定语从句
1. 先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much, the one 等不定代词时只能用that 而不能用which 。
There is nothing that/省略 I can do.
I am talking about the one that/省略we bought yesterday.
2.
如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom ，不用 which 。
Is there anyone who will go with you?
3. 先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much 等词修饰时，只能用that 而不能用which 。You
can take any of these books that/省略 you like.
I am hungry, but there is little food that/省略I can find.
4. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that 而不用which 。(什么是“序数词”？) This is the first novel that/省略 I have read.
Shanghai is the most beautiful city that/省略 I have ever visited.
5. 先行词被the only, the same, the last 等修饰时，只能用that 而不能用which 。
The white flower is the only one that/省略 I really like.
The last place that/省略 we visited was the hospital.
6. 当先行词有两个或两个以上时，既有人又有物，关系词用that 而不能用which （that 既可指人也可指物）。
He talked about the teachers and schools that/省略 he had visited.
二、不能用that 的情况：
1. that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。（非限定性定语从句通常和主句间用逗号隔开）
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
The temple, which we visited during a recent trip to Beijing, is one of the places of interest.
2. 介词之后不用that ，（介词后若指物，用which, 指人则用whom ）。
The person to whom I am speaking just now is our English teacher.
The prize for which he worked so hard was a bike.
3. 先行词是those ，指人时用who ，指物时用which 。
He admired those who looked beautiful
练习1
1)请尽量多地填写适用的关系词。
1. The soldiers dug out those ________________________ were trapped under the ruins.
2. Is there everything ______________________ we need is ready?
3. There is no interesting thing ______________________ attracts me.
4. This is the only movie ______________________ we’ve seen last month.
5. They talked about the people and the things ______________________ they saw in Laos.
2）请区分两组句子，并尽量多地填写适用的关系词。
1. This brother ________________________ is 22 years old is serving in the army.
2. This brother, _______________________ is 22 years old, is serving in the army.
3. The soldiers dug out the people _______________________ were trapped under the ruins.
4. The soldiers dug out those ______________________ were trapped under the ruins.
3) 请区分两组句子，并尽量多地填写适用的关系词。
1. This is the school ___________________________ we built.
2. This is the school ___________________________ we studied.
3. I will never forget the days _________________________________ we worked together.
4. I will never forget the days _________________________________ we spent together.
5. This is the reason ____________________________ he died.
6. This is the reason ____________________________ he gave us.
7. Is this the factory ___ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one
8. Is this factory ___ some friends visited last Friday? A. That B. where C. which D. the one
宾语从句
●如果宾语从句的内容为陈述句，连接词用that(可省)；
●如果宾语从句的内容为特殊疑问句，连接词用疑问词（what/why/how/where/which等）；
●如果宾语从句的内容为一般疑问句，连接词用whether 或 if. (但是，1. whether常与
or not连用；2. 放在介词后作宾语只用whether)
例：我不知道你离开了学校。I don’t know that you left school.
我不知道你住在哪里。I don’t know where you live.
我不知道你吃什么。I don’t know what you eat.
我不知道你爱不爱我。I don’t know whether/if you love me.
练习2：
1. He told me ______________________________ he would go to college the next year.
2. I don’t know ______________________________ there will be a bus as it’s quite late now.
3. I really don’t know ________________ you should depend on if you don’t depend on your parents.
4.__________________________ he will join us or not is still not decided.
5.It depends on __________________________ we’ll have enough time.
表语从句
跟在系动词后面作表语的句子叫“表语从句”。（系动词有哪些？be动词; keep, remain, stay 等；seem, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等;grow, become, turn等.）
●如果表语从句的内容为陈述句，连接词用that(不可以省略)；
●如果表语从句的内容为特殊疑问句，连接词用疑问词；
●如果表语从句的内容为一般疑问句，连接词用whether. (不能用if)
例：我的想法是你应该组建一支乐队。My idea is that you should form a band.
那是肖邦度过童年的地方。That is where Chopin spent his childhood.
