第一讲会计英语的常用术语
授课内容和教学目标：
在第一个专题中向大家介绍会计领域中经常用到的最基本的术语以及它们的应用，使学生在头脑中建立起一个框架并对会计专业英语有一个直观的了解。这些内容将构成以后几个专题学习的基础。
1.accounting n.会计；会计学
account n..账，账目a/c；账户
e.g.T-account: T型账户；account payable应付账款receivable 应收账款）；
accountant n.会计人员，会计师CPA （certified public accountant）注册会计师
2.Accounting concepts 会计的基本前提
1）accounting entity 会计主体；entity 实体，主体
2）going concern 持续经营
3）accounting period 会计分期
financial year/ fiscal year 会计年度（financial adj.财务的，金融的；fiscal adj.财政的）4）money measurement货币计量
人民币RMB￥美元US$ 英镑￡法国法郎FFr
*权责发生制accrual basis.
accrual n.本身是应计未付的意思，
accrue v.应计未付，应计未收，
e.g.accrued liabilities，应计未付负债
3.Quality of accounting information 会计信息质量要求
（1）可靠性reliability
（2）相关性relevance
（3）可理解性understandability
（4）可比性comparability
（5）实质重于形式substance over form
（6）重要性materiality
（7）谨慎性prudence
（8）及时性timeliness
4.Elements of accounting会计要素
1）Assets: 资产
– current assets 流动资产
cash and cash equivalents 现金及现金等价物（bank deposit）
inventory存货receivable应收账款prepaid expense 预付费用
– non-current assets 固定资产
property （land and building）不动产, plant 厂房, equipment 设备（PPE）
e.g.The total assets owned by Wilson company on December 31, 2006 was US$1,500,000.
2）Liabilities: 负债
funds provided by the creditors. creditor债权人，赊销方
– current liabilities 当期负债
non-current liabilities 长期负债
total liabilities
account payable应付账款loan贷款advance from customers 预收款
bond债券（由政府发行, government bond /treasury bond政府债券，国库券）debenture债券（由有限公司发行）
3）Owners’ equit y: 所有者权益（Net assets）
funds provided by the investors. Investor 投资者
– paid in capital （contributed capital）实收资本
– shares /capital stock （u.s.）股票
retained earnings 留存收益
同时记住几个单词dividend 分红
beginning retained earnings ending retained earnings
– reserve 储备金（资产重估储备金，股票溢价账户）
e.g.The company offered/issued 10,000 shares at the price of US$2.30 each.
4）Revenue: 收入
sales revenue销售收入interest revenue利息收入rent revenue租金收入
5）Expense: 费用
cost of sales销售成本, wages expense工资费用
6）Profit （income, gain）:利润net profit, net income
5.Financial statement 财务报表
1）balance sheet 资产负债表
2）income statement 利润表
3）statement of retained earnings 所有者权益变动表
4）cash flow statement 现金流量表
6.Accounting cycle
1）journal entries 日记账general journal总日记账
general ledger总分类账trial balance试算平衡表
adjusting entries 调整分录adjusted trial balance调整后的试算平衡表Financial statements 财务报表closing entry 完结分录
2）Dr.—Debit 借Cr.—Credit 贷
Double-entry system 复式记账
7.Exercise 练习
1）purchases of inventory in cash for RMB￥3,000 现金人民币3,000元购买存货Dr.inventory 3,000借：存货3,000
Cr.cash 3,000 贷：现金3,000
2）sales on account of US$10,000 赊销方式销售，收入10,000美元Dr.account receivable 10,000借：应收账款10,000 Cr.sales revenue 10,000 贷：销售收入10,000
3）paid RMB￥50,000 in salaries & wages 支付工资人民币50,000元
Dr.wages & salaries expense 50,000 借：职工薪酬50,000
Cr.bank deposit 50,000贷：银行存款50,000
4）cash sale of US$1,180 销售收入现金1,180美元
Dr.cash 1,180 借：现金1,180
Cr.sales revenue 1,180贷：销售收入1,180
5）pre-paid insurance for US$12,000 预付保险费12,000美元
Dr.prepaid insurance 12,000借：预付保险12,000 Cr.bank deposit 12,000贷：银行存款12,000
第二讲存货
授课内容和教学目标：
本专题主要讲授与存货有关的英文术语，如期初和期末的存货的表达方式，以及不同的企业中的各种存货形式。其次，通过该专题的学习，使学生掌握对有关存货在买入时和卖出时的价值计量这一类英文题目的理解和解答，及与期末存货有关的会计处理方式的英文会计分录。
1.Inventory n. 存货，库存（c.f.stock英式英语用法）
常见词组inventory turnover 存货周转率inventory control 存货控制
beginning inventory初始存货ending inventory 期末存货
take a physical inventory 盘库
常见的存货形式：
cost n. 成本，费用
direct costs 直接成本indirect costs 间接成本fixed costs 固定成本cost accounting 成本会计
v.花费
e.g. The office furniture of our company costs us $5,000.
unit cost 单个成本total cost 总成本
cost of sales （COS）= cost of goods sold（CGS）销货成本
sales revenue 销售收入这两个词经常被放在一起做计算
Lecture examples:
①A company sold 15 computers for US$1000 each.
某公司以1000美元一台的价格售出电脑共15台。
Sales revenue: US$1,000×15 = US$15,000
[答疑编号811020101]
②A company sold 15 computers costing US$800 each for total US$15,000.
某公司销售出电脑15台，每台成本为800美元，共收入15,000美元。
cost of sales: US$800×15 = US$12,000
Dr.bank deposit15,000借：银行存款15,000 Cr.sales revenue15,000贷：主营业务收入15,000 Dr.cost of sales12,000借：主营业务成本12,000 Cr.inventory--computer12,000贷：库存商品—电脑12,000 [答疑编号811020102]
3.初始成本计量
The inventory should be measured at cost. Cost includes the following:
采购成本purchase（price）运费freight 存储storing cost
保险费insurance 税费tax 装卸费loading and unloading cost
e.g.During July, 2007, the company purchased 200 sets of sunshine brand printers at the price RMB￥410 each. RMB￥300 of freight were also paid.
Dr. printer82,300
Cr. bank deposit82,300
借：固定资产—打印机82300
贷：银行存款82300
4.发出存货的成本计量
Specific identification 个别计价法
unit cost × no. of unit = total cost
Weighted average 加权平均法
[答疑编号811020103]
Moving average 移动平均法
First-in, First-out （FIFO）先进先出法
[答疑编号811020104]
5.期末存货的计量ending inventory
Lower of cost or market rule （LCM rule）成本与市场孰低法
Cost 成本market value （fair value）公允价值carrying value账面成本
net realizable value可变现净值＝estimated sale price估计售价－related costs and tax估计销售费用和税金
* contract price合同价格sales price销售价格
存货跌价准备的计提
Dr. management cost—Dr. management cost-loss on market price decline of inventories 资产减值损失
Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories 存货跌价准备
Lecture example:
If the original cost of the inventory held by ABC company was US$2,000, and its estimated total sale price would be $2,100 and other expense for the sales would be $200.
