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rfc3382.Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) The ’collection’ attribute syntax

rfc3382.Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) The ’collection’ attribute syntax
rfc3382.Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) The ’collection’ attribute syntax

Network Working Group R. deBry Request for Comments: 3382 Utah Valley State College Updates: 2910, 2911 R. Herriot Category: Standards Track Consultant T. Hastings K. Ocke P. Zehler Xerox Corporation September 2002 Internet Printing Protocol (IPP):

The ’collection’ attribute syntax

Status of this Memo

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for

improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet

Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state

and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice

Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved. Abstract

This document specifies an OPTIONAL attribute syntax called

’collection’ for use with the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP/1.0 and IPP/1.1). A ’collection’ is a container holding one or more named

values, which are called "member" attributes. A collection allows

data to be grouped like a PostScript dictionary or a Java Map. This document also specifies the conformance requirements for a definition document that defines a collection attribute. Finally, this document gives some illustrative example collection attribute definitions that are not intended as actual attribute specifications.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction (3)

1.1 Problem Statement (3)

1.2 Solution (3)

2 Terminology (4)

2.1 Conformance Terminology (4)

2.2 Other terminology (5)

3 Definition of a Collection Attribute (5)

3.1 Information to Include (5)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 1]

3.2 Nested Collections (9)

4 Collection Attributes as Attributes in Operations (9)

4.1 General Rules (9)

4.2 Unsupported Values (9)

5 Example definition of a collection attribute (9)

5.1 media-col (collection) (10)

5.1.1 media-color (type3 keyword | name(MAX) (10)

5.1.2 media-size (collection) (11)

5.2 media-col-default (collection) (11)

5.3 media-col-ready (1setOf collection) (12)

5.4 media-col-supported (1setOf type2 keyword) (12)

6 A Second Example Definition Of A Collection Attribute (12)

7 Encoding (13)

7.1 Additional tags defined for representing a collection

attribute value (13)

7.2 Example encoding: "media-col" (collection) (14)

8 Legacy issues (20)

9 IANA Considerations (20)

10 Internationalization Considerations (20)

11 Security Considerations (21)

12 References (21)

Appendix A: Encoding Example of a Simple Collection (Informative).22 Appendix B: Encoding Example of 1setOf Collection (Informative) (25)

Appendix C: Encoding Example of Collection containing 1setOf XXX

attribute (Informative) (31)

Appendix D: Description of the Base IPP Documents (Informative) (35)

Authors’ Addresses (36)

Full Copyright Statement (38)

Table of Tables

Table 1 - "media-col" member attributes (10)

Table 2 - "media-size" collection member attributes (11)

Table 3 - Tags defined for encoding the ’collection’ attribute

syntax (13)

Table 4 - Overview Encoding of "media-col" collection (15)

Table 5 - Example Encoding of "media-col" collection (16)

Table 6 - Overview Encoding of simple collection (22)

Table 7 - Example Encoding of simple collection (22)

Table 8 - Overview Encoding of 1setOf collection (25)

Table 9 - Example Encoding of 1setOf collection (26)

Table 10 - Overview Encoding of collection with 1setOf value (31)

Table 11 - Example Encoding of collection with 1setOf value (32)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2]

1 Introduction

This document is an OPTIONAL extension to IPP/1.0 [RFC2565, RFC2566] and IPP/1.1 [RFC2911, RFC2910]. For a description of the base IPP

documents see Appendix D.

1.1 Problem Statement

The IPP Model and Semantics [RFC2911] supports most of the common

data structures that are available in programming languages. It

lacks a mechanism for grouping several attributes of different types. The Java language uses the Map to solve this problem and PostScript

has a dictionary. The new mechanism for grouping attributes together (called ’collection’ mechanism) must allow for optional members and

the subsequent addition of new members.

The ’collection’ mechanism must be encoded in a manner consistent

with existing 1.0 and 1.1 parsing rules (see [RFC2910]). Current 1.0 and 1.1 parsers that don’t support the ’collection’ mechanism must

not confuse collections or parts of a collection they receive with

other attributes.

1.2 Solution

The new mechanism is a new IPP attribute syntax called a

’collection’. As such, each collection value is a value of an

attribute whose attribute syntax type is defined to be a

’collection’. Such an attribute is called a collection attribute.

The name of the collection attribute serves to identify the

collection value in an operation request or response, as with any

attribute value.

The ’collection’ attribute syntax is a container holding one or more named values (i.e., attributes), which are called member attributes. Each collection attribute definition document lists the mandatory and optional member attributes of each collection value. A collection

value is similar to an IPP attribute group in a request or a

response, such as the operation attributes group. They both consist of a set of attributes.

As with any attribute syntax, the document that defines a collection attribute specifies whether the attribute is single-valued

(collection) or multi-valued (1setOf collection). If the attribute

is multi-valued (1setOf collection), each collection value MUST be a separate instance of a single definition of a collection, i.e., it

MUST have the same member attributes except for OPTIONAL member

attributes. If we view each collection definition as a separate

syntax type, this rule continues the IPP/1.1 notion that each

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 3]

attribute has a single type or pattern (e.g., "keyword | name" is a

pattern). Without this rule, the supported values would be more

difficult to describe and the mechanism defined in item 4 of section 3.1 would not be sufficient.

The name of each member attribute MUST be unique for a collection

attribute, but MAY be the same as the name of a member attribute in

another collection attribute and/or MAY be the same as the name of an attribute that is not a member of a collection. The rules for naming member attributes are given in section 3.1.

Each member attribute can have any attribute syntax type, including

’collection’, and can be either single-valued or multi-valued. The

length of a collection value is not limited. However, the length of each member attribute MUST NOT exceed the limit of its attribute

syntax.

The member attributes in a collection MAY be in any order in a

request or response. When a client sends a collection attribute to

the Printer, the order that the Printer stores the member attributes of the collection value and the order returned in a response MAY be

different from the order sent by the client.

A collection value MUST NOT contain two or more member attributes

with the same attribute name. Such a collection is mal-formed.

Clients MUST NOT submit such malformed requests and Printers MUST NOT return such malformed responses. If such a malformed request is

submitted to a Printer, the Printer MUST (depending on

implementation) either (1) reject the request with the ’client-

error-bad-request’ status code (see [RFC2911] section 13.1.4.1), or

(2) accept the request and use only one of each duplicate member

attributes.

2 Terminology

This section defines terminology used throughout this document.

2.1 Conformance Terminology

Capitalized terms, such as MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHOULD, SHOULD

NOT, MAY, NEED NOT, and OPTIONAL, have special meaning relating to

conformance as defined in BCP 14, RFC 2119 [RFC2119] and [RFC2911],

section 12.1. If an implementation supports the extension defined in this document, then these terms apply; otherwise, they do not. These terms define conformance to this document only; they do not affect

conformance to other documents, unless explicitly stated otherwise. deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 4]

2.2 Other terminology

This document uses terms such as Job object (or Job), IPP Printer

object (or Printer), "operation", "request", response", "attributes", "keywords", and "support". These terms have special meaning and are defined in the model terminology [RFC2911] section 12.2. The

following additional terms are introduced in this document:

collection: an attribute syntax in which each attribute value is a set of attributes, called member attributes.

member attribute: an attribute that is defined to be used as one

of the attributes in a collection.

collection attribute: an attribute whose definition specifies the ’collection’ attribute syntax and each of the member attributes that MAY occur in a collection attribute value.

3 Definition of a Collection Attribute

This section describes the requirements for any collection attribute definition.

