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超全修订初中英语知识点总结(语法,单词,短语,作文...)

超全修订初中英语知识点总结(语法,单词,短语,作文...)
超全修订初中英语知识点总结(语法,单词,短语,作文...)

初中英语知识点总结

页码:语法:P1-11 初中英语语法总结一览表:P12

短语:P13-21 单词:P22-43 年级总结及练习:P44-130

中考热点作文:P131-163 全面总结与练习:P164-700 一.名词

I. 名词的种类:

专有名词普通名词

国名.地名.人名,团体.机构名称可数名词不可数名词

个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词

II. 名词的数:

1. 规则名词的复数形式:

名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下:

规则例词

1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes

3 以-f或-fe结尾

的词

变-f和-fe为v再加-es

leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves,

wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs,

gulf-gulfs

4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities

5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有名词以y结尾

的,加-s

toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys

6 以辅音字母加-o

结尾的名词

一般加-es

hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes,

tomato-tomatoes

不少外来词加-s

piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos,

solo-solos

两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos

7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths, 2. 不规则名词复数:

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:

规则例词

1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2 单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,

3 只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff

5 部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复

数(成员)

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee,

government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6 复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

7 表示

“某国

人”

加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans 单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为

-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8 合成名

将主体名词变为复数

sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy

friends

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants

III. 名词的所有格:

名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。

1. ’s所有格的构成:

单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,

复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights,

以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house

表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father

表示"某人家""店铺",所有格后名词省略the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s

2. ’s所有格的用法:

1表示时间today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday

2 表示自然现象the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches

3 表示国家城市等地方的名词the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry

4 表示工作群体the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory

5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples

6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life’s time, the play’s plot

7 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措) 3. of所有格的用法:

用于无生命的东西:the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:the classrooms of the first-year students

用于名词化的词:the struggle of the oppressed

二.冠词

冠词分为不定冠词(a, an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。

I. 不定冠词的用法:

1 指一类人或事,相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.

2 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 A boy is waiting for you.

3 表示“每一”相当于every,one We study eight hours a day.

4 表示“相同”相当于the same We are nearly of an age.

5 用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类

似性质的人或事

A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.

6 用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such

之后

This room is rather a big one.

8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. II. 定冠词的用法:

1 表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.

2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?

4 用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar

5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded

6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs

7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.

8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.

10 在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s

11 用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.

12 用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.

III. 零冠词的用法:

1 专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等

限制

I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?

3 季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring

4 表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前Lincoln was made President of America.

5 学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.

6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land

7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.

三.代词:

I. 代词可以分为以下七大类:

1 人称

代词

主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

2 物主

代词

形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their

名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

3 反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

4 指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some

5 疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever

6 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as

7 不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either

II. 不定代词用法注意点:

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questions to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。

Would you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。

I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。

There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?

2. each和every:

each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary.

Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.

3. none和no:

no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。

There is no water in the bottle.

How much water is there in the bottle? None.

None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another:

1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如:

He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:

I don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.

Some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either

all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.

All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.

Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.

四.形容词和副词

I. 形容词:

1. 形容词的位置:

1) 形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:

1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定

代词时

nobody absent, everything possible

2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之

the best book available, the only solution

possible

3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake

4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long

5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful

6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with 2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:

代词数词性状形容词

冠词前的形容词冠词

指示代词

不定代词

代词所有格

序数

基数词

性质

状态

大小

长短

形状

新旧

温度

颜色

国籍

产地

材料

质地

all both such the

a

this

another

your

secon

d

next

one

four

beautifu

l

good

poor

large

short

square

new

cool

black

yellow

Chinese

London

silk

stone

3) 复合形容词的构成:

1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词world-famous

2 形容词+形容词dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词peace-loving

3 形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词snow-covered

4 副词+现在分词hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged

5 副词+过去分词newly-built 10 数词+名词twenty-year II. 副词

副词的分类:

1 时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once,

recently

5 频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never

2 地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards,

above

6 疑问副词how, where, when, why

3 方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly,

excitedly, really

7 连接副词

how, when, where, why, whether, however,

meanwhile

4 程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly,

quite, rather

8 关系副词when, where, why

III. 形容词和副词比较等级:

形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前

加more 和most。

1. 同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如:I am not so good a player as you are.

2. 可以修饰比较级的词有:much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。

3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型。如:The harder you work, the more progress you will make.

4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如:I have never spent a more worrying day.

5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.

6. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。

五.介词

I. 介词分类:

1 简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on

2 合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without

3 短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to

4 双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between

5 分词转化成的介词considering(就而论), including

6 形容词转化成的介词like, unlike, near, next, opposite

II. 常用介词区别:

1 表示时间的in, on, at at表示片刻的时间,in表示一段的时间,on总是与日子有关

2 表示时间的since, from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用,from指从时间的某一点开始

3 表示时间的in, after in指在一段时间之后,after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中

4 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外

5 表示“在…上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分

6 表示“穿过”的through,

across

through表示从内部通过,与in有关,across表示在表面上通过,与on有关

7 表示“关于”的about, on about指涉及到,on指专门论述

8 between与among的区别between表示在两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间

9 besides与except的区别besides指“除了…还有再加上”,except指“除了,减去什么”,不放在句首

10 表示“用”的in, with with表示具体的工具,in表示材料,方式,方法,度量,单位,语言,声音

11 as与like的区别as意为“作为,以…地位或身份”,like为“象…一样”,指情形相似

12 in与into区别in通常表示位置(静态),into表示动向,不表示目的地或位置

六.动词

I. 动词的时态:

1. 动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:

现在时过去时将来时过去将来时

一般ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask

进行am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked

完成进行have/has been

asking had been asking shall/will have been

asking

should/would have been asking

2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:

1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联系,强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之,利用过去,说明现在。如:

I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过,且了解这本书的内容)

2) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“过”,“了”等词。简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在。如:

I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住)

I lived in Beijing for ten years.(只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关)

3. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:

两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用现在完成时,如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。

I have read that book.我读过那本书了。

I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。

4. 一般将来时的表达方式:

将来时用法例句

1 will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten next year.

2 be going to+动词原形含有“打算,计划,即将”做某事,或表示很有可

能要发生某事

It’s going to clear up.

We’re going to have a party tonight.

3 be + doing 进行时表示

将来

go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用

进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作

He is moving to the south.

Are they leaving for Europe?

4 be about to + 动词原

表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作,后面一

般不跟时间状语

I was about to leave when the bell

rang.

The meeting is about to close.

5 be to + 动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见We’re to meet at the school gate at noon.

6 一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情,可用一般

现在时表示将来

The meeting starts at five o’clock.

The plane leaves at ten this evening.

II. 动词的被动语态:

常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成

1 一般现在时am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时was/were being asked

2 一般过去时was/were asked 7 现在完成时have/has been asked

3 一般将来时shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时had been asked

4 过去将来时should/would be asked 9 将来完成时will/would have been asked

5 现在进行时am/is/are being asked 10 含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked

注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如:

Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.

Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.

汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如:

It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that…

It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that…

It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that…

下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如:

The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.

The door won’t shut. / The play won’t act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.

下面词或短语没有被动态:

leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等

七.情态动词

I. 情态动词基本用法:

情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答

can 能力(体力,智力,技能)

允许或许可(口语中常用)

可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中)

can not / cannot /can’

t do

Can…do…?

Yes,…can.

No,…can’t.

could couldn’t do

may 可以(问句中表示请求)

可能,或许(表推测)

祝愿(用于倒装句中)may not do

May…do…? Yes,…may.

No,…mustn’t/can’t.

might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not.

must 必须,应该(表主观要求)

肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)

must not/mustn’t do

Must…do…? Yes,…must.

No,…needn’t/don’t have to.

have to 只好,不得不(客观的必须,有时态人称变

化)

don’t have to do

Do…have to do…?

Yes,…do. No,…don’t.

ought to 应当(表示义务责任,口语中多用should ought not to/oughtn’t

to do

Ought…to do…?

Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t.

shall 将要,会

用于一三人称征求对方意见

用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁

shall not/shan’t do

Shall…do…?

Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t.

should 应当,应该(表义务责任)

本该(含有责备意味)

should not/shouldn’t

do

Should…do…?

will 意愿,决心

请求,建议,用在问句中would比较委婉will not/won’t do Will…do…?

Yes,…will. No,…won’t.

would would not/wouldn’t do

dare 敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中)dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…?

Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t.

need 需要

必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中)

need not/needn’t do

Need…do…?

Yes,…must. No,…needn’t.

used to 过去常常(现在已不再)used not/usedn’t/usen’

t to do

didn’t use to do

Used…to do…?

Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t.

Did…use to do…?

Yes,…did. No,…didn’t.

II. 情态动词must, may, might, could, can表示推测:

以must为例。must + do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;must + be doing 推测可能正在进行的事情;must +have done是推测可能已经发生过的事情。

1. must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中。

He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.

2. may和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。

He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.

3. can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t语气强,用于肯定、否定、疑问句中。

The weather in that city could be cold now.

We could have walked there; it was so near.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生)

Can he be in the office now? No, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(语气很强,常用于疑问句和否定句中) III. 情态动词注意点:

1. can和be able to: 都可以表示能力。但be able to可以表达“某事终于成功”,而can无法表达此意。Be able to有更多的时态。另外,两者不能重叠使用。

2. used to和would: used to表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉及现在。

3. need和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别:

两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为:needn’t/daren’t do;Need/dare…do…?

做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。其形式为:need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, don’t(doesn’t/didn’t) need/dare to do

八.非谓语动词

I. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:

非谓语形式构成

特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构

不定式to do

to be doing

to have done

to be done

to have been done

在非谓语

前加not

for sb. to

do sth. 具有名词,副词和形容词的作用

在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语

分词现在分

doing

having done

being done

having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用

在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分

done

动名词doing

having done

being done

having been done

sb’s doing 具有名词的作用

在句中做主、宾、定和表语

II. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较:

情况常用动词

只接不定式做宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen

只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider

can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to

两者都可以意义基本相同

begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多

指一般或习惯行为)

need, want, require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)

意义相反

stop to do 停止手中事,去做另一件事

stop doing 停止正在做的事

意义不同

remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)

remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)

go on to do (接着做另外一件事)

go on doing(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力)

try doing(试试去做,看有何结果)

mean to do(打算做,企图做)

mean doing (意识是,意味着)can’t help to do(不能帮忙做) can’t help doing(忍不住要做)

III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:

常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句

不定式ask, beg, expect, get, order,

tell, want, wish, encourage

主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完

I heard him call me several

times.

have, notice, see, watch, hear,

feel, let, make

现在分词

notice, see, watch, hear, find,

keep, have, feel 主谓关系。强调动作正在进行,尚未

完成

I found her listening to the

radio.

