动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。
(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分
词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
(2)动词不定式：
① 形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to +动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只
要在“to ” 前面加上“not ”。它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to +动词原形”。*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。
② 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、
状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
③ 动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式
短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it ”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)
④ 动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
to have a rest began to
search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(
他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门
[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turning off the
light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) / Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)
He does not know which one to take./ Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)
[C] 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则
后置。如：I found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑车不很容易)
⑤动词不定式可以在句子中用作定语,放在名词或代词后面。
They could not find a place to live in.(他们找不到住的地方)/ Please give me a chair to sit on.(请给我一张椅子坐坐)/ He has got a writing brush to write with.((他找到了写字的毛笔)
⑥动词不定式可以在句子中用作状语,有下列几种情况：
[A]放在不及物动词(come, go, stop, finish, wait等词)的后面。如：He came to see her
yesterday.(他昨天来看望她)(表示来的目的)/I stopped to have a rest.(我停下来
休息一会儿)(表示停下来的目的)
[B]放在完整的谓语之后(即“谓语+宾语”、“谓语+宾语+补语”、“动词+表语”之
后)。如：We cleaned the room to let him play in it.(我们打扫了房间以便让他在
里面玩)/ I opened the window to see more clearly.(我打开窗子以便看得更清楚
点儿)
[C]有时表示目的的不定式短语可以放在句首。如：To arrive there on time,I got up
one hour earlier than usual.(为了按时到达,我们比平时早起了一个小时)(表示
早起的目的)
[注意] stop to do与stop doing的不同。如：They stopped to have a look.(他们停下来看看)(不定式作“停下来”的目的状语)/ They stopped looking out of the
window and began to listen to the teahcher.(他们停止向窗外望,开始听老师讲
课)(动名词作宾语,表示“停止”的内容)
⑦动词不定式可以在句子中用作表语,限用于连系动词之后。如：My job is to keep the
goal.(我的工作就是守住球门)
⑧
Mum asked me to help her with the cooking.
you to see my parents.(我想要你见见我的父母)/ The boss often made the
workers work 14 hours a day.(老板常让工人们一天工作14小时)/ Now let me
hear you play the violin.(现在让我来听你拉小提琴)
[注意] help之后做宾补的不定式符号to可以省略；hear / see / feel / watch之后的宾补用不定式与现在分词时,含义不同,需特别注意,(参见现在分词部分)。试比较：
I heard her crying when I walked past.(我路过时听到她正在哭)(指当时瞬间的
情况)
I sat near her and heard her sing the new song.(我坐在她附近听她唱新歌)(指整
个过程)
(3)动名词
①动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被
状语修饰；它也有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动
名词加相关词语(宾语或状语等)构成动名词短语。
②动名词可以作主语。一般可用it作形式主语而将动名词短语后移。如：Learning
English all by yourself is not so easy.(自学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy
learning English all by yourself.)
③动名词可以作宾语。
[A] want / need之后用动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你
的车急需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)
[B] remember / forge / stop / finish之后用动名词时,与用不定式含义不同。如：I forgot
to write a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写) / I forgot writing a letter
to him.(我忘了给他写过信)(写了却忘了) / They stopped to look back.(他们停下
来向后看)(停下的目的是向后看) / They stopped looking back.(他们停止向后
看)(不向后看了)
[C] enjoy / mind / keep / hate/ go等词一般用动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my
closing the door?(把门关上你介意吗？)/ She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐飞
机旅行)/ They went swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/ I enjoy
walking around the town.(我喜欢在镇上转悠)
[D] like / love / start / begin / learn后面用动名词时,与用不定式意思相近或相同。如：
We began to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在小学时就开
始学英语了) / We began studying English when we were at primary school. (我们
在小学时就开始学英语了)
④动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进行时混淆。如：My job is putting
these parts together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来) /I am putting these parts
together.(我正在
．．把这些部件拼起来)
⑤动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,而现在分词则主
要表示进行着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health. (动名词短
语,作主语) / Seeing is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语) / He ran after a
moving bus and got onto it.(现在分词,作定语) / His father saw him sitting on some
eggs.(现在分词,作宾补)
(4)分词：包含现在分词和过去分词。(高中学习重点)
①主要区别：现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思；过去分词有
被动或动作已经完成的意思。分词可以有自己的宾语或状语。
②分词或分词短语在句子中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。
[A]作定语：分词作定语时,一般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放
在所修饰的名词之后。如：I have got a running nose.(我流鼻涕) / The woman
running after the thief shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着小偷追的妇女大喊：捉小偷！) / Yesterday I met a man called Mr. Black.(昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人)/ He only gave me a broken glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我一个坏玻璃杯,所以我很生他的气)
Mum kept me working all the week.
