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高一英语必修4知识点总结

高一英语必修4知识点总结
高一英语必修4知识点总结

必修三

Unit 1

1)II. Vocabulary:

2)Beauty-beautiful-beautify, harvest, celebration-celebrate, starve-starvation, origin-original, religion- religious, ancestor Mexico-Mexican, feast, bone, belief-believe, trick poet-poem, arrival-arrive, gain, independence- independent –depend-dependent–dependence, gather, agriculture - agricultural award-reward, rooster, admire-admiration energetic-energy, Easter, clothing-clothes-cloth, Christian-Christ-Christmas, custom, worldwide, fool –foolish, permission-permit parking-park, apologize-apology drown-drowning, sadness-sad obvious-obviously, wipe, weep, remind, forgive-forgave-forgiven

3)III. Language points:

4)mean

5)mean+ to do打算,意欲

6)mean+ n/ pron/that从句---意思

7)3)mean+ v-ing意味

8)meaning (n) 意思meaningful (a) 有意义的

9)2. celebrate (v)

10)celebration (n) 庆祝活动

11)hold a celebration/ celebrations

12) 3. take place

13)不用于被动语态

14)take sb‘s place/ take the place of sb

15)= replace sb

16)take place 指经过安排的事情

17)happen 偶然发生,碰巧发生

18)break out 灾难、疾病、战争等突然爆发

19) 4. would+ v 过去常常…

20) 5. starve

21)starve for 急需

22)starve to death 饿死

23)Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.

24)v 尊敬,给以荣誉

25)in honor of 为了纪念

26) A festival is set to honor/ in honor of the hero.

27)Do harm to sb= harm sb

28)Do more harm than good

29)in memory of 纪念,悼念…

30)arrive (v)

31)arrival (n)

32)The arrival of the plane has been delayed.

33)____ my arrival at school, Mr Li was there.

34)gain (n/ v)

35)I gained a lot from my teacher.

36)No pains, no gains.

37)gather

38) A lot of people gathered to see what had happened.

39)聚集,集合(vi)

40)The student gathered a lot of information about the hero.

41)收集(vt)

42)award 奖励

43)reward 回报,报酬

44)He received an award of 1,000 dollars.

45)He was awarded a medal for his excellent work.

46)admire

47)admire sb for sth

48)They admired our garden.

49)I admired him for his success in business.

50)look forward to(介词) + n/ v-ing

51)I‘m looking forward to his coming.

52)--ward 向着…方向

53)backward 向后

54)forward 向前

55)As though/ if 好象

56)have fun with sb

57)parking lot

58)turn up

59)keep one‘s words

60)hold one‘s breath

61)obvious—it was obvious that…

62)set off

63)remind of

64)Unit 2 Healthy eating

65)语法:Modal Verbs ---ought/oughtn‘t to;Should/shouldn‘t; mustn‘t; needn‘t; (don‘t) have to; w can/can‘t

66)本单元词汇:diet, nut, bean, pea, cucumber, eggplant, pepper, mushroom, peach, lemon, balance, barbecue, mutton, roast, fry, ought, bacon, slim, curiosity, hostess, raw, vinegar, lie, customer, discount, weakness, strength, consult, fiber, digest, carrot, debt, glare, spy, limit, limited, benefit, breast, garlic, sigh, combine

67)III. 单元知识点(1):

68)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated.

69)feeling very frustrated 现在分词在句中作伴随状语

70)eg.She sat on the chair reading a newspaper.(表伴随)

71)Walking in the street, she met her old friend.(表时间)

72)Seeing no body at home , she decided to eat outside.(表原因)

73)The child fell, striking his head against the ground.(表结果)

74) 2. His restaurant ought to be full of people.

75)Ought to 1) to show a moral duty 表示一种道义上的责任,应该

76)Eg.She ought to look after her child better.

77)You ought to study hard to get a high mark.

78)ought to have done 表示本应该…,而却没有…

79)Eg.You ought to have come yesterday.

80) 3.He thought of his mutton kebabs, fatty pork cooked in the hottest, finest oil. 过去分词短语作后置语,表被动。

81)= which were cooked in the hottest oil.

82)Eg.The flowers picked by him are very beautiful.

83) 4.Nothing could have been better.比较级与否定词连用表示最高级。

84)= All his food could have been the best.

85)Eg.I have never seen a better film.

86)There is nothing I like so much as playing football.