3.1 Information to Include

When a specification document defines an "xxx" collection attribute, i.e., an attribute whose attribute syntax type is ’collection’ or

’1setOf collection’; the definition document MUST include the

following aspects of the attribute semantics. Suppose the "xxx"

collection attribute contains N member attributes named "aaa1",

"aaa2", ..., "aaaN" ("aaaI" represents any one of these N member

attributes).

1. The name of the collection attribute MUST be specified (e.g.,

"xxx"). The selection of the name "xxx" MUST follow the same

rules for uniqueness as for attributes of any other syntax type,

(as defined by IPP/1.1) unless "xxx" is a member attribute of

another collection. Then the selection of the name "xxx" MUST

follow the rules for uniqueness defined in item 5a) of this list.

2. The collection attribute syntax MUST be of type ’collection’ or

’1setOf collection’.

3. The context of the collection attribute MUST be specified, i.e.,

whether the attribute is an operation attribute, a Job Template

attribute, a Job Description attribute, a Printer Description

attribute, a member attribute of a particular collection

attribute, etc.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 5]

4. An "xxx-supported" attribute MUST be specified and it has one of

the following two forms:

a) "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf collection", which enumerates all of the supported collection values of "xxx". If a collection

of this form contains a nested collection, it MUST be of the

same form.

For example, "media-size-supported" might have the values {{x- dimension:210, y-dimension:297},{x-dimension:297, y-

dimension:420}} to show that it supports two values of "media

size": A4 (210x297) and A3 (297x420). It does not support

other combinations of "x-dimension" and "y-dimension" member

attributes, such as 210x420 or 297x297, and it does not support non-enumerated values, such as 420x595.

b) "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf type2 keyword", which enumerates

the names of all of the member attributes of "xxx": "aaa1",

"aaa2", ..., "aaaN". If a collection of this form contains a

nested collection, it MAY be of either form. See item 5f)

below for details on supported values of member attributes.

For example, "media-col-supported" might have the keyword

values: "media-size" and "media-color".

5. The member attributes MUST be defined. For each member attribute, the definition document MUST provide the following information:

a) The member attribute’s name (e.g., "aaa") MUST be unique within the collection being defined and MUST either:

i) reuse the attribute name of another attribute (that is

unique across the entire IPP attribute name space) and

have the same syntax and semantics as the reused attribute (if the condition of item 4b) above is met). For example, a member attribute definition could reuse the IPP/1.1

"media" attribute.

ii) potentially occur elsewhere in the entire IPP attribute

name space. (if the condition of item 4a) above is met). For example, a member attribute could be "x-dimension",

which could potentially occur in another collection or as an attribute outside of a collection.

iii) be unique across the entire IPP attribute name space (if

the condition of item 4b) above is met). For example, a

member attribute could be "media-color" which must be

unique across the entire IPP attribute name space.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 6]

b) Whether the member attribute is REQUIRED or OPTIONAL for the

Printer to support.

c) Whether the member attribute is REQUIRED or OPTIONAL for the

client to supply in a request.

d) The member attribute’s syntax type, which can be any attribute syntax, including ’1setOf X’, ’collection’, and ’1setOf

collection’. If this attribute name reuses the name of another attribute (case of item a1 above), it MUST have the same

attribute syntax, including cardinality (whether or not

1setOf).

e) The semantics of the "aaa" member attribute. The semantic

definition MUST include a description of any constraint or

boundary conditions the member attribute places on the

associated attribute, especially if the attribute reuses the

name of another attribute (case of item a1 above).

f) The supported values for each "aaaI" member attribute (of the

member attributes "aaa1", "aaa2", ..., "aaaN") is specified by one of two mechanisms.

i) If "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf collection" (see item 4a) above), the value for each "aaaI" is specified in each

collection value of "xxx-supported", in the context of

other member attributes. That is, "xxx-supported"

enumerates all supported values of "xxx".

ii) If the value of "xxx-supported" is a "1setOf type2

keyword" (see item 4b) above), the supported values of

"aaaI" are the values specified by either i) the "aaaI-

supported" attribute or ii) the definition of the member

attribute "aaaI" within the document defining the "xxx"

attribute. The values of each member attribute "aaaI" are specified independently of other member attributes, though a Printer is not required to support all combinations of

supported values.

For example, "media-col-supported" might have the keyword values: "media-size" and "media-color". Using the first

method for defining supported values (an "aaaI-supported" attribute), the collection values of "media-col" are

combinations of values of "media-size-supported" and

"media-color-supported". If "media-size-supported" has

the values of ’210x297’ and ’297x420’ and "media-color-

supported" has the values of ’white’ and ’pink’, the deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 7]

Printer might support only the combinations ’white-

210x297’, ’pink-210x297’ and ’white-297x420’, and not

’pink-297x420’.

If a collection contains a member "aaaI", whose syntax

type is "text", the supported values would probably be

defined by the definition of "xxx" rather than by the

attribute "aaaI-supported".

g) the default value of each "aaaI" member attribute if it is

OPTIONAL for a client to supply the "aaa" member attribute in a request. The default value is specified by the attribute’s

definition within a document and MUST be one of the following: i) a fixed default

ii) a mechanism by which the Printer determines default

iii) an indefinite default that is left to the implementation. iv) an attribute that the Printer uses to determine the

default

6. The default value of "xxx", if a client does not supply it. The

default value is specified by the attribute’s definition within a document and MUST be one of the following:

a) a fixed default

b) a mechanism by which the Printer determines default

c) an indefinite default that is left to the implementation

d) a Printer attribute "xxx-default" which is a collection with

the same member attributes as "xxx". If optional member

attributes are absent, the Printer uses the defaulting rules of item 5g) above.

7. The "xxx-ready (1setOf collection)" attribute, if human

intervention is required to make many of the supported values

available. For example, "media-col" is an attribute which has a

"ready" attribute. Most attributes do not have a "ready"

attribute.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 8]

3.2 Nested Collections

A member attribute may have a syntax type of ’collection’ or ’1setOf collection’, in which case it is called a nested collection

attribute. The rules for a nested collection attribute are the same as for a collection attribute as specified in section 3.1.

4 Collection Attributes as Attributes in Operations

4.1 General Rules

A collection value is like any other IPP/1.1 value, except that it is structured. The rules for attributes with collection values are the same as for attributes of any other syntax type (see IPP/1.1), be

they in any group of a request of a response.

4.2 Unsupported Values

The rules for returning an unsupported collection attribute are an

extension to the current rules:

1. If the entire collection attribute is unsupported, then the

Printer returns just the collection attribute name with the

’unsupported’ out-of-band value (see the beginning of [RFC2911]

section 4.1) in the Unsupported Attributes Group.

2. If a collection contains unrecognized, unsupported member

attributes and/or conflicting values, the attribute returned in

the Unsupported Group is a collection containing the unrecognized, unsupported member attributes, and/or conflicting values. The

unrecognized member attributes have an out-of-band value of

’unsupported’ (see the beginning of [RFC2911] section 4.1). The

unsupported member attributes and conflicting values have their

unsupported or conflicting values.

5 Example definition of a collection attribute

In some printing environments, it is desirable to allow the client to select the media by its properties, e.g., weight, color, size, etc., instead of by name. In IPP/1.1 (see [RFC2911]), the "media (type3

keyword | name) Job Template attribute allows selection by name. It is tempting to extend the "media" attribute syntax to include

"collection", but then existing clients could not understand default or supported media values that use the collection value. To preserve interoperability, a new attribute MUST BE added, e.g., "media-col

(collection)". The following subsections contain a sample definition of a simplified "media-col" attribute. The definition follows the

rules in section 3.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 9]

All of the example attribute definitions in this document are

illustrative examples, rather than actual definitions. These

examples are intended to illustrate how to define collection

attributes. Other documents MUST define collection attributes for

use in actual interchange. Such definitions may be very similar to

the examples in this document, since we attempted to pick useful

examples.