一份诚实的工作是Henry想要的东西。An honest job is what Henry wanted.
问题是他们会不会离开。The problem is whether they will leave.
●其他连词as if, as though, because, as等引导的表语从句：
My anger is because you haven’t written to me for a long time.
It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.
练习3
1. Jane is no longer ___ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when
2.She looked _____ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though
3.-- I fell sick! -- I think it is ____ you are eating too much.
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. because
4. My opinion is _____ you should apologize to her. A. / B. that C. whether D. if
5.It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ___.
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
主语从句
●如果主语从句的内容为陈述句，连接词用that(不可以省略)；
●如果主语从句的内容为特殊疑问句，连接词用疑问词；（如who, which, when, where, why,
whoever, whichever, whatever, whenever, wherever等。特别注意：不能用no matter who, no matter which, no matter what，因为它们是不能引导名词性从句的。）
●如果主语从句的内容为一般疑问句，连接词用whether. (主语从句放句首时不能用if) 练习4
1. ___________________________ he finished writing the task in such a short time surprised us all.
2. ___________________________ we will go to the park tomorrow remains unknown.
3. ___________________________ he came from still puzzles us.
4. 改错：Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.
5. 改错：No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.
6. 改错：When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.
7. It is a pity ____ we won’t be able to go to the south. A. / B. when C. whether D. why
8. It doesn’t matter __________________________ she plan to do.
同位语从句
一、什么是同位语？同位语的简易判断方法：我们可以在名词和同位语之间加be,使之构成一
个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句。
例：1. Mr. Liu, our math teacher, is a charming gentleman.
our math teacher是Mr. Liu的同位语。（Mr. Liu is our math teacher.）
2. We elected Tom the monitor.
the monitor是Tom的同位语。(Tom is the monitor.)
二、什么是同位语从句? 同位语从句一般跟在某些名词如fact, idea, news, promise, belief 等
的后面，用以说明或解释该名词的具体内容。
例：The news that his heath is failing made us sad.
I have no idea where they are spending their holidays.
三、怎么选连接词
●同位语从句通常由that引导，that不在从句中充当成分，也不能省略；
●同位语从句也可以由whether, when, who, where, how等引导。
●引导同位语从句表示“是否”时，只能用whether而不用if。
练习5
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which
2.I have no idea ___ he will start his trip. A. when B. that C. what D./
3.He asked me the question ___ the job was worth doing. A. whether B. if C. that D. when
4.The question occurred to me ___ I am a good boy. A. what B. whether C. which D. if
练习6：区分以下句子是同位语从句还是定语从句，并填入适当的尽可能多的连接词：
1. I won’t believe the fact _________________________he lied to me.
2. I won’t believe the fact _________________________ he told me.
3. She told me the news ____________________________ my father-in-law was slightly injured.
4. I don't believe the news ____________________________ she told me.
5. I hold the belief ____________________________ we'll have a bright future.
6. That's the belief ____________________________ led me through my difficulty times.
练习1参考答案：
1)1. who 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those 等时，不用that。
2. that/省先行词是all, everything, nothing, little,等不定代词时用that而不能用which。
3. that 当先行词被all, little, some, any, no, every 等修饰时，用that。
4. that 当先行词被the only, the very, 最高级或序数词修饰时，用that。
5. that 先行词有人又有物时，用that。
2) 1. who/that 2. who这是非限，不能用that。
3. who/that
4. who 先行词是those,因此不用that
3) 1. that/which 翻译法：我们建了学校。改写法：We built this school. 看出：先行词school 在从句中作宾语。
2. where/in which翻译法：我们在学校里学习。改写法：We studied in this school. 先行词school 在从句中作状语。
3. in which或during which 改写：we worked together in/during the days.
4. that/which/省改写：We spent the days together.
5. why/for which 改写：He died for the reason.
6. which/that/省改写：He gave us the reason.