The net realizable value for those inventory: US$1,900=$2,100-$200
Dr. management cost-loss on market price decline of inventories100
Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories100 [答疑编号811020105]
Lecture examples：
At the beginning of the year, Linda company held 1500 desk lamps costing RMB￥50.00 each. During the year it purchased an additional 500 lamps for RMB￥55.00 each. The company sold 1800 units.
You are required to compute the cost of goods sold and ending inventory and make the necessary journal entry for the business assuming FIFO method are use.
By the end of the year, it was reported that the market price of this type of lamp has declined to RMB￥52.00 each. You are also required to prepare the necessary journal entry on December 31 for the company.
[答疑编号811020106]
①inventory purchase
Dr：inventory27500
Cr：bank deposit27500（500*55）
②inventory sales （FIFO method will be used to calculate the CGS）
cost of goods sold（CGS）=1500*50+300*55=91500
ending inventory=1500*50+500*55-91500=11000
Dr：bank deposit***
Cr.sales revenue***
Dr：cost of sales91500
Cr. inventory--desk lamp91500
③reserve for market price decline of inventories
net realizable value=200*52=10400
Dr: management cost-loss on market price decline of inventorie600（11000-10400）Cr. reserve for market price decline of inventories600
第三讲固定资产
授课内容和教学目标：
该专题内容主要介绍常用的与固定资产有关的英文词汇、短语和经济业务描述。通过本章的教学使学生理解关于固定资产价值的计量、折旧等英文题目的理解，并进行常见的计算和会计处理。
1.Non-current assets
current: adj.流通的；当前的current assets 流动资产current liabilities 短期负债
non-current：加否定前缀non-current assets 固定资产non-current liabilities 长期负债
e.g.Assets are usually divided into current assets and non-current assets on the balance sheet.
2.常见的固定资产
building建筑物plant厂房machinery机械
equipment设备vehicles车辆fixture固定设施
3.固定资产的初始计量
Acquisition cost购置成本
acquire v.获得，取得acquisition n.
e.g.Our company acquired a famous local hotel for $105,000 in October.
Acquisition cost includes some other necessary costs.
purchase price买价transportation cost运费
installation cost安装费用tax税金等
*historical cost：原始成本
Lecture example
e.g.ABC company purchased a piece of equipment with a list price（价目表价格）of RMB ￥60,000 on January 1, 2008.The following cost was related to the equipment purchase: fright cost of ￥1,000 were incurred; a pollution-control device was compulsively required to be installed at a cost of ￥2,500; loading and unloading fee of ￥800.please calculate the acquisition cost of the equipment.
[答疑编号811030101]
List price ￥60,000
freight costs 1,000
pollution-control 2,500
loading and unloading fee 800
total Acquisition Cost ￥64,300
fair value 公允价值market value 市场价值
Lecture example
Edison company owns a chain of restaurants.On January 1, 2008, the company acquired a restaurant from its competitor for $40,000.The fair value of the assets was assessed as following: the building had a market value of $35,000, the equipments had the fair value of $10,000 and the fixtures of $5,000.
Q: what’s the acquisition cost of each asset? Prepare a journal entry to record the acquisition.
[答疑编号811030102]
Total acquisition cost: $40,000
Total fair value of the acquired assets: $35,000＋$10,000＋$5,000＝$50,000
Market Value Acquisition Cost
building 35,000 28,000 ＝40,000×（35,000÷50,000）
equipment 10,000 8,000 ＝40,000×（10,000÷50,000）
fixture 5,000 4,000 ＝40,000×（5,000÷50,000）
50,000 40,000
Dr.building 28,000
Dr.equipment 8,000
Dr.fixture 4,000
Cr.bank deposit 40,000
借：固定资产――建筑物28,000
――设备8,000
――固定设施4,000
贷：银行存款40,000
4.Depreciation折旧
depreciation n.折旧，损耗（有些资产）amortization 摊销（无形资产）
accumulated depreciation 累积折旧depreciation expense 折旧费用
depreciate v.
depreciable adj.
· depreciation base折旧基数— historical cost of assets
* book value /carrying value 账目价值（＝historical cost – accumulated depreciation）· estimated residual value/ estimated salvage value预计净残值
estimated adj.预计的，估计的→estimate v.估计，判断，估价
residual adj.残留的，剩余的
salvage n.海上救助，海上打捞，从灾难中抢救出的财物，残留物，残余物
* depreciable amount ＝depreciation base—estimated residual value
· estimated useful life 预计使用年限（No.of years）/（No.of production units）
useful life 使用寿命，使用年限
·固定资产已提的减值准备
· methods:
a.straight-line method直线折旧法，平均年限法
b.units of production method工作量法
Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧法:
c.double-declining balance method双倍余额递减法
d.sum-of-the-years' digits method年数总和法
journal entry 与折旧有关的会计分录
Dr.depreciation expense折旧费用
Cr.accumulated depreciation累计折旧
Lecture examples:
1）Straight-line depreciation
depreciable amount 可折旧金额＝depreciation expense of each year（年折旧额）
estimated useful life（year）尚可使用年限
Leo company purchased a laundry equipment on Sept.1, 2007, for $60,000.The equipment has an estimated useful life of 5 years and an estimated residual value of $6,000.The company is comparing the use of the straight-line method and the units-of-production method to depreciate
the asset.The equipment will be used to produce 10,000 units in the first two years and 20,000 units in the following three years..
Please calculate the depreciation expense, the accumulated depreciation, and the book value of the equipment under both methods for each of the five years of the asset’s life.