过去分词动宾关系。动作已经完成,多强调状

We found the village greatly

changed.

IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别:

区别举例

不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,进行式表示与

谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生

I have a lot of papers to type.

I have a lot of papers to be typed.

动名词 通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的任何关系

Shall we go to the swimming pool? 现在分词 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生 the boiling water / the boiled water the developing country/the developed country

the falling leaves / the fallen leaves

过去分词

与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成

V. 非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别: 区别

举例

不定式 多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作,做主语时可以借助于it 把不定式

移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主语交换位置,而且意义不变,并且还能用what 来提问主语或表语。 My dream is to become a teacher. To obey the law is important.

(dream, business, wish, idea, plan, duty, task 做主语时常用)

动名词

与不定式的功能区别不大,然而它更接近于名词,表示的动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,有时也可以用it 做形式主语,做表语时可以和主语互换位置。 It is no use saying that again and again. Teaching is my job.

分词

无名词的性质,不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质,可以做表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可被very, quite, rather 等副词修饰。 现在分词多含有“令人…”之意,说明主语的性质特征,多表示主动,主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被动或主语所处的状态,含有“感到…”之意,主语多是人。 The situation is encouraging. The book is well written.

(常见分词有astonishing, moving, tiring, disappointing, puzzling, shocking, boring, amusing 及其-ed

形式)

九.定语从句

I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注

关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

whom, which 和

that 在从句中做

宾语时,常可以省

略,但介词提前时

后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以

用that

whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

whose 人,物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.

The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.

that 人,物 主语,宾语

A plane is a machine that can fly.

She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

which 物 主语,宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

The picture which was about the accident was

terrible.

as 人,物 主语,宾语

He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语一般不

省略

关系

副词

when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born.

可用in which

why

原因

原因状语

I can ’t imagine the reason why he turned down my

offer.

可用for which

II. that 与which, who, whom 的用法区别: 情况 用法说明

例句

只用that 的情况

1. 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2. 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时

3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

4. 先行词既指人又指物时

5. 先行词被the only, the very 修饰时

6. 句中已经有who 或which 时,为了避免重复时

1.He told me everything that he knows.

2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

3.This is the best film that I have ever read.

4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

5.He is the only man that I want to see.

6.Who is the man that is making a speech?

只用which, who, whom 的情况 1. 在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which 指代物,用who/whom 指人

2. 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which 指物,whom 指人。

3. 先行词本身是that 时,关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he 时多用who 。

He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

III. as 与which 的区别:

定语从句区别例句

限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不

能用which

He is not such a fool as he looks.

Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.

非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,

象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那

么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正

如”的意思。

They won the game, as we had expected.

They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.

As is well known, he is a famous film star in the

1980s.

IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:

类别语法意义及特征例句

限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,

这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。

The accident happened at the time

when I left.

非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。

从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that

引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。

His mother, whom he loved deeply,

died ten years ago.

十.名词性从句

种类作用常用关联词例句

主语从句在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,一般置

谓语之前,也可用it作形式主语,主语

从句放主句之后

that, whether,

if, as if, as

though, who,

whose, which,

how, when, where,

why, what,

whatever,

whoever, wherever

Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter

much.

Whoever comes here will be welcome.

表语从句在复合句中做表语,相当于名词,位于系

动词之后

It looks as if it is going to snow.

宾语从句在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game.

同位语从句放在名词之后(news, problem, idea,

suggestion, advice, thought, hope,

fact等) 表明其具体内容

You have no idea how worried we are.

The fact that he lied again greatly

surprised us.

十一。状语从句

种类连接词注意点

时间状语when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until,

till, by the time, as soon as, hardly…when, no

sooner…than, the moment, the minute, immediately,

directly, instantly

主句表示将来意义时,从句须用一般现在时;while

引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的;until用在肯定

句中主句动词是延续性的,而否定句中主句动词为短

暂性的。

地点状语where, wherever

原因状语because, as, since, now that because语气最强,since较弱,表示大家都明了的原因,as又次之。

条件状语if, unless, once, in case, as long as, on condition

that

从句中动词时态不可用将来时,常用一般时代替

目的状语so that, in order that, for fear that so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词

结果状语so…that, such…that

比较状语than, as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more

方式状语as if, as though, as as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。

让步状语though, although, even if, even though, as, no

matter what, whatever, no matter who, whoever, no

matter which, whichever, no matter how, however, no

matter when, whenever

as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;although和

though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but

连用

十二。倒装句

种类倒装条件例句

完全倒装here, there, up, down, in, out, off, away等副词开

头的句子表示强调

Out rushed the children.

