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湖北省荆门市2016高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解(2)

湖北省荆门市2016高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解(2)
湖北省荆门市2016高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解(2)

科普环保类阅读理解(2)

2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类

Mosquitoes have an extraordinary ability to target humans far away and fly straight to their unprotected skin. Regrettably,mosquitoes can do more than cause an itchy(发痒的)wound. Some mosquitoes spread several serious diseases,including Dengue,yellow fever and malaria.

Over one million people worldwide die from these diseases each year. New research now shows how mosquitoes choose who to bite.

Mosquitoes need blood to survive. They are attracted to human skin and breath. They smell the carbon dioxide gas,which all mammals breathe out. This gas is the main way for mosquitoes to know that a warm-blooded creature is nearby.

But mosquitoes also use their eyes and sense of touch. Michael Dickinson is a professor at the California Institute of Technology. His research shows how these small insects,with even smaller brains,use three senses to find a blood meal.

Michael Dickinson’s team used plumes—a material that rises into the air of carbon dioxide gas into a wind tunnel. They then used cameras to record the mosquitoes. The insects followed the plume.

Then,the scientists placed dark objects on the lighter colored floor and walls of the tunnel. Mr. Dickinson said,at first,the mosquitoes showed no interest in the objects at all. “What was quite striking and quite surprising is that the mosquitoes fly back and forth for hours. These are hungry females and they completely ignore the objects on the floor and wall of the tunnel. But the moment they get a hit of CO2,they change their behavior quite obviously and now would become attracted to these little visual blobs (斑点).”

This suggested to the researchers that a mosquito’s sense of smell is more important in the search for food. Once mosquitoes catch a smell of a human or animal,they also follow visual signals.

【小题1】What do mosquitoes mainly use to find their targets?

A.Sense of smell. B.Sense of touch.

C.Sense of sight. D.Smart brains.

【小题2】The first response of the mosquitoes to the objects in the experiment

is .

A.to fly to the dark ones

B.to catch and stick to them

C.to take no notice of them

D.to attach themselves to them

【小题3】How can we avoid being attacked by mosquitoes according to the text ?

A.Don’t let them see us.

B.Use dark objects to stop them.

C.Make them fly back and forth for hours.

D.Attract them to objects full of carbon dioxide gas.

【小题4】What can be the best title for the text?

A.How Do Mosquitoes Survive?

B.Why Do Mosquitoes Need Blood?

C.How Do Mosquitoes Choose to Bite You?

D.Why Do Mosquitoes Attack the Human Being?

2016高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类

The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two sources of heat used for cooking are natural gas or electric stoves. The World Health Organization(WHO) warns that millions of people are dying every year from indoor air pollution. The WHO finds that poor cooking, heating and lighting technologies are killing millions

of people each year.

Indoor air pollution results from the use of dangerous fuels and cook stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are unable to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. And they say more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Of that number, the WHO says about 4.3 million people die from household air pollution given off by simple biomass(生物燃料)and coal stoves.

These findings show that the home use of poisonous fuels is to blame for many of these deaths. These fuels include wood, coal, animal waste and so on. Carlos Dora is Coordinator in the WHO’ s Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health. He says people should not use unprocessed coal and kerosene(煤油)fuel indoors. He says opening a window or door to let out the harmful air will not correct the situation. It will only pollute the outdoors. “New technologies and clean fuels can rid people of this problem.”

The United Nations found that more than 95 percent of families in sub-Saharan Africa depend on solid fuels for cooking. It says huge populations in India, China and Latin American countries, such as Guatemala and Peru, are also at risk.

Nigel Bruce is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool. He says researchers are developing good stoves and other equipment to burn fuels in a more efficient way.“There are already many technologies for clean fuels available now. An effective and reasonably low-cost ethanol(酒精)stove that is made by Dometic (a Sweden-based company)is now being tested out. Another interesting development is electric induction stoves.” In India, you can buy an induction stove for about $8. And in Africa you can buy a solar lamp for less than $1.

【小题1】How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?

A.By making classifications. B.By listing numbers.

C.By following time order. D.By describing a process.

【小题2】According to Carlos Dora, what is the best solution to indoor air pollution?

A.People should use an effective air cleaner.

B.People should use new technologies and clean fuels.

C.People should open a window or door to let out the harmful air.

D.People should prevent themselves from being exposed to harmful air..

【小题3】What can we learn from the passage?

A.Most of the deaths from indoor pollution are in developing countries.

B.Burning solid fuels can help limit indoor air pollution .

C.People can buy ethanol stoves made by Dometic in India.

D.There are already two technologies for clean fuels available for use.

【小题4】Which would be the best title for the passage?

A.The way we cook is changing.

B.Cause of indoor air pollution.

C.The development of electric stoves.

D.Indoor air pollution kills millions each year.

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

(2013·重庆,B)

One of the greatest gifts one generation can give to other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience. This idea has inspired the awardwinning photographer Andrew Zuckerman. He interviewed and took photos of fifty oversixtyfiveyearolds all over the world.His project explores various aspects of their lives. The photos and interviews are now available on our website.

