阶段评估检测（四）
必修4
(120分钟 120分)
第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What are they probably talking about?
A. An apartment.
B. A park.
C. Food.
2. What is the woman doing?
A. Asking for directions.
B. Giving directions.
C. Shopping.
3. What can we know about Jeffrey?
A. He is a trouble maker.
B. He is talkative.
C. He is strict.
4. What is the probable relationship between the two?
A. Manager and secretary.
B. Teacher and student.
C. Doctor and patient.
5. How would the man describe himself now?
A. Fat.
B. Slim.
C. Wonderful. 第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6. What does the man tell the woman about?
A. His favorite place in New York.
B. His experience of catching a train.
C. His favorite movies.
7. What is the man’s favorite?
A. The clock.
B. The ceiling.
C. The sky at night.
8. What can we infer from what the woman says?
A. She likes the stars in New York City.
B. New York City is so polluted that you cannot see stars there.
C. The stars in New York City are beautiful.
听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。
9. What do we know about the conversation?
A. It takes place at a restaurant.
B. It takes place at the woman’s home.
C. It is a telephone conversation.
10. How many pizzas does the man order?
A. One.
B. Two.
C. Three.
11. What drink is ordered?
A. Pineapple juice.
B. Tomato juice.
C. Orange juice.
听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。
12. What can we know from the conversation?
A. Miles Everson arranged the meeting with the man.
B. The man met Miles Everson at a school party.
C. The man and Miles Everson met by chance.
13. What does Miles Everson do?
A. He fixes computers.
B. He teaches computer.
C. He runs a company.
14. How does the woman feel about the news about Everson?
A. Excited.
B. Surprised.
C. Shocked.
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。
15. Why are they going to have an interview?
A. To find someone to look after their kids.
B. To find someone to clean the house.
C. To find someone to teach their kids.
16. What quality is the least important for them?
A. Honest.
B. Hardworking.
C. Friendly.
17. What don’t they like about the last girl they have?
A. She did not work hard.
B. She was not punctual.
C. She always told lies.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What is the result of using the Latinbased alphabet(字母表) to name websites and email addresses?
A. The Internet does not include all parts of the world.
B. It is easy to regulate the Internet.
C. People are provided with many choices.
19. How many people using the Internet speak languages that do not use the alphabet?
A. 1. 6 billion.
B. More than 0. 8 billion.
C. Less than 0. 8 billion.
20. Why are some people against the change?
A. Online communities will not be as safe as it is now.
B. English will not be as of equal importance as it is now.
C. It is harder to protect intellectual property rights.
第二部分英语知识运用(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节单项填空(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
21. To make ______ way for _____ road built here two years ago，many old houses were pulled down.
A. a; the
B. a; a
C. /; a
D. /; the
22. —Guess what! Yang Yang failed in the last round of the Super Girl Contest. —How ______ it be? She is second to none in singing in my opinion.
A. shall
B. might
C. can
D. must
23. Though your status is permanent, your identification card is ______ only for 20 years and has to be renewed regularly.
A．valid B．convenient
C．temporary D．secure
24. ［2012孝感模拟］Shelly had prepared carefully for her biology examination so that she could be sure of passing it at her first _______.
A．intention B．effort
C．attempt D．sight
25. ［2012合肥模拟］Wu Juping, _______ the most beautiful mother, is also popular with foreigners for her saving the baby ________ off a high building.
A. honored; falling
B. honoring; falling
C. honored; fallen
D. honoring; fallen
26. ［2012嘉兴模拟］The fridge produced by Haier is _____ high quality and is not expensive either.
A．in B．for C．to D．of
27．The headmaster recommended that he ______ in art instead of science in university.
A. major
B. majors
C. majored
D. would major
28．______ with his work in the Satellite Launch Site，he could not spare any time
to stay with his parents though they are very old.
A．As occupying B．Occupied
C．Having occupied D．To occupy
29. —Is there any particular soup you would like to have?
— _______ you select is all right with me.
A. Whatever
B. Which
C. No matter what
D. Whichever
30．［2012武汉模拟］Like most simple puzzles, it is easily ______ , but putting it back together is something else.
A．taken apart B．built up
C．set off D．dealt with
31. ［2012绍兴模拟］John is a common student, ______ , I think, that will be found in every school.
A. whom
B. who
C. one
D. he
32. —My goodness! The accident might not have happened if we had done it more carefully.
—But we _______ .
A．haven’t B．wouldn’t
C．hadn’t D．didn’t
33. ［2012 潍坊模拟］We got lost in the forest and decided to remain _____ we were and waited for rescue．
A．how B．what C．where D．who
34. After I waited for a very long time, the manager made a phone call to me yesterday ______ me a good job at last.
A．giving B．providing
C．supplying D．offering
35. —They say Tom’s brother is a billionaire.
—________He wouldn’t accept any help from his brother, even though it was offered.
A. What if？
B. What for？
C. So what？
D. Forget it！
第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I close my eyes and can still hear her—the little girl with a 36 so strong and powerful that we could hear her halfway down the block. She was a(n) 37 peasant who asked for money and 38 gave the only thing she had—her voice.
I paused outside a small shop and listened. She brought to my mind the 39 of Little Orphan Annie. I could not understand the words she 40 ，but her voice begged for 41 . It stood out from the noises of Arbat Street，pure and impressive，like the chime of a bell. She sang 42 an old-style lamp post in the shadow of a building，her arms extended and 43 thrown back. She was small and of unremarkable looks. Her brown hair 44 the bun(发髻)it had been pulled into，and she occasionally reached up to 45 a stray piece from her face. Her clothing I can’t recall. Her voice，on the other hand，is 46 imprinted in my mind.
I asked one of the translators about the girl. Elaina told me that she and hundreds of others like her throughout the 47 Soviet Union add to their families’ income by working on the streets. The children are unable to 48 school，and their parents work full-time. These children know that the consequence
of an 49 day is no food for the table. Similar situations occurred during the Depression(萧条)in the United States in the 1930s，but those American children were 50 shoeshine boys of the 51 . This girl was real to me.
When we walked past her I gave her money. It was not out of pity 52 rather admiration. Her smile of 53 did not interrupt her singing. The girl watched
us as we walked down the street. I know this because when I looked back she smiled again. We 54 that smile，and I knew I could never forget her courage and 55 strength.