表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood two tables and four chairs. 强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were 1,000 students.

部分倒装never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, not until,

not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首

Hardly did I know what had happened.

only和修饰的状语放于句首

Only then did he realized the importance of

English.

not only…but also连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒

Not only does he know French, but also he is expert

at it.

neither…nor…连接并列的句子,前后都倒装Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.

so…that, such…that中的so或such及修饰的成分放于

句首时前倒后不倒

So busy is he that he can not go on a holiday.

as引导的让步状语Child as he is, he has learned a lot.

so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事。He can play the piano. So can i.

用于表示祝愿的祈使句中May you be in good health!

省略if的虚拟条件Were I you, I would not do it in this way.

十三。虚拟语气

类别用法例句

If引导的条件从句与现在事实相反

从句动词:过去式(be用were)

主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形

If he were here, he would

help us.

与过去事实相反

从句动词:had+过去分词

主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+过去分词

If I had been free, I would

have visited you.

与将来事实相反

从句动词:过去式 / should+动词原形 / were+不定式

主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原形

If it should rain

tomorrow, we would not go

camping.

其它状语从句as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式

They are talking as if they

had been friends for

years.

in order that / so that引导的状语从句中动词用can / could / may / might

/ would等+动词原形

Turn on the light so that

we can see it clearly.

宾语从句demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+动词原形

He suggested that we not

change our mind.

wish后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和should/would+动词原形表示

与现在,过去和将来情况相反

I wish I could be a pop

singer.

主语从句在It is necessary / important / strange that…, It is suggested /

demanded / ordered / requested that…等从句中,谓语动词用should+

动词原形

It is strange that such a

person should be our

friends.

其它句型中It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形

It’s high time that we

left.

would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式

I would rather you stayed

at home now.

If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈的愿望

If only our dream had come

true!

初中英语语法总结一览表

构成用法象征词规则变化不规则变化例句

动词用原形

三人称单数-s / es 表示经常性的

动作或状态

Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。一般-s –es 辅音+

y---ies

have----has

He goes to school every

I often have lunch at ho

动词用过去时Be—was/ were 表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态

ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等一般/去e 双写/辅+y

结尾-ied

go-went come-came

do-did leave-left等

He wrote a letter yester

I studied hard last year

be going to+V原will / shall + V原在将来某个时间或

某段时要做的事

tomorrow / after

next / tonight in 2010

Go come leave stay

fly等用进行表将来Are you going to read ?

He is coming tomorrow .

be+doing 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态listen look now

all the time Don’t…

一般去e 双写

+ing

tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing Tom is writing now .

They are lying on the be

have / has +PP

have/has been+doing 发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态

含糊的频率副词 already just never ever 分词规则的同过去式是

一样的

不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 I have been teaching for

He has slept for two day

was / were +doing 多用于复合句中表在过去某时间正在进行的动作

at this time yesterday

last Sunday evening

一般去e 双写

+ing

tie die lie –

变ie为y加ing

He was reading at that t

last Friday

had+动过去分词多用于复合句中该动作发生在过去的过去

by the time+过去时

when after before

规则的分词构成与过去

时一样的

需要逐个记忆

详见不规则动词表

We had learnt 2000 words

by the end of last year.

would + V 原形

多用宾语从句中

过去看来将要发生的动作或状态He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come

后--er 前加more 名词比较用more 表示两个人、物

之间进行比较时

than /much/ a little

far / in the two 等

一般/去e 双写/辅+y

结尾-ier

good/well —better

much/many—more

She is the tall in the t

He runs faster than Tom

后-est 前加most 名词比较用most 大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较

in the +比较范围

of the 具体的数字

一般/去e 双写/辅+y

结尾-iest

bad/ill/badly-worst

far-farther-farthest

She is the most beautifu

in her class.(最高级加th

作主语

To read is helpful for anybody now .

作宾语

He wants to buy a dictionary. 作宾补

I hear him sing yesterday

Tom told me to open it.

作表语

His job is to take care

of children .

作状语

He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow .

作定语

He has much homework

to do every day .

状语从句

句子作状语(时间地点原因条件让步比较)He was writing a letter when I came in。宾语从句

句子作宾语(语序、时态、引导词、客观事实)

He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.

定语从句

句子作定语(修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词)

I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday

主动语态:主语(人、物)+ 谓语 + 宾语

动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者

被动语态:主语(人、物)+be PP + by宾语动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者

在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式We speak English .

主语谓语宾语

English is spoken by us

宾改主谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾

主动变被动,先找主、谓、宾,宾改主、主by宾,代词变格要细心

时态随主、数随被

PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表

被动句的时态(be)随主动句的时态(do)人称和数应随被动句的

was、were等 )

[短语、词组归纳]

由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:

一、动词+介词

1.look at…看…,look like … 看上去像……,look after …照料…

2.listen to…听……

3.welcome to…欢迎到……

4.say hello to …向……问好

5.speak to…对……说话

此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。

二、动词+副词

“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:

A.动词(vt.)+副词

1.put on 穿上2.take off脱下3.write down记下

此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。

B.动词(vi)+副词。

1.come on赶快2.get up起床3.go home回家

4.come in进来5.sit down坐下6.stand up起立

此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。

三、其它类动词词组

1.close the door

2.1ook the same

3.go to work/class

4.be ill

5.have a look/seat

6.have supper

7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games

10. play games

[介词短语聚焦]

“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。

1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。

2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。

3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。

4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。

5.in the tree表示“在树上(非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。

6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。

7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。

8.at + 时刻表示钟点。

9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。

10.of短语表示所属关系。

11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。

12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。

另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。

[重点句型大回放]

1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,

2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.

