【知识要点】
定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）
一、动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
1.不定式的时态及语态
2.不定式的句法功能
1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。
3）作宾语：
常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse , manage, help, agree, promise, prefer，afford，ask，decide，expect，intend，等。
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要。
动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：
I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿。
动词不定式作动词tell，show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who)...+to do。如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。
4）作宾语补足语：
动词不定式作动词feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：I saw him cross the road.我看到他过了街道。
He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道。
5）作定语：
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。
This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you got anything to send
（你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you got anything to be sent
（你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）用不定式作定语的几种情况
不定式表将来
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all，any等限定的中心词。如：
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。
用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English 你具备读、写英语的能力吗？
6）作状语
表目的 He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱，他日日夜夜的工作。
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
为了省钱，能用的方法都用上了。
（×)To save money, every means has been tried.
(√)To save money, he has tried every means.
表结果
He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了，结果发现火车开走了。
常用only放在不定式前表示强调： I visited him only to find him out.我来拜访他，结果发现他出去了。
表原因 They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
表程度 It’s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我们什么也看不清。
The question is simple for him to answer.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了。
作独立成分 T o t ell you the truth, I don’t like the way he talked. 说实话，我不喜欢他说话的方式。 3.不定式符号to的保留问题
有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love等后面。如：
I haven’t been to Hong Kong，but I wish to. 我没去过香港，但我想去。
—I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那消息。
—Oh，you ought to have.你应该告诉他的。
4.动词不定式的几种特殊结构
1）for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do
“for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。
2)too ... to结构
在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。如：
You’re too young to understand such things.你太小了，还不能理解那些事情。
=You’re so yo ung t hat you can’t understand such things.
注意：在下列场合下，too... to结构表示肯定意义：
某些形容词与too...to 连用表示肯定意义，too相当于very much。这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。
在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too...to结构表示肯定意义。如：
I’m only too glad to meet you here again.再次见到你我太高兴了。
二、动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式：
否定式：not+动名词
1）一般式： Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5）否定式：not+动名词 I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。
6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词
He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能：
1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’s no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。
2）作表语： In t he ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
3）作宾语： They haven’t finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，如： We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid，excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like 4）作定语：
He can’t walk without a walking stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school?你们学校有游泳池吗？
5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
三、现在分词
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1.现在分词的形式
否定式：not+现在分词
1）现在分词的主动语态：
现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。如：
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basketball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。
2）现在分词的被动语态：
一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。 The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能：
1）作定语：
现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：
in the following years 也可用in the years that followed;
the man speaking to the teacher
可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be+doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room？你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
4）现在分词作状语
作时间状语 (While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
作原因状语 Being a League member, he is always helping others.
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
作方式状语，表示伴随 He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。
作条件状语 (If)Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。作结果状语 He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
作目的状语 He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
作让步状语 Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
与逻辑主语构成独立主格
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercise s.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。
作独立成分
Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful.
