2015年全国职称英语理工类(A级)考试真题及答案
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. I will not?tolerate?that sort of behavior in my class.
A. control
B. observe
C. regulate
D. Accept
【答案】D
2. She showed a natural?aptitude?for the work.
A. sense
B. talent
C. flavor
D. Taste
【答案】B
【解析】aptitude 天赋
have a aptitude for=have a gift /talent for
3. Most people find?rejection?hard to accept.
A. excuse
B. client
C. refusal
D. Destiny
【答案】C
4. The organization was?bold?enough to face the press.
A. pleased
B. powerful
C. brave
D. Sensible
【答案】C
5. They were locked in?mortal?combat.
A. deadly
B. open
C. actual
D. Active
【答案】A
【解析】A.deadly 致死的;
B.open打开的;
C.actual实在的;
D.Active积极的。
mortal致命的、致死的;immortal 不朽的
题干：他们被锁起来进行致命的战争。
6. We were attracted by the?lure?of quick money.
A. amount
B. supply
C. tempt
D. Sum
【答案】C
7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less?transparent.
A. clear
B. necessary
C. special
D. Correct
【答案】A
【解析】A.clear清楚的;
C.special特殊的;
D.Correct正确的
transparent 明显的、显然的
题干：这些过程被认为是复杂的且没有那么清楚的。
8. The Stock Exchange is in?turmoil?following a huge wave of selling.
A. Service
B. danger
C. disorder
D. threat
【答案】C
【解析】stock exchange证券交易所
in turmoil处于混乱中
题干：证券交易所在一次大的抛售后处于混乱。
9. He believes that Europe must change or it will?perish.
A. survive
B. last
C. die
D. Move
【答案】C
【解析】perish 死亡，枯萎
题干：他认为欧洲必须改变否则它就会死亡。
A.survive幸存;
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12686788.html,st持续;
C.die死亡;
D.Move移动。
10. There was a?simultaneous?trial taking place in the next build.
A. fair
B. full C .coexisting D. Public
【答案】C
11. They promote?assimilation?of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.
A. policy
B. value C .equality D. Integration
【答案】D
【解析】assimilate同化、吸收
---assimilation
题干：他们宣传民族同化，吸收进主流文化。
A.policy政策;
B.value价值;
C.equality同等;
D.Integration组合。
12. A salesman?s?cardinal?rule is to satisfy customers.
A. principal
B. official
C. simple
D. Legal
【答案】A
【解析】cardinal 主要的
cardinal rule 主要问题、基本原则
题干：销售人员的主要职责就是满足顾客。
B.official官方的;
C.simple简单的;
D.Legal合法的。
13. I must?compliment?you on your handling of a very difficult situation
A. silence
B. praise C .assure D. Complain
【答案】B
【解析】compliment 赞扬，称赞
compliment sb on sth
题干：我必须称赞你，在一个非常困难的情况下处理好事情。
注意与complemen补充，区分开。
A.Silence安静;
B.praise赞扬;
C.assure确信;
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12686788.html,plain抱怨
14. We lived for years in a?perpetual?state of fear
A. emotional
B. nervous
C. terrible
D. Continuous
【答案】D
【解析】perpetual 永久的不断的
题干：我们常年一直处于害怕的状态。
A.emotional情感的;
B.nervous紧张的;
C.terrible可怕的;
D.Continuous持续的、不断的。
15. The starving children were a?pathetic?sight.
A. common
B. unexpected
C. unforgettable
D. Pitiful
【答案】D
【解析】pathetic可怜的
sympathetic 同情的
sympathy
题干：这些挨饿的孩子真是很可怜。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12686788.html,mon普遍的;
B.unexpected意想不到的;
C.unforgettable难以忘记的;
D.Pitiful 可怜的。
第2部分阅读判断
Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth
Scientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth’s surface. Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago —but what about thebillion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen?
Well,it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.
Ina study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion”period wereonly 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’thave supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancementswere poised to occur.
“There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,”said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with ChristopherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We?re providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to pote ntiallyprevent the rise of animals.”
Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium isfound in the Earth’s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.
Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near theshore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.
Oxygen’srole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.“We were missing the right approach until now,”Planavsky said. “Chromium gaveus the proxy.”Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today’sconditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.