87) 5.Tired of all that fat?

88)Tired of 厌烦的He is tired of doing the same thing all year round.

89)Tired out 筋疲力尽I was tired out when I finally reach the top of the mountain.

90)Tired from 因…而疲倦I was very tied from running fast.

91)get away with sth./doing sth.

92)不因某事而受惩罚。I won‘t have you getting away with cheating in the exam.

93)偷携某物潜逃。The robbers robbed the bank and got away with a lot of money.

94)收到较轻的惩罚。He was so lucky to get away with a fine for such a serious mistake.

95)lie 谎言,说谎

96)The program was full of lies.

97)He lied to his wife so that he could come home late.

98)单元知识点(2):

99)Perhas he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.

100)earn one‘s living by… =live by…=make a living by…靠…谋生

101)eg. He earned his living by begging from door to door.

102)2.He didn‘t look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.

103)Be in debt 欠债。

104)Be out of debt 还清债务。

105)Be in sb.‘s debt 欠某人人情。

106)Eg. Saving my life, I am forever in your debt.

107)3.She didn‘t look happy but g lared at him.

108)Glare at 怒视,带有敌意

109)Eg. ―How could you do that?‖he said, glaring at his mother.

110)Glance at 扫视

111)Eg.He glanced at his watch and left in a hurry.

112)Stare at 张大眼睛死死地盯着

113)Eg.She stared at him in surprise.

114)4.Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying the dumplings, fatty pork and cola. 115)Agree to (do) sth. 表示―同意某事或某建议‖,后只能跟表―提议,计划,方案,打算,安排‖

116)Eg.He agreed to their proposal.

117)He agreed to get someone to help us.

118)Agree with sb. 同意某人

119)Eg.I agree with every word you said.

120)Agree on sth. 表示在某事上取得一致的意见

121)Eg.They agreed on a date for the next meeting.

122)5.But don‘t you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner?

123)虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反的假设时,条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式(be用were),而主的谓语动词用would(should, could ,might)+动词原形。例如:

124)If I were you, I should study English better.

125)If he had time, he would attend the meeting.

126)6. spy (v/n) 监视,侦查,看见,间谍

127)暗中监视;侦查。It is impolite to spy into other people‘s windows.

128)看见,发现。He suddenly spied an old friend in the supermarket.

129)before long 和long before

130)before long是介词短语,在句子中作状语,意思为:“不久后,很快”。多与将来时或者过去时连用如:I shall visit you again before long.

131)long before是副词短语,意思为:“很久以前”,多与完成时连用。如:

132)He had taken a doctor‘s degree long before.

133)Before不仅可以用作副词,还可以用作介词或者连词,这时long before…的意思为: “早在…之前”如:He had come to America long before the war.

134)Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank-Note

135)重点单词、短语

136)unbelievable birthplace patience (patient) silly indeed adventure tiny author

wander bay loneliness fault character spot unpaid playwright rude scream

genuine scene account seek( sought-sought )

137)短语:1、make a bet on sth / that…2、do with / deal with 3、a large amount of 4、

go ahead 5、as a matter of fact 6、by accident / chance 7、stare at

138)8、give up 9、account for 10、to be honest 11、care about

139)12、show …out 13、take a chance 14、be / dress in rags

140)15、be disappointed in sb 16、be worth doing 17、work as …18、in a rude manner

19、be jealous of …20、even if / though 21、as for…22、be filled with 23、get into

trouble 24、permit (doing) sth 25、permit sb to do sth 26、mind sth / sb. 27、be

spotted by …28、be about to do…29、be/ get lost 30、be patient with 31. bring up

32. on the contrary

141)重点句子:(Notes to the text :Unit 3 page 80-page 83)

142)language point(语言点)

143)go ahead

144)进行;发生

145)The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned. 新桥的建设将会按照计划进行。

146)(2) 前进;继续做

147)Despite the bad weather, they still went ahead with their plans. 尽管天气不好,他们仍按计划继续前进。

148)(3) 取得进展,取得进步

149)He is always going ahead. 他一直在进步。

150)(4) (祈使句) 做吧,请吧

151)May I start now?我可以开始了吗?