[答疑编号811030103]
*$60,000 cost; 5 year life; $6,000 residual value
Depreciation expense of each year in 5 years:（$60,000－$6,000）÷5＝$10,800
depreciable amount ＝depreciation expense/unit（每单位产品的折旧额）units production生产的产品产量
Depreciation expense of each unit in 5 years:（$60,000﹣$6,000）÷80,000＝$0.675
Depreciation expense of each year＝depreciation expense of each unit ×No.of units produced in that year
[答疑编号811030104]
book value at start of period 期初账面价值×double straight-line rate双倍折旧率＝depreciation expense for that period当期折旧费用
*book value（carrying value）账面价值＝cost of asset资产的成本－accumulated depreciation累计折旧
straight-line rate平均年限法折旧率＝1÷no.of years（estimated useful life）折旧年限double straight-line rate双倍余额法折旧率＝2×straight-line rate平均年限法折旧率
4）Sum-of-the-years' digits 年数总和法
depreciable amount ′years left at beg.of period期初剩余使用年限
sum of the years' digits年数数位的总和
本章小节:
在固定资产这一章当中，主要介绍了固定资产折旧的情况，除此之外，固定资产还会涉及到固定资产的处置，比如固定资产的损毁、固定资产的出售以及固定资产抵债的一些相关的内容。
第四讲常用会计科目的英文名称
1.资产类科目Assets
现金：Cash and cash equivalents
银行存款：Bank deposit
应收账款：Account receivable
应收票据：Notes receivable
应收股利：Dividend receivable
应收利息：Interestreceivable
其他应收款：Other receivables
原材料：Raw materials
在途物资：Materials in transport
库存商品：inventory
存货跌价准备：provision forthe declinein value ofinventories 坏账准备：Bad debt provision
待摊费用：Prepaid expense
交易性金融资产：Trading financial assets
持有至到期投资：held-to-maturity investment
可供出售金融资产：Available-for-sale financial assets
短期投资：Short-term investment
长期股权投资：Long-term equity investment
固定资产：Fixed assets
累计折旧：Accumulated depreciation
在建工程：Construction-in-process
固定资产减值准备：provision for the decline in value of fixed assets 无形资产：Intangible assets
累计摊销：Accumulated amortization
商誉：Goodwill
递延所得税资产：deferred tax assets （DTA ）
2.负债类Liability
短期借款：Short-term loans/ borrowing
长期借款：Long-term loans/ borrowing
预收账款：advance from customers/ Deposit received
应付票据：Notes payable
应付账款：Account payable
应付工资薪酬：wages payable
应付股利：Dividends payable
应付利息：Interest payable
应交税费：Tax payable
其他应付款：Other payables
递延所得税负债：Deferred tax liabilities
3.所有者权益类 OWNERS' EQUITY
实收资本：Paid-in capital （paid-up）
资本公积：Capital reserves
盈余公积：Surplus reserves
未确认投资损失：Unrealized investment losses
未分配利润：Retained earnings after appropriation
4.成本类科目Cost
生产成本：Manufacturing Cost
制造费用：Manufacturing overhead
劳务成本：labor costs
研发支出：R & D expenditure
5.损益类Profit and loss
主营业务收入：Main operating revenue
其他业务收入：Other operating revenue
营业外收入：Non-operating income
投资收益：Investment income
产品销售收入：sales revenue
主营业务成本：Main operating costs
cost of goods sold / cost of sales
其他业务支出：Other operating costs
营业外支出：Non-operating expense
销售费用：Selling expense
管理费用：General and administration expense （G&A expense）财务费用：Finance expense
公允价值变动损益：Gain/loss of the change of fair value
所得税：Income tax
第五讲无形资产
授课内容：本节内容主要介绍与无形资产有关的英文术语和常用表达。内容侧重于讲解无形资产的基本特征以及与无形资产的初始计量、后续计量和处置有关的计算和会计处理方法。
1.Intangible assets无形资产企业拥有或控制的没有实物形态的可辨认非货币资产。
Identifiable non-monetary assets without physical substance, owned or controlled by the entity.
强调两点：
identifiability: 可辨认性
（without） physical substance: 物质形态
（1）（without）physical substance: （不具有）物质形态
intangible adj. 触摸不到的、无形 c.f. tangible assets有形资产
有时候英文中也用intangibles 表示无形资产。
（2）identifiability: 可辨认性
intangibleassets: identifiable
*goodwill商誉：unidentifiable separately（不可辨认）
3.Type of intangible assets 无形资产的具体形式
trade mark 商标权
patent 专利权
brand name 品牌
intellectual property（IP）知识产权
copyright著作权
franchise 特许权
license 执照，许可证
computersoftware计算机软件
research and development（R&D）研究开发
4.Initial recognition of intangible assets无形资产的初始计量:
· purchased intangible assets：外购无形资产
purchase v. 买，购买
· internally generated intangible assets：自创的无形资产
internally—internal adj. 内部的
generated：adj.形成的，被创造的
Lecture example 1:
Company A purchased a patent for the design of a TV set on 3 January at a cost of ￥20,000. This patent （based on its technology） is estimated（估计） to have a useful life of 5 years.
*从题目中提炼出重要的信息Patent: cost—￥20,000; useful life—5 years
Dr Intangible assets—patent 20,000
Cr Bank deposit 20,000
借: 无形资产—专利权20,000
贷: 银行存款20,000
Lecture example 2:
Company A also has an internally generated（自创的） brand name with an estimated fair value of ￥500,000.
注意：自创的品牌不作为企业的无形资产核算。
5. Measurement after recognition无形资产的后续计量
在有关无形资产的题目中，可能还会涉及到用英文处理无形资产的后续计量。无形资产的后续计量主要是牵扯到资产的使用寿命（useful life）、摊销、减值测试等问题。这就需要我们明白下面一组单词的含义，以便更好的判断是否对无形资产进行摊销或减值测试。
· amortization n. 摊销 amortize （amortise） v. 摊销 c.f. depreciate 折旧
e.g. The intangible asset is to be amortized over five years.
· useful life 使用寿命
① intangibles with finite（有限的）useful life 使用寿命有限
—amortized over the useful life 在使用寿命内进行摊销
② intangibles with indefinite useful life 使用寿命不确定
—not to be amortized and be tested for asset impairment 不摊销而进行资产减值测试
c.f. indefinite不确定的 infinite无限的 definite确定的
Lecture example 3
Company A purchased a patent for the design of a kind of TV set on 3 January at a cost of ￥20,000. This patent （based on its technology） is estimated to have a useful life of 5 years.
A公司于1月3日以人民币2万元购买了一个电视的设计专利权，该专利权的使用寿命为5年。
Dr management expense—Amortization expense ￥4,000
Cr Accumulated amortization—patent ￥4,000
Lecture example 4
Company A purchased a register trade mark（注册商标） for ￥300,000. The trademark can be renewed（更新） indefinitely subject to continued use.