36. A. will B．strength
C．voice D．determination
37．A. American B．Chinese
C．Japanese D．Russian
38．A. in return B．in turn
C．by hand D．in silence
39．A. voice B．image
C．story D．looks
40．A. said B．murmured
C．used D．sang
41．A. attention B．love
C．help D．mercy
42．A. across B．from
C．under D．from underneath
43．A. hands B．feet
C．head D．face
44．A. fell out B．escaped
C．did up D．tied to
45．A. remove B．tear
C．cut off D．dress
46．A. never B．permanently
C．occasionally D．sometimes
47．A. latter B．richer C．former
D．greater
48．A. attend B．finish C．leave D．enjoy 49．A. unhappy B．unsatisfied
C．unusual D．unsuccessful
50．A. faced B．real
C．faceless D．visible
51．A. twenties B．thirties
C．forties D．teens
52．A. and B．while C．but D．or 53．A. contempt B．pity
C．bitterness D．thanks
54．A. stopped B．shared
C．won D．exchanged
55．A. full B．inner
C．brave D．fighting
第三部分阅读理解(共15小题; 每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
(A)
［2012合
肥模拟］Passage 1
As one of China’s most popular and widely known legends, the story of Monkey King is set to return to screens with 3D effects. It may feature many of the same leading actors from the earliest 1986 TV series Journey to the West, according to the producer, which can be got easily in the market. The TV drama, with a total investment of 150 million yuan, will be aired on Sichuan TV. Almost 90 million yuan has been put into 3D effects with each 45-minute episode containing eight minutes of 3D. “The 3D effects not only cost us a lot of money but also a lot of time, ” director Kan Weiping said. “We had to put off its broadcasting time, which was set at first this summer. ”
Passage 2
The Solar Roadway is an intelligent road that provides clean renewable energy using power from the sun, while providing safer driving conditions along with power. American inventors of the Solar Road said that it will power itself , and reduce the country’s carbon marks. Many panels are fixed on the Solar Road. The top of the Solar Road panels is made of glass and the inventors are working together with top glass researchers to develop super-strong glass that would offer vehicles pulling power they need. The Solar Roadway creates and carries clean renewable electricity and, therefore, electric vehicles can be recharged at any rest stop, or at any business that uses solar road panels in their parking lots. Such parking
lots will be safer at night with the light provided by LED within the road panels. The inventors say their solar roadway has many applications and advantages from main roads to driveways, parking lots, bike paths and runways.
56. What’s Passage 1 mainly about?
A. The origin of the story about Monkey King.
B. Monkey King will return to screens with 3D effects.
C. The brief introduction to the TV series Journey to the West.
D. The amount of money invested on the 3D TV series Journey to the West.
57. About the 3D TV series Journey to the West, we can learn that______.
A. it contains 45 episodes in total
B. it will feature new actors completely
C. we could watch it on TV after the summer
D. we can enjoy it at home just with normal glasses
58. What can be inferred about the Solar Roadway from Passage 2?
A. It will have a bright future.
B. It can’t work without electricity.
C. It is made of steel.
D. The electric vehicles can’t be recharged on it.
59. Passage 2 is most probably taken from _______.
A. a science fiction
B. a research paper
C. a product brochure
D. a technology report
(B)
Jamie Oliver has been invited by Gordon Brown to prepare a banquet
at No．10 for President Barack Obama and other leaders of the G20,
offering a cut-price menu to reflect times when trade and industry are
far from prosperous and the rate of employment is decreasing.
Downing Street sources say Oliver, the well-known chef, will cook
using “honest high-street products” and avoid expensive or “fancy” ingredients.
The prime minister is trying to avoid a repeat of the embarrassment last year when he sat down to an 18-course banquet at a Japanese summit to discuss world food shortages．
Obama, President Nicolas Sarkozy of France, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany and other leaders will be served by apprentices(学徒) from Fifteen, the London restaurant Oliver founded to help train young people in poverty in order to make a living by mastering a skill.
Brown wants the dinner to reflect the emphasis of the London summit, which he hopes will lead to an agreement to lift the world out of recession．“To be invited to cook for such an important group of people, who are trying to solve some of the world’s major problems, is really a privilege, ” said Oliver.
“I’m hoping the menu I’m working on will show British food and produce is some of the best in the world, but also show we have pioneered a high-quality apprentice scheme at Fifteen London that is giving young people a skill to be proud of. ”
The chef has not yet finalized the menu, but is expected to draw inspiration from his latest book, Jamie’s Ministry of Food, which has budget recipes for beef and ale stew(啤酒炖菜) and “impressive” chocolate fudge cake.
60. The underlined word “recession” in Paragraph 5 is the closest in meaning to “_____”．
A．business B．opposition
C．discussion D．depression
61．What can we learn about Oliver from the text?
A. He is a well-known American cook.
B. He is invited to attend the G20 summit.
C. He has founded the Fifteen London.
D. He is one of the apprentices serving leaders of the G20.
62．The menu of the banquet for the leaders of the G20 is supposed to _________．A．include all delicious British food
B．use inexpensive produce with special characteristics
C．be rich, varied and of high quality
D．imitate the menu of last Japanese summit
63．What is the Fifteen London?
A．An apartment in London．
B．A luxurious restaurant in London．
C．A restaurant as well as a training center．
D．A famous avenue.
(C)
［2012淮
南模拟］The China Daily newspaper group is hunting for English-language senior business editors, senior copy editors, copy editors and graphic designers to strengthen its international team. We offer a competitive salary package, free accommodation with utilities paid for, 90 per cent medical reimbursement(补偿; 赔偿), a seven-day paid leave, eleven-day public holidays and a return ticket to the country of residence.
Senior Business Editor
You must:
Assist the Business editor in setting goals and working on achieving them;
Be an excellent team person who can generate ideas and think creatively and be able to rewrite totally if needed and mentor junior staff;
Ideally have been working or have worked in a position of responsibility and understand what leadership entails;
Have had at least five years’ editing experience working on editing the Business Desk and be familiar with industry software.
Senior Copy Editor
You must:
Work on shifts in the Business Desk and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;
Edit or rewrite copy and give snappy headlines and captions;
Have had at least two years’ editing experience working on editing desks and be familiar with industry software.
Copy Editor
You must:
Be good at editing or rewriting copy and writing snappy headlines and captions;
Be able to work on shifts for different pages, and usually have the last word before the page is sent to print;
Have two years of editing experience working on copy desks, and be familiar with industry software.
Graphic Designer
You must:
Have excellent skills in information graphics;
Be good at illustrations and freehand drawings;
Be experienced in newspaper or magazine layouts;
Have a good sense of typography;
Have good news judgments;
Be well versed in Macintosh software, including in Design, Illustrator and Photoshop;
Be fluent in English.
For enquiries or to apply, write to job@chinadaily. com. cn.
64．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To describe the China Daily newspaper group.
B．To describe the working conditions
C．To tell you how to become part of this group.
D．To advertise for some good employees.
65．What is not required about Graphic Designer?
A．Be well versed in Photoshop.
B．Have excellent skills in information graphics.
C．Have a good sense of typography.
D．Write snappy headlines and captions.
66．Which can be the title of the advertisement?
A．China Daily: Newspaper
B．China Daily: New Employees Wanted
C．China Daily: An International Team
D．China Daily: The Best Working Condition
(D)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a children’s book written in 1900 by L. Frank Baum. It was originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago,
and has since been reprinted countless times, sometimes under the name
The Wizard of Oz. It is one of the best-known stories in American popular
culture and has been widely translated. The book has been in public domain
since 1956.
The story describes the adventures of a girl named Dorothy in the land
of Oz. Dorothy Gale is a young girl who lives on a Kansas farm with her Uncle Henry and Aunt Emily and her little dog Toto. One day a cyclone(大旋风) appears and the farmhouse is caught up in the cyclone and deposited in a grassy field in the country of the Munchkins. The falling house kills the Wicked Witch of the East, who had established a reign of terror over the Munchkins.
