Unit4 迪特尔·拉姆斯：我们这个世界的塑造者
1．迪特尔·拉姆斯的房子位于法兰克福城外的克龙贝格，非常非常整洁。地板是由冷色调的白色瓷砖铺成的大方格，屋内的一应陈设也都遵循着这一格调。长方形的桌子和搁架保持平行，桌上的文件与桌边线保持平行，镇纸与一摞摞纸保持平行，只有一个圆口大酒杯作为偶尔出现的陪衬物，打破了直角的严格标准。在地下室的工作间，所有的工具排列整齐，如军事标准般精确到不差分毫。
2．这个家就是一件艺术品。从平屋顶到门把手，基本上都是由拉姆斯自己设计的。―还有那些盆景，‖他微笑着说，点头示意我们看院子里的树木，那些树木修剪得就像中士的发型。
3．我是跟一个摄制组一道来到这里的，这些人远谈不上整洁。虽然我们如大象般踮着脚四下缓步而行，77岁的拉姆斯和与他相伴40年的妻子英格博格还是跟在我们后面，将我们弄错位超过l厘米的东西摆整齐。在这位设计之神的家里，一切都不是想当然的样子。
4．拉姆斯深受尊崇，设计博物馆将于下周为他举行回顾展即是明证。苹果公司的乔纳森·伊夫，以及贾斯珀·莫里森、菲利普·斯塔克都对他顶礼膜拜。他是比苹果公司早出40年就做出苹果公司那一类的产品。他发明我们人人渴求的消费电子产品时，伊夫——iPhone和iMac的设计者——甚至还没有出生。拉姆斯的博朗SK4电唱机是世界上第一个真正意义上的高保真音响，酷酷的灰白色盒子，带着神秘的极简抽象风格，被人戏称为―白雪公主灵匣‖。拉姆斯于1956年将它设计成形，这比披头士乐队的出现还早5年。与其他1956年的日常消费品放在一起，SK4看起来就像外星球在向我们传送信号。
5．在拉姆斯之前，电子产品，比如电吹风、烤箱、电水壶、收音机、电话、电唱机等，都是傻大粗笨的东西。这些面向大众市场的产品才有不到20年的历史。―它们还没有自己的语言，‖拉姆斯说。相反，它们借用的是其他物品的语言。―收音机，它们看起来像……‖他用浓重的德国口音搜寻着合适的字眼，―像亮闪闪的木房子。‖
6．拉姆斯为它们创造了语言。他为现代的电器产品所作的设计一看就属于电子时代，而不是蒸汽时代。
7．拉姆斯1932年出生于德国西南部繁华的温泉疗养城市威斯巴登的一个木匠世家。他回忆自己从孩提时起，就专注地看爷爷做柜子，那种精细机巧和简洁质朴让他看得直发呆。二战之后，怀着自我完善的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑，但还是禁不住家族传统的诱惑而在木匠业做了一年学徒。
8．1955年，年轻的拉姆斯毕业后来到设在克龙贝格的博朗公司总部，而博朗当时只不过是众多本地公司中的一个。然而，战前包豪斯建筑学派的构想激励着拉姆斯要设计出既实用又美观的物品，而此时，年轻的博朗兄弟也正跃跃欲试，厉行革新。著名的现代派设计师汉斯·古格洛特那时也已经为博朗公司工作。但拉姆斯所带来的是年轻一代的预见。同他一样的爵士乐迷们都对现代爵士乐十分着魔。而―这样的音乐，‖他激动地说道，―竟然是从那些看似巴罗克式家具的收音机中传出来的!‖
9．在―马歇尔计划‖帮助下复苏的德国电子产业陷入与日本的竞争中。因品体管的发明，日本制造的小型收音机席卷市场。―问题是，博朗的产品不可能更便宜了，‖拉姆斯回忆道。―它只能另谋他策。‖设计。苹果之于数字时代的意义，就是博朗之于品体管时代的意义。它使电子产品更容易为人们所接受。
10．拉姆斯的某些设计思想是建立在科学基础上，比如把扬声器与电唱机机体分离以避免杂音干扰。而他的大部分设计则是既重功能也重外观。拉姆斯的创想是，让博朗制造的消费品外形美观，能为新的婴儿潮一代所青睐。车间的技师觉得拉姆斯的想法不切实际。―他们认为人们不会买这种东西，但我们相信这是一条通向未来的道路。战后许多东西都要改变。我们当时的感觉就是要改变一切。这是个原则。‖战后美国的消费热潮刚刚抵达欧洲。人们手头的钱开始有所增加。他们愿意消费。博朗的产品极少有便宜的，但这并未阻挡人们对它们的渴求。