7. B. 填where 或in which.
8. D. Is this factory the one which/that/省some friends visited last Friday. the one是先行词。练习2答案：
1. that/省
2. if/whether
3. who/whom (在从句中作宾语时，口语中who 可替换whom)
4. Whether (与or not连用)
5. whether （介词后不用if）
练习3答案：
ADDBC(这是what带领的宾从，用陈述语序。) 练习4答案：
1. That
2. Whether/How
3. Where
4. 在light前加That, 因为引导主语从句并放句首的that不能省。
5. No matter who改成whoever.
6. remain改成remains主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。
7. A. 可填that 或省略，因为it作形式主语，that 带领的真正主语没有放在句首，所以that可省。
8. what
练习5答案：AAAB
练习6答案：1. that 同位从
2. that/which/省定从
3. that 同位从
4. that/which/省定从
5. that 同位从
6. which/that 定从
三大从句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句）高考真题混合练习
1. (2013安徽)23. It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests.
A. unless
B. when
C. even though
D. so that
2. (2013北京)31. _____ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A. That
B. What
C. Who
D. Which
3. (201北京)30. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ______ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case
B. even if
C. ever since
D. if only
4. (2013北京)33. Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A. why
B. where
C. that
D. what
5. (2013湖南)23. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ____ you reach any decision.
A．although B．before C．because D．unless
6. (2013湖南)28. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______ close you may be to victory.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. where
7. (2013江苏)28. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever
B. whoever
C. wherever
D. whichever
8. (2013江西)30._______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A. Whoever
B. Whatever
C. Whichever
D. Wherever
9. (2013辽宁)24. One can always manage to do more things, no matter__ fu ll one’s schedule is in life.
A. how
B. what
C. when
D. where
10. (2013山东)30. It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
11. (2013陕西)18. I have heard a lot of good things about you ______ I came back from abroad.
A. since
B. until
C. before
D. when
12. (2013浙江)13The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what
B. where
C. when
D. why
13. (2013上海)30. They promised to develop a software package by the end of this year, _____ they might have.
A. however difficult
B. how difficult
C. whatever difficulty
D. what difficulty
14. (2013上海)38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ______ interact
with one another.
A. that
B. where
C. who
D. what
15. (2013四川)7. He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ______ he wants to.
A. even if
B. as if
C. because
D. before
16. （2013四川）6. ______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A. When
B. How
C. What
D. That
17. (2013新课标I)33. “You can’t judge a book by its cover,” ________ .
A. as the saying goes old
B. goes as the old saying
C. as the old saying goes
D. goes as old the saying
18. (2013重庆)24John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _______ are family members.
A．them B．that C．which D．whom
19. (2013重庆)25. ______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case.
A. Once
B. As long as
C. Unless
D. Since
20. (2013陕西)20. It remains to be seen __ the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. whether
21. (2013陕西)16 is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A. It
B. That
C. What
D. As
22. (2013天津)15. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That
B. Which
C. Whether
D. What
23. (2013四川)9 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. where
24. (2013新课标I)26. Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which
B. where
C. how
D. what
25. (2013浙江)16.The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how