The Good Witch of the North comes with the Munchkins to greet Dorothy, and gives her the Silver Shoes the Wicked Witch of the East had been wearing when she was killed. In order to return to Kansas, the Good Witch of the North consults a magical blackboard which recommend s, “Let Dorothy go to the City of Emeralds” and asks the Wizard of Oz to help her. The Good Witch of the North also kisses Dorothy on the forehead, stating that no one will harm a person who has been kissed by her. On her way down the Yellow Brick Road, Dorothy meets some remarkable characters: she liberates the Scarecrow(稻草人) from the pole he’s hanging on, restores the mobility of the rusted(生锈的) Tin Woodman, and encourages the Cowardly Lion to journey with her and Toto to the Emerald City. The Scarecrow wants to get a brain, the Tin Woodman a heart, and the Cowardly Lion courage; and they are convinced
by Dorothy that the Wizard can help them too. Before the Wizard will grant their wishes, however, they have to kill the Wicked Witch of the West， which Dorothy finally manages to do, thus making all their wishes come true.
67. How did the Wicked Witch of the East die？
A. Killed by the Good Witch of the North.
B. Killed by the Wicked Witch of the West.
C. Killed by the Witch of the South.
D. Killed by the falling farmhouse.
68．The wish of the Tin Woodman is to ________.
A. get a heart
B. get courage
C. get a brain
D. return to Kansas
69. Put the following in right order.
a. Dorothy killed the Wicked Witch of the West.
b. A cyclone caught up the farmhouse Dorothy lived in.
c. Dorothy repaired the Tin Woodman.
d. The Wizard of Oz was asked to help Dorothy.
e. The Cowardly Lion realized its wish to become brave.
A. a-b-c-d-e
B. a-b-e-d-c
C. b-d-c-a-e
D. b-c-d-a-e
70．The purpose of the writer is ______.
A. to tell the story of Dorothy
B. to introduce a children’s book to readers
C. encouraging children to adventure in the woods
D. trying to sell the book The Wizard of Oz
第四部分任务型阅读 (共10小题; 每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下列短文, 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Ever since the Industrial Revolution and other changes in technology and consumer habits, the environment has been a little less green and a little more
dangerous to health. While people cannot defeat things like pollution and radiation by themselves, a lot can be done to protect themselves and the environment they survive in. The first step that needs to be taken in creating a healthy environment for themselves is to be aware of the environmental dangers they are facing. While some are out of their control, it is still important to know about them and cause awareness among others.
Each year the population of the world grows by about 90 million people. The rapid population growth is dangerous to the environment and all humans because it means that water will become more scarce(不足的), waste will grow, resources will not be enough for everyone, and governmental instability (不稳定) will be possible.
Air pollution is also a major problem that keeps growing all over the world. There are several contributors to air pollution. Some of the popular causes are cars, fires, and heating of homes and buildings. Air pollution greatly affects people’s health because whatever goes into the air goes into their lungs and blood. Since most people do not know what fresh air smells or tastes like, many are ignorant of what the air pollution is doing to them. Air pollution also affects the environment. It can damage trees, crops, other plants, lakes and animals. In addition to damaging the natural environment, air pollution also damages buildings, monuments and statues.
It is not a surprise that water pollution is also a high danger. We have no choice but to pay more attention to how we are using water, and how we may be wasting it. We must bridge the gap between our understanding of how important water is to our survival and what we can do to ensure that we have an enough supply of clean water for years to come.
Another kind of pollution that often gets ignored is noise pollution. Most people are used to the noise that surrounds them every day. However, noise pollution can damage people’s hearing and even their mental health. The source of noise pollution is caused by loud music, machine noises and automobile and plane noises.
Even though the world population is increasing just as fast as air, water, and noise pollution, it does not mean that protecting the earth or people’s own health
is a lost cause. The first step in preventing more pollution is knowledge. The more one knows about pollution and preventing pollution, the more one can do. The other step in preventing pollution is to make healthier changes every day.
第五部分书面表达(满分25分)
下图是刊载于某报纸的一幅漫画。请描述漫画所反映的问题，分析产生这些现象的成因并提出解决这个问题的对策。
注意：
1. 分析产生这些现象的成因和对策(需自己想像)。
2. 词数：150 左右。
3. 参考词汇：昏暗的 dim
______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
答案解析
【听力材料】
(Text 1)
W: ①Does it have a balcony?
M: Yes, and the view is great.
(Text 2)
W: ②So I turn left at the first stop light?
M: Yeah, ②the supermarket is on your right.
(Text 3)
W: So, what’s your new teacher like? Jeffrey, isn’t it?
M: Yeah, that’s his name. He’s alright. ③The only problem is he never stops talking. We never get a chance to say anything in class.
(Text 4)
M: ④Did you manage to get through to the States?
W: ④They’re on the phone right now. Line two in your office.
(Text 5)
W: Are you overweight or slim?
M: ⑤I used to be fat, but since I went on that wonderful diet, I can proudly say I’m. . .
(Text 6)
M: Oh, I love it. ⑥It’s definitely my favorite place in New York.
W: Yeah? I’ve always thought it was just somewhere to catch a train.
M: No way! Have you ever been inside?
W: No, I’ve just seen it from the outside.
M: You really should. It has got that famous clock that everyone wants to meet under in the movies. ⑦But the best thing is the ceiling.
W: The ceiling? Why?
M: Oh, ⑧it’s painted so it looks ju st like the sky at night. It’s beautiful. W: Really? It’s probably the only time you can see the stars in New York City. (Text 7)
W: ⑨Let me just read that back to you.
M: OK.
W: Um, ⑩one ham and pineapple pizza—large.And one medium tomato with extra cheese. ?And two orange juices.
M: Right. Oh, and better add in some garlic bread.
W: Garlic bread. OK. ⑨Delivery will be in about fifteen minutes.
(Text 8)
M: ?I came across one of our old school friends the other day.
W: Oh, yeah? ?Who was that?
M: ?Miles Everson.
W: The computer boy?
M: Yeah, you remember. He was always really quiet, just spent his time with his computers. Well, ?It turns out he now owns his own computer company.It’s been a real success and he’s now a millionaire.
W: ?Miles Everson a millionaire? Who would have believed it!
(Text 9)
M: So, what sort of person are we looking for?
W: Oh, well, they’d have to be reliable, of course. I don’t want to find that we are about to go out and they haven’t shown up, o r they are running late or something.
M: Oh, yeah, of course. That last kid—what was her name? She. . .
W: Oh, please, ?she was always late, but you have to admit ?she was a hard worker—always cleaned the house while we were out.
M: Well, ?that’s not so important as far as I’m concerned. ?I mean they are being paid to look after the kids. If they clean the place up it’s a bonus, but. . .
W: But, no. . . we need to be able to trust them, of course—I mean, leaving them here in the house with the kids, you know. . .
M: Oh, yeah. Honesty is definitely important.
W: Oh, but also they have to be friendly. It’s no good if the kids don’t like them.
M: True. So, who should we interview, then?