一般说来，女孩子更细心。
四、过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾 ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。
过去分词的句法功能：
1.过去分词作定语
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语
The window is broken.窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：
boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货）
the risen sun（升起的太阳）
the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语
1）表示原因 Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。
2）表示时间 Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。
3）表示条件 Given more time, I’ll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。 4）表示让步 Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进 山洞。
【考点诠释】
考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别
英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children，谓语部分是will go
考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析
作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作
状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：
1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got C) Getting D) Have got
一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了T om只说不做的工作态度”，故正确答案为C。
考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，
请再看下面例题：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。
考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑
主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：
____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说Bob已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”，故正确答案为B。
考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词（动词不定式或动名词）作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：
1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
考点六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy，因而正确答案为crying。
考点七、分词与动词不定式作状语的区别
【例题1】Bradon worked for hours after school money for his education．
A．making B．to make C．made D．having made
【解题指导】分词作状语，表示动作发生的时间、原因、方式、结果或表示伴随状况、补充说明。动
词不定式作状语主要表示目的，还可以表示原因(用于表示喜、怒、哀、乐等心情的词后)、结果(用于only 十to do结构)。
【解析】B。根据句意可知，此处是指放学后打工的目的是挣钱，应用动词不定式，即答案为B。
【例题2】One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Tom’s，their high school reunion the year before．
A．talking about B．to talk about C．talked about D．having talked about
【解题指导】注意掌握分词作状语的用法。
【解析】A。根据句意“星期天几个老同学在汤姆家里聚会，谈论着他们一年前的聚会”可以看出，谈论是在这次聚会的过程中发生的，即“谈论”伴随着“聚会”，因此用分词作伴随状语，又因句子主语classmates与动作”谈论”之间为主谓关系，因此用现在分词talking about。
考点八、现在分词与过去分词的区别
【例题3】When I caught him me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．
A．cheated B．cheating C．to cheat D．to have cheated
【解题指导】现在分词与过去分词的一个重要区别就是：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在解答相关题目时，应从以下方面分析：分词作定语时，分析被修饰词同非谓语动词的关系；作宾补／主补时，分析宾语／主语同宾补／主补的关系；作状语时，分析句子主语同非谓语动词的关系。从以上几个方面来判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。
【解析】B。依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。
考点九、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
【例题4】The old women spoke to the girl again，raising her voice a bit，but still no answer·A．received B．receiving C．had received D．to receive
【例题5】Tom stood there，what he could do for the poor man sitting beside him．
A．wondered B．to wonder C．having wondered D．wondering
【解题指导】注意掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。
【解析】D。句意：汤姆站在那里，心里想着能为站在他身边的那个可怜的人做些什么。显然，“心里想着”是伴随动作，伴随着“站”，因此用分词作伴随状语。又因句子主语与动作”心里想着”是主谓关系，故用现在分词，答案为D。
考点十、三种表示被动意义的非谓语形式：to be done，done。being done的区别近三年高考中有一些地区考查了to be done，done，being done的区别，这一考点应引起考生的重视。
【例题6】the NO.5 subway line，in October，2007，has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing．
A．opened B．was opened C．being opened D．to be opened
【解题指导】done(过去分词)，to be done(不定式的被动式)，being done(现在分词的被动式)这三者作定语都表示被动意义，但表示的时间不同：done表示已经发生的动作；to be done表示将要发生的动作；being done表示正在进行的动作。
【解析】A。根据”has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijiing'’可以判断出The NO.5 subway line已经建成，表示“已经发生的动作”，应用过去分词，故答案为A。
1.状语从句在高考中的考查重点：
1.不定式的时态和语态；
2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；
3.不定式的省略；
4.不定式的否定形式；
5.不定式的搭配形式；
6.独立主格结构；
7.v-ing分词名词性功能；
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；
9.v-ing分词副词性功能；
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别；
2.非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
非谓语动词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter
B. to enter
C. entering
D. entered
【陷阱】容易误选A。有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词could 就断定此处应填动词原形enter。
【分析】其实正确答案应是B。此句为省略句，即在could 后省略了动词do，若把句子补完整应为Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短语(to enter a good college)是用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studies as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。
值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope
B. hope
C. hoping
D. hoped
此题的答案是C不是A，其中的现在分词短语hoping to catch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise
B. to practise
C. practising
D. practised
此题答案选C，这与前面动词spent 的搭配有关，即spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Before going abroad he devoted all he could ____D____ his oral English.
