hand column consists of a list of titles，names of organizations， works or remarks．Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding ti- tie，organization，work，or remark in the right hand column and put the number a or b or e in the bracket on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points，1 point each)
21．St．Jerome (a)“The die is cast．”
22．Schiller (b)LettresAnglaise
23．Keats (C)Mother
24．Francois Rabelais (d)Gargantua and Pantagruel
25．Walt Whitman (e)Fathers and Sons
26．Thomas Hobbes (f)Ode to a Nightingale
27．Corky (g)Leaves of Grass
28．Turgenev (h)the Vulgate
29．Julius Caesar (i)founder of modem German literature
30．Voltaire (j)author of Leviathan
III．Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions．Write your answer in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET．(20 points，2 points each)
31．Which are the most famous temples in ancient Greece?
32．What did Horace mean when he said．“Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive．”?
33．Why were Christians persecuted under the Roman Empire?
34．HOW shall we define the Catholic Church?
35．What made Italy lose its supremacy in world trade in the late l5th century?
36．What was Hobbes’s view of the nature of man?
37．What kind of a novel is Les Miserables7 ．
38．What did Kant try to reconcile in “Critique of Pure Reason”?
39．Why did literature become the voice of the people in Russia in the l 9 th century?
40．What are the major interests of new novelists?
IV．Explain each of the following terms in English．Write your answer in the corre
sponding space on the ANSWER SHEET in around 40 words．(20 points，5 points each)
41．Plato’s and Democritus’ views of the world
42．Noah’s Ark
43．John Wyclif
44．Mark Twain
V. Write between l00—120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)
45．What is the role of Turgenev in Russian literature?
2001年下半年北京市高等教育自学考试欧洲文化入门试卷
I. Multiple Choice (40%)
1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and eraotional upheaval.
A. Sophists
B. Cynics
C. Skeptics
D. Epicureans
2 _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."
A. Archimedes
B. Aristotle
C. Plato
D. Euclid
3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________
A. 395
B. 27
C. 1453
D. 476
4. The City of God was written by __璤_____, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought.
A. Jesus
B. Augustine
C. Thomas Aquinas
D. Martin Luther
5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word.
A. Michelangelo
B. Raphael
C. Shakespeare
D. da Vinci
6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.
A. Don Quixote.
B. Hamlet
C. leviathan
D. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief.
A. The Praise of the Folly
B. As You Like It
C. Divine Comedy
D. Utopia
8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West.
A. Machiavelli
B. Dante'
C. Bacon
D. Locke
9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.
A. Kepler
B. Galileo
C. Newton
D. Copernicus
10. During the _________ century, the modem scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and" experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization.
A. 18th
B. 15 th
C. 16 th
D. 17 th
11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."
A.. Isaac Newton
B. Francis Bacon
C. John Locke
D. Marx
12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material--theological, mythological, philosophical,political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.
A. Goethe
B. Defoe
C. Rousseau
D. Byron
13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?
A. Wordsworth
B. Shelley
C. Pushkin
D. Balzac
14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________.
A. the power of reason
B. individual freedom
C. spontaneity
D. love of nature
15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________.
A. Wordsworth
B. Keats
C. Pushkin
D. Shelley
16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.
A. Tchaikovsky
B. Chopin
C. Beethoven
D. Mozart
17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended __
A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evils
B. to give full play to the imagination of individuals
C. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraint
D. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"
18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?
A. Resurrection
B. War and Peace
C. Crime and Punishment
D. Anna Karenina
19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________.
A. democracy
B. the dignity of the individual
C. the idyllic way of life
D. the brotherhood of man
20. Modernism was characterized by ________.
A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventions
B. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relations
C. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formless
D. all of the above.
II. True - False (20%)
1. Once every five years, ancient Greeks had a big sports festival on Mount Olympus, which marked the beginning of Olympic Games.
2. The greatest names in Western philosophy are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, who were active in Athens in the 6 th century A. D.
3. The body of ideas the Greek philosophers expressed, and the variety of questions they raised about the nature of the world and of human thought, knowledge and conduct, "have had an abiding interest for later generations.