152)Yes, go ahead.好,开始吧。

153)stare at 注视,盯着看

154)He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 我盯着那个词看,想要回忆起它的意思。

155)It‘s rude to stare at other people. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。

156)3. find sb/oneself done/ doing/adj/n/prep-phrase

157)When day broke, I found myself in a small village. 破晓,我发现我身处在一个村庄里。158)I found myself lying on the bed. 我发现我躺在床上。

159)He found himself surrounded by many students. 他发现他被许多学生围着。

160)He found himself walking in the direction of the park. 他发现他正在往公园的方向前行。161)I found him difficult to get along well with. 我发现他很难相处。

162)4. spot spotless spotted

163)v. (用眼睛)挑出,察出,认出

164)I spotted her in the crowd. 我从人群中认出了他。

165)(2) v 使……染上斑点;点上污点

166)The ink spotted her white shirt. 我把她的白色衬衫上弄上了污点。

167)(3) n 斑点;污点;圆点

168)She had spots on her face when she was ill. 她生病的时候,脸上出现了斑点。

169)(4) n 地点;场所

170)This is a nice spot for a house. 这是一个建房子的好地方。

171)5、order

172)①n 叫/要的菜

173)May I take you order now? 您的菜点好了吗?

174)②n 顺序,次序

175)The books are arranged in order of size. 书籍按尺寸码放。

176)③n 命令

177)Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。

178)We did it on his order. 我们奉他之命做了那件事。

179)④v 命令

180)The officer ordered his soldiers to march. 长官命令他的士兵前进。

181)⑤v 预订,订购

182)I have ordered a new computer from the shop. 我从商店里订购了一台新电脑。

183)I‘ve ordered a steak.我点了一份牛排。

184)6. take a chance 碰运气

185)As for whether he will win the game or not, we must take a chance. 对于他能否取胜,我们只能碰运气。

186)7、manner n

187)①方法;方式

188)Why are you talking in such a strange manner? 你为什么用这种奇怪的方式谈话?189)②态度;举止

190)He talked to her in a very rude manner. 他很粗鲁地和她说话。

191)③礼貌,礼节;风俗,习俗

192)It's bad manners to talk with a mouth full. 嘴里有食物时说话不礼貌。

193)You should have good manners all the time. 你应该时时刻刻都讲礼貌。

194)These are the manners and customs of the Chinese. 这些是中国人的风俗习惯。

195)(4) genuine adj 真正的;真实的;名副其实的

196)We cannot make sure it is a genuine painting. 我们不能确认它是一幅真画。

197)辨析:

198)genuine指物品的来历或性质同所说的是一致的。如:

199)a genuine antique 一件真古董。

200)genuine knowledge 真知;真正的知识

201)real adj 真实的;真正的;指从外表看来不是虚假或伪造的

202)That is a real dog, not a toy. 那是一条真狗,而不是一个玩具。

203)true adj 意为―真实的;确实的;确切的‖ 指符合实际情况。

204)It is true that he has won the prize. 他确实赢得了奖品。

205)Is it true that he is rich? 他很富有,是真的吗?

206)8、in rags穿着破旧衣服;穿得破破烂烂的(状态)

207)The old man is in rags. 那个老人穿得破破烂烂的。

208)9、indeed adv

209)①的确是;实在是;当然

210)Did you hear the explosion last night? 你昨晚听见爆炸声了吗?

211)Indeed I did. 我确实听到了。

212)②(表示惊奇、反语等)真是的;的确

213)I earn $1000 a day. 我一天赚一千美元。

214)Indeed? 真的吗?

215)10、from the bottom of one‘s heart 衷心地,真诚地;发自内心地

216)It was a request from the bottom of my heart. 这是我发自内心的请求。

217)拓展:

218)break one‘s heart 让某人伤心learn sth by heart 记住

219)heart and soul 全心全意地lose heart 失去信心

220)lose one‘s heart to sb = fall in love with sb 爱上某人

221)宾语从句:引导词为that; whether/ if; what; which; who; whom; whose; when; where; how; why and so on. The object clause can be placed after vt, prep, and some adj.

222)语法:名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句)

223)宾语从句:注意事项

224)用陈述句的语序。

225)注意从句的时态呼应(主句是现在时,从句用各种时态;主句是过去时,从句用过去的时态,包括过去、过去进行、过去完成、过去将来),表示客观真理或普遍事实时除外。226)主句的谓语动词是advise, demand, request, order, suggest, insist时,宾语从句的谓语动词用should +v.