A. improve
B. to improve
C. improving
D. to improving
此题答案选D，注意两点：一是devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”；二是其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。
2.He knows nothing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing
B. to do
C. being doing
D. to be done
【陷阱】容易误选B，根据can’t help doing sth 这一结构推出。
【分析】其实答案应选A。比较以下结构：
can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一题，答案也是B：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned
D. being cleaned
再请看以下试题：
While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
此题应选C，句中的can’t help 意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do
B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing
D. is devoted to doing
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为B。现分析如下：
(1) devote 意为“致力于，献身于”，主要用devote…to…或be devoted to，其中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不用不定式。
(2) 选A错误：若将do 改为doing 则可以。
(3) 选B正确：all her time devoted to doing experiments为独立主格结构，用作状语。
(4) 选C错误：因为all her time 与devote 为被动关系，故应将devoting改为devoted。
(5) 选D错误：若单独看All her time is devoted to doing experiments，此句并没有错，但问题是逗号前后两个简单句没有必要的连接方式，所以从整体上看仍不对，假若在后一句的句首加上and或so，则可选D，或将D将中的is 改为being也可选它。
请做以下类似题（答案均选A）：
(1) All the preparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.
A. completed
B. have been completed
C. had been completed
D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support
B. was, support
C. has been, supporting
D. is, to support
比较以下各题，答案选B，因为句中使用了并列连词and：
(1) All the prep arations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed
B. have been completed
C. had been completed
D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support
B. was, support
C. has been, supporting
D. is, to support
4. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
【陷阱】容易误选C，受题干中的逗号的影响，认为是现在分词表结果的用法。
【分析】其实答案应选B，句中的逗号相当于连词and 或but，not to make it more difficult 是对逗号前的不定式to make life easier 的补充说明。此句的意思是“新技术的目的是为了使生活变得更容易，而不是使生活变得更困难”。两个不定式同时用以说明句子主语purpose 的内容。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：
The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.
A. provide
B. to provide
C. providing
D. provided
5. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.
A. to be tied
B. being tied
C. tied
D. having tied
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】最佳答案为C。从意义上看，hands 与tie 的关系应属被动关系，故排除D。在A、B、C 三个选项中，选项A比较容易排除，因为不定式表示将来意义，在此与语境不符。现将B和C作一比较：B为现在分词的被动式，它表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表进行，也就是说his hands being tied 的实际意思是“他的手正在被捆住”，这显然与语境不符。而C为过去分词，它也表示两层意义，一是表被动，二是表示动词的完成或完成后的状态，此句中的with his hands tied behind his back 可视为手被捆在背后的一种状态。由此可知最佳答案为C。请看下面一题：
Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.
A. finds
B. found
C. being found
D. will find
答案选B而不选C，其中的过去分词表示被动和完成。
比较下面两题，最佳答案是D不是A，现在分词的被动式表示被动和进行：
(1) The court hears about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.
A. argued
B. to be argued
C. to be arguing
D. being argued
(2) The silence of the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.
A. turned
B. having turned
C. to be turned
D. being turned
6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.
A. of taking
B. taking
C. to take
D. take
【陷阱】容易误选A。受remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构：
remind sb of sth = 使某人想起某事
remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事（暗示动作已发生）
remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）
请看两个例句：
I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。
My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。
Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?
7. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly
B. your flight
C. flight
D. flying
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案为D。由于空格后出现了constantly这一副词，这就说明不能选B或C，因为B、C均为名词，不能受副词constantly 的修饰。A和D均是可能的，因为其中有动词fly。但若选A，you fly 是一个主谓结构，与其后的谓语will be 相冲突，所以只能选D，即动名词flying在此用作主语。
8. Not only should you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.
A. to work, to do
B. to working, to doing
C. to work, to doing
D. to working, to do
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为两个空白处均应填不定式。
【分析】正确答案为B，因为get used to与pay attention to 这两个结构中的to均为介词，不是不定式符号，故后接动词时要用动名词，不能动词原形。类似地，以下各结构中的to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
object to doing sth反对做某事
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
get down to doing sth 开始做某事
take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事
admit to doing 承认做了某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
devote one’s time t o doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事
What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样
9.Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.