entered the room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进入房间时看到杰克正在吃一只大梨子)/ In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(黑暗之中我感到有个冷的东西在我的脚上移动)
[C] 现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom,holding a
pile of papers in her hand.(他走进教室,手上抓着一沓纸)/ I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test.(这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试)
[D] 过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后面,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系
表”主要表示状态,而被动语态则表示动作。常用过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried (焦虑) / be pleased (高兴) / be tired (疲劳) / get dressed (打扮好) / get lost (迷路) / get caught (遭遇) /beome frustrated (沮丧) / become intereted in (对…感兴趣)等等。例略。
[E] 过去分词可以作宾语补足语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我
让人给我理了发)(注意：have sth. done表示动作由别人来做,而have done sth.
则为现在完成时的结构,两个结构不可以混淆)
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.
必备英语非谓语动词专项及解析 一、非谓语动词 1．The WWF is working hard _________ the animals in danger． A. save B. to save C. saves D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：世界自然基金会正努力工作来拯救处于危险中的动物。此处表示 目的，应该用动词不定式。故选B。 【点评】考查动词不定式。动词不定式表示目的。 2．— Please stay with me this weekend. —I'm sorry, but my father and I planned _________ Beijing a long time ago. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——这个周末请和我呆在一起吧。——我很抱歉，但是我父亲和 我很久前就计划去参观北京了。plan to do sth.，计划做某事，动词不定式作宾语，故选C。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语plan to do sth. 3．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。 4．Most people enjoy other people games. A. watching; plays B. to watch; to play C. watching; playing D. watching; to play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:许多人喜欢看别人做游戏。喜欢做某事:enjoy doing sth后跟动名词 作宾语;看某人做某事:watch sb do sth（用省to的不定式表示看到了整个过程）;watch sb doing sth（用动名词表示看到了动作在发生）。人们喜欢看别人在做游戏而不一定是整个 过程，故选C。 5． Though he often made his little sister ______, today he was made ______ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry 【答案】 A
第五章非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
非谓语动词 非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制. 非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do 动名词：v-ing 用做名词 分词（现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed）（高考） 考点一：不定式 1.不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。如：My father asked me not to read in bed. ) 2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。 (1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末， It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。 It's important (for us) to protect environment. 注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. (2)作宾语 He wants to go out with her. 注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。 ？
Would you like to see a film this evening ②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. (3)作表语 句型：主语+ be + to do sth . 如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. （4）作目的状语 > 如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。 (5)作宾语补足语 ①不能省略to： ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs) 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词， 形式：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词） 作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等。 特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 4.谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。 5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。 与谓语动词的关系相同点 （1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：They built a garden. They suggested building a garden. （2）都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. （3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式） We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）（4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语） We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）We being League member, the work was well done. （现在分词的逻辑主语） 不定式 一、形式功能： 动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式：not + (to) do 以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下： （1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后. 例如：I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。 （2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生， 例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。 （3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。 I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。 He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。 二、不定式的句法功能： （1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。
非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。） 一、不定式与动名词做主语 1.动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。 例句： Reading English is really a great fun.<这里不强调看一次，看两次……表示的是一般性的行为> To read english this morning will take most of my time.<这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为> 2.形式主语it 的运用: 1).不定式做主语,谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。 例句：To finish the job took us two hours. It took us two hours to finish the job. （注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.） 例句:it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow. 2).It is+adj.of/for sb.to do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for. 例句： It’s very nice of you to help us.<此时，不定时的逻辑主语是you，adj.是nice,二者构成系表结构，即可以说you are nice.此时应该用of> It’s impossible for us to defeat the boss.<此时就不能说we are impossible.因此应该用for > 3).用动名词做主语的句型：It is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. It’s worth while doing 例句： It’s no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收 (it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充) 3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。 例句： To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.眼见为实 4.There be no +ving 例句： There is no parking around here. No smoking,please. 练习题 It is hard_________ his mind.(to change ) It is fun__________ with a foreign man.(talking) There is no ________what will happen.(telling) I like_________ this novel this morning.(to read) 二：做表语 1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。 例句：My wish is to become a famous writer. 2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征,表主动（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等）；进行时表示正在进行的动作。 例句： i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.