Click on the introductions to read the complete interviews.

Let us now have a culture of peace.

—Federico Mayor Zaragoza, Spain

Federico Mayor Zaragoza obtained a doctorate in pharmacy(药学)from the Complutense University of Madrid in 1958. After many years spent in politics, he became Director-General of UNESCO in 1987. In 1999, he created the Foundation for a Culture of Peace, of which he is now the president. In addition to many scientific publications, he has published four collections of poems and several books of essays.

Writing is a discovery.

—Nadine Gordimer, South Africa

Due to a weak heart, Nadine Gordimer attended school and university briefly. She read widely and began writing at an early age. She published her first short story at the age of fifteen, and has completed a large number of works, which have been translated into forty languages. In 1991, Gordimer won the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Jazz is about the only form of art today.

—Dave Brubeck, USA

Dave Brubeck studied music at the University of the Pacific and graduated in 1942. After World War Two he was encouraged to play jazz. In 1951, he recorded his first album (专辑). Brubeck's 1959 album has beco

me a jazz standard. He received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.

For more figures CLICK HERE.

文章大意:一代人可能传给下一代的就是他们在生活中获得的宝贵的人生经验,因此Andrew Zuckerman把50多岁的人选作他项目的主体。本文通过几个例子让大家更好的了解这一项目。5.Why did Andrew Zuckerman choose the fifty elders for his project?

A.Because their wisdom deserves to be passed on.

B.Because they are physically impressive.

C.Because their accomplishments inspired him.

D.Because they have similar experiences.

答案:A 细节理解题。由文章第一句话One of the greatest gifts one generation can give other generations is the wisdom it has gained from experience可知,Andrew Zuckerman 为他的项目选择50多岁的人是因为他们的人生经验值得一代代往下传。故A项正确。6.According to the web page, Federico Mayor Zaragoza ______.

A.has won many awards for his work in politics

B.has served as the president of a university

C.has devoted all his life to the field of science

D.has made achievements in different areas

答案:D 推理判断题。由文章的第一则采访可知,Zaragoza在医学、政治、文化、科学、文学方面都有不凡的成就,因此D项正确。

7.Who most probably said “My education has been the library and books” in the interview when reflecting on his/her experience?

A.Andrew Zuckerman.

B.Federico Mayor Zaragoza.

C.Nadine Gordimer.

D.Dave Brubeck.

答案:C 推理判断题。由上面几则采访可以看出,一生致力于写作的是Nadine Gordimer,故C项正确。

8.What is the main purpose of this web page?

A.To show Zuckerman's awards.

B.To publicize Zuckerman's project.

C.To spread the wisdom of the three people.

D.To celebrate the achievements of the three people.

答案:B 主旨大意题。本文主要向读者介绍Andrew 的Zuckerman项目,然后举了其中几个例子,为的是让大家更多地了解他的项目,故B项正确。

阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。

(2013·四川,D)

Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia (怀旧 ). It's fun to come home. It looks the same. It smells the same. You'll realize what's changed is you. Home is where we can remember pain, love, and some other experiences: We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here.

If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glasstop wooden table. To the right of the living room is my first bedroom. It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are.

There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays, and where I cried on Halloween—when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me. I always liked

standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. If I sit at the table, I can see my favorite room in the house, my parents' room. It is simple: a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. Their bed is my safe zone. I can jump on it anytime—walking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.

I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists. It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property (住宅 ) on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles. It is proof I lived, I grew, and I learned.

Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home. I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings. I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom. But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home.

文章大意:家是让人感觉到和平、安宁、安全、祥和的地方,是能够让人的心灵完全放松的

地方。

9.Why does the author call her parents' bed her “safe zone” (Paragraph 3)?

A.It is her favorite place to play.

B.Her needs can be satisfied there.

C.Her grandparents' photos are lined on each side.

D.Her parents always play together with her there.

答案:B 细节理解题,由第三段I can jump on it anytime...until the morning可知,

在她父母的床上,她可以随心所欲,需要可以得到满足。

10.What can be learned from the passage?

A.The old furniture is still in author's first bedroom.

B.The author can still visit her first physical home in Los Angeles.

C.The author's favorite room in her first home is the dining room.

D.Many people of the author's age can still find their first physical homes.

答案:B 推理判断题,由文章第四段可知,作者位于洛杉矶的家还在,它曾经是作者生活、成长和学习的地方,她仍然可以前往拜访。

11.Sometimes when she feels lost, the author will ________.

A.open the window at night

B.lie down in bed to have a dream

C.try to bring back a sense of home

D.go to Los Angeles to visit her mom

答案:C 细节理解题,由文章第五段I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home...and my belongings可知,此时,作者会躺下寻找一种家的感觉。

12.What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?

A.To express how much she is attached to her home.

B.To declare how much she loves her first house.

C.To describe the state of her family.

D.To look back on her childhood.