初始计量: Dr Intangible assets—trade mark ￥300,000
Cr Bank deposit ￥300,000
后续计量：impairment test for each accounting period（每一会计期间进行减值测试）
6. the disposal of intangible assets 无形资产的处置
· When the intangible assets are saled当无形资产被售出时
借：银行存款
无形资产减值准备
累计摊销
营业外支出——处置非流动资产损失（出售实现损失时）
贷：无形资产
营业外收入——处置非流动资产利得收益（出售实现收益时）Dr. Bank deposit
Provision for the decline in value of intangible assets
Accumulated amortization
Non-operating expense—loss on disposal of non-current assets（when loss occurs）Cr. Intangible assets
Non-operating revenue—gain on disposal of non-current assets（when gain occurs）·当无形资产预期不能为企业带来经济利益时，应当将该无形资产的账面价值予以转销，其账面价值当作当期损益。
借：营业外支出
累计摊销
无形资产减值准备
贷：无形资产
Dr. non-operating expense
Accumulated amortization
Provision for the decline in value of intangible assets
Cr. Intangible assets
第六讲资产减值Assets Impairment
教学内容：
在本章的教学中主要向学生介绍资产的英文定义，资产的会计处理。主要包括资产的计量方法中使用的英文术语，资产的后续计量中涉及到资产减值的内容。通过课堂例题的练习使大家掌握资产减值题目的解答方法。
1.Definition of asset:
An asset is a resource owned or controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity。
owned or controlled by the entity 由企业拥有或者控制
as a result of past events 由过去的交易或者事项形成
from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity 预期会给企业带来经济利益
此外，满足资产定义还有以下两个条件：
probable 很可能的
measurable 可以计量的
2.Asset Measurement 资产的计量
measure v. 计量, 度量
measurable adj.可计量的
Historical cost 历史成本、原始成本
e.g. Traditionally, a company’s assets were valued at their historical costs. With inflation, such assets were usually undervalued.
replacement cost 重置成本
e.g. With replacement cost accounting, assets are valued at the amount it would cost to replace them. 在重置成本会计方法下，资产通常是以替换现存资产的所需的成本来计量的。
net realizable value 可变现净值
e.g. At the reporting date, a company’s inventory should be valued at the lower of cost or the net realizable value. 在资产负债表日，公司期末存货应按照成本或可变现净值孰低计量。
present value 现值
e.g. The leased assets are usually valued at the present value of future cash flows generated from the assets. 租赁资产通常是以来自于该资产的未来现金流的现值来计量的。
Fair value 公允价值
e.g. Real estate investment measured with the fair value model should be adjusted to the fair value. 在公允价值模式下计量的投资性房地产，应该被被调整到以公允价值进行计量。
Recoverable amount 可回收金额
（the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and the present value of expected future cash flow）
e.g. When an asset is indicated to be impaired, its carrying valued should be reduced to the recoverable amount. 当有迹象表明资产减值时，资产的账面金额应该降至可回收金额。
selling price 销售价格
contract price 合同价格
carrying value book value 账面价值
3.Accounting for Assets 资产的会计处理
Initial recognition: 初始计量—account for assets at cost 以成本记入
cost=the amount paid （consideration）+any incidental costs
consideration n.对价、付款
any incidental costs杂费（运输费、保险费、会计费用）
初始计量的分录（以孤独资产为例）：
Dr：fixed assets
Cr：bank deposit
Depreciation 折旧
Dr：depreciation expense 折旧费用
Cr：Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧
Introduction to asset impairment 资产减值
impair v. 削弱，损坏impair by use 因为使用而损坏
e. g. Technical renovation indicates that the asset owned by our company is impaired impairment n.损害，减少，恶化
e. g. asset impairment 资产减值impairment test 减值测试
资产减值适用以下资产：
Real estate investment valued under cost model 成本计量模式的投资性房地产；
Long term equity investment 长期股权投资；
Fixed assets 固定资产；
Biological assets 生产性生物资产；
Extractive Industries 采掘行业的油气资源；
Intangible assets 无形资产；
Goodwill 商誉
4.How to do impairment test? 如何做资产减值测试
资产减值的迹象Indicators of asset impairment
Is there any indication that an asset is impaired?
①significant decline in market value资产的市价大幅度下跌；
②significant changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment；企业经营所处的经济、技术或者法律等环境的重大变化
③physical damage or evidence of obsolescence资产实体已损坏或资产陈旧过时；
④evidence from internal reporting the asset is performing worse than expected企业内部报告的证据表明资产的经济绩效已经低于或将低于预期。
如果发生资产减值迹象，我们应该估计可回收金额。
Recoverable amount: the higher of the asset’s fair value less costs to sell （资产的公允价值减去处置费用后的净额）or its present value of expected future cash flow （资产预计未来现金流量的现值）
Time value of money 货币的时间价值
The carrying amount of an asset should be reduced to its recoverable amount.
资产减值分录：
Dr：Impairment loss
Cr：provision for the impairment of asset/ provision for the decline in value of asset 借：资产减值损失
贷：资产减值准备
Lecture example1:
①On Dec. 31, 2007, Linda company found that there was indicator showing that the asset
was impaired and tested an equipment for impairment. The carrying value of the equipment is ￥10million. If the company sold the asset, it could gain￥9.2million. The cost to sale would be ￥0.2million. If the equipment is kept in use, the present value of expected cash flow generated from the asset would be￥8million. Please calculate the amount should be recognized as the provision for the decline in value of the fixed assets on Dec. 31, 2007.
林达公司于2007年12月31日发现其拥有的一台机器设备存在减值迹象故进行减值测试。该设备目前的账面价值为1000万元。如果公司出售该资产将获利920万，发生的处置费用预计为20万元；如果继续使用该设备，那么该资产预计的未来现金流的现值为800万元。请计算该公司于2007年12月31日应该计提的固定资产减值准备的金额是多少？
[答疑编号811060101]
a）Is there any indication that an asset is impaired? Yes
b）What is the recoverable amount of the equipment?
FV less costs to sell =9million
PV of the expected future cash flows = 8million
The recoverable amount =9million.
The provision for the decline in value of the fixed assets =10million – 9million= 1million.
Dr：Impairment loss 1,000,000
Cr：Provision for the impairment of asset 1,000,000
②Fisher company owns an equipment with the historical cost of￥30 million. The amount of ￥8million has been recorded as accumulated depreciation and￥2 million as provision for the impairment of fixed assets. On Dec. 31, 2006, the company made impairment test to the equipment and found there was indicator showing that the asset was impaired. If the equipment is sold,￥18 million can be gained gain after the cost to sale is deducted. If it is kept in use, the residual useful life would be 5 year and the expected future cash flow in the each year is in the
Please analysis if the equipment has been impaired. If it is so, make necessary accounting entries.
费希尔公司拥有某种设备的原值为3000万元，已经计提折旧800万元以及减值准备200万元，该公司于2006年12月31日对甲设备进行减值测试时发现，该类设备存在明显的减值迹象。如果公司出售该设备，将获得1800万元的净利润；如果继续使用，剩余的使用年限为5年，未来5年的现金流净值如表中所示:
请问该资产是否发生减值？如果发生减值，计算其减值准备，并作出会计处理。
[答疑编号811060102]
a）Is there any indication that an asset is impaired? Yes
b）What is the recoverable amount of the equipment?