(Text 10)
The Internet is often described as the World Wide Web but how truly global is it when millions of users have no choice but to use a Latinbased alphabet to name websites and email addresses? All of that is set to change following the decision taken by the Internet regulator organization to allow domain names to be in nonLatin scripts.
?The new naming system means that websites will no longer have to include
suffixes such as. com, . co, . uk, or. cn written in English. Instead complete web addresses will be possible in languages such as Chinese, Arabic or Korean for the first time.
These new Internationalized Domain Names will come online next year, ?and may prove very popular since more than half of the 1. 6 billion people who use the Internet speak languages that do not use the alphabet.
Many think the move is necessary and the morally correct thing to do. Not only is it an issue of convenience, but it’s an issue of what’s right, the right to express their names in their own cultural language.
The change to the naming system is not without opposition, however. Some have said that the new approach could lead to the separation of some online communities operating only within their languages from the rest of the web. ?Others have claimed that it will make protection of intellectual property rights even harder than it already is.
1～5. AABAB 6～10. ABBCB
11～15. CCCBA 16～20. BBABC
21.【解析】选D。考查冠词。make way for 是固定短语，“给……让路”，其中没有冠词；“两年前这里建的那条路”是特指，用定冠词the。
22.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意：——你猜怎么着，杨洋在最后一轮快女比赛中被淘汰了。——怎么可能呢？在我看来她唱得最好了。can表猜测用于疑问句中。
23.【解析】选A。考查形容词。句意：尽管你的身份是永久的，但是你的身份证的有效期只有20年，必须定期更新。valid合理的，有根据的，有效的，符合句意。convenient 方便的，便利的；temporary暂时的；secure安全的。
24.【解析】选C。考查名词辨析。句意：Shelly很认真地为生物考试做了准备，以至于她很有把握第一次尝试就能通过。attempt尝试，at one’s first attempt某人第一次尝试，符合句意。intention意图，打算，目的；effort努力；sight视力，视野。
25.【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：被尊为最美的母亲的吴菊萍因为挽救一个从高楼上掉下的婴儿也受到外国人的欢迎。honored和主语形成被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语；falling和the baby形成主动关系。
26.【解析】选D。考查介词。句意：海尔生产的冰箱质优且价格不贵。“be of + 名词”
高中英语作文写作技巧方法 导读：本文高中英语作文写作技巧方法，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。 高中英语作文写作技巧方法：构思并列出简单的提纲审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。 高中英语作文写作技巧方法：扩展成文根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。 在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题： 1)确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不 偏题、不跑题。 2)要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。 3)用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰， 文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，
而连接词起的正是桥 梁作用。 在扩展的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考： 1)在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如 倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加 文章的可读性。 2)使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两 句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。 3)改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或 用分词等。 4)学会使用过渡词。 (1) 递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc (2) 转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc (3) 总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc (4) 强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc (5) 对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc
2002年全国中学生化学竞赛（省级赛区）一等奖 山东省(38名) 湖南省(37名)
上海市(27名)
上海中学（高二）CO20089 海南省(10名) 姓名学校证书编号姓名学校证书编号冯丹海南中学CO20103 蔡玮加积中学CO20108 胡江海海南中学CO20104 杨博宇海南中学CO20109 周雪峰海南中学CO20105 吴通海南中学CO20110 郑桂川海南中学CO20106 郑星丽农垦中学CO20111 李尉海南中学CO20107 谢宗宙海南中学CO20112 安徽省(22名) 姓名学校证书编号姓名学校证书编号程鸣全椒中学CO20113 沈况合肥一中CO20124 刘郴淮南二中CO20114 李翔萧县中学CO20125 史铭马鞍山二中（高二）CO20115 吴子健马鞍山二中（高二）CO20126 俞义轶当涂一中CO20116 吕世靖来安中学CO20127 李昶无为一中CO20117 江来安庆一中（高二）CO20128 刘坤合肥一中CO20118 丁一马鞍山二中（高二）CO20129 夏凡马鞍山二中（高二）CO20119 陆伟凤阳中学CO20130 何鹏当涂一中CO20120 陶亮马鞍山二中CO20131 王景昊无为一中CO20121 张啸定远中学CO20132 毛宏理萧城中学CO20122 董若冰马鞍山二中（高二）CO20133 张荣华滁州中学CO20123 支兴华马鞍山二中CO20134 江西省(29名) 姓名学校证书编 号 姓名学校证书编号 焦杨江西师大附中CO20135 付晔弋阳县第一中学CO20150 叶林江西师大附中CO20136 彭冬财鹰潭市第一中学CO20151