227)主句的主语是第一人称,谓语是think, suppose, believe, expect, imagine时,否定转移。228)that引导宾语从句时,一般省略。不省略的情况为:a. 从句位于句首以示强调时;b. 及

物动词后的第二个及以后的宾语从句;c. 谓语动词和that从句间有短语隔开时;d. 在复合宾语中;e. 宾语从句由“从句+主句”构成,从句的引导词紧跟在主句谓语动词后,that 不省。

229)2、表语从句:

230)①从属连词引导

231)The question is whether we should ask them for help.

232)The fact remains that you are still behind the others.

233)②连接代词引导

234)Guilin is not what it used to be.

235)What she wants to know is which dress she should buy.

236)③连接副词引导

237)That is where Lu Xun used to live.

238)That is why he didn‘t pass the exam.

239)That was how they were defeated.

240)注:还可由as if 或as though引导。

241)It looks as if it were going to rain.

242)Unit4

243)重点单词、词组

244)单词

245)astronomy, system, religion theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, , carbon, atmosphere, unlike, fundamental, harmful, acids, chain, multiplied, oxygen, exist, thus, dioxide, gravity, satellite, physicist, climate, crash, spaceship, pull float, weight

246)词组

247)solar system, begin with,in all direction, in time, lay eggs give birth to, prevent... from, depend on, block out, cheer up, now that, get the hang of, break out, watch out.

248)重点句子:

249)However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a ―Big Bang‖that threw matter in all directions.

250)The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.

251)It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen water vapour, and other gases, which were to make the earth‘s atmosphere.

252)What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.

253)So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

254)When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth‘s.

255)I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

256)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth‘s gravity increased.

257)language point

258)explode vt. & vi.(使)爆炸;爆发

259)vt. & vi. (使某物)爆炸,炸开

260)explode a bomb

261)The firework exploded in his hand.

262)vi. (感情)突然迸发,(人口等)突然或迅速增加

263)At last, his anger exploded. 他终于大发雷霆。

264)She exploded into loud laughter. 他突然大笑起来。

265)Because they didn‘t have proper birth control policy, the population exploded.

266)2. in time

267)sooner or later; eventually;

268)I‘ll see him in time.

269)You‘ll succeed in time if you work hard.

270)not late

271)She will be back in time to prepare dinner.

272)与time相关的短语:

273)in no time 立刻,马上

274)at times 有时

275)at a time 每次;依次

276)once upon a time 从前

277)on time 按时;准时

278)at one time 从前

279)for the time being 暂时

280)from time to time 不时地

281)kill time 消遣, 消磨时光

282)take one‘s time 不着急, 慢慢来

283)3. fundamental

284)十分重大的;根本的fundamental difference

285)Hard work is fundamental to success

286)4. …by laying eggs.

287)lay-laid-laid-laying 放, 把...... 放在......; 产卵

288)He laid his books on the desk.

289)注意: lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;产卵

290)lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于

291)lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎

292)The naughty boy lied to me that the hen that lay there just now had laid two eggs the day before.

293)5. give birth to

294)生(孩子)

295)She‘s just given birth to a healthy baby girl.

296)产生

297)The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.

298)6. prevent…..from

299)The heavy snow prevented the children going to school.

300)We were prevented by heavy smog from seeing anything.

301)Ps: prevent sb. / sth. from doing sth. 用于主动语态时,prevent sb. / sth. from doing sth. 和stop sb. / sth. from doing sth.中的from常可省略,而keep sb. / sth. from doing sth.中的from不可省略. 用于被动语态时,三者中的from都不能省略。

302)7. depend

303)vi. 相信,信赖;依靠,依赖(尤指钱); 视……而定

304)Good health depends on good food, enough sleep and exercise.

305)他是个可信赖的人。

306)He is a man to be depended on.

307)You can‘t depend on your parents forever.

308)depend on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做什么

309)---Will you go skiing with me this winter/

310)---It/That (all/just) depends. 视情况而定

311)dependable 可信赖的

312)block out

313)挡住、遮住(光线或声音)

314)Black clouds blocked out the sun.

315)2、忘掉、抹去(不愉快的事情)

316)Over the years she had tried to block out that part of her life.

317)Cheer up

318)Cheer sb./ sth. Up

319)Oh, come on---cheer up.

320)Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.

321)使……颜色变亮

322)Bright curtains can cheer up a dull room.

323)倍数表达法

324)1). ―A + be + 倍数+ as +形容词原级+ as + B‖.