A. to buy
B. buying
C. on buying
D. in buying
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为insist后不能接不定式，但可以接动名词。
【分析】答案应选C。其实，动词insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on或upon，即用于insist on (doing) sth；但它有时的确也可用作及物动词，不过其宾语通常只能是that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。如：He insisted on seeing her home. 他坚持送她回家。
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
10.“Do you have anything more ______, sir?” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”
A. typing
B. to be typed
C. typed
D. to type
【陷阱】容易误选D，根据have sth to do 这一常用结构推出。
【分析】最佳答案是B。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如I have some clothes to wash等，即尽管其中的some clothes 与其后的不定式to wash 具有被动关系，但却习惯上用主动式表示被动意义。但值得指出的是，这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如I have some clothes to wash 中的to wash 就是由该句主语I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形有所不同，即其中的to type 这一动作不是由句子主语you来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较：
Are you going to Shanghai? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？
I’m going to Shanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。
11. She took her son, ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doct or’s office.
A. put
B. to put
C. putting
D. having put
【陷阱】容易误选B或C，误认为这考查非谓语动词的用法。
【分析】正确答案选A。句中的took, ran, put, drove 为四并列的谓语动词，其时态应一致。类似地如(答案选A)：
I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.
A. paid
B. paying
C. to pay
D. having paid
但是，下面一题稍有不同：
Hearing the news, he rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open
B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie opened
D. left; lay opened
此题答案选B，leaving 在此表结果，lying open 与其前的动词leave有关，leave 后接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中。
12. The boss insisted that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.
A. be, to do
B. was, doing
C. be, doing
D. was, to do
【陷阱】容易误选B。
【分析】其实正确答案是A。分析如下：
(1) 第一空填be，是因为insisted 后接that从句，从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should也可省略。
(2) 第二空要填to do，是因为此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是…should make full use of every minute to do the work well, 句中涉及make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of (尽量利用)等短语也可能用于此类试题。请看以下类似例子：
(1) The old professor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.
A. to build
B. building
C. build
D. built
此题答案选A，不是B。为便于理解，可先考虑以下结构：
上海地区2006 年高三英语非谓语动词 1. I wouldn ' t advise _______ there by bus, because it is too cowed. A. and go B. to go C. to going D. going 2. They found a ___ old woman ___ on the ground when the door was broken open. A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain 3. Jack was a lazy boy. I often caught him _____ in class. A. sleeping B. slept C. to sleep D. sleep 4. His words left me ____ what he was driving at. A. to wonder B. wondering C. wondered D. wonder 5. I feel like ____ a long walk. Would you like _____ with me? A. taking, going B. taking, to go C. to take, to go D. to take, going 6. The teacher forbade _____ our seats. A. us to leave B. us leaving C. to leave D. to leaving 7. He finished his homework and then went on __ me. A. helping B. to helping C. with helping D. to help 8. You had better get a doctor ___ your bad tooth. A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled put D. pulling out 9. I haven ' t got a chair ______ . Will you make room for me? A. to sit B. to sit in C. for sitting D. sitting on 10. By the way, when did you get your bedroom ___ ? A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted 11.I ' m afraid your suggestion can 't help _____ the service of their shop. A. improving B. in improving C. improve D. for improving
虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气是什么 定义：①在表示一种完全假设的情况或主观愿望时，动词（实意动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词）需用一种特殊的形式，称为虚拟语气。 ②用来表达非真实的情况，如建议、命令、安排、猜测、愿望/遗憾、假设、空想、白日梦等。 e.g. 1.If I were you,I would forgive Mary.假设 2.I wish you had come to the party yesterday.愿望 3.If only（要是……就好了）you could understand me！愿望 二、虚拟语气怎么用 4.If(先行词) I were（无人称变化）you，I should seize the chance to go abroad. 5.If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams. 6.If Professor Li should have（had/were to have）time tomorrow，we could ask him questions. 例题1.Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week?If you had told me, I could have helped. 例题2. We would be (be) back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. 例题3. Sorry,I am too busy now.If I （D）time,I would certainly go for an outgoing with you. A.have had B.had had C.have D.had 例题4. ----Do you think John has passed the driving test? -----No.If so,he( C )his car to our college yesterday. A.would drive B.drove C.would have driven D.had driven 注意：在条件句中可省略if，且把were，should，had（需是助动词）提到句首，构成部分倒装（否定不用缩写） e.g. 7.Were I twenty now，I would join the army。现在 8.Should Mr.White call，what would you say?将来 9.Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded.过去 10.Had I not warned you，you could have been killed.（not置于主语之后）过去 例题5.Had the goverments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen (fall) since their highest in 2005.