Carrying value=20 million
FV less costs to sell=18million
PV of the expected future cash flows=600/（1+5%）+550/（1+5%）2+ 400/（1+5%）3+ 320/（1+5%）4 + 180/（1+5%）5 =18.2million
The recoverable amount=18.20million.
Provision for the impairment of the fixed assets =20million–18.20million=1.8million.
会计基本英语词汇(是好东西就贴出来了) 会计基本的英语词汇 帐户 会计系统 美国会计协会 美国注册会计师协会 审计 资产负债表 簿记 现金流量预测 内部审计证书 管理会计证书 注册会计师 成本会计 外部使用者 财务会计 财务会计准则委员会 财务预测 公认会计原则 通用目的信息 政府会计办公室 损益表 内部审计师协会 管理会计师协会 整合性 内部审计 内部控制结构 国内收入署 内部使用者 管理会计 投资回报 投资报酬 证券交易委员会 现金流量表 财务状况表 税务会计 会计等式 勾稽关系 资产 企业个体 股本 公司
债权人 通货紧缩 批露 费用 财务报表 筹资活动 持续经营假设 通货膨涨 投资活动 负债 负现金流量 经营活动 所有者权益 合伙企业 正现金流量 留存利润 收入 独资企业 清偿能力 稳定货币假设 股东 股东权益 门面粉饰 财会名词汉英对照表（1）会计与会计理论会计 决策人 投资人 股东 债权人 财务会计 管理会计 成本会计 私业会计 公众会计 注册会计师 国际会计准则委员会美国注册会计师协会财务会计准则委员会管理会计协会 美国会计学会 税务稽核署 独资企业
公司 会计目标 会计假设 会计要素 会计原则 会计实务过程 财务报表 财务分析 会计主体假设 货币计量假设 持续经营假设（） 会计分期假设 资产 负债 业主权益 收入 费用 收益 亏损 历史成本原则 收入实现原则 配比原则 全面披露原则（） 客观性原则 一致性原则 可比性原则 重大性原则 稳健性原则 权责发生制 现金收付制 财务报告 流动资产 流动负债 长期负债 投入资本 留存收益 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ （2）会计循环 会计循环 会计信息系统 帐户 会计科目
常用会计英语词汇 基本词汇 A (1)account 账户,报表 A (2)accounting postulate 会计假设 A (3)accounting valuation 会计计价 A (4)accountability concept 经营责任概念 A (5)accountancy 会计职业 A (6)accountant 会计师 A (7)accounting 会计 A (8)agency cost 代理成本 A (9)accounting bases 会计基础 A (10)accounting manual 会计手册 A (11)accounting period 会计期间 A (12)accounting policies 会计方针 A (13)accounting rate of return 会计报酬率 A (14)accounting reference date 会计参照日 A (15)accounting reference period 会计参照期间 A (16)accrual concept 应计概念 A (17)accrual expenses 应计费用 A (18)acid test ratio 速动比率(酸性测试比率) A (19)acquisition 收购 A (20)acquisition accounting 收购会计 A (21)adjusting events 调整事项 A (22)administrative expenses 行政管理费 A (23)amortization 摊销 A (24)analytical review 分析性复核 A (25)annual equivalent cost 年度等量成本法 A (26)annual report and accounts 年度报告和报表 A (27)appraisal cost 检验成本 A (28)appropriation account 盈余分配账户 A (29)articles of association 公司章程细则 A (30)assets 资产 A (31)assets cover 资产担保 A (32)asset value per share 每股资产价值 A (33)associated company 联营公司 A (34)attainable standard 可达标准 A (35)attributable profit 可归属利润 A (36)audit 审计 A (37)audit report 审计报告 A (38)auditing standards 审计准则 A (39)authorized share capital 额定股本 A (40)available hours 可用小时 A (41)avoidable costs 可避免成本 B (42)back-to-back loan 易币贷款 B (43)backflush accounting 倒退成本计算B (44)bad debts 坏帐 B (45)bad debts ratio 坏帐比率 B (46)bank charges 银行手续费 B (47)bank overdraft 银行透支 B (48)bank reconciliation 银行存款调节表 B (49)bank statement 银行对账单 B (50)bankruptcy 破产 B (51)basis of apportionment 分摊基础 B (52)batch 批量 B (53)batch costing 分批成本计算 B (54)beta factor B (市场)风险因素B B (55)bill 账单 B (56)bill of exchange 汇票 B (57)bill of lading 提单 B (58)bill of materials 用料预计单 B (59)bill payable 应付票据 B (60)bill receivable 应收票据 B (61)bin card 存货记录卡 B (62)bonus 红利 B (63)book-keeping 薄记 B (64)Boston classification 波士顿分类 B (65)breakeven chart 保本图 B (66)breakeven point 保本点 B (67)breaking-down time 复位时间 B (68)budget 预算 B (69)budget center 预算中心 B (70)budget cost allowance 预算成本折让 B (71)budget manual 预算手册 B (72)budget period 预算期间 B (73)budgetary control 预算控制 B (74)budgeted capacity 预算生产能力 B (75)business center 经营中心 B (76)business entity 营业个体 B (77)business unit 经营单位 B (78)by-product 副产品 C (79)called-up share capital 催缴股本 C (80)capacity 生产能力 C (81)capacity ratios 生产能力比率 C (82)capital 资本 C (83)capital assets pricing model 资本资产计价模式C (84)capital commitment 承诺资本 C (85)capital employed 已运用的资本 C (86)capital expenditure 资本支出 C (87)capital expenditure authorization 资本支出核准C (88)capital expenditure control 资本支出控制 C (89)capital expenditure proposal 资本支出申请
会计专业专业术语中英文对照 一、会计与会计理论 会计 accounting 决策人 Decision Maker 投资人 Investor 股东 Shareholder 债权人 Creditor 财务会计 Financial Accounting 管理会计 Management Accounting 成本会计 Cost Accounting 私业会计 Private Accounting 公众会计 Public Accounting 注册会计师 CPA Certified Public Accountant 国际会计准则委员会 IASC 美国注册会计师协会 AICPA 财务会计准则委员会 FASB 管理会计协会 IMA 美国会计学会 AAA 税务稽核署 IRS 独资企业 Proprietorship 合伙人企业 Partnership 公司 Corporation
会计目标 Accounting Objectives 会计假设 Accounting Assumptions 会计要素 Accounting Elements 会计原则 Accounting Principles 会计实务过程 Accounting Procedures 财务报表 Financial Statements 财务分析Financial Analysis 会计主体假设 Separate-entity Assumption 货币计量假设 Unit-of-measure Assumption 持续经营假设 Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption 会计分期假设 Time-period Assumption 资产 Asset 负债 Liability 业主权益 Owner's Equity 收入 Revenue 费用 Expense 收益 Income 亏损 Loss 历史成本原则 Cost Principle 收入实现原则 Revenue Principle 配比原则 Matching Principle