Inthe new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highlydynamic”in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes.However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surfa ce Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.
“If we are right, ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,”saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be agame changer.”
Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundation’s Earth-Life Transitions program, awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard, and Lyons.
Theother members of the research team included Xiangli Wang, a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson, of the University of Illinois; Danielle Thomson, ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick, of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer, of the California Institute of Technology.
16.The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoicperiod.
A.Right?
B. Wrong?
C. Not mentioned
17.Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.
A. Right?
B. Wrong
C.Not mentioned
18. The teamwas funded by several research institutes.
A.Right
B. Wrong?
C. Not mentioned
19. Geneticadvancements triggered the rise of animals.
A.Right?
B. Wrong?
C. Not mentioned
20. Thesamples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.
A. Right?
B. Wrong
C.Not mentioned
21. Thestudy revealed that chromium found in Earth’s continental crust remained stablebefore and after the rise of animals.
A.Right?
B. Wrong?
C. Not mentioned
22. TimLyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.
A.Right
B. Wrong?
C. Not mentioned
第3部分概括大意与完成句子
FirstImage-recognition Software
1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial 1 ,software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far gre jthan ever before.
2.The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to , Ishows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则)or ,ma9e I recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough toimprove large seaie , document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素)data in images and potentia y video —rather than just text —to locatedocuments. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase bystudying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledgegleaned (收集) from those results can then beapplied to other photos without tags or captions making for more accuratedocument search results.
3."Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani,a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection ofmostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia dataset,where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or videos. When a personlooks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popularsearch engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained inthe photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the documentretrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systemsare accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the informationcontained in image pixels to improve document search."
4.The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitlyprogrammed —that extracts semantic (语义的) information from thepixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich thedescription of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. Theresearchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retheval searchengine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additionalsemantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Webpages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision overthe original search engine purely based on text.
23. Paragraph 1 __B__
24. Paragraph 2 __C__
25. Paragraph 3 __E__
26. Paragraph 4 __D__
A.Popularity of the new system
B.Publication of the new discovery
C.Function of the new system
D.Artificial intelligence software created
E.Problems of the existing search engines
F.Improvement in document retrieval
27. The new system does documentretrieval by __C__.
28. The new system is expected toimprove precision in __B__.
29. When performing documentretrieval the existing search engines ignore __A__
30. The new system was found moreeffective in document search than the __E__
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12686788.html,rmation in images
B.current popular search engines
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12686788.html,ing photos
D.machine vision systems
E.document search
F.description of the HTML page
第4部分阅读理解
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat,More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn?ta very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, anassociate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen?s University, Canada.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light—pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,”Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film siliconin a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell?s electrical ef ficiency by over 10 percent.
31. PVTs are not efficient in
A. creating electricity.
B. cooling silicon solar cells.
C. generating heat.
D. powering solar thermal collectors.
32. One of the problems PVTs have is that
A. their thermala pplications are costly.
B. they are too expensive to afford.
C. it is hard to fix them on the roof.
D. they occupy too much space.
33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?
A. They are flexible.
B. They are less expensive.
C. They are electrically efficient.
D. They are environment friendly.
34. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market because
A. they do not work well if exposed to light.
B. their advantages are not well-recognized.
C. they need improving in appearance.
D. they are not advertised.
35 Which of the following statements is true?
A. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.
B Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.
C Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.
D Anew material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.