非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog
高中英语语法“虚拟语气”的教学设计 一、教材分析： 本课是结合外研社版高中英语教材选修6中有关虚拟语气的语法内容，进行高三虚拟语气的复习，教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重复习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。 二、学情分析： 在高一和高二英语学习基础上，高三学生已经掌握基本的语言结构和一定程度的听说读写能力。在高三语法复习的过程中，结合学生原有的知识掌握水平，巩固基础强化正确使用语法知识，提高学生运用语言的深度和难度.但大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，渴求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师。只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动，因材施教，才能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。 三、教学重点: 1.复习的重点---语法虚拟语气的句型结构. 2.语法虚拟语气的运用 四、教学难点: 1.结合复习的语法知识，以课堂教学为依托，全面训练学生的听、说、读、写能力，加强和提高运用英语的综合能力。 2.虚拟语气在真实的生活语境中的使用。 五、教学目标: 1.知识目标: 引导学生掌握情态动词在虚拟语气之中的使用。培养学生通读，分析，理解，综合的能力，教会学生体察语境，结合上下文，附和逻辑推理和合理的想象，结合语法和题干中的语境解决高考题。在运用语言过程中培养学生的观察力、分析力、想象力和自学能力，提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力。 2.能力目标： 利用多媒体手段营造积极和谐教学氛围，使学生进入情景之中，充分调动学生的思维活动和情感体验，规范学生运用英语知识准确表达的能力，同时，发展学生综合语言运用的能力，分析问题和解决问题的能力，培养学生自主学习。 3.德育目标： 用情态动词和虚拟语气的句子结构表达思想感情和正确的世界观、人生观。 六、教学策略:
高中英语虚拟语气知识 点及练习 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
虚拟语气：虚拟证据表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或者与事实相反的假设等，一般常用于正式的书面语中。 一、虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法： 1、a. If I were you, I would apply for the job. b. If I lived near my office, I would walk to the office. 与现在事实相反，If条件从句谓语：过去式（be用were） 主句谓语：should / would / could / might+动词原形 2、a. If you had been more careful, You could have passed the exam. b. If you had turned off the gas, the house wouldn’t have caught fire. 与过去事实相反，If条件从句谓语：had+动词过去分词 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + have done 3、a. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. b. if it were to rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. c. If it rained tomorrow, we would not go camping. 与将来事实相反：If条件从句谓语：过去式 / should + v原形 / were + to do 主句谓语：should / would / could / might + do 二、混合虚拟条件句：不同时间的虚拟，各遵守各的规则，如： a. If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now. 从句叙述与过去事实相反（had + done），主句叙述与现在事实相反（would + v）
丢分题详解 【2019?四川凉山州中考】—Is it necessary_________us_________some photos before saving the old man? —Yes,it is.We can protect ourselves if we do so. A.of;taking B.for;taking C.of;to take D.for;to take 【试题答案】D 【参考答案】句意：——在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？——是的，它是。如果我们这样做，我们可以保护自己。It’s+adj.for/of sb.to do sth“对某人来说做某事……样”，该结构中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语，故排除A、B两项；通常由of或for引出不定式动作的执行者，如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.；如果形容词是仅仅来描述事物的，如：difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible 用for引出动作的执行者，故选D。 丢分探因 此题如果学生分不清it is adj.for sb.to do sth.和it is adj.for sb.doing sth.，学生很容易误选B，to do表示有目的性，doing表示正在进行。此处表示在救那个老人之前，我们有必要拍些照片吗？故选D。查漏补缺 1.动词不定式的作用 句子成分用法例句 作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有： ①It is+adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某 人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某 人多长时间＂。To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。 作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like,want, like,hope,wish,plan，decide,learn,agree,try,remember, forget,expect,refuse,afford,prefer,continue,promise,I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。 I find it difficult to pass my math