关于高中英语的写作技巧的介绍 【英语写作指导】 Writing skills.( 写作) a. We have to accumulate abundant materials before we write something, say, learning by heart crowds of articles. 写作需要有很多素材,积累素材很重要.要多背课文. b. Try to express one meaning in various ways. 努力用多种方式表达一种意思. c. Keeping English diary if possible. 写英语日记. a) Prepare some new words, expressions and good sentences to be used before writing something. 在写作前准备一些要用的好词汇,好句子. - b) We may also make some English pen pals to establish English communication relationship through some media like newspaper and magazines. 结交英语笔友,写英文信.这种方法容易坚持,还很有意思.不仿一试,好处多多-----到英语情人交友中心找你的笔友... 英语作文，英语范文中国人学习英语很累，也很费时间，但是效果一直都不好，我也一样。 我有一个深切的体会，就是如果有英语环境的话，其实并不需要很多时间和经历来学习的，如果能够通过短时间内的突击学习效果会很好的。我中学高三以前英语很少及格，甚至很少达到50分，但是经过高三整个暑假的学习(每天将初一到高二的英语单词和课文大声朗读1小时左右)，高三第一次考试就及格了，高考时打了79分，这虽然在全班同学当中仍然是倒数第几名，但对于我自己来说是一个很大进步，后来在大学里也有较大的信心。工作之后由于有机会与外籍专家一起工作了几个月时间，感觉自己听力进步很快，所以，我认为现在大学的英语教学确实走进了“应试教育”的死胡同- 英语作文范文
写作技巧：句子与句子之间要环环相扣 Dear Join: I’m sitting here at my desk writing to you .Next to my desk is a big window.Outside my window is a big lawn.Surrounded by three,and in the middle of the lawn is a flower bed.It was full of daffodils(水仙花）and tulips(郁金香）in the spring. You’d love it here,you must come and stay sometimes and we’ve got plenty of room. 语言表达准确： John kissed marry. Marry was kissed by John. It was John who kissed marry. Who John kissed was marry. Marry,John kissed her. 结构越复杂表达内容越丰富: What time did you leave the building? What I did at five thirty was leave the building? 写作提升的21法则： 1.动词词组替换动词的原则。 2.高中替换初中原则 3.词性转换原则
4.多用具体词原则。 5.朴素易懂原则。 6.使用限定原则 7.准确合适色彩原则 8.紧凑原则 9.变化原则 10.简洁原则 11.长短句结合原则 12.不用疑问，感叹句原则 13.简单句为主的原则 14.固定句型原则 15.动词画面敢原则 16.避免重复原则 17.洋味十足原则 18.中心突出原则 19.逻辑第一原则 20.结构平衡原则 21.搭配合理原则 作文总结： 背诵重点词汇，短语，句型，翻看历次练习，重新修改。确认自己的写作风格，有自己的语篇套路。基本没有时间打草稿，限时训练。
高一网权威发布高中英语作文提高的方法详情，更多高中英语作文提高的方法详情相关信息请访问高一网。 【导语】英语的作文并不算难写，但是总有部分的学生不知道要怎么写好英语作文，高中高中英语作文提高的方法介绍，希望能够帮助到大家。 高中英语作文提高的方法 第一步、尽量用学过的词句来表达 先练好简单句，要尽量用学过的词句来表达，忌用“中国式英语”。在某种程度上说，英语写作是你学习英语情况的展现。写作不同于翻译，它有灵活性，只要意思相同或相近，用什么方式表达都行，不要追求标新立异和华丽辞藻，不要用超出自己表达能力的词句。为避免错误，请尽量用学过的词语句子来表达。 第二步、熟练运用表达习惯 英汉两种语言有各自不同的表达方式和习惯。由于受母语的影响，考生经常把汉语的思维方法套到英语上面，要避免这类错误，应该注意模仿课文或平时所读文章中的词汇和句法手段，留心观察其表达法，增强结构意识，提高英语语感，尽量用英语思维来写英语。 第三步、多积累精彩的语句 对一些精彩的句子应摘抄下来，熟读背诵，并有意识地将它们应用到自己的习作中去。这里说的“精彩”，并不是专指那些生僻的、羞涩难懂的句子，而是一些表达方式新颖、生动形象的句子。例如《the climate & clothing of the uk》一文中有一句“september may find you eating your lunch on some grassy spot in the sun one day and trying to shelter from the rain under an umbrella that has turned itself inside-out in a howling gale the next!”这个句子尽管长却不难理解，正是由于其倒装句式的妙用。一些原汁原味的英文习作之所以读起来更有味道，其中一个很重要的原因就是它们综合运用了不同的表达方式，能变换句式，避免重复哆嗦。有意识地多积累一些这样的精彩句子，并应用到自己的习作中去，便可摆脱那种“单一陈述”型的模式，使自己的文章更有活力。 第四步、恰当运用过渡词 恰当运用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避免脱节现象。时间上的衔接词有“then、as time goes by、day after day、finally”等，表因果关系的有“as a result、because of、thanks to”等。 第五步、恰当运用修辞 众所周知，恰当的修辞可以使文章更生动形象。我们高中写的大多是记叙文，这就有了比喻、拟人等修辞方法应该发挥作用的地方。有这样一幅图画，上面画的是一块从一个下水渠口飞出的一块西瓜砸中小明(肇事者，是他把西瓜扔进下水渠的。但是下水渠里有修理工，
高中英语写作技巧-英语作文如何写长句 一、如何写长难句 How to develop complex sentences. 1. 写出key words，确认中心骨架 2. 逻辑排列，logical arrangements 3. 加工润色，colorize 例句：绝大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往水平，这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。 Most of (A majority of) students believe (hold the view) that part-time jobs can provide them with opportunities机会to/and develop (improve/better) communication ability水平(social abilities/interpersonal skills人际关系技巧),which is good for (is beneficial to有益于) their looking for jobs (job-hunting求职) in the future (after their graduation). 二、拓展长句的三大方法 The most important factor因素 we have to take into consideration is sth./that… The most important thing I want to talk about is that…sth./ that… It is also of great importance to pay close attention to…that Besides what is mentioned above上诉的,it is necessary to think about…