4. Christianity remained an object of oppression throughout the history of Roman Empire.
5. During the Medieval times there was no central government to keep the order; the only organization that seemed to unite Europe was the Christian church.
6. Calvinism stressed the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic church, holding that only those especially selected
by God will be saved.
7. According to Locke, once a representative is chosen by majority vote, his power is absolute.
8. The Declaration of the Rights of Man which was enacted by the English Parliament in 1689 established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy in England.
9. Descartes believed that thought was the foundation of all knowledge while the senses might deceive us.
10. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reason.
. Explain the Following Terms. (25 % )
1. PaxRomana
2. The Crusades
3. Gothic
4. Reformation
5. Social Darwinism
IV. Answer the Following Question. ( 15 % )
Why is Renaissance considered the departure from the Middle Ages and the beginning of modernity? 2004年欧洲文化入门试题
1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.
B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.
C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.
2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?
A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.
B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.
C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.
D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.
3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.
A. a religious book
B. literature
C. record of great minds
D. 'all of the above
4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.
A. a loosely organized religious institution
B. a highly centralized European organization
C. a highly centralized and disciplined international organization
D. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.
5. The Crusades were wars between __________.
A. the Arabs and the Christian Pilgrims
B. the Turks and the Christians in Western Europe
C. the Christians in Western Europe and the Moslems
D. the Arabs and the Turks
6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.
A. feudal hierarchy of society
B. divine power of feudal rulers
C. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulers
D. all of the above
7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.
A. What do I know?
B. I doubt therefore I think.
C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.
D. Only to stand out of my light.
8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.
A. discovered the Cape of Good Hope
B. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good Hope
C. explored the mouth of the Amazon
D. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti
9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?
A. l,aw of inertia.
B. Law of falting bodies.
C. Law of" relativity.
D. Law of universal gravitation.
10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.
A. the protection of private property
B. the upholding of free thinking
C. the abolishment of the rule of the church
D. regulation of economy
11. Which of the following is" not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution?
A. The substitution of water power for human power.
B. The introduction of machine.
C. The beginning of the factory system.
D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.
12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.
A. Voltaire
B. Rousseau
C. Diderot
D. Moliere
13. In the works of __________.one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.
A. Handel
B. Haydn
C. Bach
D. Mozart
14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century
A. Don Juan
B. Defence of Poetry
C. Ode to a Nightingale
D. Isles of Greece
15. Throughout his his, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.
A. the spirit of the French Revolution
B. the spirit of Byronic heroes
C. ideas of a moral nature
D. the praise of natural beauty
16. __________. is considered to be the poet of the piano.
A. Mozart
B. Chopin
C.Schubert
D. Schumann
17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?
A. A Tale of Two Cities.
B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.
C. David Copperfield.
D. Pickwick Papers.
18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.
A. O' Henry
B. Jack London
C. Mark Twain
D. Maupassant
19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________.
A. William Faulkner
B. Ezra Pound
C. T. S. Eliot
D. William Butler Yeats
20. __________.was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.
A. Sholokhov
B. Tolstoy
C. Chekhov
D. Gorky
第二部分非选择题
In the following part there are two columns. The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of rifles, names of organizations or works. Match each name in the left hand column with corresponding title or organization or work in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the answer sheet. ( 10 points, 1 point each)
2l. Augustine ( ) (a) To the Lighthouse
22. Aristotle ( ) (b) Ethics
23. Shakespeare ( ) (c) Kubla Khan
24. Mark Twain ( ) (d)A Hero of Our Time
25. Titian ( ) (e) Othello
26, Virginia Woolf ( ) (f) Meditations
27. Newton ( ) (g) The Confession
28. Coleridge ( ) (h) the Venus of Urbino
29. Lermontov ( ) (i) Life on, the Mississippi
30. Descartes ( ) ( j ) Mathematical Principles Philosohy
Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. ( 20 points ,2 points each )
31. What are the three styles in Greek architecture?
32. What was Marcus Cicero noted for?
33. What is the importance of the Middle Ages in terms of development of culture?
34. Why was Jan Hus condemned to be burnt at stake?
35. What is the theory put forward by Copernicus in his work "The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs" ?