3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。

4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。

5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,

6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.

7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing 等形式。

8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。

9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,

10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,

11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。

12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。

[重点短语快速复习]

1.kinds of 各种各样的

2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……

3. neither…nor…既不……也不……

4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶

5. take a seat 就坐

6. home cooking 家常做法

7. be famous for 因……而著名

8. on ones way to在……途中

9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院

10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾

11. wait for 等待

12. in time 及时

13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去

14. just then 正在那时

15. first of all 首先,第一

16. go wrong 走错路

17. be/get lost 迷路

18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗

19. get on 上车

20. get off 下车

21. stand in line 站队

22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室

23. at the head of……在……的前头

24. laugh at 嘲笑

25. throw about 乱丢,抛散

26. in fact 实际上

27. at midnight 在半夜

28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快

29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架

30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温

31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛

32. have a headache 头痛

33. as soon as… 一……就……

34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事

35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事

36. fall asleep 入睡

37. again and again再三地,反复地

38. wake up 醒来,叫醒

39. instead of 代替

40. look over 检查

41. take exercise运动

42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事

43. at the weekend 在周末

44. on time 按时

45. out of从……向外

46. all by oneself 独立,单独

47. lots of=a lot of 许多

48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再

49. get back 回来,取回

50. sooner or later迟早

51. run away 逃跑

52. eat up 吃光,吃完

53. run after 追赶

54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物

55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料

56. think of 考虑到,想起

57. keep a diary 坚持写日记

58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下

59. harder and harder 越来越厉害

60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)

61. turn off 关

[重温重点句型]

1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.

前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。

注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”

2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.

这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.

3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.

此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.

4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.

此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。

5.What’s wrong with…?

此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?” 6.too…to…

在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。

在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.

7.Sorry to hear that.

全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。

[重点句型、词组大盘点]

1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。

[用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。

[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.

[比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。

2.…return it sooner or later.

……迟早要将它归还。

[用法] l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。

2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back.

[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back。

3.No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……

[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。

[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有:

no matter when无论什么时候

nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方

no matter who无论谁

no matter how 无论怎么样

4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.

一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。

[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习(做)某事”。

[拓展]practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某计划。

5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.

他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。

[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。

2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动。

3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”。

[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人

nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事

2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害

6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。

[用法] warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。

[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that从句

2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事

3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事

4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事

重点句型、词组大盘点 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。[ 用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。[ 搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do. [ 比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。……

短语总结

It’s time for sth. 该到做某事的时间了.

It’s time to do sth.(It’s time for sb. to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了.

2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事.

3. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事.

4. make/let sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事.

5. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事.

6. had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事.

7. It’s better to do sth最好做某事

8. It’s best to do sth最好做某事

9. enjoy 喜欢做某事

10. finish 结束做某事

11. keep 继续做某事

12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事

13. carry on 继续做某事

14. go on 继续做某事

15. feel like 喜欢做某事

16. stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事.

17. forget/remember to do 与forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事.

18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事

19. prefer….to ……喜欢…..胜过……

20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事.

21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事.

22. What’s wong with……? …..出了问题(事)?

23. have nothing to do with….. 与…..无关

24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事

25. too…..to….. 太……以致知于不……

26. so ……that ….. 如此….. 以致知于不……

27. such…..that…… 如此….. 以致知于不……

28. It take sb. some time to do sth .某人做某事用了一些时间.

29. spend …..on sth.(doing sth.)花钱/时间做某事.

30. pay…..for sth.花费(钱)买某物.

31. What /how about……? …….怎么样(好吗)?

32. would like to do sth .想要/愿意做某事..

33. I don’t think that我认为……不…..

34. Why not do sth.? Why don’t you do sth .?为什么不做某事呢?

35. What do you mean by….?你….是什么意思?

36. What do you think of …..(How do you like ….)你认为….怎么样?

37. Mike enjoys collecting stamps . So do I.迈克喜欢集邮.我也也喜欢.

38. The more, the better . 越多越剧好.

39. Thanks for doing sth.谢谢你做了某事.

40. It is said that….. 据说……

1.315

2. 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ do

eg :I like watching monkeys jump

2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 赞成某人

5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界

7 along with 同……一道,伴随……

eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book

11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始

15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day

16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够……eg : She is able to sing She can sing

20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog

22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me

24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气

25 be as…原级…as和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

26 be ashamed to

27 be away from 远离

28 be away from 从……离开

29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好

30 be born 出生于

31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于……

32 be careful 当心;小心

33 be diffe rent from……和什么不一样

34 be famous for 以……著名

35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好

36 be from = come from 来自

eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?