325)This tree is three times as tall as that one.

326)His father is twice as old as he.

327)2). ―A + be + 倍数+形容词比较级+ than + B ‖

328)The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.

329)长江差不多比珠江长两倍。

330)The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs.

331)我们学校的学生数量比他们学校的多三倍。

332)3). ―A + be + 倍数+ the +名词(size, length, amount) + of + B‖

333)The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.

新扩建的广场是未扩建时的四倍大。

334)now that

335)Now that you are busy, let me do it for you.

336)Now that everyone is here,let‘s start work.

337)break out

338)它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样,是不及物动词,不能带宾语,不能用于被动语态。

339)(战争、疾病、灾难)爆发

340)The American Civil War broke out in 1861.

341)美国内战爆发于1861年。

342)发生争吵

343)A quarrel broke out between them.

344)他们之间发生了争吵。

345)break down 打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉

346)break in 破门而入; 打断

347)break through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服

348)break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解

349)break one's word/promise 食言; 说话不算数

350)Unit 5 Canada —―The True North‖

351)III.语言点

352)Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.

353)她们不想一路乘飞机,她们决定先飞到温哥华,再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。

354)rather than 表示客观事实,意为―是……而不是……;与其……不如……‖。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。355)He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。

356)The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.

357)与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

358)We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.

359)我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。

360)She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。

361)I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.

362)We should help him rather than he should help us.

363)是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。

364)rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

365)You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。

366)2. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.

367)that引导同位语从句。

368)[考例]

The news _____ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday‘s newspaper. (上海)

369)A. which B. whether C. what D. that

370)3. in; on; to

371)4. settle down 舒适地坐下/躺下

372)对(工作/生活)定下心来

373)使……平静

374)那个老人希望他儿子结婚并定居下来。

375)The old man hoped his son would marry and settle down.

376)这种药片能使你安静一整天。

377)This kind of pills can settle you down for a whole day.

378)settle down to sth. / v-ing开始认真对待;静下心来做

379)他们终于开始讨论一些主要问题了。

380)They finally settled down to a discussion of the main issues.

381)5. manage to do = succeed in doing sth. 是―设法做、设法完成某事‖的意思。

382)Although he hasn‘t received any formal education, Mr Wang managed to finish his task.

383)We should manage to realize our dream.

384)[辨析]

385)manage to do sth.的意思是―设法成功地完成……‖;

386)try to do sth.的意思是―尽力做……(但结果不一定成功)‖。

387)如:

388)He worked hard and managed to pass the exam. 他努力学习并顺利通过了考试。389)He tried to pass the exam, but failed because of laziness.

390)他试图想通过考试,但是由于懒惰而最终失败了。

391)6. across; through; along; over

392)eg. It is dangerous to rush across the street if you don‘t watch out for the cars.

393)I will see some beautiful birds if I walk through a rainforest.

394)My office is the third floor along the corridor on the left.

395)7. They were not leaving for Montreal until later, so they went on a tour of the city. 她们要晚些时候才动身去蒙特利尔, 因此就在多伦多市内游览了一番。

396)until/till 直到……为止。肯定形式表示的意思是―做某事直至某时‖, 动词必须是延续性的。

397)I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

398)Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。

399)not…until 直到……才。否定形式表达的意思是―直至某时才做某事‖。动词一般为非延续性的。

400)He didn‘t finish the work until yesterday.

401)Don‘t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。

402)否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

403)not until …在句首, 主句用倒装。

404)Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

405)直到19 世纪初, 人类才知道热能是什么。

406)b. 用于强调句It is not u ntil… that…

407)It was not until I told him that he knew about it. 直至我告诉他, 他才知道这件事。

408)8. …because most of the Chinese people here come from South China, especially Hong Kong.

409)especially表示―尤其, 格外, 特别‖,意思相当于―in particular‖或―particularly‖。多用在介词短语或连词前面。

410)specially表示―为了一个特别的目的,专门地, 特别地‖, 意思相当于―for a special reason or purpose‖。

411)I came specially to see you. 我特地来看你。

412)The weather has been especially cold. 最近天气特别冷。

413)It‘s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____if you don‘t speak the language.