Note: we picked the name "media-col" because the name "media" is

already in use. Ordinarily the collection attribute would have a

name like any other attribute and would not end in "col".

The member attributes of "media-col" attribute ("media-color (type 3 keyword)" and "media-size (collection)") both follow the naming rules of item 4a3 of section 3, i.e., the names are unique across the

entire IPP attribute name space. The member attributes of the

"media-size (collection)" member attribute ("x-dimension

(integer(0:MAX))" and "y-dimension (integer(0:MAX))") both follow the naming rules of item 4a2 of section 3, i.e., they potentially occur

elsewhere in the IPP attribute name space.

5.1 media-col (collection)

The "media-col" (collection) attribute augments the IPP/1.1 [RFC2911] "media" attribute. This collection attribute enables a client end

user to submit a list of media characteristics to the Printer. When the client specifies media using the "media-col" collection

attribute, the Printer object MUST match the requested media exactly. The ’collection’ consists of the following member attributes:

Table 1 - "media-col" member attributes

Attribute name attribute syntax request Printer

Support

media-color type3 keyword | name (MAX) MAY MUST

media-size collection MUST MUST

The definitions for the member attributes is given in the following

sub-sections:

5.1.1 media-color (type3 keyword | name(MAX)

This member attribute identifies the color of the media. Valid

values are ’red’, ’white’ and ’blue’.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 10]

The "media-color-supported" (1setOf (type3 keyword | name(MAX)))

Printer attribute identifies the values of this "media-color" member attribute that the Printer supports, i.e., the colors supported.

If the client omits this member attribute, the Printer determines the value in an implementation dependent manner.

5.1.2 media-size (collection)

This member attribute identifies the size of the media. The

’collection’ consists of the member attributes shown in Table 2:

Table 2 - "media-size" collection member attributes

Attribute name attribute syntax request Printer

Support

x-dimension integer (0:MAX) MUST MUST

y-dimension integer (0:MAX) MUST MUST

The definitions for the member attributes are given in the following sub-sections:

5.1.2.1 x-dimension (integer(0:MAX))

This attribute identifies the width of the media in inch units along the X axis.

5.1.2.2 y-dimension (integer(0:MAX))

This attribute identifies the height of the media in inch units along the Y axis.

The "media-size-supported" (1setOf collection) Printer attribute

identifies the values of this "media-size" member attribute that the Printer supports, i.e., the size combinations supported. The names

of the member attributes are the same as the member attributes of the "media-size" collection attribute, namely "x-dimension", and "y-

dimension", since they have the same attribute syntax and the same

semantics.

5.2 media-col-default (collection)

The "media-col-default" Printer attribute specifies the media that

the Printer uses, if any, if the client omits the "media-col" and

"media". Job Template attributes in the Job Creation operation and

the PDL do not include a media specification. The member attributes deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 11]

are defined in Table 1. A Printer MUST support the same member

attributes for this default collection attribute as it supports for

the corresponding "media-col" Job Template attribute.

5.3 media-col-ready (1setOf collection)

The "media-col-ready" Printer attribute identifies the media that are available for use without human intervention, i.e., the media that

are ready to be used without human intervention. The collection

value MUST have all of the member attributes that are supported in

Table 1.

5.4 media-col-supported (1setOf type2 keyword)

The "media-col-supported" Printer attribute identifies the keyword

names of the member attributes supported in the "media-col"

collection Job Template attribute, i.e., the keyword names of the

member attributes in Table 1 that the Printer supports.

6 A Second Example Definition Of A Collection Attribute

All of the example attribute definitions in this document are

illustrative examples, rather than actual definitions. These

examples are intended to illustrate how to define collection

attributes. Other documents MUST define collection attributes for

use in actual interchange. Such definitions may be very similar to

the examples in this document, since we attempted to pick useful

examples.

In some printing environments, it is desirable to allow the client to select the media for the job start sheet. The reason for not adding the ’collection’ attribute syntax to the existing "job-sheets" Job

Template attribute is the same as for "media". Instead, a new Job

Template attribute is introduced, e.g., "job-sheet-col (collection)". The member attributes of "job-sheet-col" attribute ("job-sheets (type 3 keyword)" and "media (type3 keyword | name)") both follow the

naming rules of item 4a1 of section 3, i.e., they reuse existing IPP attributes. According to the rules, their supported values come from the existing IPP attributes: "job-sheets-supported" and "media-

supported". However, their default values do not come from "job-

sheets-default" and "media-default", respectively. Rather, the

definition of "job-sheet-col" says that "job-sheets (type 3 keyword)" is required and if "media (type3 keyword | name)" is absent, the

Printer uses the same media as the rest of the job uses.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 12]

If "job-sheet-col" attribute was defined to contain the member

attribute "job-sheet-media (type3 keyword | name)" instead of "media (type3 keyword | name)", then the definition would also have to

specify a "job-sheet-media-supported (1setOf (type3 keyword | name))" whose values would be independent of "media-supported (1setOf (type3 keyword | name))" and would be set separately by a System

Administrator.

The actual text for the definition of the attribute is left as an

exercise for the reader.

7 Encoding

This section defines the additional encoding tags used according to

[RFC2910] and gives an example of their use. The encoding tags

defined in this document MUST be used by all collection attributes

defined in other documents. However, the example of their use is

illustrative only.

7.1 Additional tags defined for representing a collection attribute

value

The ’collection’ attribute syntax uses the tags defined in Table 3.

Table 3 - Tags defined for encoding the ’collection’ attribute syntax Tag name Tag

value Meaning

begCollection 0x34 Begin the collection attribute value. endCollection 0x37 End the collection attribute value.

memberAttrName 0x4A The value is the name of the

collection member attribute

When encoding a collection attribute "xxx" that contains an attribute "aaa" and is not inside another collection, the encoding follows

these rules:

1. The beginning of the collection is indicated with a value tag that MUST be syntax type ’begCollection’ (0x34) with a name length and Name field that represent the name of the collection attribute

("xxx") as with any attribute, followed by a value. The Printer

MAY ignore the value and its length MAY be 0. In the future,

however, this field MAY contain useful information, such as the

collection name (cf. the name of a C struct).

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 13]

2. Each member attribute is encoded as a sequence of two or more

values that appear to be part of a single multi-valued attribute, i.e., 1setOf. The first value after the ’begCollection’ value has the attribute syntax, ’memberAttrName’ (0x4A), and its value holds the name of the first member attribute (e.g., "aaa"). The second value holds the first member’s attribute value, which can be of

any attribute syntax, except ’memberAttrName’ or ’endCollection’. If the first member’s attribute value is multi-valued, the third

value holds the second value of the first member’s value.

Otherwise, the third value holds the name of second member

attribute (e.g., "bbb"), and its attribute syntax is

’memberAttrName’. In this case, the fourth member’s value is the value of "bbb".

Note that the technique of encoding a ’collection’ as a ’1setOf’

makes it easy for a Printer that doesn’t support a particular

collection attribute (or the collection attribute syntax at all)

to simply skip over the entire collection value.