36. What is Montesquieu' s redefinition of law?
37. Which composer realized the possibility of the clarinet and used it for solo effects?
38. What new literary theory was put forward in the preface of "Lyrical Ballads"?
39. Who was called the "father" of psychoanalysis?
40. Who was the American poet that settled down in London and became a leading figure of the Imagist movement? Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. ( 20 points,5 points each )
41. Leonardo da Vinci
42. Thomas Hobbes' s political thought
43. Enlightenment
44. Black Humor
Write between 100 - 120 words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
(10 points)
45. What are the distinctive features of Renaissance art?
2007年自学欧洲文化入门试题
2008年欧洲文化入门试卷
PART ONE
I. 选择题
1. During the height of the development of Greek culture, Alexandria was noted for its
A. port facilities
B. population
C. library
D. architecture
2. Which of the following is true about Plato?
A. He adopted the dialectical method in argument
B. He was the author of Ethics
C. He built up a comprehensive system of philosophy
D. He was friend of Socrates
3. gave birth to Christianity.
A. Palestine
B. Jewish tradition
C.The Bible
D. None of the above
4. Abraham was told by God to lead the Hebrews to the Promised Land, which roughly corresponds to the present-day
A. Egypt
B. Sinai
C. Jordan
D. Palestine
5. was made the official language of the Catholic Church.
A. Greek
B. Latin
C. Hebrew
D. Italian
6. Alfred the Great made the Anglo-Saxon cultural center.
A. London
B. Essex
C. Edingburg
D. Wessex
7. In Raphael's works, there is the exquisite harmony and of the High Renaissance.
A. balance
B. power
C. vigor
D. knowledge
8. In England, the question of reform was chiefly one of rejection of the supremacy of
A. the Pope
B. the Church
C. the Parliament
D. the Sovereign
9. In the century Europe advanced from the Middle Ages to the modem times.
A. 15th
B. 16th
C. 17th
D. 18th
10. The law of inertia was discovered by
A. Copernicus
B. Newton
C. Kepler
D. Galileo
11. "Every man is enemy to every man. " is the view held by
A. Bacon
B. Hobbes
C. Locke
D. Newton
12. One major source of primitive accumulation of capital was
A. farming
B. textile
C. commerce
D. slave trade
13. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement originating in
A. France
B. Spain
C. England
D. Italy
14. was considered to be a child prodigy.