11．接下来的10年博朗推出的产品之多令人惊异。在20世纪60年代，没有哪个中产阶级家庭没有一台博朗的高保真电唱机。即使在今天看来，它们仍然是漂亮得令人心痛的物品，件件都是艺术品。我喜欢它们的按键和调谐钮的排列方式，还有间或点缀以原色的清爽主色调。拉姆斯让博朗消费品能跟―爱必居‖沙发摆在显眼位置。电视机不必再被嵌藏在橱柜里。他发明了分体的高保真设备——磁带放送机、唱盘和扬声器，你可以把它们摆放在桌子上、架子上或者挂在墙上。最重要的是，他的设计品总是很小巧紧凑——这样他去航海时可以随身携带。拉姆斯设计的便携收音机T3(1958)和T4(1969)有着圆形扬声器和透明的调谐度盘，是iPod的老前辈。拉姆斯甚至设计出第一部便携式立体声装置(虽然―立体声‖这个词当时尚未出现)TP1。这是一个收音机与电唱机的组合体，形如今天的笔记本电脑那么大。
12.在电子产品领域，一家公司不仅靠技术水平，而且靠设计，二者齐名于世，这还是第一次。设计成了品牌。它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。埃托雷·索特萨斯设计的甜美绮绚的拉丁风情产品与拉姆斯那种淋漓尽致的日耳曼风格产品形成鲜明对比。(拉姆斯家里为数不多的几件不是自己设计的物品中，有一件就是奥利韦蒂的亮丽红色―情人‖打字机，色彩华贵夺目。)包容统一是一条设计原则。设计要做到简洁，要遵循包豪斯式的外形与功能相一致的传统。―好的设计必须是诚实的。或许这个观点来自我爷爷。他是个
木匠，喜欢一个人干活，‖拉姆斯说。―他不喜欢机器，就像现在我不喜欢计算机。他制作的家具都很简洁。我很钟情于日本人那种删繁就简的传统，‖他用手比画着说道，―但魅力却并不折损。要把更重要的东西放在显著位置。人在一个空房间内比在充斥着各种东西的房间内能更好地思考。‖
13．并不是他设计的每件东西都能最终成为商品。在20世纪60年代他发明了一台便携式电视机，但市场营销人员认为不合时宜。―那好吧，我想，‘他说道，―作为设计师，有时你不得不面对失败。‘这就是博朗20世纪60年代的情况：任何事情都安排得有条不紊、恰如其分。人员之间沟通顺畅。如果市场时机不对，那就没必要设计那样的产品。同样，公司也需要富有活力的设计师、技术人员团队和领导者来开拓新领域——―我觉得乔纳森·伊夫和史蒂夫?乔布斯之间的关系与我和博朗兄弟之间的关系很相似。‖拉姆斯是博朗公司最铁杆的员工。他的一生似乎都以博朗为中心，无论是私人生活还是社交生活。他在公司勤勤恳恳地工作了40年，在此认识了他的妻子还有他最亲密的朋友。夫妇俩没有孩子。他仍然生活在那个社区。
14．美国吉列公司1967年收购博朗之后，情况发生了变化。公司希望将拉姆斯的魔力拓展到所有的产品上，从欧乐B牙刷、吉列剃须刀到打火机、闹钟和计算器等等。但这时设计师和管理层之间的亲密关系已不复存在。―到处都是中层管理者，‖他回忆道。但他还是留下来又干了30年，期间在与其他公司，比如丹麦的Vitsoe公司的合作中找到了这种亲密的工作关系。他在20世纪50年代末开始与Vitsoe公司合作，设计的万用置物柜系统(1960)仍然在生产。这是又一个设计经典。我买了一个：它几乎让我破产，但每天用到它的时候我都会为它的条理分明惊叹不已。我终生都会用它。
15．然而，由于技术的更新换代，拉姆斯设计的电子产品如今早陈列于博物馆了。当今的一次性消费品的泛滥使他痛苦，虽然我想这种泛滥他也不经意地起了助力作用。他不喜欢―设计‖带有孤傲不群的意味，仅仅注重外观。―这是一种糟糕的潮流。设计与时尚无关。菲利普?斯塔克是个艺术家而非设计师。他设计了一些有趣的东西，这我承认，但或许他应该想得更多一点!‖他笑道。―现在的东西太多了。有这么多没用的东西。大多数都不是必需品，而且做过了头。看看周围。我们不能把我们不再需要的垃圾都送到第三世界。我们需要回归更简约、更持久的设计。‖先知再现。
Para1 take one‘s cue from …
…from which everything else takes its cue.