3. The end of the collection is indicated with a value tag that MUST be syntax type ’endCollection’ (e.g., 0x37) and MAY have a zero

name length and a zero value length. In the future, this field

MAY contain useful information, such as the collection name that

matches the one in the ’begCollection’ .

4. It is valid to have a member attribute that is itself, a

collection attribute, i.e., collections can be nested within

collections. This is represented by the occurrence of a member

attribute that is of attribute syntax type ’begCollection’. Such a collection is terminated by a matching ’endCollection’. The

name of such a member attribute is in the immediately preceding

value, whose syntax type is ’memberAttrName’.

5. It is valid for a collection attribute to be multi-valued, i.e.,

have more than one collection value. If the next attribute

immediately following the ’endCollection’ has a zero name length

and a tag of ’begCollection’, then the collection attribute is a

multi-valued collection, as with any attribute. This statement

applies to collections within collections and collections that are not in collections.

7.2 Example encoding: "media-col" (collection)

The collection specified in section 5 is used for the encoding

example shown in Table 5. The example also shows nested collections, since the "media-size" member attribute is a ’collection. The

encoding example represents a blue 4x6-index card and takes 216

octets. The Appendices contain more complex examples.

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 14]

Additional examples have been included in the appendices.

The overall structure of the two collection values can be pictorially represented as:

"media-col" =

{ "media-color" = ’blue’;

"media-size" =

{ "x-dimension" = 6;

"y-dimension" = 4

}

},

The full encoding is in table 5. A simplified view of the encoding

looks like this:

Table 4 - Overview Encoding of "media-col" collection

Tag Value Name Value

begCollection media-col ""

memberAttrName "" media-color

keyword "" blue

memberAttrName "" media-size

begCollection "" ""

memberAttrName "" x-dimension

integer "" 6

memberAttrName "" y-dimension

integer "" 4

endCollection "" ""

endCollection "" ""

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 15]

Table 5 - Example Encoding of "media-col" collection

Octets Symbolic Value Protocol comments

field

0x34 begCollection value-tag beginning of the "media-

col" collection attribute 0x0009 name- length of (collection)

length attribute name

media-col media-col name name of (collection)

attribute

0x0000 value- defined to be 0 for this

length type

no value (since value-

length was 0)

0x4A memberAttrName value-tag starts a new member

attribute: "media-color"

0x0000 name- defined to be 0 for this

length type, so part of 1setOf

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x000B value- length of "media-color"

length keyword

media-color media-color value value is name of 1st

member attribute

0x44 keyword type value-tag keyword type

0x0000 name- 0 indicates 1setOf

length

no name (since name-length was 0)

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 16]

field

0x0004 value-

length

blue blue value value of 1st member

attribute

0x4A memberAttrName value-tag starts a new member

attribute: "media-size"

0x0000 name- defined to be 0 for this

length type, so part of 1setOf

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x000A value- length of "media-size"

length keyword

media-size media-size value Name of 2nd member

attribute

0x34 begCollection value-tag Beginning of the "media-

size" collection attribute which is a sub-collection 0x0000 name- 0 indicates 1setOf

length

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x0000 value- collection attribute names length have no value

no value (since value-

length was 0)

0x4A memberAttrName value-tag starts a new member

attribute: "x-dimension" deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 17]

field

0x0000 name- defined to be 0 for this

length type, so part of 1setOf

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x000B value- length of "x-dimension"

length keyword

x-dimension x-dimension value name of 1st sub-

collection member

attribute

0x21 integer type value-tag attribute type

0x0000 name- 0 indicates 1setOf

length

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x0004 value- length of an integer = 4

length

0x0006 value value of 1st sub-

collection member

attribute

0x4A memberAttrName value-tag starts a new member

attribute: "y-dimension"

0x0000 name- defined to be 0 for this

length type, so part of 1setOf

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x000B value- length of the "y-

length dimension" keyword

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 18]

field

y-dimension y-dimension value name of 2nd sub-

collection member

attribute

0x21 integer type value-tag attribute type

0x0000 name- 0 indicates 1setOf

length

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x0004 value- length of an integer = 4

length

0x0004 value value of 2nd sub-

collection member

attribute

0x37 endCollection value-tag end of the sub-collection 0x0000 name- defined to be 0 for this

length type, so part of 1setOf

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x0000 value- defined to be 0 for this

length type

no value (since value-

length was 0)

0x37 endCollection value-tag end of the 1st collection value in 1setOf

0x0000 name- defined to be 0 for this

length type, so part of 1setOf deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 19]

field

no name (since name-length was 0)

0x0000 value- defined to be 0 for this

length type

no value (since value-

length was 0)

8 Legacy issues

IPP 1.x Printers and Clients will gracefully ignore collections and

its member attributes if it does not understand the collection. The begCollection and endCollection elements each look like an attribute with an attribute syntax that the recipient doesn’t support and so

should ignore the entire attribute. The individual member attributes and their values will look like a 1setOf values of the collection

attribute, so that the Printer simply ignores the entire attribute

and all of its values. Returning unsupported attributes is also

simple, since only the name of the collection attribute is returned

with the ’unsupported’ out-of-band value (see section 4.2).

9 IANA Considerations

The following table provides registration for the ’collection’

attribute syntax defined in this document. This is to be registered according to the procedures in RFC 2911 [RFC2911] section 6.3.

Tag value: Attribute Syntaxes: Ref. Section:

collection RFC 3382 3

0x34 begCollection RFC 3382 7.1

0x37 endCollection RFC 3382 7.1

0x4A memberAttrName RFC 3382 7.1

The resulting attribute syntax registration will be published in the https://www.doczj.com/doc/d914037806.html,/assignments/ipp-registrations registry.

10 Internationalization Considerations

This attribute syntax by itself has no impact on

internationalization. However, the member attributes that are

subsequently defined for use in a collection may have

internationalization considerations, as may any attribute, according to [RFC2911].

deBry, et. al. Standards Track [Page 20]

建筑施工企业项目经理应具备的条件

建筑施工企业项目经理应具备的条件---这是我们该努力的方向2012年02月29日20:32:04 项目经理是企业法人代表在项目上的全权委托代理人。在企业内部,项目经理是项目实施全过程全部工作的总负责人,对外可以作为企业法人的代表在授权范围内负责、处理各项事务,因此项目经理是项目实施最高责任者和组织者。由此可见,项目经理是与项目分不开的,离开了项目,也就不存在“经理”,因此,要探讨建筑企业项目经理应具备的条件,就不能不说项目管理,有怎么样的项目管理,就必须有怎么样的项目经理去管理,项目管理的方式、方法变了,项目经理应具备的条件也应与之相适应,否则就无法实现预期的管理目标。 建筑企业项目经理对项目的管理主要限于对施工项目的管理,也就是说对一个建筑安装产品的施工过程及成果进行计划、组织、指挥、协调和控制。施工项目管理是项目管理的一个分支,项目管理的发展与改革促进了施工项目管理的发展,以及施工项目规模的越来越庞大与复杂也对项目经理提出了更高的要求。传统的项目经理通常只是一个技术方面的专家和任务执行者。而现代项目经理不仅要有运用各种管理工具来进行计划和控制的专业技术能力,还要有经营管理等其他多方面能力,比如对项目部成员的激励以及与业主、监理、设计以及当地政府等各方的策略保持一致的能力。项目经理必须通过人的因素来熟练运用技术因素,以达到其项目目标。也就是说,他必须使项目部成为一个配合默契、具有积极性和责任感的高效率群体。因此,在现代项目管理的大环境与普遍采用项目法施工的情况下,笔者认为,建筑企业项目经理若要实现预定项目管理的各种目标,项目经理的能力要求既包括“软”的方面——个性因素,也包括“硬”的方面——管理技能和技术技能。 一、个性因素。 项目经理个性方面的素质通常体现在他与组织中其他人的交往过程中所表现出来的理解力和行为方式上。素质优秀的项目经理能够有效理解项目部其他人的需求和动机并具有良好的沟通能力。它又包括以下几个方面的内容: 1、号召力。 也就是调动下属工作积极性的能力。人是社会上的人,每个人都有自己的个性,而一般情况下项目经理部的成员是从企业内部各个部门调来后组合而成的,因此每个的素质、能力和思想境界均或多或少地存在不同之处。每个人从单位到项目部上班也都带有不同的目的,有的人是为了钱,有的人是为了学点技术和技能,而有的人是为了混日子。也因此每个人的工作积极性均会有所不同,为了钱的人如果没有得到他期望的工资,他就会有厌倦情绪;为了学技术和技能的人如果认为该项目没有他要学或认为岗位不对口学不到技术和技能也会生产厌倦情绪;为了混日子的人,则是做一天和尚撞一天钟——得过且过。因此,项目经理应具有足够的号召力才能激发各种成员的工作积极性。 2、交流能力。