答案:A 推理判断题,从全文作者对于家的陈述可知,从儿时到现在她一直依恋于家。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习,值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力,即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来,阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是:(1)掌握所读材料的主旨大意,以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节;(2)既理解具体事实,也理解抽象的概念;(3)既理解字面意思,也理解深层含义,包括作者的态度、意图等;(4)既理解某句、某段的意义,也理解全篇的逻辑关系,并能根据文章进行推理和判断;(5)既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解,也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求,试题中常采用如下几种题型:事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计,答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1.首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理,因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感,特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀,从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的,因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事,也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求,试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词,只要认真分析,仔细阅读,这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2.扫读全文,理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章,首先要快速扫读全文,虽为扫读,但不可漫不经心,阅读时也应聚精会神,力求可能多地获取材料信息,只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理,不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

3.对症下药,各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后,再把短文的问题简单看一遍,弄懂题意,然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息,是为某些特定的问题而阅读,因此阅读时要有较强的针对性,对与问题有关的数据,词句等仔细阅读,认真理解,同时结合不同考查内容的题型,采取如下解题对策: (1)事实询问题:这类试题通常是以疑问词what,who,when,where,why,how 等引起的特殊问句,就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义,然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节,正确估计答案来源,同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息,确认各种信息。 (2)推理判断题:此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思,对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手,根据上下文的内在联系,充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系,人物的动机,以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西,不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考,切勿想当然,凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 (3)数据推算题:此题要求我们就文章提供的数据,以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断,然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时,要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析,若数据信息较多,还要注意弄清数据之间的关系,同时分清有用与无用信息,最终作出正确判断。 (4)主旨大意题:此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句,抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意,因此,只要找准每段的主题句,文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

2020届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练-科教科普类(1)

科教科普类 1、You can remember the face, but can‘t put a name to it. Many of us have been caught in this embarrassing situation. But researchers say it is often easier to remember someone's name than what they look like. Twenty-four volunteers were shown 40 pictures of strangers, paired with random(随机的) names. They were given time to memorize the faces and names before being tested on which they thought they had seen before. The participants could remember up to 85 per cent of the names but only 73 per cent of the faces. When they were shown a different picture of the same person, the participants could recall only 64 per cent of faces, according to the study, led by the University of York. That may be because faces are only recognized visually, while names can be both spoken and written down so appear in our visual and audio memory. When people were shown famous people, they also remembered their names more accurately than their photographs. Co-author Dr Rob Jenkins, from the university's psychology department, said, "Our study suggests that, while many people may be bad at remembering names, they are likely to be even worse at remembering faces. This will surprise many people as it is against our initial understanding. Our life experiences with names and faces have misled us about how our minds work." Remembering names gets harder with age, leading to many uncomfortable moments for middle-aged people when they run into acquaintances. But to study whether names are harder to recall than faces, the researchers, whose findings are published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, used a “fair test” where the participants were presented with strangers’ names and faces. 1.What can we know according to the research in Paragraph 3? A.It is certain that names are harder to recall than faces. B.Remembering names is more easily than remembering faces.

2016年高考广东英语高考真题

2016英语试题 Ⅰ. 语言知识及应用(共两节。满分45分) 第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Robby was 11 years old when his mother dropped him off for his first piano lesson. I 1 that students begin at an earlier age, which I explained to Robby, but Robby said that it had been his mother’s 2 to hear him play the piano. So I took him as a student. Hard as Robby tried, he 3 the basic sense of music. However, he persisted, and at the end of each weekly 4 , he always said, “ My mom’s going to hear me play some day.” But it seemed 5 . He just did not have any inborn (天生的) ability. I only knew his mother from a distance as she 6 Robby off or waited in her old car to pick him up. She always 7 and smiled but never visited my class. Then one day Robby stopped coming to our lessons. He telephoned me and said his mother was 8 . Several weeks later I was preparing my students for the upcoming recital (独奏会) when Robby came and asked me if he could be in the recital. “Miss Hondorf… I’ve just got to9 !” he insisted. The night for the recital came. The high school gymnasium was packed with parents, friends and relatives. The recital went off well. 10 Robby came up on stage. I was 11 when he announced that he had chosen Mozart’s Concerto (协奏曲) No. 21 in C Major. I was not prepared for what I heard next. His fingers were light on the keys. He played so 12 that everyone rose to applaud him. In tears I ran up on 13 . “Oh! Robby! How did you do it?” “Well, Miss Hondorf… I kept on practicing at home. Remember I told you my mom was sick? Well, 14 she had cancer and passed away this morning. And well…she was born deaf, so tonight was the15 time she ever heard me play…” 1. A. prefer B. imagine C. suppose D. wish 2. A. plan B. belief C. need D. dream 3. A. held B. lacked C. hid D. showed 4. A. seminar B. lesson C. test D. show 5. A. meaningless B. senseless C. useless D. hopeless 6. A. put B. saw C. dropped D. sent 7. A. waved B. waited C. jumped D. left

(英语)高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

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