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广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 非谓语动词02

广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 非谓语动词02
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 非谓语动词02

非谓语动词精讲精炼02

【考点诠释】

考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别

英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对

句子成分划分不清,把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病,

关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如:

1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.

根据句子结构,我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是The children,谓语部分是will go

考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析

作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析,即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是

过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语;现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语,两者不同

之处在于:现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,它们之间的关系是主动关系,而过去分词作状语时,虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子

的主语,但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看

下面例题:

1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.

A) To get B) To have got

C) Getting D) Have got

一般来说,在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此,首先可

以确定这是一个简单句,非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语get tired of 与其逻辑主语Julia之间的主动关系,以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生,没有明显的先后顺序,可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了Tom只说不做的工作态度”,故正确答案为C。

考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨

非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语,但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么,两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系,特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道,当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候,一般来说,它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,那么,当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时,又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题:

1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.

2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.

这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语,而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语,

请再看下面例题:

3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.

4. The problem (discuss) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.

同样,这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性,可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和being discussed(正在进行)。

考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握

非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语,但它仍然具有动词的特征,即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下,如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行);如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如:

____ that Bob had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.

A) Heard B) Having heard

C) Hear D) To hear

依据非谓语动词hear与其逻辑主语his friends之间的主动关系,以及前后句的逻辑关系,可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语,再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前,由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用),意为“听说Bob 已得到提升,他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺”,故正确答案为B。

考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变

非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变,习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首,作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题:

1. It is an honour for me (be) _____ your English teacher.

2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.

六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断

非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况,这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性,即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说,用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中,如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中,就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作,如果是被动行为,就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。例如:

1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.

依据cry与它的逻辑主语The boy之间的主动关系和cry的动作正在进行,所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy,因而正确答案为crying。

2016高考模拟试题精讲精炼

1.Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.

A.speaking B.having spoken C.to speak D.to have spoken 【答案】C

【考点】非谓语动词。

【解析】不定式表目的,又因D选项时态错误,故选C。

2.John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him

it.

A.offered B.offering C.to offer D.to be offered 【答案】B

【考点】非谓语动词

【解析】此处offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter,根据句意,两者语态为主动关系,且表伴随,故选B。

3. The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being started

C. to start

D. to be started

【答案】A

【考点】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】根据last night可知start已经发生,故排除C、D(不定式常表将来),B(being done)一般表进行,也排除。非谓语动词的主动语态和被动语态现在分词作定语

4. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.

A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use

【答案】B

【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】因为本句已有谓语动词is,且没有连词或引导词,故排除谓语形式D;而time与use 为被动关系,所以选B。谓语与非谓语动词过去分词作条件状语或时间状语表被动

5. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done

B. do

C. to be done

D. to do

【答案】C

【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】因为work与do为被动关系,而need后表被动用-ing的主动形式表被动含义,或用不定式的被动形式,故选C。谓语与非谓语动词不定式的被动语态作宾语短语need to be done。

6. Before you quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.

A. consider

B. considering

C. to consider

D. considered

【答案】A

【考点】祈使句用法

【解析】结合选项来分析句子结构,逗号前为时间状语从句,后面实际上是一个祈使句。由

此可知,A选项符合题意。因此,正确答案为A选项。

7. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the m eeting will

in the future of our company.

A. to be made

B. being made

C. made

D. having been made

【答案】 A

【考点】非谓语动词

【解析】分析句子结构可知,空白处为后置定语,与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系,而

且是将要发生的动作。由此可知,表示被动和将来的A选项符合题意。B表示被动进行,C表

示被动完成,D表示被动完成,但是不作定语。因此,正确答案为A选项。

8.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

A. Having been asked

B. To ask

C. Having asked

D. To be asked

【答案】A

【考点】非谓语动词用法

【解析】逗号前为原因状语,空白处与句子的主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,由此可排除表示主

动关系的B和C选项,D选项常作目的和结果状语,不作原因状语,也可排除,而A选项为现

在分词完成式的被动形式,可作时间状语、原因状语、结果状语、伴随状语等。因此,正确

答案为A选项。

9. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

A. operating

B. to be operating

C. operated

D. to operate

【答案】D

【考点】非谓语动词

【解析】在句型“主语+be+adj+to do”中,如果这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语,故用主动

表被动,所以选D。

10. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

【答案】B

【考点】非谓语动词

【解析】with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式、名词等作宾补,这儿pet dog

与follow构成主谓关系,所以用following.

11. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.

A. finding

B. to find

C. being found

D. to have found

【答案】 B

【考点】本题考查非谓语动词。

【解析】句意为:汤姆乘的士赶到机场,结果只发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接动词不定式to do表示意想不到的结果。故选B。

12. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind

B. wind

C. winding

D. wound

【答案】 C

【考点】本题考查非谓语动词。

【解析】此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语。winding its way与宾语snake之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行,故选C。

13.. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.