cadence多通道布局总结精要知识点

一、cadence多通道布局布线(使用模块复用的方式实现) 步骤与关键点: 1、模块生成 module生成 1、在orcad中画好模块的原理图,设定好封装,做好drc,做好元件编号。 2、检查元件属性是否设为current properties,其它设定可能出错。 2、在annotate-->allegro reuse中,选中generate reuse module,renumber design for using modules,选中unconditional,其它不选。 3、生成netlist. 4、将netlist导入到allegro,布线,布局,若无rename等需要与orcad交互的动作,选tools-->creat modules生成mdd文件.mdd文件的文件名一定要定义为:DSN NAME_ROOT SCHEMATIC NAME.mdd。DSN NAME为你定义的orcad中的dsn文件名,ROOT SCHEMATIC NAME是这个文件中的页名字。这里若定义不对,在reuse时找不到mdd文件。之后跳到第6步。 5、在allegro中export logic,然后在orcad中back annotate,并再次drc。这一步很关键。??(实际操作时该步骤未使用) 6、模块制作完成。 使用生成的模块 1、在新的orcad设计中,选place-->herarhical block,reference中填入BLK?(注意,这里使用BLK是为了与原理图中的U?R?C?区别,保证BLK这个名字专用于moduel,不然在做完allegro后,rename 时,导回到orcad中出问题。) 在implementation type中选schematic view,在implementtation name中填入先前模块的页名称,在path and file name中选择相应的dsn文件,之后在你的原理图中出现一个block.(实质就是层次原理图的放置方法,只不过需要在原理图中新增层模块框,以免PCB中放入新的模块时无电路与之对应,则线条line会报错) 2、继续其它设计,之后在annotate-->packageing中,选中reset part name to "?",同时选中update occurrences,执行一下,将所有的元件(包括module的name改为?),在annotate-->allegro reuse中,选中renumber design for using modules,选中incremental,选中do not change the page number,选中select modules to mark for框里的内容。其它不选。 3、drc后,出netlist. 4、导入到allegro后,palce-->manually place,选mudule,instances,将module放入。注意一下mdd文件路径的设定,不正确会找不到mdd 文件的。 5、在allegro中布好线后,可以rename到arcad中,与正常设计无区别。 6、over. 做reuse时的几个注意事项:

建筑施工企业项目经理能力要求

现代物业?新建设 2012年第11卷第4期 伴随我国建设单位与建筑组织制度改进的持续深入,其产出形式与管理体系也产生了巨大的改变。将工程建设组织作为中心的管理组织机制已经整体成型,广泛施行了项目经理责任制度与工程费用计算机制,构成了比较合理的管理组织体制。建设工程单位项目经理作为施工企业项目管理负责人在现代工程建设中处于核心地位,项目经理的能力和素质对于能否实施科学有效的项目管理,确保工期、质量、安全、投资效益等各项合同预期目标的顺利实现起着关键性的作用。这就要求有一大批高素质、善管理、会经营、懂技术的工程项目管理人才投入管理工作。项目经理是施工承包企业法定代表人在施工项目上的代表人,既需要对建筑企业的目标结果承担责任,也需要对工程单位的目标成效承担责任,因此必须具备以下五个方面的条件。 一、优良的团体和个体品德、极强的责任感和事业心 具备强烈团体责任心的项目经理能够成功解决团体与客观条件之间的冲突,保障单位利益与团体利益的协调一致。个体品德导致了个体行为的规则,针对施工建设里的多种利益,项目经理优良的品格能够杜绝贪贿腐化,滥用职权的事件产生。项目经理的职权很高,并且需要负担相应的职责,惟有对项目专心致志,能够迎着艰难前进的项目经理才可以从单位负责人的授权限度里对项目实行完整的全程指挥,达到最终管理目的,代替单位向业主负担全程履行责任并且承受有关部门的监察指引。极强的责任感和事业心是达成目标的条件,是所有业务运行的保障。项目经理单独承担业务,假如职业操守品质比较低,即便此人的其他技能比较强,然而对单位不认可或者认可程度比较低,同单位一直倡导的观念相违背,或有其他企图,最后将使单位产生巨大损失。项目经理的品德人格、事业心、责任心、忠诚度对单位来讲是极其关键的。 二、稳固的行业原理技术和工程管理技能 项目经理一定要理解工程建设管理、项目概预算、招标投标原理等。项目经理可能不是专业人士,但是一定要具有某种程度的本专业技能、知识水平和技术。惟有如此才可以随时察觉工程里的疏漏,正确地指出处理方法,果断决定,努力战胜工程发展环节里的许多难题,最后达到施工目的。从管理者的方面来讲,项目经理能够依靠丰富的学识、准确的感觉、熟练的技能与出色的预判能力来持续获得员工的敬佩。当代工程管理已然变化成一种学术科目,有关技术构成了工程管理技术系统,需要项目经理对系统知识有普遍的认识,经过培训获得工程管理的原理。工程管理是一种体系项目,需要项目经理具有全程操控和组织处理困难因素的能力,提升整体管理技能。包含决断技能、规划技能、管理技能、组织技能、成本控制技能、沟通技能以及交际技能的培育。 三、很好的交流组织技能,具有队伍指挥能力 惟有建成“上挂、横连、下辐射”的客服销售网路,组织管理好多方向的联系,才可以开拓单位的经营前景。项目经理要积极求访工程户主、监察、规划、本地相关机构、企业高层负责人和有关组织,征求他们的意见,尤其是户主深层次的要求,创建很好的联系。还要协调工程管理队伍来增加理解,创建良好的团队气氛。为达成目标需要机动地随时协调多方面的联系,为工程的进行创建方便的各方面联系。项目经理要以身作则,知人善用,给团队 浅谈建筑施工企业项目经理的能力要求 李 鹏1 俞 超2 葛维培3 (1.丽水市丽景园投资发展有限公司,浙江 丽水 323000; 2.浙江天健工程造价咨询有限公司,浙江 杭州 310012; 3.杭州东龙建设有限公司,浙江 杭州 310009) 摘 要:项目经理是工程建设过程中每个建设因素准确加入与升级结合的管理者和实施者,是施工项目的实现的整体领导者,是项目工程的最高责任者和项目管理者。文章重点对项目经理必须具备的条件进行了分析。 关键词:项目经理;管理;能力;要求 中图分类号:F272.91 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1671-8089(2012)04-0082-02 工程管理 Engineering Management [作者简介] 李鹏(1983- ),男,助理工程师,本科学历,现主 要从事工程管理工作。 – 82 –