B. that
C. which
D. whether
26. (2013山东)35 Finally he reached a lonely island __ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom
27. (2013山东)31There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
A. as
B. that
C. when
D. where
28. (2013重庆)28. struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A. That
B. It
C. What
D. Which
29. (2013安徽)21．From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why
B. how
C. because
D. whether
30. (2013江西)33 He wrote a letter ________ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
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1. B。本题考查状语从句的连词。本题可以把四个选项分别放到空处，其中只有选项B能使语意通顺，为正确答案；其他三个选项的意思分别是“除非”，“即使”，“以便”，不合乎句意，排除。【句意】当你们有相似的爱好的时候，交朋友就容易的多。
【小窍门】把四个选项分别放到句中去，看能否使句意通顺，也是做题的一个技巧。
2. B【解析】考查名词性从句。此题题干部分is为系动词，the creative imagination of the writer 为表语，故is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故填what。意为：使得这本书如此不同寻常的是作者富于创造的想象力。
3. A。本题考查状语从句的连词。本题的解题关键是弄清“我带驾照”跟“租车之间”之间的逻辑关系，这样正确答案就很容易锁定了。
【句意】度假时我带了驾照，以防我要租车。
【小窍门】做这种题的时候，可以把四个选项分别带到空处，看哪个能使句意通顺完整，哪个就是正确答案。
4. C【解析】考查名词性从句。动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，不缺少成分，故使用that表陈述。
5. B。考查状语从句。解题思路：理清逻辑关系。对比reach any decision 和consult your feelings and your reason关系，不难看出，兼顾好情感与理智在前，做任何决定在后。
【句意】你要学会在做任何决定之前都必须兼顾好情感与理智。
6. A【解析】考查名词性从句。动词tell之后为宾语从句，再可以看出宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，描述形容词close用how，故选A。
7. C。本题考查让步状语从句。在状语从句_____ it is discovered中，不缺少任何主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，只可以选择副词性质的.【句意】在全球经济中，一种治疗癌症的新药，无论它是在哪儿被发现，都将在全球产生很多经济上的可能性。
8. C【解析】考查名词性从句。主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意，无论你们其中哪个人弄坏窗子都得为之赔偿。whichever“无论哪一个”，故选C。
9. A。本题考查让步状语从句。让步状语从句中，no matter how=however。根据how+adj./adv.的原则，本题中full是形容词，所以选择A。
【拓展】用however，whatever完成以下让步状语从句：
①_______________________ great difficulties we are faced with, we’ll never give up.
②_______________________ great the difficulties are, we’ll never give up.
③_______________________ many difficulties we are faced with, we’ll never give up.
答案分别为：① Whatever；② However；③ However。
分析：no matter what(=whatever)+n.，如题①；no matter how(=however)+adj./adv.，如题②。但是，若修饰名词的形容词为数量多少的词（many, much, little, few）时，要用no matter how=however，如题③。
【句意】不论一个人的日程有多么满，他总是能设法做更多的事情。
10. D 【解析】考查名词性从句。动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。
11. A。本题考查状语从句的连词。现在完成时态的其中一个用法是表示一个动作“从过去的某个时候发生，一直延续到现在”，从本句中的主句是现在完成时，从句是一般过去时来看，整个句子表达的正是这样的一个动作，故连词用since；如果用until或者before，则主句表示的动作都是发生在从句之前，都应该用过去完成时，排除B，C；如果用when，则主句应该用一般过去时，排除D。【句意】自从我从国外回来，听说了好多关于你的好事情。
12.B。考查定语从句。where引导的定语从句修饰platform，where再从句中充当地点状语。思路：1.确定从句类型，主句主干完整，可判断出是定语从句而非名词性从句；2.查找先行词；3.判断从句主干是否完整，确定关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当什么成分。【句意】这家博物馆将在春天开放，有一个展览和一个观看平台，在这个平台上参观者可以看到正在建造一个大玻璃屋。
13. C 解析：题干的意思是：“他们承诺，无论可能有什么困难，到今年底都要开发出一个软件包”。本题是一个主从复合句，由句意“无论”可知是让步状语从句，从而排除选项B，D。从句中的关键词是实义动词have，用还原法，可知是短语have difficulty，所以从句为whatever difficulty they might have。如果选B，则从句要改为：however difficult it might be。
14.：A解析：题干的意思是：“生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的”。分析句子结构，______ interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是人，所以用that。记住：what不可引导定语从句。
15. A。本题考查状语从句。句子的前段说他不能腾出时间，后段说他想，前后之间明显是让步关系，“即使想，也不能”，故正确答案是even if。其他三个选项的意思分别是好像，因为，在……之前，均不合句意，排除。
16.C【解析】考查名词性从句。此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。主语从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句；that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，不能做主干成分。
【句意】他很忙，即使他很想也不能腾出时间跟儿子一起。
17. C 本题考查as引导的状语从句。go old意思是“变老”，和题意不符，故排除选项A。选项B
和D显然使用了全倒装语序，但本句不满足条件，不可能作为本题的正确答案。所以最佳答案是选项C，其中的as引导一个方式状语从句，意思是“如……一样”。