2014年全国高中生化学竞赛省级赛区模拟试题24 第1题 1-1画出[Co(en)2Cl2]+所有立体结构简图（注：en是乙二胺的缩写符号）。 1-2在苯中对氯苯甲酸分子间可以形成稳定的二聚体，画出其二聚体的结构式。 1-3画出2,4戊二酮负离子的结构简式（必须明确其共轭部分），写出其中离域π键的表示符号。 1-4 已知E?(FeO42-/Fe3+) = 2.20 V，E?(FeO42-/Fe(OH)3) = 0.72 V，E?(Cl2/ Cl-) = 1.36V ①写出氯气和三氯化铁反应形成高铁酸根的离子方程式。 ②写出高铁酸钾在酸性水溶液中分解的离子方程式。 ③用高铁酸钾与镁等组成碱性电池，写出该电池的电极反应。 1-5将BCl3通入吡啶发生反应。写出反应的化学方程式。 1-6画出F3B-N(CH3)3 和F4Si-N(CH3)3的分子构型，并指出分子中Si和B的杂化轨道类型。 1-7已知配合物A的化学式为[Co2O2(NH3)10]4+，其中O22-为配体与中心金属离子配位；B的化学式为Co(bzacen)PyO2，其中O2-为配体与中心金属离子配位，Py是吡啶(C5H5N)，bzacen 是四齿配体[C6H5?C(O-)=CH?C(CH3)=NCH2?]2。指出下列配合物A和B中Co的氧化态。
Co Co O O NH 3 NH 3 H 3N H 3N H 3N NH 3 NH 3NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 4+ O N O N Co Ph CH 3 H 3C O Py Ph O 1-8金属元素Cr 可以形成不同形式的羰基化合物或者羰基阴离子，按照18电子规则画出Na 2[Cr 2(CO)10]的阴离子结构，指出Cr 的氧化态。 第2题 将0.1 mol ·L -1的硫化钠溶液与0.1 mol ·L -1 的氯化铜溶液于烧杯中，一段时间后， 溶液渐渐褪色，并变得混浊，同时出现金属铜。已知φ?(Cu 2+/Cu)和φ?(S/S 2-)分别为0.345 V 和 0.476V ，nFE ? ＝RT ln K ，Ｅ? 表示反应的标准电动势，n 为该反应得失电子数。写出反 应方程式，计算25o C 下硫离子和铜离子反应得到铜的反应平衡常数。 第3题 在25℃和101.325 kPa 下，向电解池通入0.04193 A 的恒定电流，阴极（Pt ，0.1 mol ·L -1HNO 3）放出氢气，阳极（Cu ，0.1 mol ·L -1NaCl ）得到Cu 2+。用0.05115 mol L 1 的 EDTA 标准溶液滴定产生的Cu 2+ ，消耗了53.12 mL 。 分别计算从阳极产生Cu 2+ 的物质的量和阴极放出的氢气的体积。 计算电解所需的时间(以小时为单位)。
写好高中英语作文的技巧和方法 考生向要写出一篇好的作文,最忌语言枯燥无味,好的习作文章语言应该生动形象。运用好写作手法拿高分就不是问题了。接下来是小编为大家整理的写好高中英语作文 的技巧和方法，希望大家喜欢! 写好高中英语作文的技巧和方法一 一、从词汇入手，强化短语写作 有研究表明，词汇学习可以促进英语水平的提高(文秋方，1998)。培养和提高学 生的英语写作能力应从词和句入手，抓好基础训练。英语是结构语言，具有其自身的 固定搭配、习惯用语和基本句型(陈立华，20_)。而《牛津高中英语》教材大量的词汇 和地道的生活语言、任务型编排体系以及文本体裁的多样性，为“写”提供了基本素材。教师可根据不同话题的写作要求，采用不同形式的方法对学生进行写作基础训练。比如：关键词和短语写作训练法，即教师根据本单元的写作话题，每天精心选择2～3个词组或句型，让学生做翻译和造句练习;一周之后，让学生运用这些词组和句型进行写作。通过这种训练方法，既可以培养学生的写作能力，又可以提高写作的效率，还可 以帮助学生掌握一些习惯用语和句子结构，从而提高学生遣词造句的能力。 二、抓好基本句型的训练，促进写作 书面表达题是由许多句子组成的，句子是写文章的基础。要完成书面表达题，首 先要从句子入手，指导学生如何用句子表意。从语言形态学的角度看，英语属于分析 型的语言，它有较为固定的基本句型、稳定搭配、俗成短语等，要想在写作中用好它们，必须加强这方面的基本训练。 首先，要加强五种基本句型的教学训练。几乎所有的英语句型都是这五种句型的 扩大、延伸或变化，因此训练学生“写”就要抓住五种基本句型，熟练掌握这五种基本 句型。五种基本句型是：S+V，S+V+O，S+V+O+O，S+V+O+C，S+V+P。五种基本句型虽然能表达一定的意思，但无法比较自由地表达思想，因此还必须对学生进行扩 句训练，在课堂上充分发挥学生的想象力。 其次，加强句型教学，要对一些句子进行分析，增强学生利用各种句子进行一意 多种表达的训练。 最后，充分利用教材，对学生进行基本语感的训练。 三、从阅读入手，培养写作表达技巧
高考英语作文写作实用技巧 导读：本文高考英语作文写作实用技巧，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 (一)掌握技巧： (1)注意篇章结构，合理布局 开始部分(opening paragraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分(Body paragraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容. (2)确定主题句 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。 写主题句应注意以下几点： ①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话 ③主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。 (二)巧用连接词 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词 表示罗列增加
First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing … for another…, On (the) one hand…on the other hand, Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular, 表示时间顺序 now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during, 表示解释说明 now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually 表示转折关系
第28届中国化学奥林匹克初赛试题 第1题（6分）合成氨原料气由天然气在高温下与水和空气反应而得。涉及的主要反应如下：（1）CH4(g)＋H2O(g)→CO(g)＋3H2(g) （2）2CH4(g)＋O2(g)→2CO(g)＋4H2(g) （3）CO(g)＋H2O(g)→H2(g)＋CO2(g) 假设反应产生的CO全部转化为CO2，CO2被碱液完全吸收，剩余的H2O通过冷凝干燥除去。进入合成氨反应塔的原料气为纯净的N2和H2。 1-1为使原料气中的N2和H2的体积比为1∶3，推出起始气体中CH4和空气的比例。设空气中O2和N2的体积比为1∶4，所有气体均按理想气体处理。 1-2计算反应（2）的反应热。已知： （4）C(s)＋2H2(g)→CH4(g)ΔH4＝－74.8kJ mol－1 （5）C(s)＋1/2O2(g)→CO(g)ΔH5＝－110.5kJ mol－1 第2题（5分）连二亚硫酸钠是一种常用的还原剂。硫同位素交换和核磁共振实验证实，其水溶液中存在亚硫酰自由基负离子。 2-1写出该自由基负离子的结构简式，根据VSEPR理论推测其形状。 2-2连二亚硫酸钠与CF3Br反应得到三氟甲烷亚磺酸钠。文献报道，反应过程主要包括自由基的产生、转移和湮灭（生成产物）三步，写出三氟甲烷亚磺酸根形成的反应机理。 第3题（6分）2013年，科学家通过计算预测了高压下固态氮的一种新结构：N8分子晶体。其中，N8分子呈首尾不分的链状结构；按价键理论，氮原子有4种成键方式；除端位以外，其他氮原子采用3种不同类型的杂化轨道。 3-1画出N8分子的Lewis结构并标出形式电荷。写出端位之外的N原子的杂化轨道类型。 3-2画出N8分子的构型异构体。
高中英语作文写作技巧总结 (名师总结写作技巧+满分背诵范文，值得下载 每天背诵，提高英语语感) 一、英文作文写作提分要点 有些学生学习英语在词汇、短语、句型的记忆量是足够，他们在 其他题型比如听力、完型、阅读等方面做题的正确率能够达到百分之九十以上，唯独英文写作这一块总是欠缺，这直接导致他们的成绩始终无法达到一个新的高度。本文总结了英文写作提分的要点，希望大家能根据自己的实际情况审视自己，找出不足之处并不断学习提升自己的写作水平。 一篇优秀的作文有以下表现: 1.内容切题，文章结构完整，有较好的谋篇构段框架，转承衔接 自然。 2.书写规范工整、字迹清晰。 3.层次分明，语言流畅，内容充实且逻辑性强。 4.用词丰富广泛，句型句式有变化，遣词造句得当，字数符合要求。 5.语法基本正确，基本正确，句与句、段与段之间过渡连贯。 一篇较差的作文有以下表现： 1.文章不通顺、偏题、无段落结构、主题不明显。
2.书写潦草，卷面不整洁。 3.文章没有逻辑性，仅是将一些不连贯的词汇拼凑在一起。 4.作文内出现很多基本语法错误和拼写错误。 5.词汇量小，词不达意，缺乏表达能力。 一．写作总体思路 当我们拿到作文题目的时候，首先要审题要点在于要根据题目要求进行思维联想，分析题目表达的主要内容和主旨。接着草拟提纲， 谋篇构段。通过分析题目的内容和主旨，将大脑中形成的信息、资料 分类整理，列出写作提纲、主题句，进行文章段落的筹划。再讲以上 的构思内容、提纲、相关主题句通过句子拓展，初步整理成一篇文章。最后再加工修改，润色定稿。 二．段落清晰，句词准确是高分作文的关键。 写好段落和文章的重要标志就是能否有效的应用词汇来拓展句子。词句运用要注意以下几点：用词简洁凝练，不要冗长，要在清楚 表达意思的前提下砍掉那些不必要的词。也就是说凝练简洁不在于句子的长短而是取决于是否高效的运用文字来说清楚问题，使文章通俗易懂，避免华而不实。 三．查漏补缺，修正错误。 短文写完后要查漏补缺，看看要点是否齐全；从宏观上以他人的眼光来审视自己的文章，看看表达的内容是否清晰，用词是否妥当， 找出错误进行修正。最后要誊写清楚，以保证卷面的整洁美观，从而 吸引阅卷老师的眼球。