A. Haydn
B. Bach
C. Mozart
D. Handel
15. To the conservative and reactionary forces in society, Byron's poetry was called
A. Satanic
B. Heroic
C. Byronic
D. none of the above
16. "Ruslan and Liudmila" was written by
A. Lermontov
B. Pushkin
C. Hugo
D. Tehaikovsky
17. The author of the book Evolution and Ethics is
A. Yan Fu
B. Charles Darwin
C. Thomas Huxley
D. Herbert Spencer
18. The realists tended to regard as the center of the novel.
A. ethics
B. image
C. plot
D. characterization
19. Which of the following is a social satire?
A. Hard Times
B. Bleak House
C. Vanity Fair
D. Jude the Obscure
20. Aller Ginsberg is an American poet who best represents
A. the Beat Generation
B. the Last Generation
C. the X Generation
D. the Angry Young Men
PART TWO
II. 选词填空
21. Aristophanes (a) summary of music of the Baroque era
22. Shakespeare (b) leader of slave uprising
23. Charles I \ (c\) Dutch painter
24. Joseph Conrad (d ) Lucky Jim
25. Spartacus (e) Major Barbara
26. Kingsley Amis (f) Wasps
27. George Bernard Shaw (g) Twelfth Night
28. van Gogh (h) beheaded in the Civil War
29. Hugo (i) Lord Jim
30. Bach (j) a staunch French Republican
III. 简答题
31. What did Herodotus describe in his history?
32. What is the meaning of PaxRomana?
33. Why was Jesus crucified?
34. As a result of the Crusades, what Arabic knowledge was introduced to the West?
35. What role did intellectuals play beginning from the late 15th century?
36. Who is the author of the line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" ?
37. Who was the writer who spent great effort on finding the fight word in the fight place?
38. What feeling was expressed in Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd" ?
39. What question did Gide try to look into in many of his works?
40. What did Hegel maintain?
IV. 名词解释
41. Illiad
42. Descartes's Dualism
43. the Theatre of the Absurd
44. Jonathan Swift
V. 论述题
45. What is the significance of the 17th century?
应该是2006年欧洲文化入门试题
Ⅰ.选择题 (40 points, 2 point for each)
1.———— was the founder of scientific mathematics.
A. Pythagoras
B. Democritus
C. Aristotle
D. Diogenes
2. Which of the following figures was regarded as “the master of those who know”by Dante?
A. Plato
B. Socrates
C. Aristotle
D. Cicero
3. ________ was called “the greatest historian that ever lived”by Macaulay.
A. Thucydides
B. Herodotus
C. Socrates
D. Aristotle
4. The first king to unite the Hebrews was a warrior-famer name________ .
A. Moses
B. Joshua
C. Saul
D. David
5. Who issued the Edict of Milan in 313,whick granted religious freedom to all and made Christianity legal?
A. Domitian
B. Valerian
C. Constantine
D. Theodosius
6. The ancestors of the Jews are called Hebrews which mean ________ .
A. wanderers
B. travelers
C. traders
D. merchants
7. In the latter part of the fourth century the ________ swept into Europe from central Asia.
A. Turkish
B. Huns
C. Athens
D. Roman
8. Apart from being a place of worship, the ________ was a place for recreation and the center of trade and community activity.
A. bridge
B. church building
C. village
D. subway
9. For two centuries beginning from the late fifteenth century,________ was the golden city which gave birth to a whole generation of poets, scholars,artists and sculptors. A. Milan B. Florence
C. Venice
D. the papal states
10. which of the following figures knows “how to make beauty yield meaning and meaning yield beauty”?.
A. Boccaccio
B. Shakespeare
C. Raphael
D. Petrarch
11. ________ is recognized as the father of the modern European novel and has had great impact on world literature.
A. Don Quixote
B. hamlet
C. Gargantua and Pantagruel
D. Utopia
12. The English poet Alexander Pope once wrote:Nature and Nature’laws lay hid in
night.God said, “let________ be”, and all was light.
A. Copernicus
B. Kepler
C. Newton
D. Einstein
13. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England andwith ________ in France.
A. Corneille
B. Locke
C. Rousseau
D. Descartes
14. The great contribution of St.Jerome was ________.
A. the building of monasteries
B. the translation of Old and New Testaments into Latin
C. the setting up of the church system
D. none of the above
15. Which of the following is not true about Dante?
A. Dante was a great Italian poet.
B. Dante wrote Beowulf
C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian
D. Dante was a great political thinker
16. Scientists in the 17th century,suchans Galileo and Newton,attached great importance to ________ .
A. deductive reasoning
B. classical authority
C. direct observation and experiment
D. humanist learning
17. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?
A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.
B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.
C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.
D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic,politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.
18. ________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval. .
A. Sophists
B. Cynics
C. Sceptics
D. Epicureans
19. ________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: “Give me a place to stand, and
I will move the world.”