完整英文版资产负债表、利润表及现金流量表来源：冯硕的日志 资产负债表Balance Sheet 项目ITEM 货币资金Cash 短期投资Short term investments 应收票据Notes receivable 应收股利Dividend receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收帐款Accounts receivable 其他应收款Other receivables 预付帐款Accounts prepaid 期货保证金Future guarantee 应收补贴款Allowance receivable 应收出口退税Export drawback receivable 存货Inventories 其中：原材料Including:Raw materials 产成品(库存商品) Finished goods 待摊费用Prepaid and deferred expenses 待处理流动资产净损失Unsettled G/L on current assets 一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debenture investment falling due in a yaear 其他流动资产Other current assets 流动资产合计Total current assets 长期投资：Long-term investment： 其中:长期股权投资Including long term equity investment 长期债权投资Long term securities investment *合并价差Incorporating price difference 长期投资合计Total long-term investment 固定资产原价Fixed assets-cost 减：累计折旧Less:Accumulated Dpreciation 固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value 减：固定资产减值准备Less:Impairment of fixed assets 固定资产净额Net value of fixed assets 固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets 工程物资Project material 在建工程Construction in Progress 待处理固定资产净损失Unsettled G/L on fixed assets 固定资产合计Total tangible assets 无形资产Intangible assets 其中:土地使用权Including and use rights 递延资产（长期待摊费用）Deferred assets 其中:固定资产修理Including:Fixed assets repair 固定资产改良支出Improvement expenditure of fixed assets 其他长期资产Other long term assets
常用会计分录和会计词汇中英文对照表 一、短期借款： 1、借入短期借款： 借：银行存款 贷：短期借款 2、按月计提利息： 借：财务费用 贷：应付利息 3、季末支付银行存款利息： 借：财务费用 应付利息 贷：银行存 款 4、到期偿还短期借款本金： 借：短期借款 贷：银行存款 二、应付票据： 1、开出应付票据： 借：材料采购/库存商品 应交税费——应交增值税（进项税额）贷：应付票据 银行承兑汇票手续费： 借：财务费用
2、应付票据到期支付票款： 借：应付票据 贷：银行存款 3、转销无力支付的银行承兑汇票票款： 借：应付票据 贷：短期借款 三、应付账款： 1、发生应付账款： 借：材料采购/库存商品/在途物资/生产成本/管理费用/制造费用 应交税费——应交增值税（进项税额） 贷：应付账款 2、偿还应付账款： 借：应付账款 贷：银行存款/应付票据 3、因在折扣期内付款获得的现金折扣偿付应付账款时冲减财务费用：借：应付账款 财务费用 贷：银行存款 4、转销确实无法支付的应付账款： 借：应付账款 贷：营业外收入——其他 四、预收账款： 1、收到预收账款： 借：银行存款
2、收到剩余货款： 借：预收账款 贷：主营业务收入 应交税费——应交增值税（销项税额） 借：银行存款 贷：预收账款 3、预收账款不多的企业，将预收款项记入“应收账款”贷方收到预付款项： 借：银行存款 贷：应收账款 收到剩余货款： 借：应收账款 贷：主营业务收入 应交税费——应交增值税（销项税额） 借：银行存款 贷：应收账款 五、应付职工薪酬： 1、确认职工薪酬： （1）货币性职工薪酬： 借：生产成本——基本生产车间成本（产品生产人员工资）制造费用（车间管理人员工资） 劳务成本（生产部门人员工资） 管理费用（管理人员工资） 销售费用（销售人员工资）
财务术语中英文对照大全，财务人必备！ 2015-05-28注册会计师注册会计师 知道“会计”的英语怎么说吗？不会？那可真够无语的额！ 想要进入外资企业做会计？想要进入四大会计师事务所工作？好的英语水平是必不可少的！所以小编特地整理了财务数中英文大全，赶紧从基础英语学起，拿起笔做好笔记吧！ 增加见识也好，装装逼也行。 目录 一、会计与会计理论 二、会计循环 三、现金与应收账款 四、存货 五、长期投资 六、固定资产 七、无形资产
八、流动负债 九、长期负债 十、业主权益 十一、财务报表 十二、财务状况变动表 十三、财务报表分析 十四、合并财务报表 十五、物价变动中的会计计量 一、会计与会计理论 会计accounting 决策人Decision Maker 投资人Investor 股东Shareholder 债权人Creditor 财务会计Financial Accounting 管理会计Management Accounting 成本会计Cost Accounting
私业会计Private Accounting 公众会计Public Accounting 注册会计师CPA Certified Public Accountant 国际会计准则委员会IASC 美国注册会计师协会AICPA 财务会计准则委员会FASB 管理会计协会IMA 美国会计学会AAA 税务稽核署IRS 独资企业Proprietorship 合伙人企业Partnership 公司Corporation 会计目标Accounting Objectives 会计假设Accounting Assumptions 会计要素Accounting Elements 会计原则Accounting Principles 会计实务过程Accounting Procedures 财务报表Financial Statements 财务分析Financial Analysis 会计主体假设Separate-entity Assumption 货币计量假设Unit-of-measure Assumption 持续经营假设Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption
关于会计的英文词汇(doc 20页)
编报表to prepare a statement 编制预算budget making; preparing a budget 变产损失loss on realization of assets 变动成本variable cost 标价bid price 标准成本standard cost 拨定材料appropriated material 拨款appropriation; appropriation money 会计 (3) 所属分类：总目录 >> 经济·贸易 >> 财经 补偿reimbursement 补助金grants-in-aid 不动产real estate; immovable property 不敷用inadequacy 不敷预算垫款deficiency advance; budgetary deficiency advance 不活动帐inactive account; dormant account 不请假奖金bonus for not taking a leave of absence 不适用的obsolete 簿记bookkeeping 簿记员bookkeeper 材料分类帐supplies ledger 材料管理费material handling expenses 材料盘存material inventory 财产分类帐property ledger 财产价值增减表schedule of increase & decrease in property value 财产目录inventory 财产帐property account 财务报告financial report; financial statement 财务收益financial income 财务帐目financial accounts 会计 (4) 所属分类：总目录 >> 经济·贸易 >> 财经 残料价值junk value 仓耗shrinkage 仓库warehouse 差额balance 拆毁demolition 产量capacity 偿债基金收益income from sinking fund 超出预算to exceed the budget 成本cost; basic cost 成本分类帐cost ledger 成本会计cost accounting 成本计算表cost statement
1．The accounting equation and the balance sheet Accounting 会计 Assets 资产 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bookkeeping 笔记 Budget 预算表 Capital 资本 Creditor 应付账款 Debtor 应收账款 Equity 股东基金 Horizontal balance sheet 横式资产负债表 Liabilities 负债 V ertical balance sheets 竖式资产负债表 2．The double entry system for assets, liabilities and capital Account 帐户 Credit 借方 Debit 贷方 Double entry bookkeeping 复式笔记 3 The asset of stock Purchases 购
Returns inwards 销货退回 Returns outwards 购货退出 Sales 销货 4 The effect of profit or loss on capital and the double entry system for expenses and revenues Drawings 提取 Expenses 费用 Profit 利润 Revenues 收入 5 Balancing off accounts Balancing the account 平帐 6 The trial balance Trial balance 试算表 7 Trading and profit and loss account: an introduction Gross loss 毛损 Gross profit 毛利润 Net loss 纯损 Net profit 纯利