A. extremely

B. especially

C. specially

D. naturally

414)9. It‘s too bad you can‘t go as far as Ottawa, Canada‘s capital. (P38)

415)as far as 1) 直到……远,远到……;

416)(表示程度,范围)就……;据……;至于……。常用于as far as I know―据我所知‖,as far as I am concerned ―就我而言‖等结构中。

417)_____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (北京2004春)

418)A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if

419)10. The train left late that night and arrived in Montreal at dawn the next morning. 420)火车在那夜晚些时候起程,第二天黎明到达了蒙特利尔。

421)at, on, in表示时间的用法区别

422)at表示时间点, 常用来表示时刻, 如果一段时间按时间点对待也用at。

423)at 2:30, at dawn / noon / night / dusk / sunrise / sunset / breakfast / lunch dinner / supper, at this / that time, at the beginning of this century

424)at也可以表示节假日, 例如: at Easter, at Christmas

425)on表示一天或某一天的一部分。

426)on Monday, on September 26, on Monday morning, on Friday evening

427)in表示少于一天或多于一天的时间段。

428)in the morning / afternoon / evening, in a week, in three days, in May, in spring, in 2002, 429)in my childhood

430)注: morning, afternoon, evening, night这些名词如果有一个表示具体某一天的名词作定语时, 介词不用in 或at, 而应该用on。

431)on Thursday evening, on a cold winter morning, on the afternoon of April 8,

432)on the night of his return

433)11. The girls told him they were on a train trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal.

434)女孩子们告诉他,她们是在乘火车穿越加拿大的旅行中,在蒙特利尔只呆一天。

435)如果在一个复合句中有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句, 第一个that可以省略, 第二个及以后的that不可以省略。

高一英语必修4 各单元知识点归纳

Unit1 Women of achievement

重要词汇拓展

1 achievement n.成就,功绩→achieve v.达到,完成,实现

2 welfare n 福利事业,福利

3. project n.方案, 计划,, 设计,工程, 企业, 事业,科研项目; 课外自修项目

vi. ①伸出, 突出②设想自已处身于(into)

4. specialist n.专家,专业工作者→special adj.特殊的,专门的→specialize vi.专攻,专门从事

5. connection n.连接,关系→connect v.连接

6. condition n. 状况(不可数),条件(可数),环境(复数)on no condition 决不

https://www.doczj.com/doc/d313826371.html,anization n.组织,机构,团体organize—vt.组织;筹备, 成立; 使加入工会,使有条理

8.behave v.举止,表现→behavior n.行为,举止

9. shade n.阴凉处v.遮住光线

10.▲worthwhile adj.值得的,值得做的It is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth.

worth adj.值……,值得……be worth doing

worthy adj.值得做的,可尊敬的be worthy of sth/ being done be worthy to be done

11. observe v.观察,观测,遵守→observation n.观察,观测

12. respect v./n.尊敬,尊重,敬意→respectable adj.值得尊敬的,正派的,体面地→respectful adj.有礼貌的,恭敬的

13. argue .v.争论,辩论→argument n.争论,辩论argued-adj 引起争论的

14.entertainment-n 款待,娱乐entertain-v 款待;招待,娱乐,抱有,怀着(想法、疑问)

15. crowd n.人群,观众v.挤满,使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的

16. inspire v.鼓舞,激发→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的,有灵感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人的→inspiration n.鼓舞,灵感

17 support v.支持,拥护→supporter n.支持者,拥护者

18.refer-vi 谈到,查阅,参考

19.intend v.计划,打算→intention n.打算,目的,意图

20.considerate adj.考虑周到的→consider v.考虑,认为

→consideration n考虑,体谅→considering prep考虑到

21.kind adj 仁慈的,和善的,友爱的kindness –n 仁慈,好意,善良

22.deliver v.递送,生(小孩),接生,发表(演讲等)→delivery n.投递,交货,分娩

23.modest adj 谦虚的,谦让的,适度的

重点短语梳理

1 devote…to (doing) sth.把…奉献给devote oneself to致力于,献身于be devoted to专心致志于

2 human beings 人类

3 move off 离开,启程,出发

4 lead a…life 过着……的生活

5 crowd in 涌上心头,涌入脑海

6 look down on/ upon 蔑视,瞧不起

7 refer to 查阅,参考,谈到(其中,to为介词)

8 by chance 碰巧,凑巧

9. come across 偶遇,碰见

10. carry on 继续,坚持carry out 实行,执行,完成

11. be dressed in 穿着…dress as 打扮成…

12.fight for 为….而战fight against 与…战斗

13.put to death判死刑

14. concern oneself with…关注…注意…

15.intend to do sth./ doing sth. 打算做某事

16. in the shade of 在…的树荫下,在…的庇护下

17.gain doctor‘s degree 获得博士学位

18. be considered as 被看做….