A. washed

B. wash

C. washing

D. to wash

【答案】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。

【考点】考查过去分词作宾语补足语。

【解析】此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系,构成短语:get sth. done。故答案选A。句意为:在驱车进城之前,你必须将你的车洗了。

14..I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won’t make ______ difference to me.

A. that a big

B. a that big

C. big a that

D. that big a 【答案】 D

【考点】本题考查副词用法。

【解析】副词that表示“那么…”修饰形容词的固定短语为:that + adj. (+ a/ an + n.),相当于so及how的用法,即that(so/ how) big a difference —那么(如此/多么)大的一个分别(影响)。故选D。

15.________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .

A. Standing

B. To stand

C. Stood

D. Stand

【答案】A

【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】非谓语动词短语后有逗号,说明非谓语动词做题干的状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语we,非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系,且其动作与谓语动词wait的动作同时进行,用动词v-ing的一般式,选A。

16.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.

A. meets

B. meeting

C. meet

D. to meet

【答案】D

【考点】考查非谓语动词。

【解析】所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth,故选D。

17. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A. corrects

B. correct

C.to correct

D. correcting

【答案】 D

【考点】考查并列结构。

【解析】并列结构,making与correcting并列。

18. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

A. Use

B. Using

C. Used

D. To use

【答案】 C

【考点】非谓语动词考点。

【解析】此处tin和use是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

19. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.

A. to watch

B. watching

C. watched

D. to have watched

【答案】A

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】此处happy to watch anything that happened to be on作sat的目的状语。句意:那位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前,高兴地看要上演的任何节目。

20. Tony lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. hoped

D. having hoped

【答案】A

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

【解析】此处现在分词短语hoping that I’d do as much for him作伴随状语。句意:Tony 借给我了钱,希望我加倍还他。

21. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.

A. to stay

B. staying

C. stayed

D. stay

【答案】A

【考点】非谓语考点,目的状语用不定式。

22.He got up late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.【C】

A. left

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. having left

23. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music

and painting.

A. having compared to

B. comparing to

C. compare to

D. compared to

【答案】D

【解析】此处是被省略的时间状语从句,其相当于:when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting. 这里film和compare之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。又因为主语一致,所以film被省略。句意:电影的历史短的多,尤其是当它和像音乐和绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

24. The party will be held in the garden, weather .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

【答案】A

【解析】此处主句的主语party 和weather不一致,所以weather保留,作permitting的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构。另外,weather与permit之间是主动关系,故用现在分词。

句意:如果天气允许,聚会将在花园举行。

【考点】考查现在分词的独立主格结构。

25. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope

________.

A. providing

B. provided

C. having provided

D. provide

【答案】B

【解析】此处动词provide与其逻辑主语envelope之间是被动关系,在句中作定语,相当于which is provided。句意为:完成并签名后,请把表格放入我们提供的信封内送回。

【考点】考查非谓语动词的用法。

名词 高考英语语法重点归纳

一、名词 【知识精讲】 名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词。 一、名词的数 在熟悉可数名词单数变复数规则的基础上,突出以下几点: 1. 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词(多为学科名词),如: physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States 2. 抽象名词表示具体或特定的事例时也可作可数名词,单数前面应有不定冠词。如:(1) pleasure, surprise, help, success, failure, danger, difficulty, wonder等意为“...的人/ 物”。如:The meeting is a success. (2) worry, honor, disaster, rain, snow, fog, wind, gas, fire, crop, coffee, tea, food等不可数名词,指“一种”、“一场”及“多种”、“多场”时,可以有其单、复数形式。如:There have been strong winds over the last two months. (3) a need, a discovery, a love, a good time, a collection of, a knowledge of, a history of, a population of, an area of, an understanding of等已形成固定形式。如:He has a good practical

knowledge of computer science. 3. 表示一类事物的总称的名词,不能加-s ,如: machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence 4. 一些名词单数和复数形式表达不同的意思,如: chicken鸡肉/ chickens小鸡; fish鱼肉/ fishes( fish )各种鱼; paper纸/ papers试卷; water水/ waters水域,room空间/ rooms房间 5. 只有复数形式的名词,如: glasses (眼镜),trousers, clothes,scissors等,注意加单位名词的用法:a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6. 一些名词形式上虽是单数,但表示的是复数含义,如: people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分词;(表示一类人) 7. 以复数形式出现,表达复数含义,如: belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops 8. 集合名词看成一个整体时,谓语用单数,若侧重各个成员,则用复数,如:audience,class,couple,crowd,family,group,government,public ●The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be. ●My family are going with me. 9. 单复数同形的名词,如: fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works, li(里), yuan (元), mu(亩)等 ●How many deer are there in Dafeng now?

高考英语语法知识点总结

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