【句意】正如老话所说的那样，“人不可貌相”。
18. D。本题考查定语从句。逗号之后是一个非限定性定语从句，关系词that只能引导限定性定语从句，排除；先行词是people，which 只能指物，排除选项C；如果用them，则逗号之后应该加上一个连词and，排除。
【拓展】英语中两个句子之间是必须要有一个连词的，简单说，如果在一个逗号的前面和后面的句子之中没有连词的话，那这个句子就是错误的。
【句意】约翰邀请了四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。
19. C。本题考查状语从句的连词。“我们有足够的证据”和“我们不能赢得这个案子”之间的关系有可能是两种：（1）让步关系；（2）否定前面的意思。四个选项中，没有表让步关系的although/though,，那么答案就应该是否定前面的意思，用unless，“如果我们没有……，我们就不能……”；其他三个连词明显与句意不符，排除。
【句意】如果我们没有足够的证据，就不能赢这个案子。
【小窍门】做这种题，关键是弄清两句话之间的逻辑关系，比如是因果关系还是转折关系等。20.答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。题干中it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。判
断主语从句中不缺少主干成分，因此排除代词BC两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，即排除表陈述的that应用whether表“是否”。
21. B。本题考查定语从句。as在此句中引导非限定性定语从句，放在句首，同时在从句中作主语，为正确答案；如果用it或者that，那么整个句子中缺少一个连词，排除选项A和B；如果用what，逗号前面应该是一个主语从句，主语从句之后应该是谓语动词，而不是逗号之后再来一个句子，排除。【句意】等医生到的时候，Amy好多了，孩子都这样。
22.【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell 的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether均不做成分。
23. D。本题考查定语从句。the environment是先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，“他们生活在这个环境中”，故用关系代词where。【拓展】关系词的选择，最关键的就是看先行词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是表示什么的单词，如表示地点的先行词之后未必用where，同样表示时间的先行词之后未必用when。【句意】现在人们更加关心他们所生活的环境。
24.D考查名词性从句。动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。
25.B【解析】考查名词性从句。此处belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，陈述一个事实，答案为B。
26.C。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词为island，而先行词在从句中所做的成分是主语，所以用关系代词that或which；when和where引导定语从句时用做状语；而whom引导定语从句时做宾语。【句意】最终他们到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的荒岛上。
27. A。本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。That是不可以引导非限制性定语从的；而when 和where引导定语从句时不做主语。【句意】没有简单的答案，正如科学界的许多情况一样。28.C【解析】考查名词性从句。主句谓语动词was之前为主语从句；主语从句中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what；that表陈述，不做成分；which表示在确定范围内进行选择，译为“哪一个”。
29.C【解析】考查名词性从句。此处考查表语从句。根据句意：地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。
30.C．考查定语从句。解题关键是判断定语从句关联词的选择方法，即：根据先行词在定语从句中做的成分来判断。本题中先行词letter在从句中做地点状语，因此，正确答案为C。
【句意】他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。
【拓展】what与how都不可以引导定语从句。
定语从句十年高考真题汇编 1.【2012全国卷II】⒏ That evening, ______I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2.【2012安徽】29. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this 3.【2012重庆】29. Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where 4.【2012北京】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 5.【2012福建】23. The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what 6.【2012陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 7.【2012山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series. A. them B. that C. which D. what 8.【2012湖南】34. Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 9.【2012天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which 10.【2012江西】28. By 16:30, ____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. which B. when C. what D. that 11.【2012四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 12.【2012浙江】9. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 13.【2012浙江】17. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 14.【2012江苏】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 15.【2011全国卷I】The prize will go to the writer _____ story shows the most imagination. A. that B. which C. whose D. what 16. 【2011全国卷II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. A. this B. that C. what D. which 17.【2011北京卷】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _____, of course, make all the others upset. A. who B. which C. what D. that 18.