37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

38 be glad+to+do/从句

39 be going to + v(原)将来时

40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

41 be good for 对什么有好处eg : Reading aloud is good for your English

42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事

43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处

Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

44 be in good health 身体健康

45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble

46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47 be late for = come late to 迟到   eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

48 be like 像……eg : I'm like my mother

49 be mad at 生某人的气

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

52 be not sure 表不确定

53 be on a visit to 参观

54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

55 be quiet 安静

56 be short for 表**的缩写eg: 陶is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

59 be sorry to hear that

60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you

61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : He's strict in obeying noles

62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格

63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格

64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么

65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)

68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试

69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事

eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as …和什么一样

73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作

74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句

76 because+句子because of +短语

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home

78 between…and…两者之间

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打扰bother sb to do sth

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了

He's bothering me to lend him money

82 by the end of 到……为止

83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang

84 care 关心eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来

85 catch up with sb 赶上某人

86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地

87 come in 进来

88 come over to 过来

89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?

90 communicate with sb 和某人交流

91 consider + doing 考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?

92 dance to 随着……跳舞eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞

93 decide to do sth 决定做某事

94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查

95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

96 do wrong 做错

97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事

98 Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意……

99 each +名(单)每一个……eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书

100 end up +doing

101 enjoy +doing 喜欢

102 escape from 从……逃跑

eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来

Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出

103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来

105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么

106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home

107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样?eg : I find the book interesting

109 finish 完成+doing(名词)

110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人

111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to…从某某到某某eg: From me for her

113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做……

eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)

114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job

115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好

116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处

117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math

118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦

119 get sb to do sth

120 get…from… 从某处得到某物

121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is give a tall

122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物

123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳

124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事

125 go out away from go out of

126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)

127 good way to 好方法

128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事

129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会

130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈

131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since

132 have been to …(地方)……去过某过地方have gon e to …(地方)去了某地还没回来

133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴

134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做

I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做

135 have to do sth 必须做某事

136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦

137 have…time +doing

138 have…(时间)…off放……假eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假

139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事

140 help a lot 很大用处

141 help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面)help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)

144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法

145 if : 是否=wether

eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果?!-- https://www.doczj.com/doc/ce18941440.html, 中国英语学习网,中国英语第一门户https://www.doczj.com/doc/ce18941440.html, -->

偃纾ㄈ 拷右话闶碧 跫 锾 泳?amp;nbsp;

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的

I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国

147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为

148 in some ways 在某些方面

149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后

150 in the north of…什么在什么的北方(north 北sowth 南west 西east 东)

151 in the sun 在太阳下

152 increase 增加

eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%

the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now

153 instead of +(名)代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子

I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人introduce oneself 自我介绍

155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook

157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样

158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样

159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样

160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说)做某事怎么样It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English

161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对……来说是个好主意

162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: It's important to me

163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间

eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了

164 join = take part in 参加

165 just now 刚才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样?

167 keep out 不让…… 进入

168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康

169 key to +名词表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案

170 key to…anser to …key 可以是答题或钥匙

171 laugh at… 取笑……eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke

172 learn by oneslfe 自学

173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng

174 learn to do sth 学做某事

175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事

176 Let sb down 让某人失望eg :We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望

177 live from :离某地远

178 live in +大地方/at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan

179 look after = take care of 照顾照看

180 lose one's way 谁迷路eg : Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事

182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you

183 make it early 把时间定的早一点

184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相

185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife

186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样eg : You must made your bed clean

187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样

188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事eg : I made him write

我以前让他写

189 make up be made up of (被动语态)由……组成

190 make…difference to…

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么

192 most +名most of +代

193 much too +形容词

194 must be 一定

195 need +名词

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事

197 need to do (实义动词)need do (情态动词)

198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing

199 no +名词

200 not anymore = no more 再也不……eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭

201 not… (形、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all

202 not…at all 一点都不

203 not…either表否定,也不eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐

204 not…until直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar

205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供

206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on one's way to…在谁去那的路上

208 on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面

209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈

210 on time 准时in time 及时

211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天

212 one of +可数名词的复数形式

213 one to another 一个到另一个

214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin

215 part-time job 兼职工作fall-time job 全职工作

216 pay for…付……钱pay the bill 开钱,付钱

217 please +do

218 please help yourself

219 pleased with sb

220 pool into = pore into

221 practice +doing 练习做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理

prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿

eg: My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车,也不去修旧车prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意…eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来

223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么pretend that 从句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作

He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案

224 rather…than宁可……也不……eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师

He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫

225 regard…as把……当作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候

I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友

He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人

226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭

227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校

the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother

228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人

229 say to oneself 对自己说

230 say to sb 对某人说

231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上

232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁

233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事

234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are

235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事

236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy

237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物

238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?

239 shock 使……震惊eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓我一跳

240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book.

241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her.