the design of other parts in the room follows the style of the floor.
cue = evidence that helps to solve a problem
take one‘s cue from …
follow one‘s suggestion or take one‘s advice
Para1 align with
= place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight; bring, come, into agreement, close co-operation, etc The second key skill is to keep your head in its most natural position, align with your spine.
So for me, Teach for America is an opportunity to actually align my actions with my thoughts and my hopes and be part of the change we all talk about wanting to see.
Para1 line up
= form a line; place in a line or arrange so as to be parallel or straight
Everyone let's line up so we can make our way down please.
Your level of success and fulfillment depends on how often and how well those decisions line up with your dreams. Para1 out of sync
= out of step or tune; working badly together; out of agreement
Being out of sync with ourselves and our surroundings can cause depression, fear and loneliness.
Her eyes and her brain seemed to be seriously out of sync.
Natural selection would create people who were in sync with their environment.
Para3
All is no quite as it should be in the home of this design god.
= Everything designed and placed in Rams‘s home is totally not what the ordinary people expected.
Para4 revere: respect or hold in awe and veneration
Despite Saunière's reputation for being reclusive, his recognition for dedication to the arts made him an easy man
to revere.
It is hard to free fools from the chains they revere.
Para4 make plain
plain = clear; clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
At the same time, she felt impelled to make plain of her position.
As in the real world, your Internet friends will assume what you want unless you make plain.
Para4 lust after
= have a strong desire for
The iPhone is quite another story, game changing as usual for Apple, and something to lust after.
Para4 beam down
beam=emit light; be bright, as of the sun or a light; broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television
Once you arrive at that planet you can beam down from your spaceship and attempt to complete the mission. From a sky of untarnished blue, the sun beamed down upon the city.
Satellites like the ones that beam down television signals today are in geosynchronous orbit 22, 000 miles above fixed points on the equator.
Para 5
… were chunky, fruity things.
=the products were heavy, dull and strange to look at.
Para 6 spa
The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known as balneotherapy. Spa towns or spa resorts (including hot springs resorts) typically offer various health treatments. The belief in the curative powers of mineral waters goes back to prehistoric times. Such practices have been popular worldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe and Japan.
Para 6
After the war, in the self-improving spirit of the new Germany, he went to art school to study architecture,…After the world war II, the self-perfection spirit was advocated in the new Germany. Under the influence of this tendency, Rams went to learn architecture in art school.
Para 7
Rams, though, was fired up with the prewar Bauhaus dream of functional, beautiful objects, …
The design style of Bauhaus school in Germany focuses on the function as well as the outward appearance of the products they designed, and Rams was encouraged and inspired by this concept.
Para 7 be fired up with …
=(of a person) become excited or angry
It's cold. We'd better fire up the stove.
Want to fire up your meals with homegrown chilies?
Fire up their curiosity and excitement about life by extending their horizons.
Para 8
…Germany‘s electronics industry was locked in competition with Japan, …
=Germany was involved in the competition with Japan in the field of electronics industry.
Para 8 be locked in
= be engaged or involved in
We are locked in war, wanting peace. We‘re torn by division, wanting unity.
They complain that heavyweight lawyers are locked in the fray, and that recovered works are being auctioned off and disappearing from public view.
Para 8
It made electronics approachable.
Because of the design, the electronic products were more easily accepted by consumers.
Para 9 detach
detach = means to separate (a small unit) from a larger, especially for a special assignment.
The fear was that when this quantity of water hit the bottom, it would detach the ice from the bed on which it rested and lubricate its passage to the sea.
She also shrugs off the criticism that Britain's multiculturalism has allowed Muslims to detach themselves from their fellow citizens.