译文：
第十三篇更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光
太阳能光伏热能系统，也叫PVT，能够生成热量和电能。与太阳热能单机收集器相比，传统太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率不是很高。原因是，为了使晶体硅太阳能电池冷却，该系统在低温下工作。因此，硅体能产出更多的电能，却不能有效地产生热量。
第一，经济问题。好的太阳能热水系统比太阳能电力系统收集的能量更多，而且成本低得多。第二，空间问题。光电管占去屋顶的所有的空间，几乎没有空间留给热能的产出。
在一项研究中，材料科学与工程副教授Joshua Pearce找到了一个解决方案：用另外一种硅制成PVT来解决效能问题。他的合作者有：来自加利福尼亚ThinSilicon的Kunal Girotra 和加拿大皇后大学的Michael Pathak和Stephen Harrison。
大部分太阳能电池板是由晶体硅制成，但是，你也可以用非晶硅制成太阳能电池，这种非晶体硅通常被叫作薄膜硅。它们不能产生那么多的电能，但是更亮、更灵巧、成本更低。而且，由于它们需要的硅较少，它们更环保。不幸的是，薄膜硅太阳能电池易受SWE效应攻击(在光的照射下，非晶硅氢的导电性短时间内显著衰退，这种特性被称为SWE效应)。
“当被暴露在光线下，那就意味着它们的能效会降低——这几乎是太阳能电池最可能糟糕的效应。”Pearce解释道。这就是薄型太阳能板只占有一少部分市场的原因。
然而，Pearce和他的团队把薄膜硅合成为一种新型的PVT，可以克服或绕过SWE效应。这种方法可以不用冷却薄膜硅而让它们产生效能。事实上，Pearce团队发现，通过把薄膜硅加热到太阳热能操作温度，即临近水的沸点，可以把它制成较厚的电池，从而可以遏制SWE 效应。当把薄膜硅直接应用到太阳热能集热器时，他们也发现，如果一天把太阳能电池加热
一次，那么太阳能的电力效能会增加10%。
第二篇What’s killing the Bats
First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.
One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know If the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.
Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can’t eat enough food, they starve to death.
Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠)bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.
Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat While bats live a long time for their size 一the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years 一a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.
How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.
36. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. All species of bats in North America are dying.
B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats
C. The bat deaths are a serious problem.
D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.
【答案】D
【解析】文章的题目是“是什么杀死了蝙蝠”。第一段引入了蝙蝠离奇的死亡，第二，三，四段都是写了蝙蝠死亡的可能的几个原因，第五段写了蝙蝠死亡带来的结果，最后一段是告诉人们如何帮助蝙蝠。所以选择的是D。
做这类题型一定注意正确的细节选项。
A.北美所有的蝙蝠种类都在死亡。
B.科学家已经知道了蝙蝠死亡的原因。
C.蝙蝠的死亡是一个严重的问题。
D.蝙蝠死亡有很多可能的原因。
37. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Bees have been dying mysteriously.
B. The first article on the website is about bees.
C. Bees usually die before bats.
D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.
【答案】A
【解析】First it was bees. Now it is bats. 之前是蜜蜂，现在是蝙蝠。
后面说了蝙蝠死亡，说明蜜蜂之前也是离奇死亡。选择A 。
A.蜜蜂离奇死亡。
B.这个网站上的第一篇文章是关于蜜蜂。
C.蜜蜂通常在蝙蝠之前死亡。
D.蜜蜂导致了蝙蝠的死亡。
38. The word “pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers to
A. a kind of fungus.
B. an area in the U.S.
C. a special cave.
D. a kind of bat.
【答案】D
【解析】Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected.大多数受影响的蝙蝠是常见的小的棕色的蝙蝠，但是也有其他种类的蝙蝠受影响，比如长耳朵蝙蝠，小脚蝙蝠，东方pipistrelle以及印度蝙蝠。
与其他的并列说明，答案选择D。
A.真菌的一种。
B.美国的一个地区。
C.一个特殊的洞穴。
D.蝙蝠的一种。
39. The "moths" in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of
A. diseases that kill bats.
B. Insects that bats eat.
C. animals that have diseases.
D. bat species that are starving to death.
【答案】B
【解析】Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths(蛾)另一种可能的原因是缺少食物，比如说，蝙蝠通常吃大量的moths。说明选择B 。
A.杀死蝙蝠的疾病。
B.蝙蝠吃的昆虫。
C.有疾病的动物。
D.正在挨饿而死的蝙蝠种类。
40. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To get people to stop killing bats.
B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife Department.
C. To ask people not to touch dead bats.
D. To tell the public how to help bats.
【答案】D
【解析】How can you help? 从第一句就可以得知，这一段是告诉人们如何来帮助蝙蝠，后面都是具体详细的做法。
A.让人们停止杀害蝙蝠。
B.这个部门招人。
C.叫人们不要接触死了的蝙蝠。
D.告诉人们如何帮助蝙蝠
第三篇Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light
Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar ce lls, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn?t a very efficient way to gather heat.
That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.
In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen?s University, Canada.
Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.
“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light —pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,”Pearce explains，which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.
However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.
