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2015年中考历史试卷分类汇编 收复台湾与抗击沙俄

2015年中考历史试卷分类汇编 收复台湾与抗击沙俄
2015年中考历史试卷分类汇编 收复台湾与抗击沙俄

收复台湾和抗击沙俄

【内容标准(试验稿)】

(1)讲述郑成功收复台湾和雅克萨之战等史实,感受中国人民反抗侵略的英勇斗争精神。【内容标准(2011版)】

(1)了解郑成功收复台湾和清朝在台湾的建制;

一、选择题

1.(2015·山东东营·6)“开辟荆榛逐荷夷,十年始克复先基”这一诗句反映的是下列哪次反侵略斗争?()

A.戚继光抗倭B.郑成功收复台湾

C.左宗棠收复新疆D.康熙帝组织雅克萨之战

【答案】B

2.(2015·福建厦门·8)《来自星星的你》主人公都教授于1603年8月25日(中国明朝后期)从外星球掉落到朝鲜大地。如果当时他到中国,最不可能()

A.了解科举考试B.听郑和下西洋的故事

C.学习活字印刷术D.查阅《尼布楚条约》

【答案】D

3.(2015·福建泉州·5)图2所示塑像中的人物是泉州籍民族英雄.他面向祖国宝岛台湾,所骑战左前蹄踩着殖民侵略者的头盔。“殖民侵略者”来自()

A.葡萄牙 B.西班牙

C.荷兰 D.日本

【答案】C

4.(2015·内蒙古赤峰·4)民族团结和祖国统一始终是我国历史发展的主流。下列历史事件中能够体现这一主题的是()

①赤壁之战②文成公主人藏③郑成功收复台湾④清设驻藏大臣⑤1684年清设台湾府巩固了东南海防

A.①②③④ B.①③④⑤

C.②③④⑤ D.①②④⑤

【答案】C

5.(2015·湖北黄石·12)1683年,清军进入台湾,之后在台湾设置机构,加强了台湾同祖国内地的联系。该机构是()

A.台湾县,隶属浙江省 B.台湾府。隶属广东省

C.台湾道,隶属福建省 D.台湾府,隶属福建省

【答案】D

6.(2015·湖南邵阳·6)在中国古代皇帝中,在位时间最长的前四位分别是康熙帝(61年)、乾隆帝(60年)、辽道宗(56年)、汉武帝(54年)。下列关于这四位皇帝的叙述中,正确的是()

A.康熙帝取得雅克萨之战的胜利 B.乾隆帝设立军机处

C.辽道宗建立契丹国 D.汉武帝创立科举制度

【答案】A

二、辨析改错题

7.(2015·黑龙江龙东·23)指出下列表述中的错误,并加以改正。

(1)《南京条约》从法律上肯定了黑龙江和乌苏里江流域,包括库页岛在内的广大地区都是中国领土。

错误:改正:

(2)中国近代最早的一所体制完备的高等学府是京师同文馆。

错误:改正:

(3)粉碎林彪反革命集团,标志着“文化大革命”的结束。

错误:改正:

(4)《权利法案》是法国大革命的纲领性文件,核心内容是人权与法制。

错误:改正:

【答案】23.(1)错误:《南京条约》改正:《尼布楚条约》

(2)错误:京师同文馆改正:京师大学堂

(3)错误:林彪改正:“四人帮”(江青)

(4)错误:《权利法案》改正:《人权宣言》

三、非选择题

8.(2015·山东德州·16)(9分)文化是国家和民族的灵魂,是国家精神和民族品格的体现。阅读材料,结合所学知识探究下列问题:

【文字篇】

材料一中华民族有三道“长城”,第一道长城是秦始皇时期修建的防御工事“万里长城”,第二道“长城”是汉字……

——林语堂《如何理解中国人》

(1)我国有文字可考的历史始于何时?秦始皇对汉字的发展有何贡献?(2分)

【思想篇】

材料二(汉武帝)及其近臣们将所谓“儒术”扩展之后又延长……孔子所提倡的自身之约束,待人之宽厚,人本主义之精神,家人亲族的团结和礼仪上之周到等等全部构成官僚集团行动上的规范。

——黄仁宇《中国大历史》

(2)汉武帝将“儒术”扩展并延长的重大举措有哪些?(2分)

【艺术篇】

(3)法国史学家丹纳说:要理解一件艺术品或一个艺术家,必须要正确地设想他们所处的时代的精神和风俗概况。

请以右图为例,说明它与时代的关系。(2分)

【人物篇】

材料三

(4)从材料三所列人物中任选一位,写出其“挺起民族脊梁,奏响时代发展最强音”的典型事例。为何说杰出人物铸就了民族复兴的“万里长城”?(3分)

【答案】16.(9分)(1)商朝。(1分)统一文字为小篆,后又推广隶书。(1分)(2)纳董仲舒之议,“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”;(1分)在长安举办太学,大力推行儒学教育。(1分)