Cadence PCB设计教程

一、用Design Entry CIS(Capture)设计原理图 1、创建工程:file-->new-->project ;输入工程名称,指定工程放置路径; 2、设置操作环境Options-->Preferencses: 颜色:colors/Print 格子:Grid Display 杂项:Miscellaneous .........常取默认值 3、配置设计图纸: 设定模板:Options-->Design Template:(应用于新图) 设定当前图纸Options-->Schematic Page Properities

4、创建元件及元件库 File-->New Library -->选择要添加到的工程 Design -->New Part.(或者在Library处右击选择New Part) (1)Homogeneous:复合封装元件中(多个元件图组成时)每个元件图都一样(default适用于标准逻辑) (2)Heterogeneous:复合封装元件(多个元件图组成时)中使用不一样的元件图(较适用于大元件) 一个封装下多个元件图,以View ext part(previous part)切换视图 元器件封装: (1)place -->line 画线,用来画封装外形; (2)place-->pin 放置管脚;放单个或多个;

不同类型的管脚选择的type不同; 5、绘制原理图 (1)放置电器 Place-->part ;可以从设计缓存中,活着元件库,软件自带元件库,中选择;选择Add Library 增加元件库; 电源和地(power gnd)从右边工具栏中选择; (2)连接线路 wire bus:与wire之间必须以支线连接,并以网标(net alias)对应(wire:D0,D1....D7;bus:D[0..7])数据总线和数据总线的引出线必须定义net alias (3)Schematic new page (可以多张图: 单层次电路图间,以相同名称的“电路端口连接器”off-page connector连接 多层次式电路图:以方块图(层次块Hierarchical Block...)来代替实际电路的电路图,以相同名称Port的配对内层电路,内层电路之间可以多张,同单层连接 (4)PCB层预处理

建筑施工企业项目经理岗位职责

建筑施工企业项目经理岗位职责 建筑施工企业项目经理岗位职责(一) 一、项目经理是最高管理者在工程项目上的全权委托代理人,向最高管理者负责,独立承担项目的决策、质量、进度、安全责任。 二、负责经理部全面工作,按施工组织设计,精心施工,实现工程利润、成本、工期、质量指标,实行岗位目标考核制,奖优罚劣,褒勤贬惰,提倡敬业精神。 三、接受公司领导,会同各职能部门对工程材料、设备进行计划、采购、供应、使用和管理,控制工程成本,均衡材料占用资金比例,贯彻材料管理制度,提交材料消耗报告。 四、宏观管理劳务,合理地安排、组织施工,协调技术管理部门,实行全面质量管理,落实质量终身责任制,推行“科学管理,质量 为先;遵纪守法,关爱环境;以人为本,安全生产;诚信守诺,追求卓越”的方针。推行“向顾客提供一流的产品及服务,对污染环境、 危胁职工身体健康与安全的危险源进行有效的控制。以达到国家相 关法律、法规的要求”的目标,使工程质量达到优良。 五、坚决贯彻落实国家有关安全工作的规定,建立安全组织机构,制定安全制度,落实安全措施,组织安全施工,监督检查安全工作 执行落实情况。奖罚安全管理工作的优劣者。实现安全无事故。 六、管理协调各工种,各施工单位的交叉施工,处理好与指挥部、监理处的关系,保持与管理部门的联系,树立企业形象,实行栋号 经营核算,实行文明施工。 七、管理工地日常事务,考察管理人员工作状况,查处违规违章、违法行为。团结同志,全心全意为公司利益而工作。 八、认真学习国家关于职业健康安全、环境、卫生等方面的法规文件

九、消除施工中的一切不安全因素。 十、定期组织基层栋号施工管理人员并对其进行卫生、环保、安全法规等方面知识的监管。 建筑施工企业项目经理岗位职责(二) 1、遵守国家政策、法令、法规和企业规章制度。 2、全面履行、实施公司与建设单位签定的工程承包合同。 3、主持编制项目管理实施方案,主持或参与编审施工组织设计 并组织实施。 4、参与签订或在公司授权范围内签订分包合同。 5、负责项目工程款回收工作,办理工程款拨付手续,编制项目 资金使用计划。 6、协助公司机关组织做好工程索赔工作,办理工程结算,确保 企业资金的正常运转。 7、做好项目部内部管理,建立健全内部岗位责任制。 8、项目部的政治理论学习、思想工作。 9、按有关规定及时上报各种报表,自觉接受各业务部门的监督、检查。 10、负责综合管理体系的实施。

cadence快捷键

原理图:i放大o缩小 ctrl+mouse 放大缩小 ctrl+pageup ctrl+pagedown 左右移动 ctrl+n 下一PART ctrl+b 上一PART view->package 查看全部Part view->part 查看某一PART edit->browse 查看part、nets等 alt断开连接移动 R旋转,V垂直,H水平 原理图R 旋转shift 任意角度走线alt拖动元件时切断连接 全局修改器件属性:edit->browse->parts->shift全选所有器件->edit->properties->browse spreadsheet修改即可。 原理图库:D:\Cadence\SPB_16.3\tools\capture\library\Discrete.olb (散件) 建立原理图库:new->library Cadence olb :ctrl+N 切换到下一PART ctrl+B 切换到前一PART 栅格的控制都在options->preferences->Grid Display Schemtic page grid控制原理图栅格 Part and symbol grid控制元器件库栅格 ******************************************************************************* ******************************* PCB例程:D:\Cadence\SPB_16.3\share\pcb\examples\board_design 测量距离:display->measure / Find->pins PCB Editor:右键->cancel 取消 类、子类color visible PCB提供两种模式,布局布线,封装库(package symbol) PCB 封转库中,怎样设置图纸大小? 显示栅格大小? 焊盘—>元件封装 layout->pins:x0 0 ->右键done dra place_bound_top(矩形) silkscreen_top == assemble_top assemble_top:x0 0.75 ix 1.8 iy -1.5 ix -1.8 iy 1.5 (add line) silkscreen_top: x0.6 0.94 ix -1.38 iy -1.88 ix 1.38 (add line) x1.2 0.94 ix 1.38 iy -1.88 ix -1.38 place_bound_top:add rectangle x-0.85 1 x2.65 -1 参考标号:layout->label->refdes Assembly_top 内部 Silkscreen_top 左上角 file->new->package symbol 必须有:1引脚2零件外形,轮廓线3参考编号4place_bound放置安装区 psm元件封装数据文件,dra元件封装绘图文件

第9讲施工企业项目经理的工作性质、任务和责任

1Z201080 施工企业项目经理的工作性质、任务和责任 1Z201081 施工企业项目经理的工作性质 过渡期满后,大、中型工程项目施工的项目经理必须由取得建造师注册证书的人员担任;但取得建造师注册证书的人员是否担任工程项目施工的项目经理,由企业自主决定。 建筑施工企业项目经理(以下简称项目经理),是指受企业法定人代表人委托对工程项目施工过程全面负责的项目管理者,是建筑施工企业法定代表人在工程项目上的代表人。 建造师是一种专业人士的名称,而项目经理是一个工作岗位的名称。在国际上,建造师的执业范围相当宽,可以在施工企业、政府管理部门、建设单位、工程咨询单位、设计单位、教学和科研单位等执业。 1Z201082施工企业项目经理的任务 项目经理在承担工程项目施工管理过程中,履行下列职责:贯彻执行国家和工程所在地政府的有关法律、法规和政策,执行企业的各项管理制度; 严格财务制度,加强财经管理,正确处理国家、企业与个人的利益关系;执行项目承包合同中由项目经理负责履行的各项条款;对工程项目施工进行有效控制,执行有关技术规范和标准,积极推广应用新技术,确保工程质量和工期,实现安全、文明生产,努力提高经济效益。 项目经理在承担工程项目施工的管理过程中,应当按照建筑施工企业与建