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专题训练答案及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（北京）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A．Travel B．Traveling C．Having traveled D．Traveled 【答案】B 【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。 点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。 2．The girl is so grateful whenever she remembers my brother and me ____ her from the icy water. A．to have saved B．to save C．saving D．saved 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩是有感恩之心的，无论何时她都记得我和我弟弟把她从冰水里救出的情形。固定短语：remember sb. doing sth记得某人做过某事。故C选项正确。 3．He got up late and hurried to his office, _______ the breakfast untouched. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他起晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙赶往办公室。he与leave是主谓关系，即他让......处于某种状态，应该用现在分词表伴随状况，排除A、B；“hurried”和“leaving”两个动作是同时发生的，当两个动作有时间先后关系时，需要使用现在分词的完成式，排除D；leave the breakfast untouched没有动早餐，故选C。 4．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的
高中英语语法虚拟语气 教学设计 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
高中英语语法虚拟语气教学：The subjunctive mood 厦门第十中学吕瑞珠 一、概述 本节课是高中英语语法教学课，授课内容为虚拟语气，授课对象是高三年学生。从呈现、加深记忆、巩固到实践并将语言项目运用于写作中并做适当的点评，大概需要两课时。但我这里着重阐述的是第一课时的教学内容、教学策略等。 通过本节语法教学课的学习，学生重新整合自己的有关虚拟语气的知识，复习已知的虚拟语气的表达形式如：I wish I could fly freely in the sky like a bird; It is high that you got up.等等，并学习新的表达形式如：The English teacher suggested that we should read the English newspaper every day; I would have passed the English exam if I had worker harder in the past 20 days.最为重要的是，学生在学习完虚拟语气的表达形式后，要在写作中运用。 虚拟语气在高中英语语法的难点之一，多数学生感到费解，因此也更需要老师的指导与相应的实践与运用，并且较好地掌握虚拟语气的表达形式，有助于扫除学生阅读过程中对个别句子的理解。 二、教学目标分析 1．知识与技能 1）复习学生已掌握的虚拟语气表达的句型： I wish I were… / I could … It is high time that you did your homework.. If I were you, I would… 2) 学习虚拟语气新的表达方式，尤其是if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，掌握与现在事实、与过去事实、与将来事实相反的三种虚拟语气的表达，特别是主句与从句时态的呈现；还有引导出的宾语从句需要运用虚拟语气的动词，如suggest, insist, propose, demand and so on. 3）培养学生运用所学知识表达自己的思想的能力。 2．过程与方法 1）引导学生在欣赏英文歌曲An Angel的情景教学过程中，开启对虚拟语气表达已有的知识记忆。
【英语】高三英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．(山东) There is a note pinned to the door ___________ when the shop will open again. A．saying B．says C．said D．having said 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：在这个句子中note和say是主动关系，所以要用saying。此处saying引导的句子做伴随状语。句意为：门上钉着张纸条，写着这家商店什么时候再营业。故答案选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。 【知识拓展】非谓语动词的选择要根据所填的动词及它所要修饰的逻辑主语之间的关系确定。doing表主动表进行；done表被动表完成；to do表目的表将来。 【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语。先把句子简化：There is a note (which is pinned to the door) saying when the shop will open again.伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，本题考查的是现在分词做伴随状语,用ing形式。现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；如：He went to the classroom holding two books； He went to the forest , followed by two dogs. 2．John always gets up early in the morning _____ energetic and ready to start a new day. A．feel B．to feel C．feeling D．felt 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：John总是一大早起床，感觉精力充沛并准备开始新的一天。现在分词做伴随状态。故选C。 3．Several years ago they found in England a tomb of a man ____ from around 2,300 B．C．A．dated B．dating C．dates D．to date 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：几年前，他们在英格兰发现了一个可追溯至公元前2300年左右的男子坟墓。date from表示“追溯到(某一时期)，始于(某一时期)”，a tomb of a man（男子的坟墓）与date from之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词短语作后置定语，若用句子表示二者之间的关系，可以说成A tomb of a man dates from around 2,300 B．C．故选B。 4．(北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
