我国煤矿生态环境问题与恢复治理
中国矿业大学卞正富
2014年矿山生态保护技术规范培训班2014年8月8日，辽宁兴城
提纲
?我国煤矿生产概况?煤矿环境主要问题?煤矿环境治理路径
一、我国煤矿生产概况?煤炭在能源生产中的地位?煤炭资源开发现状及挑战?煤炭资源化及其综合利用?煤炭主要开采方法及工艺
1.煤炭在能源生产中的地位
煤炭占我国一次能源70%左右，2013年煤炭产量达到36.8亿吨！煤炭占能源结构比例有所下降，但产量和消费量依然逐年增加！
1.1我国能源结构与煤炭
煤炭一直占我国能源生产和消费总量的60%以上，2012年分别达到76.6%和67.1%。煤炭工业的可持续发展维系着国家的能源安全。
能源生产结构
每kg含热7000kcal（29306J）的煤
定为标准煤,也称标煤。
能源折标准煤系数＝某种能源实际热值（kcal/kg）/7000（kcal/kg）
天然气15,640，4.6%
能源生产结构
能源消费结构
能源消费结构
面临着能源需求压力巨大、能源供给制约较多、能源生产和消费对生态环境损害严重、能源技术水平总体落后等挑战。
习近平主持中央财经领导小组会议“推动能源生产和消费革命”：
?抑制不合理能源消费，推动能源供给革命。
?推动能源供给革命,建立多元供应体系。（形成煤、油、气、核、新能源、可再生能源多轮驱动的能源供应体系）
?推动能源技术革命,带动产业升级。
?推动能源体制革命,打通能源发展快车道。
?全方位加强国际合作,实现开放条件下能源安全。
能源利用效率
能源利用效率
1.煤炭在能源生产中的地位
1.2全球能源结构与煤炭
Share of electricity from coal ?Coal is the largest
source of electricity in
the world.
?In 2001, 38% global
electricity was
generated by coal; in
2010, this percentage
reached up to 42%.
Share of electricity from coal
13?
Coal generated over 50% of the electricity in
countries, like South Africa (93%), China(78%), Australia(77%), India(68%), some Eastern European countries .
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2011, 2009 data
Share of electricity from coal
Data: mixture of 2002 and 2003
Ten years ago, some countries’electricity relied on coal burning, and today the situation did not change greatly.
Coal was mainly used to fuel power plant
?On the other hand, the most significant use of coal is electricity generation.
?In the US, more than 80% coal was used by power plant and more than 50% in China.?As the fact, apart from coal mining wastes, large amounts of fly ash, the by-product of electricity need to be treated and reused.
15
World Coal Production
which change over 2011 is 2%.
?China coal production in 2012 is 3650 Mt and Germany is 196.2 Mt.
Several countries contributed to total world coal production
500.01000.0
1500.0
2000.0
2500.0
3000.0
3500.0
4000.0
1990a 2000a 2010a 2012a
Coal’s role
?Coal plays a great role in energy because of plentiful, cheap, easy to ship, easy to store, easy to burn.
?Coal will still be a main energy for all over the world, especially for developing countries and Asia Pacific Countries.
?Last decades, mining technology, coal combustion efficiency and CCS to reduce carbon emissions have been improved so greatly that coal as a dirty energy becomes more and more clean.
CCS is expected to represent 31% of all the necessary co2emissions reductions
in the power sector through to 2050.
瓦斯爆炸煤矿突水三下压煤土地破坏植被枯死
水源流失
1.煤炭在能源生产中的地位
1.3我国煤炭生产与消费与安全、资源与环境保护的矛盾
我国煤炭开发面临安全、高效、绿色的巨大挑战。