Para 9
Most, though, were as much form as function.
--Most of the products designed by Rams were concerned with outward appearance as well as function.
Para 10 baby boomers
--The members of the baby boom generation in the 1950s;
--The larger generation than expected in United States born shortly after World War II.
Para 10
What followed was a decade of astonishing productivity.
= In the following ten years, Braun designed and produced a lot of electronic goods which brought great surprise. Para 11
For the first time in electronics a company became known for its design as much as its technical performance.
-- Braun became famous not only for its specialized technology, but also for its design. This is the unprecedented case in the filed of electronics.
Para 11 glossy
=having a smooth, gleaming surface
Their glossy barks are a faint light green with hazy silver spots.
The beautiful glossy coat of the cat shone as it lay in sunlight.
Para 12 end up
= finally be or do something; come to be in a particular situation or state, esp. when you did not plan it
A deal might also end up acting as a poison pill for other potential acquirers.
he dispute between Tie and Bollinger Berger could yet end up in the courts.
Para 12
Likewise, you need a dynamic designer, technical staff and leadership to push the boundaries.
=In addition, what a company needs is a designer with vitality, a team with technical performance and leaders with enterprise to pioneer new fields.
Para 12 push the boundaries
boundary -- the line or plane indicating the limits of an area
push the boundary -- to extend one‘s frontiers
In a way, they push the cultural boundary of taboo of display of body.
Malaysia plans to push the boundaries of space travel/ solar technology.
The funding that flows from such outstanding results allows Oxford to provide academics with facilities to help them push the boundaries of knowledge further.
Para13 on the side
= as an occupation which is not one‘s main work or without official authorization
It is like riding on a dangerous road with no guardrails on the side.
As a software developer, I had a working week of 60 to 80 hours, as well as building my own company on the side. Para13 marvel at
= be amazed at; express astonishment or surprise about something
We marvelled at the child's linguistic abilities.
When Bean returned to Earth he would sit in shopping Malls, simply to marvel at the variety of human life. Visitors marvel at Asia‘s largest viewing window at the aquarium.
Para13 revolve around
= treat as the most important point or element; center upon
For them, questions of public morality often revolve around what it means to be a decent, tolerant society. Background Information
Para1 Dieter Rams
? (born May 20, 1932 in Wiesbaden, Hesse) is a German industrial designer closely associated with the consumer products company Braun and the Functionalist school of industrial design.
? Life and career
? Rams studied architecture at the Werkkunstschule Wiesbaden as well as learning carpentry from 1943 to 1957.
? After working for the architect Otto Apel between 1953 and 1955 he joined the electronic devices manufacturer Braun where he became chief of design in 1961, a position he kept until 1995.
? In 2010, to mark his contribution to the world of design, he was awarded the 'K?lner Klopfer' prize by the students of the Cologne International School of Design.
? Legacy
? Rams' work is an influence on Jonathan Ive, Senior Vice-President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc.
? In the 2009 documentary film Objectified, Rams states that Apple is one of the few companies designing products according to his principles.
Para 7 Braun
? formerly Braun AG, is a German consumer products company based in Kronberg, Germany.
? From 1984 until 2005, Braun was a wholly owned subsidiary of The Gillette Company. Braun is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Procter & Gamble, which acquired Gillette in 2005.
? Max Braun, a mechanical engineer, established a small engineering shop in Frankfurt am Main in 1921. In 1923 he began producing components for radio sets.
? 8 years later, Braun became one of Germany's leading radio manufacturers. This development continued with the launch of one of the first combined radio and record players in 1932.
? In 1944, the Frankfurt factories were nearly entirely destroyed and Max Braun began to rebuild is compagny with 150 employees.
? The 1950s also marked the beginning of the product that Braun is most known for today: the electric shaver. ? In 1962, Braun became Braun AG, a publicly traded company.
? In 1967, a majority share of the company was acquired by the Boston, Massachusetts-based conglomerate Gillette Group.
? By the 1970s, Braun had begun to focus on home consumer appliances, including shavers, coffee makers, razors, clocks, and radios.
? In 1984, Braun became a wholly owned subsidiary of Gillette.
? By the mid-1990s, Braun held a leading position among the world's home appliance manufacturers, but profitability concerns began to surface.
? Gillette was acquired by Procter & Gamble ("P&G") in 2005, making Braun a wholly owned subsidiary of P&G.