243 some…others…一些……另一些……

244 start…with…从……开始begin…with…从……开始

245 stay away from 远离……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时,我们要远离动物If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food 徒工你想减肥,你最好远离甜食246 stop doing 停下正在做的事

247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事

249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事

250 such +名这样,这种

251 suit sb 适合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇to one's surprise 令某人惊奇

253 take classes 上课

254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital

255 take walks = take a walk =go for a walk 散步

256 ①talk to 对谁说eg : I talk to you ②talk with 和谁说eg : I talk with him

③talk of 谈到eg : we talked of you ④talk about 谈论关于……

257 talk with sb 和某人说话

258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事

259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事

260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句tell sb not to do sth tell a story

261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么

263 tell…from…

264 thank you for +doing

265 the same +名词(doing)+as……

266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as相同

267 the way to do sth =the way of doing sth 做某方面的方法the way to +地方去哪的路

e g : Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way o

f learnin

g English

268 the way to…(地点)到哪的路

269 too…to…太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能…so…that +丛句太…所以…

eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school

He is old enough to go to school =He is so old that he can go to school

270 transalte ……into……把什么翻译成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese

271 travel with sb 和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well

273 try to do sth 想干什么,但没成功try doing sth 想干什么,已经做过了

eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但没成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去

274 try…试衣服have a try 试一下

275 turn down 开小←→turn up 开大

初中英语短语归纳(1)

中考高频短语汇总 A.look 短语 1look like看起来像 2.look for寻找 3look through浏览 4look up查阅,向上看 5.look over 仔细检查 6.look forward to期盼,期待 7.look after照顾,照料 B.put 短语 1.put up举起,挂起,搭建 2.put on穿上,戴上,上演 3.put away 把—放好 4.put off推迟,推延 5.put down把—放下,记下 6.put out扑灭,伸出 7.put into把—放进--,把—译成-- 8.put one's heart into 全神贯注于--- C.get 短语 1.get up起床 2.get off下车 3.get on上车,相处,进展 4.get over克服,恢复,原谅 5.get back回来,返回 6.get through接通电话 7.get along进展,相处8.get into陷入-- 9.get out 出去,离开10.get together相聚 11.get ready for为—做准备12.get married结婚 13.get in the way碍事,挡道14.get to到达 D.give短语 1.give up放弃 2.give out分发 3.give away赠送,分发 4.give back归还 E.think短语 1.think of 想起,认为 2.think up想出,提出 3.think about考虑 4.think over仔细考虑 F.take 短语 1.take up 占据(时间,空间) 2.take after与(父母等)相像 3.take place发生 4.take care小心,当心 5.take off 脱下,起飞 6.take out拿出,取出 7.take away拿走,带走8.take down取下 9.take it easy从容,不紧张10.take care of照顾,照料 11.take a rest休息一下12.take a shower洗澡

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类: 名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词 (Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。 2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。 4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 (三)名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式: 1.单数 英语中,如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时,要用名词的单数

形式,表示名词的单数,要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange (×)→ a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→ an old desk (○) 一张旧课桌 关键字:初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不是看名词。 2.复数

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. :who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如): 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

初中英语短语汇总大全

中考短语集锦 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢,抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地,反复地 38. wake up 醒来,叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立,单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来,取回 50. sooner or later迟早 51. run away 逃跑 52. eat up 吃光,吃完 53. run after 追赶 54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物 55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料 56. think of 考虑到,想起 57. keep a diary 坚持写日记 58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 59. harder and harder 越来越厉害 60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等) 61. turn off 关 agree with sb 同意某人的看法 agree on sth 同意某事 arrive at/in sp 到达某地 ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 ask sb not to do sth 叫某人不要做某事 be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事 be strict in sth 对某事要求严格 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 decide to do sth 决定做某事 dislike doing sth 不喜欢做某事 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 find sb do/doing sth 发现某人做某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 give sb sth 给某人某物 give sth to sb 给某人某物 have fun doing sth 做…很有趣 help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 it’s time for sth 该做某事了 it’s time for sb to do sth 该某人做某事了 it’s time to do sth 该做某事了 like doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 mind (sb) doing sth 介意(某人)做某事pass sb sth 把某物递给某人 pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人practice doing sth 练习做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事remember to do sth 记得要做某事 see sb do/doing sth 看见某人做某事 show sb sth 给某人看某物 show sth to sb 给某人看某物spend…(in) doing sth 花费…做某事spend…on sth 花费…在某物上 start doing sth 开始做某事

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4.一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了(工作)。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底,他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。(注:四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。) 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如:直陈式,命令式等。

初中英语短语归纳

初中英语知识总结-短语、词组和重点句型归纳 [ 短语、词组归纳 ] 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1 .look at…看look like 看上去像……,look after …照料… 2listen to…听…… 3welcome to…欢迎到…… 4say hello to …向……问好 5speak to…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A.动词(vt.)+副词 1 . put on 穿上 2 . take off 脱下 3 . write down 记下 此类短语可以带宾语, 宾语若是名词,

放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的 前面。 B .动词( vi ) + 副词。 1 . com e on 赶快 2 . get up 起床 3 . go home 回家 4 . com e in 进来 5 . sit down 坐下 6 . stand up 起立

此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。 三、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the sam e 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/gams 10. play games [ 介词短语聚焦 ] “介词 + 名词 / 代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16 常用的介词短语按用法进行 归类。 1in+ 语言 / 颜色 / 衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。 2 . in + Row/ Team / Class/ Grade 等,表示“在……排 / 队 / 班级 / 年级”等。 3