提高高中生英语作文水平的方法 英语作文教学是高中英语教学的难点，也是重点。《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》明确指出，能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。在竞争异常激烈的高考中，作文仍然是教师与学生想占领的一块高地。笔者想通过对原因的深入分析，找到有效的解决办法。一、英语作文教学中存在的问题 1.惧怕写作，谈之色变——不愿写。学生之所以情愿空着试卷多半是因为他们意识不到作文是可以写好的，只看到了自己与要求之间的差距，而没有想自己从哪些方面付出努力来弥补自己知识量的不足。在平时的写作中，严重的畏难情绪不断延续增长，宁肯不写，也不要因写错丢人现眼、自损脸面。词汇贫乏、搭配不当、句型误用、语法不通、信息不全、条理紊乱、谋篇布局不合理等问题困扰着许多学生，得不到有效的解决，长此以往学生对英语写作逐渐失去兴趣，部分教师可能由于学生进步缓慢甚至停步不前而对写作教学感到失望，结果出现了恶性循环。由此可见，注重培养学生对写作的积极情感是多么的重要。 2.欲写不能，困难重重——不会写。学生缺乏写作策略和写作内容，知道作文重要，占分值的比例较大，然而一想到有那么多生词和长句，学生容易望而却步，提笔又放下。学生得出一个结论--我不会写。其实他们有点基础，有一些知识储备，只不过太零碎，不能形成战斗力较强的知识网络罢了。 3.漏洞百出，错误连篇——写不对。学生按照老师的要求写下自己的真实想法，誊抄出规范又干净整洁的作文，下意识地检查了检查，但没有发现错误。满当当、清楚楚的一篇作文中竟没有一句对的。下笔十来句，没有一句对。或完不成试题规定的任务，或明显遗漏了主要内容，因未理解试题要求而写了一些无关的内容；或语法结构单调，词汇有限，语法结构或词汇方面的错误较多，缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯，信息未能传达给读者，影响阅卷老师对写作内容的理解，所列举出的错误折射出学生的基础知识是相当的不牢固、不全面。 4.明知有错，一错再错——不会改。学生的低档作文经过批阅发到学生手中，学生知道问题出在哪里，似懂非懂地、朦朦胧胧地知道是人称或代词出了问题，但他不知道如何改正。接着就不改了之。作文被归入最低档次的原因是多方面的，包括主题思想不明确，拼写错误多，书写不规范等等。除此以外，还涉及到语法错误等。 二、应对策略 1.以“谅”为始，鼓起学生自信的风帆。谅解错误，宽容不足，营造宽松自主的环境。对学生的低档作文采取接受、宽容的态度，进而让学生感到老师“不抛弃、不放弃、不歧视”他们。教师不能一味地埋怨批评责备学生，要知道学生写不好作文的原因是多方面的。教师可以利用“同理心”，进行换位思考，对事不对人，设身处地去理解求助者的不良情绪和情感，假如自己就是那位学生，想象自己因为什么心理以致作文写不好，自己一旦接受了这种心理，也就容易接纳别人的这种心理，最后谅解这种行为和事件。教师通过调整自己原先的过激表现，达到尊重学生的境界。鉴于低档作文中错误无处不在，可以容许学生犯错误，他们写的作文可长可短，可大可小，对他们的要求可以有较大的弹性，用统一的标准去要求他们有点勉为其难。2.以“放”为主，夯实原有的知识基础。调动学生的积极性、发挥他们的主动性，使他们有话可说、有事可写。由于思路不开阔，学生的作文内容空
第28届中国化学奥林匹克初赛试题及标准答案 第1题（6分）合成氨原料气由天然气在高温下与水和空气反应而得。涉及的主要反应如下：（1）CH4(g)＋H2O(g)→CO(g)＋3H2(g) （2）2CH4(g)＋O2(g) →2CO(g)＋4H2(g) （3）CO(g)＋H2O(g) →H2(g)＋CO2(g) 假设反应产生的CO全部转化为CO2，CO2被碱液完全吸收，剩余的H2O通过冷凝干燥除去。进入合成氨反应塔的原料气为纯净的N2和H2。 1－1 为使原料气中N2和H2的体积比为1：3，推出起始气体中CH4和空气的比例。设空气中O2和N2的体积比为1：4，所有气体均按理想气体处理。 1－2 计算反应（2）的反应热。已知： （4）C(s)＋2H2(g) →CH4(g) ΔH4＝－74.8 kJ·mol－1 （5）C(s)＋1/2O2(g) →CO(g) ΔH5＝－110.5 kJ·mol－1 1－14份N2，需12份H2；4份N2由空气引入时，同时引入l份O2。 由反应(2)和(3)，l份O2需2份CH4，产生6份H2； 另外的6份H2由反应(l)和(3)提供，再需要6/4份CH4； 因此，起始体系中CH4和O2的比例为3.5:1，故CH4和空气的比例为3.5:5，即7:10。1－2 反应(5)×2－1反应(4)×2，得反应(2)，(2)的反应热： ΔH2＝－110.5 kJ·mol－1×2－(－74.8 kJ·mol－1×2)＝－71.4 kJ·mol－1 第2题（5分）连二亚硫酸钠是一种常用的还原剂。硫同位素交换和顺磁共振实验证实，其水溶液中存在亚磺酰自由基负离子。 2－1 写出该自由基负离子的结构简式，根据VSEPR理论推测其形状。 2－2 连二亚硫酸钠与CF3Br反应得到三氟甲烷亚磺酸钠。文献报道，反应过程主要包括自由基的产生、转移和湮灭（生成产物）三步，写出三氟甲烷亚磺酸根形成的反应机理。 2－1 ·SO－ 2角型或 V 型 2－2 －O2S—SO－ 2→－O2S·＋·SO－ 2 CF3Br＋·SO－ 2→·CF3＋BrSO－ 2 －O 2S·＋·CF3→F3CSO－ 2 第3题（6分）2013年，科学家通过计算预测了高压固态氮的一种新结构：N8分子晶体。其中，N8分子呈首尾不分的链状结构；按价键理论，氮原子有5种成键方式；除端位以外，其他氮原子采用3种不同类型的杂化轨道。 3－1画出N8分子的Lewis结构并标出形式电荷。写出端位之外的N原子的杂化轨道类型。3－2 画出N8分子的构型异构体。 3－1 3－2
作文经典写作技巧 1.假设你是李华，现在你正在高考考场上，场下你的父母正殷切期待着你。中学生活即将结束，在这个特殊时刻，请你按以下内容要点给自己的父母写一封感谢信。 内容要点： 1、感谢父母多年来，特别是高三这一年来无微不至的关怀。 2、自己近期学习一直十分刻苦，进步不小。这次高考考试也都很顺利，发挥出了自己的水平，希望父母放心。 3、高考之后一定多帮父母做些家务，还要让父母品尝一下自己亲手做的菜。 注意：1、词数120左右； 2、可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 范文： Dear parents, Now I know clearly that you both are expecting me anxiously. I can say nothing but thanks to you both on this special occasion, because words have failed me when I want to express my thanks to you both for the loving care you have shown for me, especially since I went to Senior Three. These days I have been studying hard and have made some progress. And everything has got along well with my college entrance examination. I have performed my ability in this exam. I hope you both can set your mind at rest. After this exam, I intend to help you do some housework which I have seldom done before. And I also mean to learn to cook in order to prepare a dinner for you both in person. My dear parents, everything is going on well with me and do have a rest! Best wishes, Yours Li Hua 2. 假设你是李华，你在5月2日去一家商店买衣服。当你请一个王姓服务员帮你找适合你的型号的衣服时，她以忙为借口让你自己找，你说你找不到才来让她帮忙，她说你找不到就说明没有。你对这位服务员的服务态度十分不满，并写信向该商店的销售经理投诉该服务员。