一、企业财务会计报表封面 FINANCIAL REPORT COVER 报表所属期间之期末时间点 Period Ended 所属月份 Reporting Period 报出日期 Submit Date 记账本位币币种 Local Reporting Currency 审核人 Verifier 填表人 Preparer 二、资产负债表 Balance Sheet 资产 Assets 流动资产 Current Assets 货币资金 Bank and Cash 短期投资 Current Investment 一年内到期委托贷款 Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减：一年内到期委托贷款减值准备 Less: Impairment for Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减：短期投资跌价准备 Less: Impairment for current investment 短期投资净额 Net bal of current investment 应收票据 Notes receivable 应收股利 Dividend receivable 应收利息 Interest receivable 应收账款 Account receivable 减：应收账款坏账准备 Less: Bad debt provision for Account receivable 应收账款净额 Net bal of Account receivable 其他应收款 Other receivable 减：其他应收款坏账准备 Less: Bad debt provision for Other receivable 其他应收款净额 Net bal of Other receivable 预付账款 Prepayment 应收补贴款 Subsidy receivable 存货 Inventory 减：存货跌价准备 Less: Provision for Inventory 存货净额 Net bal of Inventory 已完工尚未结算款 Amount due from customer for contract work 待摊费用 Deferred Expense 一年内到期的长期债权投资 Long-term debt investment due within one year 一年内到期的应收融资租赁款 Finance lease receivables due within
一.专业术语 Accelerated Depreciation Method 计算折旧时，初期所提的折旧大于后期各年。加速折旧法主要包括余额递减折旧法 declining balance depreciation，双倍余额递减折旧法 double declining balance depreciation，年限总额折旧法 sum of the years' depreciation Account 科目，帐户 Account format 帐户式 Account payable 应付帐款 Account receivable 应收帐款 Accounting cycle 会计循环，指按顺序进行记录，归类，汇总和编表的全过程。在连续的会计期间周而复始的循环进行 Accounting equation 会计等式：资产= 负债+ 业主权益 Accounts receivable turnover 应收帐款周转率：一个时期的赊销净额/ 应收帐款平均余额 Accrual basis accounting 应记制，债权发生制：以应收应付为计算基础，以确定本期收益与费用的一种方式。凡应属本期的收益于费用，不论其款项是否以收付，均作为本期收益和费用处理。 Accrued dividend 应计股利 Accrued expense 应记费用：指本期已经发生而尚未支付的各项费用。 Accrued revenue 应记收入 Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧 Acid-test ratio 酸性试验比率，企业速动资产与流动负债的比率，又称quick ratio Acquisition cost 购置成本 Adjusted trial balance 调整后试算表，指已作调整分录但尚未作结账分录的试算表。 Adjusting entry 调整分录：在会计期末所做的分录，将会计期内因某些原因而未曾记录或未适当记录的会计事项予以记录入帐。 Adverse 应收帐款的帐龄分类 Aging of accounts receivable 应收帐款的帐龄分类 Allocable 应分配的 Allowance for bad debts 备抵坏帐 Allowance for depreciation 备抵折旧 Allowance for doubtful accounts 呆帐备抵 Allowance for uncollectible accounts 呆帐备抵 Allowance method 备抵法：用备抵帐户作为各项资产帐户的抵销帐户，以使交易的费用与收入相互配合的方法。 Amortization 摊销,清偿 Annuity due 期初年金 Annuity method 年金法 Appraisal method 估价法 Asset 资产 Bad debt 坏帐 Bad debt expense 坏帐费用：将坏帐传人费用帐户，冲销应收帐款 Balance sheet 资产负债表 Bank discount 银行贴现折价 Bank reconciliation 银行往来调节：企业自身的存款帐户余额和银行对帐单的余额不符时，应对未达帐进行调节。 Bank statement 银行对帐单，银行每月寄给活期存款客户的对帐单，列明存款兑现支票和服务费用。
中国会计制度科目英文对照 应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable 应收帐款Accounts receivable其他应收款Other receivables预付帐款Accounts prepaid 产成品(库存商品) Finished goods 待摊费用Prepaid and deferred expenses 待处理流动资产净损失Unsettled G/L on current assets 一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debenture investment falling due in a year 长期投资：Long-term investment： 其中:长期股权投资Including: Long term equity investment 长期债权投资Long term securities investment 固定资产原价Fixed assets-cost 固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value 减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment of fixed assets 固定资产净额Net value of fixed assets固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets 工程物资Project material 在建工程Construction in Progress 待处理固定资产净损失Unsettled G/L on fixed assets 其中:土地使用权Including: Land use rights 递延资产（长期待摊费用）Deferred assets 其中:固定资产修理Including: Fixed assets repair 其他长期资产Other long term assets 无形及其他资产合计Total intangible assets and other assets 递延税款借项Deferred assets debits 应付票款Notes payable 应付帐款Accounts payab1e预收帐款Advances from customers 应付工资Accrued payro1l应付福利费Welfare payable应付利润(股利) Profits payab1e 应交税金T axes payable其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors 预提费用Provision for expenses预计负债Accrued liabilities 一年内到期的长期负债Long term liabilities due within one year 其他流动负债Other current liabilities长期借款Long-term loans payable 应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款long-term accounts payable 长期负债合计Total long term liabilities 递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit * 少数股东权益Minority interests 实收资本(股本) Subscribed Capital国家资本National capital 集体资本Collective capital法人资本Legal person's capital 其中:国有法人资本Including: State-owned legal person's capital 集体法人资本Collective legal person's capital个人资本Personal capital 外商资本Foreign businessmen's capital 资本公积Capital surplus 盈余公积surplus reserve 其中:法定盈余公积Including: statutory surplus reserve 公益金public welfare fund 补充流动资本Supplementary current capital * 未确认的投资损失（以“-”号填列）Unaffirmed investment loss 未分配利润Retained earnings 所有者权益合计T otal shareholder's equity
Chapter 1 Special purpose financial statement 专用财务报表 A financial statement designed to meet the needs of a specific group or to satisfy a specific purpose. Specific,具体的；特定的，特殊的 General purpose financial statement 一般财务报表 Financial statements that comply with conceptual framework requirements and accounting standards and meet the information needs common to users who are unable to command the preparation of financial statements tailored specially to satisfy all their information needs. comply with,遵守；服从 conceptual framework,基本概念，概念框架 command,指挥，控制，命令 tailored, adj特制的 v （tailor过去式）调整使适应 Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) 澳大利亚证券投资委员会 Body responsible for administering corporation legislation in Australia. It is independent of state ministers or state parliaments and reports