A. Archimedes
B. Aristotle
C. Plato
D. Euclid
20. In The Revolution of the Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.
A. Kepler
B. Galileo
C. Newton
D. Copernicus
1-10: A, C, A, C, C, A, B, B, B, D
11-20: A, C, D, B, B, C, B, D, A, D
Ⅱ.In the following part there are two columns.The left hand column consists of a list of names. The right hand column consists of a list of titles, names of organizations, works or remarks in the right hand column and put the number a or b or c etc. in the bracket on the test paper.(10 points, 1 point each)
21.St.Jerome [ ] (a)Latin version of Bible
22.Dante [ ] (b)The City of God
23.Aristophanes [ ] (c)The Canterbury Tales
24.Virgil [ ] (d)Aeneid
25.Constantine [ ] (e)Last Supper
26.Augustine [ ] (f)Virgin Mary
27.Chaucer [ ] (g)Edict of Milan
28.Leonardo da Vinci [ ] (h)Frogs
29.Raphael [ ] (i)The Divine Comedy
30.Homer [ ] (j)Odyssey
21a,22i,23h,24d,25g,26b,27c,28e,29f,30j
Ⅲ.Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following question. Write your answer in
the corresponding space on the test paper.(20 points, 2 points each)
31.Among many elements which constitute European culture, what are the two major ones? The major elements are the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element.
32.What are the four schools of philosophers who often argued with each other in the
4th century B.C.in Greece?
The four schools of philosophers are Cynics,theSceptics,the Epicureans and the Stoics.
33.What gave birth to Christianity?
It was the Jewish tradition that gave birth to Christianity.
34.What does the Old Testament mainly deal with?
The Old Testment is about God and the Laws of God.
35.What classes were the people of weatern Europe under feudalism mainly divided into? People of western Europe under feudalism were mainly divided into three
classes:clergy,lords and peasants.
36.Why did the Crusades go on about 200 years?
In 1071 the armies of the Turkish Moslems occupied Palestine, killing many Christain
pilgrims and even selling many others as slaves, which roused great indignation among Christains in western Europe and resulted in the crusades lasting on about 200 years.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d516492519.html, the two men who made great efforts to promote learning in the Middle Ages. They are Charlemagne and Alfred the Great.
38.Which period does Renaissance refer to in the European history?
Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century.
39.List tow most famous pictures painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
Mona Lisa and Last Supper are Leonardo da Vinci’s most famou s pictures.
40.Who established oil colour on canvas as the typical medium of the pictorial tradition
in western art?
It was the great Venetian painter Titian.
IV.Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the test paper in around 40 words.(20 points, 5points each)
41.Athens’democrach
Athens was a democracy. Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”,but
by“the whole people”the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a s et of rights which a man inherited from his father.
42.Beowulf
Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon epic, in alliterative verse, originating from the
collective efforts of oral literature. The story is set in Denmard of Sweden and tells how the hero, Beowulf, defeats the monster Grendel and Grendel’s mother, a sea monster,but eventually receives his own death in fighting with a fire dragon.
43.John Locke
John Locke was a great English empiricist and an outstanding political philosopher,
whose writing on economics, politics and religion expressed the ideas of the time.
44.Odyssey
Odyssey deals with the return of Odysseus after the Trojan war to his home island
of Ithaca. It describes many adventures he ran into on his long sea voyage and how finally he was reunited with his faithful wife Penelope.
V.Write Between 100-120 Words on the following topic in the corresponding space on the test paper.(10 points)
45.What is Baconian philosophical system and the different between inductie method (推
理法)and deductive method(演绎法)?
The answer as follows:
1. The whole basis of his philosophy was practical: to give mankind mastery over the
forces of nature by means of scientific discoveries and inventions.
2. He held that philosophy should be kept separate from theology, not intimately be
blended with is as in Scholasticism.
3. Bacon established the inductive method. Induction means reasoning from particular
facts or individual cases to a general conclusion. Deductive method emphasized reasoning from a known principle to the unknown and from the general to the specific.
4. In a word, to break with the past, and to restore man to his lost mastery of naturalworld. This was what Bacon called the Great Instauration.
欧洲文化入门第一章到第五章
I. 选择
Division One: Greek Culture and Roman Culture
1. Which culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B. C.?
A. Greek Culture
B. Roman Culture
C. Egyptian Culture
D. Chinese Culture
2. In ___________ the Roman conquered Greece.
A. 1200
B.
C. B. 700 B. C. C. 146 B. C.
D. The 5th century
3. Which of the following works described the war led by Agamemnon against the city of Troy?
A. Oedipus the King
B. Iliad
C. Odyssey
D. Antigone
4. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Aeschylus?