设单位签订的工程承包合同,与本企业法定代表人签订项目承包合同,并在企业法定代表人授权范围内,行使以下管理权力:组织项目管理班子;以企业法定代表人的代表身份处理与所承担的工程项目有关的外部关系,受托签署有关合同;指挥工程项目建设的生产经营活动,调配并管理进人工程项目的人力、资金、物资、机械设备等生产要素;选择施工作业队伍;进行合理的经济分配; 企业法定代表人授予的其他管理权力。项目经理的任务包括项目的行政管理和项目管理两个方面。 1Z201083施工企业项目经理的责任 一、项目管理目标责任书(参考《建设工程项目管理规范》GB/T 50326-2006) 项目管理目标责任书应在项目实施之前,由法定代表人或其授权人与项目经理协商制定。编制项目管理目标责任书应依据下列资料:项目合同文件;组织的管理制度;项目管理规划大纲;组织的经营方针和目标。

Cadence学习笔记(十三)

1. 有些特殊的焊盘上要打很多孔,需要在Multiple Drill里设置。 2. .psm是元件封装的数据文件,不能直接编辑,.dra是绘图文件,我们可以用软件打开它对封装进行编辑。 3. 按room摆放: 使用PCB Editor, 1)在PCB Editor里设置room属性,导入网表后,Edit - Properties,在Find by name中选择Comp (or Pin),点击More,选择需要赋予room属性的元件,弹出Edit Property对话框 ,在左边的Available Properties中选择Room,value=power3v3,然后点击Apply,在Show Properties 窗口可以看到所选的元件都有ROOM=power3v3,这样元件有了room属性; 2)接下来在PCB Editor里添加room区域,Setup - Outlines - Room Outline,在Create/Edit Option 选择Draw Rectangle,在板框内部拉出一个矩形框; 3)按照room属性来摆放,Place - Quick Place,在Placement Filter里选择Place by room,在下拉列表中选择power3v3,点击Place。 使用Capture CIS, 1)选中元件,右键Edit Properties,Filter by选择Cadence-Allegro,找到ROOM编辑,填写power1v6,再切换到,可以看到room属性已经带过来了; 2)属性设置好以后,要把属性做到网表里,需要重新生成网表,点击.dsn,Tools - Create Netlist;3)回到PCB Editor,重新导入网表,File - Import - Logic; 4)创建room,Setup - Outlines - Room Outline,在Create/Edit Option选择Draw Rectangle,画出power1v6的room; 5)按照room属性来摆放,Place - Quick Place,在Placement Filter里选择Place by room,在下拉列表中选择power1v6,点击Place。

Cadence基于CIS的模块复用

关于allegro模块复用问题 孙海峰在使用Allegro PCB进行复杂电路设计时候,往往会遇到一部分电路被反复使用的情况,设计者可以按照之前的经验很快的做出相同的设计,但是这无疑浪费了不少时间。尤其对于大规模复杂设计,如果设计者浪费时间在反复的工作上,这是严重的损失。Allegro PCB允许设计者一开始就将复用模块设计好,以后只要直接调用复用模块就可以直接用以设计更复杂的电路板了。 这对于大规模集成设计无疑是非常好的选择,它不仅让设计者不必花费时间在相同模块反复设计上,更有利于电路的模块化设计和团队合作设计。 接下来我从Allegro PCB出发,详细阐述模块复用设计的具体步骤。 一、设计复用模块 首先在复杂设计之初,确定复用模块,然后对它进行设计。复用模块的设计与普通PCB设计流程相似,包括原理图设计,DRC检查,导出网表,PCB设计和原理图反标的整个流程。 1、在Capture页面中画好复用模块的原理图,设定好元件封装,完成DRC 检查,做好元件编号等原理图设计如下图; 注意:检查元件属性是否设为current properties,其它设定可能出错。 2、对设计执行Tools/Annotate进行原理图标注,在PCB Editor Reuse选项卡中勾选Generate reuse module,Renumber design for using modules,选中Unconditional如下图。

3、执行Tools/Design Rules Check进行电路DRC检查,正确无误后执行 Tools/Create Netlist命令生成网表,并导入PCB设计中。 4、复用模块的PCB设计 在Allegro PCB Editor中对该复用模块进行设计,完成设计后执行 Tools/Create Module命令,并框选复用模块所有元件、网络、连线等信息。

施工企业法人与项目经理

施工企业法人与项目经理 安全文明施工责任书 甲方:合川市阳成建筑工程有限责任公司(以下简称甲方) 乙方:工程项目施工安全生产责任人朱兴龙(以下简称乙方) 为了认真贯彻执行中华人民共和国建设部发布的专业《建筑施工安全标准JGJ59—99》及各级人民政府关于项目施工安全管理专项治理工作文件精神及要求,进一步强化现场安全管理,消除事故隐患,杜绝事故的发生,确保施工安全,提高施工效益。根据施工行业事故易发性的特点,结合公司安全生产管理制度,签订安全生产承包合同如下: 一、工程概况 1、工程名称:电力新村E1、F1栋 2、工程地址:合川市上什字 二、坚持承包生产必须承包安全的原则,实行项目法人总负责制。接受项目施工所属地方政府专业安全、消防主管部门的监督、检查和指挥。未经开工前安全、消防达标检查合格者,不得擅自开工。 三、承包工程项目管理负责人(项目经理、队长),全面负责该项目现场各工序作业人员的安全法规、标准、操作规程等知识的培训教育,督促制定安全制度、措施、方案的具体实施办法,具体做到与本项目各管理人员、各工序工班组长签订安全目标管理责任书,责任与任务层层落实到人头,专项工作专人管理,对各种事故、隐患及时进行整,把事故消灭在萌芽之初。 四、工地现场必须设置专(兼)职安全员,专门负责现场安全管理的具体工作,制定具体实施计划、方案和措施,组织现场安全检查,提出整改意见,作好记录,整理好安全资料档案。发现有违章指挥、违规操作和违反劳动纪委的人员及时给予制止。对不接受批评、教育的违章指挥,操作人员要果断提出处理意见,并书面上报项目总负责人和公司安全管理部门备案。

