专题限时集训(二十四)
A
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In many societies, there is often greater acceptance of light skin than dark skin. Light skin may be seen as a mark of beauty, intelligence and success. These beliefs can lead to social pressures even within the same racial or ethnic group, if some members are darker skinned than others.
The result is that skin lightening has become a common activity across Africa, Asia and other areas of the world. More and more people with dark skin are using skin－lightening products, even if it means they may face health risks. They believe that having whiter skin will improve their lives. Many people think they will have a better chance of getting a job or marrying into a better family. Or they want to look like what their society generally considers beautiful.
As a result, some beauty care products and soaps contain chemicals that make skin lighter. This process is also called bleaching (漂白). But some of the chemicals are extremely dangerous. One of the most dangerous is a chemical named hydroquinone.Hydroquinone has been forbidden in several countries. This chemical has been linked to health damage and some kinds of cancer. It also causes low birth weight in babies when mothers use it during pregnancy.
At first, bleaching products make the skin colour lighter. But after long－term use they can cause problems. They could even make some skin darker. The chemicals in the products block and break down the natural process that gives colour to skin. The skin loses its natural barrier to protect against sunlight. Then the skin can become thick and discoloured. Usually the person will use more of the product in an effort to correct the problem, but this only makes it worse.
Fatimata Ly, an expert who treats skin conditions in the Capital Hospital of South Africa, says skin bleaching has become a problem throughout South Africa. She says the chemicals are now more dangerous because they are stronger. Some cases have resulted in blackened fingernails, infections and permanent skin damage.And these are not the only risks. Skin experts say some
people who change their skin colour suffer emotional damage. They feel regret and sadness. They feel that instead of risking their health，they should have learned to love and accept their skin colour as it was.If these feelings caused by bleaching last long，they can't work well and live a normal life for the reason of low spirit.
4．harmful 5.Physical 6.darker7.protect
8．temporary9.regret10.negative
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B
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What happens when you take about 50 sixth－graders and send them to a nature camp with no access to computers, tablets and mobile phones?
A new study suggests that after just five days their ability to understand non－verbal social cues improves. Non－verbal social cues are the emotional information we pick up from people around us that is not communicated through words.
As children spend more time corresponding with their friends via text rather than talking to them face to face，the researcher wondered whether they were losing the ability to read these important cues.
“The idea for this study came from looking at the way my older child and her friends' older siblings were communicating，”said Yalda Uhls, “I've been at parties where the kids are all hanging out, but instead of looking at each other, they are staring at their phones.”
Uhls, who is the lead author of the study, wanted to see what would happen if a group of children had to spend an extended period of time communicating completely device－free. She found a public school that sends its sixth－grade class to a wilderness camp for five days. At the camp, the students have no access to electronics.
When the class of about 50 children arrived at the camp, they were immediately asked to take two tests to measure their ability to read non－verbal social cues. In the first test, the kids were asked to assess the emotions portrayed in 48 photos of people making faces. In the second test, they watched a video with the sound turned off, and then made a judgment about the emotional state of the actor.
At the end of the five－day camp, the students were asked to take the tests again. The researchers report that over the five days the kids went from making an average of 14.02 errors on the face－recognition test at the beginning of their camp stay to 9.41 errors by the end. For the video component, they went from getting an average of 26 percent of the emotional states correct to getting 31 percent correct.
“Honestly, we were pretty surprised that just five days would have that effect，”said Uhls. “But we think this is good news because if indeed lack of face－to－face time is changing people's ability to understand emotion, our results suggest you can disconnect for five days and get better.”
Uhls said the result of the study suggests that it is important for kids to spend time
away from screens. “The main thing I hope people take away from this is that it is really important for children to have time for face－to－face socializing，”said Uhls.“I love media, my kids are media－savvy, but it is really important to have a balance. ”
【答案】https://www.doczj.com/doc/d41133560.html,municating/corresponding
13．accessible14.Upon/On15.judge16.same
17．result/finding/discovery18.screens/electronics
19．conclusion/advice/suggestion/tip20.matters/counts
【导学号：57732065】