19.take turns to do sth 采取步骤做某事

20.do research on…做…方面的研究

21.mean to do 打算做某事mean doing 意味着

22. by now 直到现在

重点句型再现

1 She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.

她花去多年的时间观察和记录它们的日常活动。

(spend+时间/金钱+doing sth 花时间或金钱去做某事)

2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她的母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙;这才使她得以开始自己的计划。

(only位于句首并修饰状语,句子要发生部分倒装,将助动词或联系动词置于主语之前)

3 Following Jane‘s way of studing chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 我们一行人将按照Jane研究猩猩的方法去森林里拜访他们。

(-ing作方式状语。注意非谓语动词作状语时的区别:-ing主动/进行/延续,-ed被动/过去,to do主动/将来)

4.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen carrer travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles 看起来她忙于所选择的和写作一样的到国外研究。

(It seemed that+从句:似乎是,看起来好像是。as well as 还有)

5.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients

后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。

(What made her succeed主语从句。了解what引导的名词性从句的译法,明白它们在句中的成分:作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)

语法剖析(主谓一致)

主谓一致,指人称和数方面的一致关系。分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。

(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项:

1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。如: Air as well as water is matter.空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。

2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如:

The poet and writer has come.那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)

用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.

为人民服务是我最大的幸福.

When we‘ll go out for an outing has been decided.

我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。

4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。

5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:

Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。

6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球.

More than one student was late.不只一个学生迟到

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。

7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:

None of us are (is) perfect.人无完人。

None of this worries me.这事一点不使我着急。

8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:

His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:

A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。

9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

10. ―a +名词+and a half ―, ―one and a half + 名词‖, ―the number of + 名词‖ 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:

Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:

One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。

(二) 内容一致原则:

1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及‖分数或百分数+名词‖做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:

The rest of the bikes are on sale today.剩下的自行车,今天出售。

60%of the apple was eaten by little boy.这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。

Most of the apples were rotten.大部分的苹果都是烂的。

Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。

2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:

A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。

A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。

3. 加减乘除用单数.如:

Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。

4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:

Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。

5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如:

The British police have only very limited powers.

(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.

(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:

The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。

6. the +形容词/过去分词形式‖表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:

The injured were saved after the fire.

(三) 就近原则

1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:

Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.

Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。

Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?

你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢?

2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如:

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.

He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。

注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如:Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。

The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。

Units 2 Working the land

重要词汇拓展

1 sunburn v.日晒,晒黑→sunburnt adj.晒黑的

2 struggle v./n.挣扎,奋斗,努力struggle against struggle for struggle with

3 decade n.十年,十年期

4 super n.冗员, 额外人员; [口]特级品, 特大号商品; 超级市场adj特级的, 极好的, 非凡的

5. hunger n.饥饿,渴望/v.使饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的;渴望的

6.output n. 产量,输出,input 输入,消费

7.disturbing adj 引起烦恼的,令人不安的,disturb v. 打扰,麻烦

8.expand vt.扩大, 扩展,张开, 使发, 详谈; 引伸

9. circulate v.循环,流通→circulation n.循环,流传

10. battle n.战役,战斗v.搏斗,奋斗

11. therefore adv.因此,所以

12. rid vt 摆脱,除去

13.freedom n 自由,自主→free adj 自由的,免费的

14.equip v.配备,装备→equipment n.设备

15. export v.输出,出口n.输出(品)→import v.输入,进口n.进口(品)

16.nationality n 国籍,national adj 国家的,民族的nation n. 国家

17.occupation n 工作,职业,占领occupy v.占用,使从事,把注意力集中于...占领, 占据

18.confuse v.使迷惑,使为难→confused adj.感到迷惑的confusing adj.令人迷惑的

19 regret v./n.后悔,遗憾→regretful adj.后悔的,遗憾的

20.production n.生产,制造,productive 可生产的,可制造的,produce –v 生产,制造

21.discovery n. 发现,发觉,discover-v 发现,

22.focus v. 集中,聚焦,n 焦点,中心点

23. reduce v.减少,缩减→reduction n.减少,缩减

24 comment n./v.评论,议论

重点短语梳理

1 if not 如果不…. If so 如果这样,

2.consider oneself sth 自认为是…consider sb sth 认为某人是…

3.since then 从那时起

4.search for a way to do sth 寻找做某事的途径。

5.thanks to 幸亏,由于,因为(to为介词)

6.rid…of…摆脱,除去get rid of 除去…

7. be satisfied with 对……感到满意

8 would rather do than do宁愿,宁可…也不…=would do rather than do

9with the hope of 满怀希望..