(3)该图反映了宋代商业经济的繁荣和城市的发展,以及市民阶层的壮大。(2分)(4)郑成功:1662年击败荷兰殖民者,收复宝岛台湾;张謇:提出“实业救国”的口号,创办大生纱厂等一系列企业;邓稼先:先后领导设计了中国的原子弹和氢弹,被称为“两弹元勋”。(任写一点即可得2分)因为杰出人物对维护国家统一、推进民族复兴、传承民族文化、涵养民族性格、凝聚民族精神具有重要作用。(1分,意思相近即可)9.(2015·山东泰安·41)中国历代统治者采取一系列措施,有效的巩固了政权,维护了国家统一。阅读下列材料,回答问题。(13分)

材料一

周初形势图

(1)读图并结合所学知识回答:周朝实施了哪一措施加强对地方的控制?其内容是什么?(3分)

材料二这位新皇帝开始将早先在本国取得辉煌成功的法家学说应用到全国。他废除了所有

封建国家和王国,将广阔的国土划分为若干行政区,每一行政区都配备一批由中央任命,并向政府负责的官员。

——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识判断“新皇帝”是谁?为巩固统治,这位“新皇帝”在地方上推行什么制度?(2分)

(3)西域都护府是西汉政府设置在西域地区的最高行政机构。西域都护府的设置有何重大意义?(1分)

材料三(元朝疆域)“北与阴山,西及流沙,东尽辽东,南越海表”,“汉唐极盛之际不及也”。

(4)概括材料三,你可以获取的主要信息是什么?元世祖忽必烈为了实现对其疆域的有效管辖实行了什么制度?(2分)

(5)清朝疆域东南到宝岛台湾及其附属岛屿钓鱼岛、赤尾屿等。但在历史上台湾经历了与大陆的三次分离,前两次分别是被哪个国家侵占的?又是怎么回到母亲怀抱的?新时期邓小平提出解决台湾问题的基本方针是什么?(5分)

【答案】41.(1)措施:分封制(1分)内容:周天子把土地和平民、奴隶分给亲属、功臣等,封他们为诸侯。诸侯必须服从天子的命令,向天子交纳贡品,平时镇守疆土,战时带兵随从天子作战。(2分)

(2)秦始皇(1分。嬴政也可)郡县制。(1分)

(3)新疆地区开始隶属中央政府的管辖,成为中国领土不可分割的一部分。(1分)(4)元朝疆域辽阔。(1分)行省制度。(1分)

(5)荷兰、日本。(2分)郑成功收复台湾(1分。清朝设置台湾府,隶属福建省也可);抗日战争胜利,台湾回到祖国怀抱。(1分)一国两制。(1分)

10.(2015·广西贺州·17)(6分)清朝前期加强了对我国边疆地区的管辖。请你结合所学知识回答下列问题。

(1)清朝是怎么加强了对我国边疆地区的管辖?(4分)

(2)请你谈谈清朝对边疆地区进行有效管辖的意义。(2分)

【答案】(1)设置台湾府;平定大小合作叛乱;设置伊犁将军;妥善安置回归祖国的土尔扈特部。(4分)

(2)加强了各民族之间的经济文化联系;促进了边疆地区的开发;使我国统一多民族国家得到进一步巩固。(2分。答对两点即可)

11.(2015·广西北海·16)(9分)阅读下列图片:

图1 郑成功接受荷军投降图2 乾隆帝接见东归英雄渥巴锡

图3 中英香港政权交接仪式

结合所学知识回答问题:

(1)图1反映的是郑成功收复哪里的史实?(1分)

(2)图2反映了乾隆帝接见率领部众回归祖国的英雄渥巴锡的情景,请问渥巴锡及部众从哪里回归祖国?(1分)他们所在的部落是哪个少数民族的一支?(1分)

(3)图3记录了香港回归祖国的历史时刻,这是邓小平提出的什么伟大构想的成功运用?(1分)这一伟大构想提出的根本目的是什么?(1分)

(4)香港回归后,设立了香港特别行政区,这里的“特别”指的是什么?(1分)

(5)维护国家统一、主权完整是每个公民的义务,当前还存在哪些不利与祖国统一的因素?(1分)请你为维护祖国统一提一个建议。(1分)

【答案】(1)台湾;(1分)(2)伏尔加河下游;(1分)蒙古族;(1分)(3)“一国两制”;(1分)根本目的:维护祖国和中华民族根本利益;(1分)(4)享有高度自治权,原有的资本主义制度不变;(1分)

(5)分裂势力的破坏,外国的干涉等;(1分)加强民族团结、维护祖国统一等。(1分)12.(2015·黑龙江绥化·30)仔细阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一“台湾者,中国之土地也,久为贵国之所踞,今余即来索,则地当归我。”

材料二嘉靖四十年(1561年),倭寇几千人袭击浙江台州、桃渚、圻头等地,戚继光率部队在人民群众的配合支持下,先后九战九捷,歼灭大量倭寇,取得了决定性倒胜利。请回答:

(1)材料一这句话是谁说的?他最大的功绩是什么?“贵国”是指哪一个国家?(3分)(2)材料二中的人物对中华民族的最大贡献是什么?(1分)如何评价材料一、二中的人物?(1分)

(3)在清朝前期有一位帝王与他们一样抗击了外来侵略,保卫了国家主权,你知道他是谁吗?(1分)

【答案】30.(1)郑成功。(1分)收复台湾。(1分)荷兰。(1分)(2)抗击倭寇,维护了国家主权。(1分))我国的民族英雄。(1分)(3)康熙。(1分)

历年中考真题分类汇编(数学)

第一篇基础知识梳理 第一章数与式 §1.1实数 A组2015年全国中考题组 一、选择题 1.(2015·浙江湖州,1,3分)-5的绝对值是() A.-5 B.5 C.-1 5 D. 1 5 解析∵|-5|=5,∴-5的绝对值是5,故选B. 答案 B 2.(2015·浙江嘉兴,1,4分)计算2-3的结果为() A.-1 B.-2 C.1 D.2 解析2-3=-1,故选A. 答案 A 3.(2015·浙江绍兴,1,4分)计算(-1)×3的结果是() A.-3 B.-2 C.2 D.3 解析(-1)×3=-3,故选A. 答案 A 4.(2015·浙江湖州,3,3分)4的算术平方根是() A.±2 B.2 C.-2 D. 2 解析∵4的算术平方根是2,故选B. 答案 B 5.(2015·浙江宁波,3,4分)2015年中国高端装备制造业收入将超过6万亿元,其中6万亿元用科学记数法可表示为()

A.0.6×1013元B.60×1011元 C.6×1012元D.6×1013元 解析6万亿=60 000×100 000 000=6×104×108=6×1012,故选C.答案 C 6.(2015·江苏南京,5,2分)估计5-1 2介于() A.0.4与0.5之间B.0.5与0.6之间C.0.6与0.7之间D.0.7与0.8之间解析∵5≈2.236,∴5-1≈1.236, ∴5-1 2≈0.618,∴ 5-1 2介于0.6与0.7之间. 答案 C 7.(2015·浙江杭州,2,3分)下列计算正确的是() A.23+26=29B.23-26=2-3 C.26×23=29D.26÷23=22 解析只有“同底数的幂相乘,底数不变,指数相加”,“同底数幂相除,底数不变,指数相减”,故选C. 答案 C 8.★(2015·浙江杭州,6,3分)若k<90<k+1(k是整数),则k=() A.6 B.7 C.8 D.9 解析∵81<90<100,∴9<90<100.∴k=9. 答案 D 9.(2015·浙江金华,6,3分)如图,数轴上的A,B,C,D四点中,与表示数-3的点最接近的是 () A.点A B.点B C.点C D.点D

高考英语真题分类汇编各种题型全汇总

阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ,6分话题:骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数:274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals.

2017中考英语真题分类汇编名词

名词 ( C )1. (2017江西) —Do you have any for tonight yet? —Not yet. What about having a picnic on the beach? A. problems B. news C. plans D. rules ( A )2. (2017福建) —Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Beijing Opera. —That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese . A. culture B. invention C. custom D. tradition ( A )3. (2017海南) It is very hot in Hainan this summer. On June 3rd, the in Lingao reached 41.9℃. A. temperature B. information C. development D. progress ( C )4. (2017上海) Did the policeman give much on how to protect personal information? A. note B. tip C. advice D. book ( C )5. (2017天津) Don’t stand too close to North Americans. You’d better give them more personal . A. time B. system c. space D. pity ( C )6. (2017重庆) —Judy, I will have a meeting in Canada next week. —Well, you’d better take a with you, or you may easily get lost. A. photo B. stamp C. map D. postcard ( A )7. (2017安徽) The New Silk Road will offer a good for more nations to communicate. A. chance B. habit C. question D. price ( B )8. (2017山西) You should look into his eyes when you talk to somebody. It shows your . A. shyness B. politeness C. quietness D. rudeness ( C )9. (2017南京) —I go swimming every day. —Wow! That’s a good . It keeps you healthy. A. match B. task C. habit D. dream ( C )10. (2017武汉) —I wonder if you’ve made a decision on the project, Eric. —Not yet. I can’t make it until I have first-hand on prices. A. news B. knowledge C. information D. education ( B )11. (2017哈尔滨) During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat as a traditional Chinese food. A. pizza B. dumplings C. hamburgers D. bread ( C )12. (2017苏州)—Shall we go on Friday or Saturday? —Either day is OK. It makes no to me. A. choice B. change C. difference D. decision ( B )(2017孝感)13. Computers are very useful. They can help us get much on the Internet. A. games B. information C. courage D. messages ( C )(2017青岛) 14. Fruit is good for health, so I often have breakfast with one .

高考英语试题分类汇编阅读理解

高考英语试题分类汇编阅 读理解 RUSER redacted on the night of December 17,2020

2017年高考英语试题分类汇编——阅读理解(2016湖南) A L1PITOR

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