【2011上海卷】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can hire to reach your host family. A. which B. where C. when D. as 19.【2011山东卷】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____ are built close to each other. A. they B. where C. what D. that 20.【2011江西卷】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years. A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which 21.【2011江苏卷】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _____ the audience can buy ice-cream. A. when B. where C. that D. which 22.【2011安徽卷】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks. A. when B. which C. where D. while 23. 【2011浙江卷】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of _____ uses it somewhat differently. A. which B. what C. them D. those 24. 【2011浙江卷】A bank is the place _____ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when
状语从句一什么是状语从句 二状语从句位置 三状语从句分类 四特殊句式 五状语从句常见考点 六练一练
一什么是状语从句 状语从句是行使状语功能的从句，因为其作用相当于副词，它可以用来修饰谓语、定语、状语或整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连接词或起连接词作用的词组引导。 二状语从句位置 比较灵活，有时可以放于句首，有时可以置于句末。状语从句位于句首时，其后常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 三状语从句分类
让步状语 though, although, even though, while whether ，whoever/no matter who ，whatever/ n o m atter w hat ，whenever/ no matter Even t hough y ou s ay s o, I d o n ot believe it. 比较状语 than as …as ，the more … the more The m ore I s ee him , t he l ess I l ike h im. 方式状语 as, as if , as though He t old m e e verything a s i f I w ere h is best friend. 四 特殊句式 时间状语中 A:It + b e +时间点+ w hen …… 当某事发生时是什么时候 It was 11:00 PM when he came back last night. B:It i s/has b een +时间段 + s ince …… 自从某事发生后已过了多久时间 It i s /has b een t wo y ears s ince I e ntered t he t he s enior s chool. C:It + be +时间段 + before …… 在某事发生之前需要多久时间 It was 8 years before we finally drove away the Japanese invaders. It m ight b e a l ong t ime b efore C hinese l and o n t he m oon. 让步状语从句 A: as 引导的让步状语从句， 从句的表语、状语必须前置到句首。 Short as he is, he plays basketball very well. Child as he is, he is knowledgeable. （开头 0 冠词的用法） 1 2
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
【宾语从句】 在英语中，有简单句(只含一个谓语动词)、并列句(用连词连接，含不止一个谓语动词)和复合句(含从句)。本节课我们复习复合句里面的宾语从句 ．．．．。 如：She knows that he will come back soon. I’m afraid that I can’t go to your party. 1.宾语从句的【引导词】 宾语从句的引导词分三种。 ●(1) 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that.（that在口语中常省略） 主句：He says... 从句：He is tired of playing computer games. → He says that he is tired of playing computer games. ●(2) 如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether，表示“是否”。 主句：I don’t know… 从句：Does Tom likes fish? → I don’t know if / whether Tom likes fish. 【注意】① whether引导的从句常与or not连用，而if不能； ②宾语从句可简化为whether to do的搭配，而没有if to do这种搭配. 如：Could you tell me whether I should finish my homework today or not? Could you tell me whether to finish my homework today? 【拓展】if有两个意思： 1. 表示“是否”，引导的是宾语从句。动词的时态视情况而定。 2. 表示“如果”，引导的是条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时表示将来（遵循“主将从现”规则）。 经典例题：--Do you know if Tom ____________(go) hiking with us ? --I’m not sure. But i f he ____________(go), I will take many photos with him . ●(3) 如果从句是特殊疑问句，直接用该疑问词来引导。 主句：Do you know… 从句：what does he want to buy? → Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ 2. 宾语从句的【时态】 ■(1) 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 如：She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ ■(2) 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去的某时态 如：He said that she was singing. 他说她正在唱歌。 She wanted to know if I had finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了作业。 Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 【注意】格言和客观真理总是用一般现在时。 如：She told me yesterday (that) the earth travels around the sun.