五、施工作业人员严禁老、弱、病、残人员上岗操作,严禁赤膊、穿硬底鞋、酒后上班、上高架作业,严禁使用童工。 六、工程开工之前,项目技术部门应对生产班组进行施工组织设计和施工方案技术交底。其中安全技术交底应侧重于施工中的特殊问题和主要危险因子,技术交底要用书面形式进行,交底双方均要在安全技术交底书上签字,以明确双方的责任。 七、施工管理人员熟悉与建筑施工有关的安全规程、条例标准、规范等各项规定,各工种人员必须熟悉本工程安全技术操作规程,否则不许参加施工。 八、土建、吊装、安装等多单位在同一现场施工,必须加强统一领导,成立现场指挥部,拟定确保安全施工的措施,密切配合,统一指挥,尽量减少多层作业。定期召开安全会议,组织安全检查,及时整改安全隐患。 九、施工现场入口应设置施工现场安全纪律牌,告诫入场人员必须严格遵守,若有危险作业区域,要采取围栏、盖板等措施或设置醒目的“危险”、“禁止通行”等安全标志牌及安全宣传画,非危险区内和作业人员不得擅自进行危险区域。 十、在城市内临近街巷、民房附近施工时,必须采取封闭施工或搭设坚固隔离防护棚,确保行人和居民的安全。 十一、现场施工必须经常清理、整顿堆放的砖、石、河沙、钢筋、扣件、架板、模板及各种预制构件等必须按规定位置堆放整齐,做到美观、安全清洁。 十二、大型土石方工程施工使用的各种机械、车辆设备在进场施工前,要仔细检查、保养,使其具有完好的机构性能。安全防护装置和刹车装置,必须齐全、灵敏、可靠、否则不准入场。在施工期中,应经常对各种机械进行保养和维修,不得带病运转。 十三、现场施工的各种机械、车辆操作人员必须是经过了机械技术和安全技术培训,经考试合

【精】cadence笔记-gerber光绘出错

cadence笔记 焊盘设计: 1 drill/slot symbol-----设置在钻孔的可视符号,在NC legend-1-4层中显示的钻孔的表示符号,取决与这里的设置。 2 drill/slot hole中plating的设置要注意。 3 allow suppression of unconnected internal pads? 4 regular pad-->当焊盘用走线连接时所使用的焊盘图形;Thermal relief-->当焊盘用dynamic shape连接时所使用的焊盘挖空图形(当该层不定义时,则不挖空,可从下拉列表中选择图形形状和大小,也可使用flash);当焊盘不连接时内电层的镂空图形。 5 如果是用于在不同的层之间电气连接的过孔,则thermal relief可以不设置(即为null),若是通孔焊盘,则需要做Flash焊盘,以增加热阻,利于焊接 6 如果是用于BGA的过孔,则solder和paste层可设置为null 7 按照IPC标准,soldermask比正常焊盘大0.1mm(直径还是半径?)即4mil,pastmask 和焊盘一样大 8 焊盘的命名,表明焊盘的形状,尺寸。 antipad-->用于经过plane层(即负片)的过孔与非相同网络的dynamic shape的隔离,在布线层(即正片)中不起作用,布线层(即正片)中其功能由rule代替,设计时以钻孔大小为参考标准而非FLASH termal relief->用于经过plane层(即负片)的过孔与相同网络的dynamic shape的连接(有图形的地方被挖空),在布线层(即正片)中不起作用,布线层中其功能由rule代替 regular pad-->过孔在走线层中的焊盘形状

建筑项目经理简历

建筑项目经理简历 求职意向求职意向:建筑企业管理、项目经理、项目主管、造价管理求职地点:广东求职时间:2010-1-18可到职时间:一个月内工作经验:十年以上工资要求:面议工作性质:全职兼职均可基本资料姓名:ShowString('邓光辉');邓光辉性别:男 出生日期:1965年3月28日身高:170 cm婚姻状况:已婚身份证号码:43242219650328****户口所在地:ShowProvinceAndCity('10011001');广东广州现在所在地:ShowProvinceAndCityAndArea('100110011002');广东广州天河区个人特长:语言能力普通话:良好掌握方言:能力:一般英语:等级:其它语言:能力:等级:教育或培训经历毕业院校:中国人民解放军工程兵工程学院最高学历:ShowDegreeName('1003');本科所学专业:建筑工程时间地方学校/机构专业学历证书编号1995.10--1996.7广州白云职业培训学院建筑施工与房地产经营管理大专穗教社高职字(施)第960031号1996.9--1999.6中国人民解放军工程兵工程学院建筑工程本科00115341997.12--1998.1广东省建设委员会干部培训中心施工企业项目经理培训其它04-049152000.6--2000.7广州市建筑总公司职工大学项目经理继续教育其它01-032162005.10--2006.4建设部和人事部统一颁发一级建造师(房屋建筑)其它01403652006.10--2006.11广东省工程造价协会造价员(建筑工程)

其它粤060002600工作经历1993.3--1995.9 中南人防建筑总公司(国有企业)工作职位:技术员离职原因:为了更好的发展工作描述:工程量计算、现场放线、相关资料收集整理等。参与施工的项目有:广东中人企业(集团)有限公司元岗厂房等工程。1996.9--2000.10 广东中人企业(集团)有限公司第三建筑工程处(国有企业)工作职位:副处长兼项目副经理离职原因:为了更好的发展工作描述:在处长和项目经理的领导下从事工程处和施工现场的各项管理工作及组织协调工作。组织施工的项目有:棠下解困小区a1-7栋住宅工程;广东中人(企业)集团有限公司元岗住宅小区22#楼工程;广州军区4358工程(三水陆航团新建工程);广州军区通信团团、营职干部宿舍楼工程等。2000.11--2002.9 广东中人企业(集团)有限公司(国有企业)工作职位:项目经理离职原因:为了更好的发展工作描述:对工程项目实行项目管理(安全管理、成本控制、进度控制、质量控制、合同管理、信息管理等)。组织施工的项目有:广东中人(企业)集团有限公司元岗住宅小区20#楼工程;贵州省黔西南州邮政局安龙邮政综合办公大楼工程;广州军区第三通信总站长沙院区团职干部宿舍楼工程等。 2002.10--2004.9 广东中人企业(集团)有限公司贵阳工程公司(国有企业)工作职位:副总经理兼项目经理离职原因:为了更好的发展工作描述:在公司总经理的领导下负责公司的全面管理工作并担任建筑工程的项目经理。管理、组织施工的项目有:贵州省黔西南州邮政局贞丰邮政综合楼工程;贵州省电信有限公司黔西南州分公司下五屯电

Cadence常用

3、Allegro的属性设定 Allegro界面介绍: Option(选项):显示正在使用的命令。 Find(选取) Design Object Find Filter选项: Groups(将1个或多个元件设定为同一组群) Comps(带有元件序号的Allegro元件) Symbols(所有电路板中的Allegro元件) Functions(一组元件中的一个元件) Nets(一条导线) Pins(元件的管脚) Vias(过孔或贯穿孔) Clines(具有电气特性的线段:导线到导线;导线到过孔;过孔到过孔) Lines(具有电气特性的线段:如元件外框) Shapes(任意多边形) Voids(任意多边形的挖空部分) Cline Segs(在clines中一条没有拐弯的导线) Other Segs(在line中一条没有拐弯的导线) Figures(图形符号) DRC errors(违反设计规则的位置及相关信息) Text(文字) Ratsnets(飞线) Rat Ts(T型飞线) Find By Name选项 类型选择:Net网络;Symbol符号;Devtype设备类型;Property属性;Group分组类别选择:Name(在左下角填入)元件名称;List列表;Objecttype Visiblity(层面显示) View栏 Conductors栏:针对所有走线层做开和关 Planes栏:针对所有电源/地层做开和关 Etch栏:走线 Pin栏:元件管脚 Via栏:过孔 Drc栏:错误标示 All栏:所有层面和标示 定制Allegro环境 文件类型: .brd(普通的电路板文件) .dra(Symbols或Pad的可编辑保存文件) .pad(Padstack文件,在做symbol时可以直接调用) .psm(Library文件,保存一般元件) .osm(Library文件,保存由图框及图文件说明组成的元件) .bsm(Library文件,保存由板外框及螺丝孔组成的元件)

9、施工企业项目经理的工作性质、任务和责任

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