41. PVTs are not efficient in
A. creating electricity.
B. cooling silicon solar cells.
C. generating heat.
D. powering solar thermal collectors.
【答案】C
42. One of the problems PVTs have is that
A. their thermal applications are costly.
B. they are too expensive to afford.
C. they occupy too much space.
D. it is hard to fix them on the roof.
【答案】C
43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?
A. They are electrically efficient.
B. They are less expensive.
C. They are flexible.
D. They are environment friendly.
【答案】A
44. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market because
A. their advantages are not well-recognized.
B. they do not work well if exposed to light.
C. they need improving in appearance.
D. they are not advertised.
【答案】B
45 Which of the following statements is true?
A. Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.
B. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.
C. Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.
D. A new material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.
【答案】B
第5部分补全短文
Gorillas have a word for it
Kokois the first gorilla to have been taught sign language (a way of communicatingby using hands and fingers rather than speech). With a vocabulary of more than1000 words, she is the first to prove we share a world with other intelligentbeings who feel emotions, look forward to celebrations and also have a sense ofhumour.
The30-year study of Koko has redefined science's concept of gorilla intelligence.According to some scientists, genetically there is only a 2% difference betweengorillas and humans: we share the same blood type, have the same number ofhairs per square inch and also the same temperament.?But what had not beenrecognised by the scientific community was that gorillas have the ability tolearn a language and have complex emotions.
Kokolives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America, in a wooded spotoverlooking a valley.?She has her own home, with curtains, and a nest ofblankets, which is her bed, in one corner.?She has a barrel on which she likesto sit when 'talking' to humans - gorillas feel more secure when they can lookdown on others - while her toys are spread everywhere. In addition she has anoutside enclosure where she spends her days when it is not raining.
Itis her conversations with her teacher, Dr Penny Patterson, that are inspiring.Penny explains: ‘The reality of my discovery is that our abilities as humans,our skills, sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the great apes.?Whatwe have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we ever imagined.'
Whenshe began teaching Koko sign language, placing the little fingers of theone-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for 'drink', 'eat', 'more', andrewarding her with food, Dr Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn.“At first, it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to get something,”says Patterson. 'It became the kind of reward system that you could expect of acat or a dog. But early in her training, she began to combine signs that mademe think she was capable of more.??Now Koko is so proficient in sign languagethat if she doesn't know a word she invents one.?For example, she didn't knowthe word for 'ring', so she combined the signs for …finger? and 'bracelet' toexpress it.
DrPatterson continues: ‘Koko loves babies and young people. And when she is askedwhat gorillas like best, she always says "Gorilla love eat, good’’.' Oneof Patterson's favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour.?When avisitor asked her to show him something scary, she held up a mirror to his face!
WhenPatterson asked her what she would like for her 11th birthday, Koko signed thatshe wanted a cat. The story of Koko’s cat enabled Patterson to learn more abouther student: the cat was hit by a car and Patterson had to break the news toKoko, who signed 'cry, sad, frown'. Then, once alone, Patterson heard Koko makethe gorilla's distress call: a loud series of hoots.
Fromthe age of three, Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who was intendedas a
mate. However,
Michaeldied suddenly two years ago of a heart attack. ‘Koko went into a depressionfollowing Michael's death,’says Patterson. ‘She would sit for hours with herhead hung low looking upset.'
DrPatterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii, wherePatterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge. Koko signed ‘Yes',provided she could have curtains in her new home!
第6部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Robotic Highway Cones
A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.
For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. And they can return to the original place at the end of the day. “It just seems like a very good application for robots.”Farri tor said. “The robotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,” Farritor said in a report on his creation.
Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant. The fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.
The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. “It would look exactly the same,”Farritor said. “Normally there’s a kind of rubbery, black base to them. We replace that with a robot.”
Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they might need.
The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. “That way you don’t have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation ,” Farritor said.
While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next. He is thinking about starting a small business. He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may benefit from them.