A. Antigone
B. Agamemnon
C. Persians
D. Prometheus Bound
5. Which of the following is NOT the plays written by Sophocles?
A. Electra
B. Antigone
C. Trojan Woman
D. Oedipus the King
6. Which of the following is the play written by Euripides?
A. Antigone
B. Persians
C. Electra
D. Medea
7. Which of the following is NOT the greatest tragic dramatist of ancient Greece?
A. Aristophanes
B. Euripides
C. Sophocles
D. Aeschylus
8. Who ever said that “You can not step twice into the same river”?
A. Pythagoras
B. Heracleitus
C. Aristotle
D. Plato
9. Who was the founder of scientific mathematics?
A. Heracleitus
B. Aristotle
C. Socrates
D. Pythagoras
10. Who is chiefly noted for his doctrine that “man is the measure of all things”?
A. Protagoras
B. Pythagoras
C. Pyrrhon
D. Epicurus
11. Who wrote, “I came, I saw, I conquered”?
A. Horace
B. Julius Caesar
C. Virgil
D. Marcus Tullius Cicero
12. The author of the philosophical poem On the Nature of things is ___________.
A. Virgil
B. Julius Caesar
C. Horace
D. Lucretius
13. Which of the following is not Roman architecture?
A. The Colosseum
B. The Panthenon
C. The Parthenon
D. Pont du Gard
14. Who wrote, “Captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”?
A. Sappho
B. Plato
C. Virgil
D. Horace
Division Two: The Bible and Christianity
15. Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?_______
A. Buddism
B. Islamism
C. Christianity
D. Judaism
16. The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called
__________.
A. Exodus
B. Commandments
C. Amos
D. Pentaeuch
17. Which of the following is NOT the content of the Ten Commandments?_______
A. Honour your father and your mother
B. Do not commit suicide
C. Do not desire your neighbour’s wife
D. Do not take the name of God in vain
18. When in Babylon the Hebrews formed synagogues to practise their religion? ______
A. in 169
B.
C. B. in the 4th century
C. in 76 B.C.
D. in the 6th century
19. After the _______ century Nestorianism reached China.
A. sixth
B. fifth
C. second
D. third
20. Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other
religions? __________
A. Theodosius
B. Augustus
C. Constantine I
D. Nero Caesar
21. Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? __________
A. Augustus
B. Thedosius
C. Nero
D. Constantine I
22. At the age of 30, Jesus Christ received the baptism at the hands of _________.
A. St. Peter
B. St. Paul
C. John Baptist
D. John Wycliff
23. By 1693, the whole of the Bible had been translated in _________languages.
A. 228
B. 974
C. 1202
D. 154
24. The oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament is known as ________.
A. the Latin Vulgate
B. the Aristeas
C. the “Authorized”
D. the Septuagint
25. When prin ting was invented in the 1500’s, the _______ Bible was the first complete work printed.
A. English
B. Latin
C. Aramaic
D. Hebrew
26. When did the standard American edition of the Revised Version appear? _______
A. 1885
B. 1611
C. 1901
D. 1979
Division Three: The Middle Ages
27. In the later part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and
killing a large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes? ________
A. the Mongolians
B. the Huns
C. the Turkish
D. the Syrians
28. The Middle Ages is also called the _________.
A. “Age of Christianity”
B. “Age of Literature”
C. “Age of Holy Spirit”
D. “Age of Faith”
29. According to the code of chivalry, which of the following is not pledged to do for a knight? _______
A. To be loyal to his lord
B. To fight for the church
C. To obey without question the orders of the abbot
D. To respect women of noble birth
30. In 732, who gave his soldiers estates known as fiefs as a reward for their service? _________
A. Charles Martel, a Frankish ruler
B. Charles I, a Turkish ruler
C. Constantine I, a Frankish ruler
D. St. Benedict, a Italian ruler
31. When was the Church divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church?_________
A. after 1066
B. after 1296
C. after 1054
D. after 476
32. Which of the following about the knight or noble in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is NOT
true?____________
A. Almost all nobles were knights in the Medieval days.