初中英语语法总结48741

今天为大家总结了中小学生必须掌握的语法内容,并且像孩子小时候的儿歌一样朗朗上口,细心的家长可以收起来,留给孩子经常翻看复习。 be 的用法口诀 我用am,你用are,is连着他,她,它; 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are. 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃 变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑 时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用in,日子前面却不行 遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in. 要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行 午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也不错 at也用在明分前,说差可要用上to, 说过只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记, 莫让岁月空蹉跎 可数名词的复数变化规律 名词复数有规律,一般词尾加s; 辅音字母+y型,变y为i,es; ch,sh真有趣,s,x,es; f,fe真小气,字母v来把它替,es在后别忘记; 字母o来真神奇,有生命来es,没有生命+s. 中日好友来聚会, 绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。 男士、女士a变e; 牙(齿)、脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门, 原形后面r、 e 、n;

老鼠本来爱大米, mice,ice和rice. 注:中Chinese,日Japanese,好友people. 绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish (这些单词单复数一样)man--men woman--women tooth--teeth foot--feet child--children mouse--mice 一般现在时态 (一) I、we、you、they作主语, 动词原形后面跟; 否定句,更容易, 动词前面加don't; 疑问句,别着急, 句首Do,来帮你, 后面问号别忘记; 肯定回答用Yes, I、we、you、they加上do; 否定回答要用No, I、we、you、they加don't. (二) 主语三单他、她、它, 动三形式后面压, 词尾一般s加; 辅音字母+y型, 变y为i,es; ch,sh真有趣, s,x,es; 三个特殊那里去? has、goes和does;

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

(完整版)初中英语短语归纳

初中英语短语归纳. A.look 短语 1.look at看---- 7.look like看起来像 2.look for寻找8.look through浏览 3.look up查阅,向上看9.look into向—里看 4.look out向外看,小心10.look around环顾四周 5.look over 仔细检查11.look forward to期盼,期待 6.look after照顾,照料12.look ahead向前看 B.put 短语 1.put up举起,挂起,搭建 2.put on穿上,戴上,上演 3.put away 把—放好 4.put off推迟,推延 5.put down把—放下,记下 6.put out扑灭,伸出 7.put into把—放进--,把—译成-- 8.put one's heart into 全神贯注于--- C.get 短语 1.get up起床 2.get off下车 3.get on上车,相处,进展 4.get over克服,恢复,原谅 5.get back回来,返回 6.get through接通电话 7.get along进展,相处8.get into陷入-- 9.get out 出去,离开10.get together相聚 11.get ready for为—做准备12.get married结婚 13.get in the way碍事,挡道14.get to到达 D.give短语 1.give up放弃 2.give out分发 3.give away赠送,分发 4.give back归还 E.think短语 1.think of 想起,认为 2.think up想出,提出 3.think about考虑 4.think over仔细考虑 F.take 短语 1.take up 占据(时间,空间) 2.take after与(父母等)相像 3.take place发生 4.take care小心,当心 5.take off 脱下,起飞 6.take out拿出,取出 7.take away拿走,带走8.take down取下 9.take it easy从容,不紧张10.take care of照顾,照料11.take a rest休息一下12.take a shower洗澡 13.take part in参加14.take pride in对—感到自豪15.take a photo拍照16.take turns轮流,依次 17.take an interest in对—感兴趣18.take a vacation去度假

初中英语语法总结(完整)

初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴,它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式,动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来,就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气。与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等)。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月,北京正在举行29届奥运会。

初中英语语法介词知识点总结.

初中英语语法介词知识点归纳 1.in; on; at用在时间词前,表“在” 1at + 具体时刻 2on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时 3in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分 但注意:at night= in the night at noon at this / that time at Christmas eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning 3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002 6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring 8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March 另外注意:在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday…前有last, next , this , that 时,不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。 eg. I will go(A to the cinema(B in(C this evening.

2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.

初中英语短语归纳总结-初中英语短语大全

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)补:a place of interest 名胜 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with 同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候补:at least 至少 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够……eg : She is able to sing She can sing 补:base on 以…(为)根据 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心;小心be close to…离…很近 33 be different from……和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v(原)将来时

初中英语语法大全汇总

初中英语语法大全汇总 (一) 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。

(完整版)人教版初中英语语法和知识点总结以及练习题

初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about ?? 3. Let's do sth. 4. It's time to do sth. 5. It's time for ? 6. What's ?? It is ?/ It's ? 7. Where is ?? It's ?. 8. How old are you? I'm ?. 9. What class are you in? I'm in ?. 10. Welcome to ?. 【名师讲解】 1.in/on 在表示空间位置时, in 表示在某个空间 的范围以内, 例如: There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 2. this/that/these/those (1) this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话 人的人和事, 时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的 人和事, look in that one over there. 11. What's ?plus ?? It's ?. 12. I think ? 13. Who's this? This is ?. 14. What can you see ? I can see ?. 15. There is (are) ?. 16. What color is it (are they)? It's (They're) ? 17. Whose ?is this? It's ?. 18. What time is it? It's ?. III. 交际用语 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr ?. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I'm fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You're welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What's your name? My name is ?. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who's on duty today? 11. Let's do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法 those 时 that 的复数形式。 你看看这个盒子,我去看那边的那个盒 子。 on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。 these 是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在 例如: You look in this box and I'll

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