Para 7 Bauhaus
? Bauhaus, was a school founded by Walter Gropius in Weimar, Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933.
? A German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918.
? Bauhaus, literally "house of construction" stood for "School of Building".
? The Bauhaus style became one of the most influential currents in Modernist architecture and modern design. Para 7 Baroque
? The Baroque is a period and the style, with elaborate and extensive ornamentation in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, and music. The style started around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe.
? Etymology
? According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word baroque is derived from the Portuguese word "barroco", Spanish "barrueco", or French "baroque", all of which refer to a large, irregularly-shaped, rough or imperfect pearl.
? Modern usage
? In modern usage, the term "Baroque" may still be used, usually pejoratively, describing works of art, craft, or design that are thought to have excessive ornamentation or complexity of line, or, as a synonym for "Byzantine". ? The word was first rehabilitated by the Swiss-born art historian, Heinrich W?lfflin in his Renaissance und Barock (1888), identified as "movement imported into mass," an art antithetic to Renaissance art.
Para 8 the Marshall Plan
? officially the European Recovery Program, ERP
? The initiative was named after Secretary of State George Marshall.
? was the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to combat the spread of Soviet communism.
? The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948.
? The goals of the United States were to rebuild a war-devastated region, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again.
? By 1952 as the funding ended, the economy of every participant state had surpassed pre-war levels; for all Marshall Plan recipients, output in 1951 was at least 35% higher than in 1938. Over the next two decades, Western Europe enjoyed unprecedented growth and prosperity.
Para 11 Olivetti
? The company was founded as a typewriter manufacturer in 1908 in Ivrea by Camillo Olivetti. The firm was mainly developed by his son Adriano Olivetti.
? Olivetti produced Italy's first electronic computer in 1959, and purchased the Underwood Typewriter Company that year.
? In 1964 the company sold its electronics division to the American company General Electric.
? It continued to develop new computing products on its own; one of these was Programma 101, the first commercially-produced personal computer.
Para 11 Latin
? Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language.
? Latin is still used in the process of new word production in modern languages of many different families, including English.
? By the late Roman Republic, a standard, literate form had arisen from the speech of the educated, now referred to as Classical Latin. Vulgar Latin, by contrast, is the name given to the more rapidly changing colloquial language spoken throughout the empire.
? With the Roman conquest, Latin spread to many Mediterranean regions, and the dialects spoken in these areas, mixed to various degrees with the autochthonous languages, developed into the Romance tongues
Para 11 Teutonic
? Teutonic or Teuton(s) may refer to:
? The Teutons/Teutones were mentioned as a Germanic tribe.
? The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European group, originating in southern Scandinavia and Northern Germany.
Para 12 Jonathan Ive
? An English designer and the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc. He is the leading designer and conceptual mind behind the iMac, PowerBook G4, G4 Cube, MacBook, unibody MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, iPod, iPhone, and iPad.
? Career
? Born in London in 1967, Ive studied art and design at Newcastle Polytechnic before co-founding Tangerine, a design consultancy.
? In 1992, one of his clients –– Apple –– offered him a job at its headquarters in Cupertino, California.
? He gained his current position at Apple in 1997 as Senior Vice President of Industrial Design after the return
of Steve Jobs, and since then has headed the Industrial Design team responsible for most of the company's significant hardware products.
? Jobs made design a chief element of the firm‘s product strategy and Ive proceeded to establish the firm‘s leading position with a series of functionally clean, aesthetically pleasing and remarkably popular products.
? The work and principles of Dieter Rams, the Chief of Design at Braun from 1961 until 1995, have influenced Ive's work.
? Awards and nominations
? In 1999, Ive was named to the MIT Technology Review TR100 as one of the top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
? Ive was listed in the 2006 New Years Honours list, receiving a CBE by the Queen Elizabeth II.
? Ive was the winner of the Design Museum‘s inaugural Designer of the Year award in 2002, and won again in 2003. In 2004, he was a juror for the award.
? In July 2007, Ive received the 2007 National Design Award in the product design category for his work on the iPhone.
? In July 2008, Ive was awarded the MDA Personal Achievement award for the design of the iPhone.
? Fortune named Ive as the "world's smartest designer" in 2010, for his work on Apple products.
