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如何区分定语从句与宾语从句

如何区分定语从句与宾语从句
如何区分定语从句与宾语从句

如何区分定语从句与宾语从句

定语从句

定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

(1)由That引导,(指人或物),先行词是人或物

(2)由Who引导(指人)先行词是人

(3)由Which引导(指物)先行词是物

(1)和(2)例:This is the engineer that who will give us a talk .

特殊情况:引导词只能用That而不能其他

《1》被序数词或者是最高级修饰的先行词后边,只能用That.用“《》”的说明只能用这个词

例:This is the most interesing story 《that》I have ever read.

例:Xiao Ming(小明)is the first forginer 《that》I have known.

《2》先行词是不定代词的必须用That

(2)定语从句中的谓语动词形式要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。(这里所说的数是单数或复数形式要与第几人称一致)

宾语从句

宾语从句就是陈述句语序,宾语从句就是由直接引语变为间接引语,或由间接引语变为直接引语。

(1)由That引导(在句子中常被省略)

例:The boy said to this mother “I want to buy a bag ”句意:这个男孩儿对他妈妈说,我想买个书包。(直接引语)

例:The boy told this mother( that)---引导词he wanted to a bag.句意:男孩儿告诉他的妈妈说,他想买个书包。(间接引语)

直接引语变为间接引语时里的动词会有变化,变化方式:

直接引语——间接引语

一般现在时——一般过去时

现在进行时——过去进行时

现在完成时——过去完成时

一般过去时——过去完成时

过去完成时——过去完成时

一般将来时——过去将来时

二、由If或Whether引导(是不是、是否,If在连接宾语从句时是这个意思,连接条件状语从句时是,假如、如果)。If或Whether引导的(直接引语)原句是一般疑问句

例:The teacher asked "do you know his name"(直接引语)

例:The teacher asked me if (或Whether)I knew his name.(间接引语)

(注意直接引语变为间接引语动词的时态变化)

特殊情况:只能用Whether,而不能用If.

(1)放在动词不定式前边时

例:I can't decide whether to buy this pen or that one.

(2)放在介词后边时

例:I Worry about(介词)whether I can pass the exam.

(3)与“or not”连用时(一般情况这俩词都是句尾)

例:I don't whether I can help you or not.

三、由疑问词引导的直接引语(原句是特殊疑问句)

例:The teacher asked liu xiang(刘翔)“What time is it?”(直接引语)

例:The teacher asked liu xiang what time it was.(间接引语)

注(时态搭配关系:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据需要可是用任何时态,主句是一般过去时态,从句必须是过去时态当中的一种)

特殊情况:如果宾语从句表示的是一种客观性真理(比如,世界上有一个太阳,有一个地球……)这是宾语从句主句是一般过去时态的情况下从句仍然是一般现在时态。

If可能连接的是宾语从句也可能是条件状语从句,连的宾语时意思是(是不是,是否)连的是条件状语从句时意思是(假如,如果)。连接宾语从句时,时态搭配关系以写出,连接条件状语从句时,主句是一般将来时态,从句是一般现在时态。区分它连的是宾语从句还是条件状语从句,If放在动词后边时,这是连接的是宾语从句,其他位置即是条件状语从句。

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