非谓语动词讲解及练习 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．In response to the citizens’ concern, the government claimed ______ measures to attend to the increasingly serious smog in the past two months. A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．to have taken 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定结构。句意：为了回应市民的担忧，政府声称在过去的两个月里已经采取措施来应对日益严重的雾霾。claim to do声称，该用法是固定用法，“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”用现在完成时，故选D。 2．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 3．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A．being completed B．to be completed C．completed D．having been completed 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。此处to be completed表将来、被动。句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。 【名师点睛】这是考查非谓语动词做定语的用法，句中关键词next year说明动作是将要发生。而The airport和complete是被动关系，用不定式的被动做定语。 4．China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs. A．recognizing B．being recognized C．to be recognized D．recognized 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。 5．More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ people’s
专业.专注. 非谓语动词（the Non-Finite Verbs ） 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词， 形式：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词） 作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等。 特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用 （如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。 2. 非谓语动词可以有形容词作用 （如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。 3. 非谓语动词可以有副词作用 （如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。 4. 谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限 制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语 ，它不受主语的人称和数的限制 5. 英语中不能单独做句子的谓语 。 与谓语动词的关系相同点 （1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用 ，例如： They built a garden. （2） 都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well. He avoided being punished by his parents. （动名词的被动式 ） Having written the composition, we handed （现在分词的完 it in.boss ordered them to start the work. （动 The 词不定式的逻辑主语 ） 不定式 一、形式功能： 动词不定式：（to ）+do ，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。 否定式：not + （to ） do 以do 为例，动词不定式的构成如下： （1） 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后 例如： rm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多 。 We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观 。 He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家 。 The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术 。 The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作 。 （2） 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生 ， 例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力 。 He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书 。 He was punished by his parents. （谓语动词被动语态） We have written the composition. （谓语动词的完成 时） 成式） （4）都可以有逻辑主语 They started the work at once. （谓语动词的逻辑主语） They suggested building a garden. We being League member, the work was well done. （现在分词的逻辑主语） （3） 都有主动与被动，体"'式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如： We are League members. （谓语动词的主语）
非谓语动词专项练习及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．With the homework _______, the students can go to have a picnic. A．being done B．done C．doing D．to do 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：做完作业后，学生们就可以去野餐了。此处是with的复合结构，homework和动词do是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。故选B。 【名师点睛】 with复合结构 “w ith复合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。在句中表示“原因，结果，伴随，方式”等情况。 (1)with + 宾语 + 形容词 The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随） (2)with + 宾语 + 介词短语 The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式） (3)with + 宾语 + 副词 The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式） (4)with + 宾语 + 现在分词 Mary felt very shy with so many eyes looking at her. （表原因） (5)with + 宾语 + 过去分词 If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. （表方式） 本题就是考查此结构，homework和动词do是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。 (6)with + 宾语 + 不定式 With too much work to do the next day, he felt anxious and didn’t sleep well. （表原因） 一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况；若放在句首，则多表示“原因”或“条件”，例如： With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到很孤单。 With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 因为向导带路，我没怎么费事就找到了他们的村子。 2．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it would fly. A． keep B． kept C． keeping D． to keep
邑天下教育内部资料---百思课教育工场鉥心奉献 ——非谓语动词 ●重要知识要点突破 定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle） 一、动词不定式 不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。 1.不定式的时态及语态 时态主动被动意义例句语态 一般To do To be done与谓语动词同时 发生或以后发生I’m glad to see you.当逻辑主语是 这个不定式表 示的动作的承 受者时，须用 被动形式。如： He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. This book is said to have been translated into Spanish. 进行to be doing 表示谓语的动作 （情况）发生时， 不定式表示的动 作正在进行 He pretended to be reading a book when I came in 完成to have done to have been done 先于谓语动作发 生 We seem to have met each other before. 完成进行to have been doing 先于谓语动作发 生而又延续到谓 语动作发生后 He is said to have been studying abroad. 2.不定式的句法功能 1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。2）作表语：Her job is _______________________________. 她的工作就是打扫大厅。