51. A. work B place C. order D. action
【解析】对应前面说可以move out of the way让路、移开，所以后面应该是移动进去这个地方。
选择B move into place
52. A. block B cut C. set D. turn
【解析】For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to (52)_____ off the lane at that time. 前面说如果workes 在六点，那么这些锥体可以
从高速道路的一边移过来封闭那段时间的道路。
A.封闭道路;
B.切断;
C.出发;
D.关闭。
53. A. clean B. important C. entire D. original
【解析】前面说移过来挡住道路，一天结束后就可以移回原来的位置。
A.干净的;
B.重要的;
C.完整的;
D.原来的。
54. A. employ B. observe C. remove D. instruct
【解析】The robotic cones would also help (54)_____ people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,”
从hazardous 一词能够看出来，将人们从危险的工作中移出来。
A.雇佣;
B.观察;
C.移开;
D.指导。
55. A. idea B. report C. demand D. fund
【解析】using a National Academy of Sciences grant. The (55) _____allowed Farritor to work on the project ..前面说有grant资金，后面这个资金能够使得他们从事这个项目。
A.想法;
B.报告;
C.要求;
D.资金赞助。
56. A. helpful B. beautiful C. small D. huge
【解析】enough not to greatly change the appearance of the constuction aides ..后面是说不影响这个外观，证明这个机器人必须是足够的小。
57. A. Kindly B. Normally C. Greatly D. Strangely
【解析】“(57)_____ there’s a kind of rubbery, black base to them. We replace that (58) _____a robot.”通常如果有橡皮，沥青的话，我们就会用机器人去取代他，所以选择B。
A.亲切地;
B.正常地，通常地;
C.巨大地;
D.奇怪地。
58. A. at B. on C. in D. with
【解析】代替，replace ....with ...
59. A. related B. typical C. useful D. visible
【解析】前面是说道路上是可以使用这个机器人的，所以应该是跟道路部门说他的有用性。
选择C。
A.有关的;
B.典型的;
C.有用的;
D.能看见的。
60. A. why B. where C. when D. what
【解析】The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, (60)_____ now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation (61)_____.
机器人能够派上用场，跟着一个行驶缓慢的维护设备，比如说在马路上刷斑马线或者移除沥青，在这些地方barrel桶就必须捡起来然后跟着这个设备前进。
61. A. proceeds B. functions . finishes D. Improves
【解析】A .前进;
B.运作;
C.结束;
D.提高，提升。
62. A. If B. While C. Since D. Because
【解析】(62)_____ prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. 虽然这个模范被制作出来，但是还没有使用。
63. A. applied B. asked C. called D. argued
【解析】Farritor said he has (63) _____for a pattent .申请专利。
64. A. saving B .marketing C. moving D. devising
【解析】He is thinking about starting a small business. He is also thinking about (64)_____ the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may (65) _____from them.
从business得知，他是想把这个机器人商业化、市场化，介绍给这些能够机器人获益的部门。
65. A. benefit B. protect C. learn D. inspire
【解析】benefit from从中受益。
2014年全国职称英语理工类(A级)考试真题及答案
第1部分词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。
1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.
A. modest
B. commercial
C. huge
D. national
2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.
A. amazing
B. depressing
C. predictable
D. dull
3.A person’s wealthis oft en in inverse proportion to their happiness.
A. equal
B. certain
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d12686788.html,rge
D. opposite
4. His professional career spanned 16 years.
A. started
B. changed
C. lasted
D. moved
5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.
A. eased
B. improved
C.relieved
D. appeared
6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.
A. limit
B. support
C.regulate
D. oppose
7. She felt that she had done her good deedfor the day.
A. act
B. homework
C. justice
D. model
8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.
A. motionless
B. silent
C. seated
D. true
9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less importantsubject.
A. point
B. result
C.finding
D. tendency
10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.
A. sincere
B. respectful
C. empty
D. terrible
11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.
A. copy
B. publish
C.summarize
D. furnish
12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd.
A. serious
B. beautiful
C. impressive
D. ridiculous
13. The department deferred the decision for six months.
A. put off
B. arrived at
C. abided by
D. protested against
14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated .
A. invented
B. reproduced
C. designed
D. reported
15. The country was torn apart by strife.
A. conflict
B. poverty
C. war
D. economy
第2部分阅读判断
下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提到的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
Experience the World in 3D Game
Ever wondered how your cat or dog sees theworld? Now you can look through their eyes with the first 3D game thatrecreates the vision of different species based on scientific evidence.