常用会计类英语词汇汇总基本词汇 A (1)account 账户,报表 A (2)accounting postulate 会计假设 A (3)accounting valuation 会计计价 A (4)accountability concept 经营责任概念 A (5)accountancy 会计职业 A (6)accountant 会计师 A (7)accounting 会计 A (8)agency cost 代理成本 A (9)accounting bases 会计基础 A (10)accounting manual 会计手册 A (11)accounting period 会计期间 A (12)accounting policies 会计方针 A (13)accounting rate of return 会计报酬率 A (14)accounting reference date 会计参照日 A (15)accounting reference period 会计参照期间A (16)accrual concept 应计概念 A (17)accrual expenses 应计费用 A (18)acid test ratio 速动比率(酸性测试比率) A (19)acquisition 收购 A (20)acquisition accounting 收购会计 A (21)adjusting events 调整事项 A (22)administrative expenses 行政管理费 A (23)amortization 摊销 A (24)analytical review 分析性复核 A (25)annual equivalent cost 年度等量成本法 A (26)annual report and accounts 年度报告和报表A (27)appraisal cost 检验成本 A (28)appropriation account 盈余分配账户 A (29)articles of association 公司章程细则 A (30)assets 资产 A (31)assets cover 资产担保 A (32)asset value per share 每股资产价值 A (33)associated company 联营公司 A (34)attainable standard 可达标准 A (35)attributable profit 可归属利润 A (36)audit 审计 A (37)audit report 审计报告 A (38)auditing standards 审计准则 A (39)authorized share capital 额定股本 A (40)available hours 可用小时 A (41)avoidable costs 可避免成本 B (42)back-to-back loan 易币贷款
管理会计专业术语词汇大全(英文版)
changes. Batch-level activities Activities that are performed each time a batch is produced. Benchmarking An approach that uses best practices as the standard for evaluating activity performance. Best-fitting line The line that fits a set of data points the best in the sense that the sum of the squared deviations of the data points from the line is the smallest. Binding constraints Constraints whose resources are fully utilized. Break-even point The point where total sales revenue equals total costs; the point of zero profits. Activity output The result or product of an activity. Activity output measure The number of times an activity is performed. It is the quantifiable measure of the output. Activity reduction Decreasing the time and resources required by an activity. Activity selection The process of choosing among sets of activities caused by competing strategies. Activity sharing Increasing the efficiency of necessary activities by using economies of scale. Activity volume variance The cost of the actual activity capacity acquired and the capacity that should be used. Activity-based cost (ABC) system A cost system that first traces costs to activities and then traces costs from activities to products. Activity-based costing (ABC) A cost assignment approach that first uses direct and driver tracing to assign costs to activities and then uses drivers to assign costs to cost objects. Activity-based management (ABM) A systemwide, integrated approach that
外企会计科目英语accountant genaral 会计主任 account balancde 结平的帐户 account bill 帐单 account books 帐 account classification 帐户分类 account current 往来帐 account form of balance sheet 帐户式资产负债表 account form of profit and loss statement 帐户式损益表 account payable 应付帐款 account receivable 应收帐款 account of payments 支出表 account of receipts 收入表 account title 帐户名称，会计科目accounting year 或financial year 会计年度 accounts payable ledger 应付款分类帐Accounting period（会计期间）are related to specific time periods ，typically one year（通常是一年） 资产负债表：balance sheet 可以不大写b 利润表：income statements （or statements of income） 利润分配表：retained earnings 现金流量表：cash flows 1，部门的称谓 市场部Marketing 销售部Sales Department （也有其它讲法，如宝洁公司销售部叫客户生意发展部CBD） 客户服务Customer Service ，例如客服员叫CSR，R for representative 人事部Human Resource 行政部Admin. 财务部Finance & Accounting 产品供应Product Supply，例如产品调度员叫P S Planner 2，人员的称谓 助理Assistant 秘书secretary 前台接待小姐Receptionist 文员clerk ，如会计文员为Accounting Clerk 主任supervisor 经理Manager 总经理GM，General Manager 入场费admission 运费freight 小费tip 学费tuition 价格，代价charge 制造费用Manufacturing overhead 材料费Materials 管理人员工资Executive Salaries 奖金Wages 退职金Retirement allowance 补贴Bonus 外保劳务费Outsourcing fee 福利费Employee benefits/welfare 会议费Coferemce 加班餐费Special duties 市内交通费Business traveling 通讯费Correspondence 电话费Correspondence 水电取暖费Water and Steam 税费Taxes and dues 租赁费Rent 管理费Maintenance 车辆维护费Vehicles maintenance 油料费Vehicles maintenance 培训费Education and training 接待费Entertainment 图书、印刷费Books and printing 运费Transpotation 保险费Insurance premium 支付手续费Commission 杂费Sundry charges 折旧费Depreciation expense 机物料消耗Article of consumption 劳动保护费Labor protection fees 总监Director 总会计师Finance Controller 高级Senior 如高级经理为Senior Manager 营业费用Operating expenses 代销手续费Consignment commission charge 运杂费Transpotation 保险费Insurance premium 展览费Exhibition fees 广告费Advertising fees 管理费用Adminisstrative expenses 职工工资Staff Salaries 修理费Repair charge 低值易耗摊销Article of consumption 办公费Office allowance 差旅费Travelling expense 工会经费Labour union expenditure 研究与开发费Research and development expense 福利费Employee benefits/welfare 职工教育经费Personnel education 待业保险费Unemployment insurance 劳动保险费Labour insurance