一、随堂测试(时间8分钟，满分20分，得分______) ()1. (2017扬州) Mom does all the housework so that Sarah can take the time ______ her words on paper. A. put B. putting C. to put D. puts ()2. (2017河南)Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ______sure we don't break anything. A. make B. made C. to make D. making ()3. (2017兰州)A nurse ______ Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother ______away. A. naming; is B. naming; will be C. named; is D. named; will be ()4. (2017兰州) ______is the best way to keep a good relationship with your parents, teachers and other people around you. A. Active communicating B. Actively communicating C. Active communication D. Actively communication ()5. (2017鄂州) —Jack hasn't taken his piano lessons for a long time. —He is considering ______ his piano course and spending more time on his study. A. to drop B. to throw C. dropping D. throwing ()6. (2017南通)The couple will be away for a while and they need someone______ the baby. A. look after B. looking after C. looked after D. to look after ()7. (2017青岛) As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital ______ them up. A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheering D. cheered ()8. (2017南充) —Mario, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous for us ______it while crossing the street. A. answering B. to answer C. answer D. answered ()9. (2017达州)—Do you prefer______ basketball with me? —No, I'd rather______ at home and watch TV. A. play; stay B. to play; to stay C. play; to stay D. to play; stay
Grammar-------Subjective mood Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Aim Help the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different situations. 2.Ability Aim To learn the subjunctive mood freely and properly in speaking and writing. 3.Emotional Aims 1)Encourage the students learn more about the grammar. 1)Help the students to form the good habit in learning. 1)Encourage the students to do more exercise consolidate the knowledge. Teaching Important Point Enable the students to use the correct form o f of the subjunctive mood Teaching Difficult Point To know the differences between the attributive and the predicative. Teaching Methods: Summarizing,comparative method;practicing activities Teaching Aids Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools Teaching Procedure StepⅠGreeting Greet the whole class. StepⅡDictation StepⅢHomework checking StepⅣGrammar 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实
复习专题非谓语动词专项练习题及答案 一、非谓语动词 1．The teachers often tell us ________ in the river. It's dangerous. A. not swim B. don't swim C. not swimming D. not to swim 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：老师经常告诉我们不要在河里游泳。太危险了。tell sb not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事。动词不定式的否定结构，not to do sth.故选D。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意动词不定式的否定结构not to do sth。 2．I like the TV program The Reader best. I think we should spend as much time as we can in our spare time. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：我最喜欢电视节目《朗读者》。我认为在业余时间，我们应该尽 可能多的花费时间读书。读书是花费时间的目的，在句中做状语，应使用动词不定式，spend time doing sth，表示花钱或时间做了某事，强调做了，根据should，可知事情还没 做，因此不能选C，故答案是B。 【点评】考查非谓语动词——动词不定式，注意做目的状语一般应使用动词不定式，同时 注意不要受到spend…doing固定搭配的影响。 3．My parents didn't allow me ______ to the party. A. go B. to go C. goes D. went 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】：本题考点为非谓语动词（固定用法）。allow sb. to do sth.，即“允许某 人做某事”。故答案为B。 4．I think AI （人工智能） in many fields will to help us solve many problems in the future. A. used, be used B. is used, be used C. used, use D. is used, use 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我认为被用在许多领域的人工智能在将来将帮助我们解决许多问 题。AI是名词，___ in many fields做名词AI的定语，AI是动作use的承受着，并且句子是 简单句，已经有谓语will，所以用动词过去分词作定语，即used，be used to do sth.被用来 做某事，will是情态动词，所以be还是用原形be，故选A。 【点评】考查动词过去分词及固定搭配，注意平时识记，理解句意。 5．The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent. A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