The online simulation, created by the French3D design company Dassault Systèmes, with the guidanceof veterinary ophthalmologist (眼科专家)DidierSchmidt-Morand, mimics (模仿)the vision of five animals – cats dogs, rats, hawks and bees – as aplayer steers them through Place Vend洀攀 in Paris.
Due to differences in field of view, colourperception and night vision, for example, sight can be drastically differentfrom species to species. "In terms of performance, eyes are as variable asdifferent models of cars," says Schmidt-Morand.
The game was created by using existingvirtual models of the square then applying effects based on descriptions ofeach animal's vision. Dassault's 3D software allows a scene to be modified byadding blur or changing the colours, angle of vision and depth of field.
Although it was easy to recreate visioninferior to that of humans – cats and dogs, forexample, have trouble distinguishing shades of red –replicating features that we are unable to see was a challenge. Hawks have moredetailed vision than ours, whereas dogs are better at seeing movement and havea wider field of view. "We used virtual cameras to precisely simulatelarger viewing angles but the result made people nauseous(令人作呕的)," says Schmidt-Morand. "So we tweaked(微调) the model to give a sense of the wider view without sticking toreality."
The rat's view also departs from reality:because they are near-sighted, everything more than 15 centimetres away is ablur, so they typically move close to walls to help them navigate. "A ratwould never throw itself into the middle of an open area," saysSchmidt-Morand. The simulation for this animal is supplemented with a map inthe top right corner to help determine the rat's position: because of theirlimited eyesight, most landmarks are obscured.
The game is intended as an educationalresource and players can discuss their experience with others through communityfeatures on the website. If there is interest from schools and zoos, the teamhopes to recreate the vision of more animals.
16. The game developed by Dassault Systemesis the first 3D game recreating the vision of different species .
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17.Dassault’s3Dsoftware takes different perspectives like color perception and angle of visioninto account .
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18.The animals’viewsin the software are the same as those in reality .
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. Dogs have larger viewing angles thanhumans .
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Notmentioned
20.It takes the team the longest time torecreate the rat’s view because they’re near-sighted .
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21.The team is working on recreating thevision of more animals .
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22.Schmidt-Morand’sfavorite animal is cat .
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第3部分概括大意与完成句子
23. Paragraph 2 ___________
24. Paragraph 3 ___________
25. Paragraph 4 ___________
26. Paragraph 5 ___________
A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels
C. Fast feedbacks
D. Slow feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of feedback processes
F.A prediction of future climate change
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fastin ___________.
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlightto reach ___________.
29. Zeebe came up with his future climateprediction by analyzing ___________.
30.After fossil fuels are used up, globalwarming will continue for ___________.
A. the exposed ground
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D. recorded history
E. previously published studies
F. rapid exaggeration of impacts
第4部分，阅读理解
第一篇The Northern Lights
The sun is stormy and has it own kind ofweather. It is so hot and active that even the Sun’sgravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check! Energy flows away from the Suntoward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speedsaround a million miles per hour. These particles are called plasma, and thestream of plasma coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more activethe Sun, the stronger the solar wind.
The solar wind constantly streams toward theEarth, but don’t worry because a protective magneticfields surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compasspoint north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and southpoles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth.When a large blast of solar wind crashes i nto the Earth’s magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic fieldlines break and reconnect.
The breaking and reconnecting of the magneticfield lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts tofall into the Earth’s atmosphere at the poles. As theelectrons fall into the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in theatmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky.
Each atmospheric gas glows a different color.Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. Asthese various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the NorthernLights and the Southern Lights.
Watching auroras(北极光)is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far northlike Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across
the sky is usuallyslow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate(跳动), flicker(闪烁), or even move like waves.During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!Aurorasoften seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formedor airplanes can fly. A typical aurora band can be thousands of kilometerslong, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.
We hope you are able to travel to far-northplaces like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once duringyour lifetime. We know you will never forget it!