注意：1、词数120左右； 2、信的开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数； 3、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 范文： May 5, 2007 Dear Sales Manager, This letter is a complaint concerning the actions of one of your salespersons. On Tuesday, May 5, 2007, around 2 P.m.., I went to your store to look for a T-shirt. When I asked a salesperson, Ms. Wang for help in finding my size, she informed me that she was busy and I would have to find one myself. I explained that the reason why I came to her was that I couldn’t find one. She then said in a rude tone that if I couldn’t find one, it meant that the stor e didn’t have it, and that I needed to look somewhere else. I felt that Ms Wang was rude. I hope that you will look into the matter: I shop frequently at your store and I look forward to a more pleasurable shopping experience next time. Yours sincerely Li Hua 3. 假如你是李华，写一封信邀请你的一位外国朋友Mike今年暑假来你的家乡陕西旅游，先向他表达邀请之意，再向他介绍陕西的一些情况： 1、由于西部大开发, 陕西这些年变化很大； 2、陕西有许多旅游景点，如华山、兵马俑等；还有许多地方风味小吃；
高考英语作文写作高分技巧：逆向思维法 逆向思维法是指为实现某一创新或解决某一因常规思路难以解决的问题，而采取反向思维寻求解决问题的方法。在做英语书面表达题时，我们亦可借鉴这种方法，从研究高考对书面表达的要求入手，以及阅卷者的感受，去迎合他们的要求，从而做到有的许矢，以求短时期内取得对书面表达的突破。 我们能够从高考作文的评分标准及阅卷的角度来审视一下对写作的要求，看看在他们的眼中优秀作文的共同点有哪些，哪些又是主要的失分点。通过研究高考书面表达卷评分标准，我们可清楚地发现，一篇高分书面表达必须具有以下特点： 内容要点齐全，清楚地表达了自己的观点并实行了充分合理的论证; 准确性高，描述恰当，时态、人称符合文章要求，语法、句法准确无误，结构严谨，标点、格式、大小写亦能准确应用; 连贯性好，衔接语使用恰当，全文结构紧凑; 使用了一些较为复杂的词汇，句式，能体现出较强的语言使用水平; 开头、结尾富有特色不落俗套，给人耳目一新的感觉。 通过对高考评分标准的研究，我们可能发现高分作文有着共同的优点。我们在平时就要严格遵循书面表达的要求，认真训练，积极发现自己的问题并做出有针对性地改进。 【典例1】 Live in Harmony 当前我国政府和人民正努力把我国建设成一个社会关系和谐的国家，具体到学生来说，绝大部分学生与家长成员以及同学关系的处理
上总体是好的，但也存有着一些问题，如果容易发火，与同学吵架，不听从家长和老师的教育等。我校正在调查高三学生与家庭成员和同学老师之间的关系处理情况，你作为高三学生请把以上的情况向学校反映并提出一些改进的意见。 要点如下：1.当前的实际情况：好的方面和不好的方面; 2.你个人的改进意见。 注意：1.文章的开头已经给出(不计入总词数); 2.词数：100左右。 Nowadays the government and people of China are trying to build a country with a harmonious relationship._____________________________________ 【范文】 Live in Harmony Nowadays the government and people of China are trying to build a country with a harmonious relationship. Generally speaking, the realationship between us students and our family members, classmates as well teachers is good. However, there exist some problems. Some students in our grade are easy to lose their temper because of unbearable anxiety and heavy study burden. What’s worse, they sometimes quarrel with others, and even turn a deaf ear to their parents and teachers, which is very disappointing. In my opinion, we middle school students should make our efforts to improve the situation. First, we should respect our parents and teachers as well as our classmates. Second, when we are not feeling good, we can chat with our friends,
高考英语写作技巧 在考试考议论文的最多，几乎全部都是的！议论文恰巧又是相对比较难的，所以我就着重介绍一下议论文的写法给你吧 一个清晰地思路和好的结构很重要的，一定要记得开篇点题，阐述自己的观点和看法、 然后另起一段阐述理由支持自己的观点，最好吧理由分开，用first，second.....之类的词依次铺叙开来 第三段再次点题，思路基本上和写中文议论文的格式一样。 ps：这些建立在语法正确，词汇拼写正确的基础上，一定要在作文中出现一些经典词组.句式好额亮点词汇。（适用于所有类型的作文题目） 如果遇到应用文，比如书信或者介绍信之类的，一定要注意格式和用词的恰当！！ 一、真实性的起源 20 世纪70 年代, 随着交际教学法的出现,widdowson( 1978) 提出了语言教学的真实性问题。80- 90 年代, 随着语言交际测试法的出 现,morrow(1991)bachman(1990)等人提出了语言测试的真实性问题[1]。 二、真实性测试 要测量学生语言运用能力, 测试就必须遵循真实性原则。所谓真实指测试应尽可能复制出显示生活中语言使用的种种特征, 考试的语言行为要复线真实生活中而不是考试的语言行为。这就要求输入的真实性( 测试文本、测试任务) 、输出的真实性和情景的真实性[2]。 三、写作的性质
写作测试作为一种行为测试( performance test) , 测量的是学生实际运用语言的能力, 给教学带来的是非常积极的正面反拨作用。写作测试是一门综合性测试, 它不仅能考查考生的输出性技能( productive skill) , 同时也能考查考生的接受性技能( receptive skill) [3]。它能同时测试语言的各个层次和范畴。它不仅可以测试考生的词汇、用法、语法等语言要素, 而且可以测验学生的组织能力、分析能力、表达能力、逻辑推理、对各种语体的掌握等。 四、写作的形式 写作形式包括话题作文、材料性作文、开放性作文、命题作文。话题作文指的是用一段提示语, 指明写作范围, 启发思考, 激活想象的一种命题形式。这是一种既开放, 又有所限制的命题形式。强调要围绕话题, 从不同角度进行联想和想象话题作文一般的写作要求, 不限文体。 材料作文, 一般是指出题者只给出一些文字或图画材料, 要求应试者根据所给文字或图画的内容自己命题进行写作。命题作文, 一般是指出题者给出一个既定的题目, 要求应试者根据这个给定题目进行写作。开放性作文是指思维和内容都更具有开放性。不限制学生们的思考[3]。 五、写作的命题原则 从表面上看, 出一道写作题可能比起其他题型容易, 但是实际上并非如此。一个好的写作题, 应该能够为所有考生提供一个展现写作能力的机会, 为使用考试结果的人提供一个考察考生写作能力的有效途径, 还要能给阅卷人员提供明确合理的评分标准[4]。在讨论写作测试时, hughes( 1989: 75) 强调了三个方面的问题。我们可以把它作为写作直接测试的三个基本原则。———setting writing tasks that are properly representative of thepopulation of tasks that students should be able to perform;———eliciting samples of writings that can truly represent students’writing ability.———ensuring that samples can be and will be scored reliably[6].