10.in some way 在某种程度上

11.cause damage to 对…造成危害。

12.build up 增强,强大

13. lead to 导致,造成(to为介词)

14. focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于

15. keep…from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)

重点句型再现

1. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.

袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻”的稻种。

(what引导的名词性从句在句中作宾语)

2. The special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same field. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。

(makes it possible 中it为形式宾语,to do不定式短语为真正宾语)

3. It’s a great pity that 很遗憾的是….

https://www.doczj.com/doc/d313826371.html,ing his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvest twice as large as before.

由于使用了他的杂质水稻,农民的丰收是以前的两倍。

(-ing动词短语作原因状语)

语法剖析(非谓语动词---动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语)

一、动词-ing形式作主语

●动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首,谓语用单数形式。例如:Listening to music is my sister’s hobby.

●动词-ing形式作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构:

1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing

2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of …etc. + v-ing 例如:

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

二、动词-ing形式作宾语

●动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,又可作介词的宾语。

1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语:

admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。

2. 在下列短语中,to是介词,后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语:

be / get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。

3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:

●like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式;如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式,但要注意:如果like, love, prefer前有would,后面则接动词不定式。如:Would you like to go shopping with me?

●下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同:

forget doing 忘记已做过某事;forget to do 忘记要做某事

remember doing 记得做过某事;remember to do 记住要做某事

mean doing 意思是,意味着;mean to do 打算做

regret doing 后悔做过某事; regret to do 遗憾要做某事

can’t help doing 禁不住做;can’t help (to) do 不能帮忙做。

●在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语,如果这些词后面有名词或

代词作宾语,其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:

We don‘t allow smoking in the classroom.

We don‘t allow students to smoke.

●动词need, require, want作“需要”解时,其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如:

Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.

三、动词-ing的复合结构

动词-ing的复合结构即:物主代词或名词所有格(作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词普通格) + 动词-ing。如:

Lucy‘s turning up surprised everyone present.

Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?

四、动词-ing的时态、语态以及否定形式动词-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式(having done) 两种时态,一般式的被动语态是being done,完成式的被动语态是having been done。动词-ing 的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

动词-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如:

I‘m sorry for not having told you the news earlier.

Unit 3 A taste of English humour

重要词汇拓展

1 humour n.幽默→humorous adj.幽默的

2 content adj.满足的,满意的n.满足;内容v.使满足

3 performer n.表演者,演出者→perform v.表演;做,履行,执行→performance n.表演,履行

4 astonish v.使惊讶→astonishing adj.令人惊讶的astonished adj.感到惊讶的

5 fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune v.幸运,运气→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地

6 depressed adj.忧伤的,抑郁的,消沉的,萧条的depress-v使消沉, 使沮丧, 愁苦,使贬值,

7.ordinary adj.平常的,普通的

8.bored adj.厌烦的→bore v.使厌烦→boring adj.令人厌烦的

9.entertain v.使欢乐,款待→entertainment n.款待;娱乐,消遣

10. throughout prep.遍及,贯穿adv.到处,始终,全部

11.homeless adj 无家可归的,

12.worn adj 用旧的,用坏的,破烂的

13. overcome v.战胜,克服

14. convince v.使信服→convincing adj.令人信服的→convinced adj.相信的,信服的

15. direct v.导演,指示,指挥adj.直的,直接的→director n.导演,指挥→directly adv.直地,直接地→direction n.指导,方向

16.enjoyment n享乐,欢乐,乐趣

17.outstanding adj.突出的,杰出的,显著的

18.particular adj.特殊的,特别的→particularly adv.特殊地,特别地

19 occasion n.时刻,场合→occasional adj.偶尔的,临时的→occasionally adv.偶尔地,有时地

20. slide v./n.滑动,滑行

21.amuse v.使发笑,使愉快→amused adj.愉快的→amusing adj.逗人发笑的,令人愉快的→amusement n.愉快,快乐

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