36. The solar wind comes into being as aresult of______
A. disappearance of the Sun’s gravity.
B. unpredictable weather of the Sun.
C. fast flow of energy away from the Sun.
D. a stream of particles being blown away.
37. What happens when solar wind comes to theEarth?
A. A protective magnetic field is formed atthe same time.
B. It is trapped in magnetic belts around theEarth.
C. It destroys the protective magnetic fieldsurrounding the Earth.
D. It breaks magnetic field lines and doessevere damage to the ???
38. The Northern Lights are createdwhen______
A. atomic particles fall to the Earth and collidewith atmospheric gases.
B. the magnetic field lines fail toreconnect.
C. the electrons falling to the Earth shinein different colors.
D. oxygen and nitrogen are separated from theatmospheric gases.
39. Which of the following statements is trueof the Northern Lights?
A. Their movement is slow enough to be observedwith the eyes.
B. People cannot see them unless traveling toAlaska or Canada
C. They are very close to the ground.
D. They are very long and thick.
40. What is the author’s tone toward the Northern Lights?
A. Indifferent
B. Sarcastic
C. Sharp
D. Appreciative
第二篇Eye-tracker Lots You Drag and Drop Files with a Glance
Bored of using a mouse? Soon you'll be ableto change stuff on your computer screen –and then moveit directly onto your smartphone or tablet(平板电脑) –with nothing more than a glance.
A system called EyeDrop uses a head-mountedeye tracker that simultaneously records your field of view so it knows whereyou are looking on the screen. Gazing at an object – aphoto, say – and then pressing a key, selects thatobject. It can then be moved from the screen to a tablet or smartphone just byglancing at the second device, as long as the two are connected wirelessly.
"The beauty of using gaze to supportthis is that our eyes naturally focus on content that we want to acquire,"says Jayson Turner, who developed the system with colleagues at LancasterUniversity, UK.
Turner believes EyeDrop would be useful totransfer an interactive map or contact information from a public display toyour smartphone or for sharing photos.
A button needs to be used to select theobject you are looking at otherwise you end up with the "Midastouch"(点石成金) effect, whereby everything you lookat gets selected by your gaze, says Turner. "Imagine if your mouse clickedon everything it pointed at," he says.
Christian Holz, a researcher inhuman-computer interaction at Yahoo Labs in Sunnyvale, California, says thesystem is a nice take on getting round this fundamental problem of usinggaze-tracking to interact. "EyeDrop solves this in a slick (灵巧的)way by combining it with input on the touch devices we carry withus most of the time anyway and using touch input as a clutchingmechanism," he says. "This now allows users to seamlessly(无缝地) interact across devices far and close in a very naturalmanner."
While current eye-trackers are rather bulky,mainstream consumer devices are not too far away. Swedish firm Tobii isdeveloping gaze-tracking technology that can be installed in laptops andtablets and is expected to be available to buy next year. And the Google Glassheadset is expected to include eye-tracking in the future.
Turner says he has also looked at how contentcan be cut and pasted or
drag-and-dropped using a mix of gaze and taps on atouchscreen. The system was presented at the Conference on Mobile andUbiquitous Multimedia in Sweden, last week.
41. The eye-tracker technology enables usto______
A. change our computer screen.
B. focus on anything that interests us.
C. get a smartphone connected wirelessly.
D. move an object from screen with a glance.
42. Why is a button needed?
A. To minimize the cost of EyeDrop.
B. To choose as many objects as possible.
C. To make EyeDrop different from others.
D. To select what we want.
43. The word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to_______
A. application of gaze-tracking inhuman-computer interaction.
B. interaction between human and computer.
C. combination of gaze-tracking with input ontouch devices.
D. generalization of EyeDrop system.
44. Which of the following statement is trueof eye-trackers for consumer devices.
A. They are costly.
B. They are available.
C. They are installed in Google Glassheadset.
D. They are expected to come out soon.
45. What is Turner likely to study next?
A. How to drag and drop with gaze and taps.
B. How to present the system in public.
C. How to get touch screen involved.
D. How to cut and paste content from a publicdisplay.
第三篇
A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer
Post-menopausal(绝经后)womenwho walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a study has suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.
A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published inCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers&Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group.
They were asked to complete questionnaires ontheir health and on how much time they were active and participating inactivities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)andhow much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completedthe same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational acivity. Those who walkedfor at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancercompared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week.
Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at theAmerican Cancer Society in
A tlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promotingwalking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy forincreasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased tofind that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a daywas associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activitieslowered the risk even more.”
Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief e xecutive ofBreast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds furtherevidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk ofbreast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal
day-to-dayactivity can make a difference.”
She added:”We knowthat the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop itoccurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these
findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent br east cancer.”