? Jonathan Ive has over 400 design patents to his name.
Para 12 Steve Jobs
? (February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American inventor and businessman widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer era. He was co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Jobs was co-founder and previously served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of the Walt Disney Company in 2006, following the acquisition of Pixar by Disney.
? In the late 1970s, Jobs—along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, Mike Markkula and others—designed, developed, and marketed one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. ? In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets.
? In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm Ltd, which was spun off as Pixar Animation Studios. He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive producer. He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006,7 making Jobs Disney's largest individual shareholder at seven percent and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.89 Apple's 1996 buyout of NeXT brought Jobs back to the company he co-founded, and he served as its interim CEO from 1997, then becoming permanent CEO from 2000 onwards, spearheading the advent of the iPod, iPhone and iPad.10 From 2003, he fought a eight-year battle with cancer,11 and eventually resigned as CEO in August 2011, while on his third medical leave. He was then elected chairman of Apple's board of directors.
? On October 5, 2011, around 3:00 p.m., Jobs died at his home in Palo Alto, California, aged 56, six weeks after resigning as CEO of Apple. A copy of his death certificate indicated respiratory arrest as the immediate cause of death, with "metastatic pancreas neuroendocrine tumor" as the underlying cause. His occupation was listed as "entrepreneur" in the "high tech" business.
Para13 Gillette
? Gillette is a brand of Procter & Gamble currently used for safety razors, among other personal care products. ? Based in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, it was one of several brands originally owned by The Gillette Company, which was merged into P&G in 2005.
? The merger created the world's largest personal care and household products company. In addition to Gillette, the company marketed under Braun, Duracell and Oral-B, among others, have also been maintained by P&G. The Gillette company slogan is "The Best a Man Can Get".
Para 11 Rams' ten principles of "good design"
–Is innovative
–Makes a product useful
–Is aesthetic
–Makes a product understandable
–Is unobtrusive
–Is honest
–Is long-lasting
–Is thorough down to the last detail
–Is environmentally friendly
–Is as little design as possible
Key to Exercises
I. Reading Comprehension
i 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C
ii（略）
II. Vocabulary and structure
i .1.splutter 2. superseded 3. transfix 4. rejuvenate 5. luscious
6. hover
7. revolve around
8. be fired up
9. glossy 10. revere
ii.1. supersede 2. luscious 3. hovered 4. inadvertently 5. revered
6. glossy
7. rejuvenate
8.lust
9. be locked in 10. on the side
III.Cloze
11. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. C
11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. D 17.C 18. A 19. B 20. A
IV. Translation
i
1. 他回忆自己从孩提时起，就专注地看爷爷做柜子，那种精细机巧和简洁质朴让他看得直发呆。二战之后，怀着自我完善的新德国精神，他去艺术学校学习建筑但还是禁不住家族传统的诱惑而在木匠业做了一年学徒。
2. 在电子产品领域，一家公司不仅靠技术水平，而且靠设计，二者齐名于世，这还是第一次。设计成了品牌。它唯一的竞争对手是意大利的奥利韦蒂公司。埃托雷·索特萨斯设计的甜美绮绚的拉丁风情产品与拉姆斯那种淋漓尽致的日耳曼风格产品形成鲜明对比。
3. 然而，由于技术的更新换代，拉姆斯设计的电子产品如今早已成为过时之物，只能在博物馆里见到了。当今的一次性消费品的泛滥使他痛苦，虽然我想这种泛滥他也不经意地起了助力作用。他不喜欢―设计‖带有孤傲不群的意味，仅仅注重外观。
i i
1. My brother, Jimmy, did not get enough oxygen during a difficult delivery, leaving him with brain damage, and two years later I was born. Since then, my life revolved around my broth er‘s.
2. Frank Lampard has reassured England's fans that they will be fired up when they play in the knock-out stages of the World Cup. It won't be easy, because their opponents are all fired up as well.
3. We had wanted to let him know that no matter how difficult things got in the world, there would always be people who cared about him. We ended up reminding ourselves instead.
4. I am especially proud of the peach tree, not only because it has survived several winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious peaches.
5. Profess White was revered and worshiped as the idol by all the students in the college, not only because of his elegance, great learning, but also because of his strict requirements for and methodical and patient guidance to students.
V. Writing（略）
l Key to Text B
i 1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. D
ii1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T