虚拟语气 注意： (1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。 Had you taken my advice，you wouldn't have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。 (2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。 If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now. 如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在) (3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。 Without electricity(＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today. 如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。 But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。 I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn't been 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们I would have gone there with them.)，busy that day 一起去那儿了。 1.(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice，he wouldn't have lost his job. A．followed B．should follow D．would follow C．had followed 解析：句意为：如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。 答案： C
虚拟语气 动词语气是用来表明说话人的看法和态度的。英语中 的语气有三种： ⒈ 陈述语气： 表示说话人认为他所表述的是事实，可用于陈述句、疑问句和感叹句，可以是肯定的、 也可以是否定的。 如：If he comes here, I shall tell him. 如果他来这里，我会告诉他。（他很可能来） ⒉ 祈使语气： 表示对说话对方的要求、命令、请求、警告等，用于祈使句中。 如：Lock up the door. 把门锁上。（表达命令） ⒊ 虚拟语气： 表示所说的话是不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相 反的假设。 如：I wish he could come. 我希望他能来。（表达愿望） He suggested that we ( should ) come another day. 他建议我们改天来。（表建议） 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用： 英语中if 从句有两种：一种是以陈述语气叙述的叫做真实条件句，说明所提出的假想是可以实现的；另一种是以虚拟语气叙述的，叫非真实条件句，说明所提出的假想实现的可能性极小或与事实相反。这种虚拟语气一般因所指的时间的不同而分三种情况： ⒈表示与现在事实相反： If + 从句主语+ 动词的过去式……，主语+should/ would/ could/ might + 动词原形…… （be 一般用were） 如：①If I were you, I would go by plane. 如果我是你，我将坐飞机去。（In fact I am not you. ） ②If he were here, he would decide what to do. 如果他在这里，他会决定做什么。（In fact he isn’t here.） ③If I had the letter at hand, I would read it. 如果我手头有这封信的话，我会读它的。（In fact I don’t have the letter at hand.） ④If she knew about it now, she would come. 如果她现在知道这件事的话，她会来的。（In fact she doesn’t know about it.） ⑤If he had time, he would go with you. 如果他有时间，他会同你一起去的。（In fact he is very busy, so he can’t go with you.） ⒉表示与过去事实相反： If + 从句主语+ had + 过去分词……，主语+should/ would/ could/ might +have +过去分
高三英语非谓语动词专项训练及答案及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（四川）Little Tom sat ________watching the monkey dancing in front of him. A．amaze B．amazing C．amazed D．to amaze 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查形容词作状语。句意：小汤姆坐在那里惊讶地看着猴子在他面前跳舞。amazed感到惊讶的，修饰人，此处作伴随状语，表状态。本题主要考查B、C之间的区别，选项B意为：令人吃惊的，常修饰物；而选项C意为：感到吃惊的，常修饰人。故选C。 2．The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have _______ right from wrong. A．distinguished B．distinguishing C．to distinguish D．to be distinguished 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：首先have difficult /trouble doing sth是固定词组。The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right from wrong在这个句子中，deal with的宾语是trouble，所以后面的句子是修饰trouble这个词的定语从句。 考点：固定用法考查 点评：对于固定用法，平时一定要多归纳、总结和记忆。 3．IPhone, the world’s largest mobile phone maker, said that over the first nine month s of the year it ________ 23 million handsets in China, an increase of 77 percent ________ the same period a year ago. A．had sold; compared to B．has sold; compared to C．sold; comparing with D．had sold; comparing with 【答案】A 【解析】 考查时态和非谓语动词。句意：IPhone，世界最大的手机制造商，说今年头九个月期间，它已经在中国销售了2,300万台手机，与一年前的同期相比增加了77%。第一空根据主句动词said可知，从句时态也应用过去时态，再根据over the first nine months of the year，判断应用过去完成时态；第二空是非谓语动词的固定句式compared to，意为“与……相比较”。故选A。 4．On the third floor there are two rooms, ________ used as a meeting-room.