人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．Young people are encouraged to work hard ____their own dreams. A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：鼓励年轻人努力工作，实现自己的梦想。根据句意可知their own dreams是workhard的目的，常用动词不定式来表示目的，故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式的基本用法——作目的状语。 2．Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sbto do sth建议某人做某事，所以选A。 3．—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—-朱丽亚，你的手机响了。—等一下。过马路时接电话是危险的。It + be + adj. for （of） sb to do sth 某人做某事……，是固定句式，it是形式主语，不定式结构做真正主语。故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式做主语的句式。熟记此句式，并能熟练运用。 4． Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ________ sure we don't break anything. A. make B. made C. to make D. making 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：无论什么时候我们这些孩子们来到这里，Susan姨妈只是站在那里，看着我们以确保我们不打破什么东西。此处是目的状语，故用动词不定式to make。watch sb do/doing sth看着某人做了/正在做某事，但是make sure的意思是“保证；确保”，在本句中不符合逻辑，故排除AD；watch sth done看着某事被做，也不符合句意，故选
外研版英语【初中英语】非谓语动词专项讲解及练习 一、非谓语动词 1．Sue practices ______ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A. play B. played C. to play D. playing 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：Sue努力练习拉小提琴并经常做精彩演出。Practise doing sth.故答 案为D。 【点评】考查动名词的用法，掌握practice doing结构。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B. 动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句 意及结构，故选B。 3．The workers were made from morning to night in the past. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上make sb do sth让某人做某事，其被动语态形式sb be made to do sth所以选B。 4．Our English teacher wants us ______ English stories out of class. A. read B. reading C. to read 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事。故选C。 5．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。
中考英语非谓语动词专项讲解与训练 非谓语动词一 (动词不定式） 1. 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not。如： My mother decided not to have a trip to Yunnan with me. 我妈妈决定不和我去云南旅游了。 2.不定式可以和疑问词who, which, what, how, where，when连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。如： Could you tell me how to operate this machine? 你能告诉我怎样操作这台机器吗？ 3.动词不定式的句型或结构考查 ① It＋be＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋to do sth.意为“某人能做某事真是太……了”。
此句型中的形容词通常是表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如：good，kind，nice，wise，clever，foolish，right，wrong，careful，careless等。如： It's very wise of you to do it ahead of time. 你提前做了那件事真是太明智了。 .② It＋be＋adj.＋for＋sb.＋to do sth.意为“对……来说做某事真是太……了”。 这些形容词通常是表示客观情况的形容词。如：easy，hard，difficult，important，necessary，impossible，interesting等。如： It's necessary for us to take a map when traveling. 对我们来说，旅行的时候带一张地图是有必要的。 ③ too...to do结构, in order to do 结构enough to do结构 too...to结构意为“太……而不能”，enough to结构意为“足够……以至于能……”。如： The water is too hot to drink. 水太烫了不能喝。In order to do 为了-- .④主语＋think/find/feel/ believe/consider等＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.＋其他，意为“某人认为/发现做某事……”。如： I think it easy to finish the paper in three hours. 我认为三个小时完成这篇文章是很简单的 非谓语动词二 (动名词） ① 有些动词或词组后常跟动名词作宾语，常见的有： finish(完成)，practice(实践)，worth(值得)，be busy doing （忙于），keep(继续)，be used to(习惯于)，give up(放弃)，consider(考虑)，can't help(忍不住；情不自禁), feel like(想要), miss(错过)，imagine(想象)，mind(介意)，avoid(避免)，enjoy(喜欢；享受)，have fun(玩得开心)，look forward to(期待)suggest (建议） 巧思妙记 完成实践值得忙；
非谓语动词复习 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式to do b.现在分词/ 动名词doing c.过去分词done 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 (有一个特殊情况：过去分词不具备名词性，所以补充当主语或宾语。）非谓语动词使用条件：一个简单句中有且只有一个谓语动词 一个句子当中，已经存在一个谓语动词, 又没有连词的情况下, 应使用非谓语动词。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 所有的非谓语动词的否定都是在其前面加NOT 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的变体 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 例如：The work is to be done soon. 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.
二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. 注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains. 句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的） It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that. II.作宾语 接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter. (1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wish等 (2)it作形式宾语 I find/feel to work with him interesting ．I find/feel it interesting to work with him． 3. I feel it my duty to change all that. 2.We think it important to obey the law. 下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词： stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做