状语从句练习题 1.I had been looking for the book for two days____ I found it at last. a.until b. when c. before d. while 2.He punished his students ____ they did anything wrong. a.however b. whenever c. whatever d. whichever 3.Those passengers will wait here____ the bus arrives. a.until b. because c. though d. as 4.Hardly had we reached home ____ it began to rain. a.before b. than c. as soon as d. when 5.No sooner had we arrived at the cinema___ the film began. a.than b. before c. when d. as soon as 6.You can’t watch TV ____ you’ve finished your homework. a.since b. until c. as d. after 7.We had scarcely left our school____ the rain began. a.before b. than c. while d. when 8.We have never seen her again_____ she went to work in another city. a.when b. as c. since d. while 9.____ the fight stopped, travel across the country has been quite safe. a.Since b. When c. After d. Unless 10.They were just about to leave____ the telephone rang.
（英语）定语从句练习题含答案及解析 一、定语从句 1．This is the bike_______I lost last week. A．that B．what C．who D．whose 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这是我上周丢失的那辆自行车。此句是一个定语从句。bike为先行词，当先行词为物时，引导词应该用that/which，故答案为A。 考点：考查定语从句。 2．Norman Bethune was a great man _____ gave his life to help the Chinese people. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：诺尔曼白求恩是一位伟大的人，他毕生致力于帮助中国人民。空格前名词man意为“人”，是先行词，后面是用来修饰这个名词，是定语从句部分，先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语，可以使用关系代词who/that，不能使用which（指物）/whose（指所属关系），what不能用来引导定语从句，故选B。 3．Linda will never forget the words her father told her. A．that B．who C．where D．what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：Linda将永远不会忘记她父亲告诉她的这些话。that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以为人或物；who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人；where是关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；what什么，常引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，修饰空前的the words，指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应选A。 4．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用that。 结合句意和语境可知选A。
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
一定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语主要由形容词担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。 a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面， thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from America Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom. falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool He is the man who you are looking for. 二：定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why. 1. I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that/which is red. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 2.I like some friends. Some friends like sports. I like friends who like sports. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 3.I like music. The music is quiet. I like music that/which is quiet. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
高考英语主语从句 定义：用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。引导主语从句的连接词有： 从属连词: that, whether； 连接代词: who (whoever), whom, whose, what (whatever)和which (whichever)； 连接副词: when, where, how和why。 连接词： 1. 从属连词：that，whether 1）that引导主语从句只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，that本身无实际意义，但不能省略。2）whether意为“是否”，放在句首句末皆可。由whether引导的名词从句做主语，表语，介词宾语，同位语时！不可用if代替。 a.That price will go up is certain. b. Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 2. 连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序，既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 Which side will win is not clear. Whoever breaks the law will be punished. Whatever he did is right. Who killed the scientist remains a question. 1）What和that引导的主语从句的区别：that 只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，没有意思。What 不仅起引导作用，还要充当一定成分(主语、宾语或表语)，意思是：“什么”。 What we need is money. That he will come is certain. 2）whatever / whoever的用法（~ever=no matter ~---让步状语从句中） whatever / whoever可以引导主语从句,并在句中作主语、宾语、表语等,不含疑问意义。whatever相当于anything that; whoever 相当于anyone who。例如: Whoever(Anyone who) wants to enter into this school must take the exam. Whatever(Anything that) she did was right. 3. 连接副词when，where，how，why等。既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。How this happened is not clear to anyone. When he will be back depends on the weather. When we’ll start tomorrow will be told soon. Where the test will be given is not yet decided. 4. 主语从句后置：为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it 作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 例: That we shall be late is certain. -- It’s certain that we shall be late. 1）用it 作形式主语的结构 A. It + be + 形容词+ that 从句 (obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.) 如：It is certain that she will do well in her exam. B. It + be + 名词词组+ that 从句(an honour, a fact, a pity, etc）如： It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是…… It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是… It is a fact that… …是事实It is common knowledge that… …是常识 It’s a pity that we can’t go. C. It + be + 过去分词+ that 从句(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc。）如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. D. It + 不及物动词或短语+ that 从句( seem，happen, doesn’t matter ,turn out）。如： It happened that I was out that day. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 2) 对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从
t 状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当 。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解 和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , dire ctly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3．原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4．目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5．结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.