考研英语时文阅读:Burnished
Up goes gold, down goes the dollar
Most economists hate gold. Not, you understand, that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find the reverence in which many hold the metal almost irrational. That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isn't any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity.
So why is its price soaring? Over the past week, this has topped $450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the beginning of the year and 77% since April 2001. Ah, comes the reply, gold transactions are denominated in dollars, and the rise in the price simply reflects the dollar's fall in terms of other currencies, especially the euro, against which it hit a new low this week. Expressed in euros, the gold price has moved much less. However, there is no iron link, as it were, between the value of the dollar and the value of gold. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its unit of account.
This is where gold bulls come in. The fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. With a few longish rallies, the greenback has been on a downward trend since it came off the gold standard in 1971. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make them worth less.
The striking exception to this extra demand comes from central banks, which would like to sell some of the gold they already have. As a legacy of the days when their currencies were backed by the metal, central banks still hold one-fifth of the world's gold. Last month the Bank of France said it would sell 500 tonnes in coming years. But big sales by central banks can cause the price to plunge--as when the Bank of England sold 395 tonnes between 1999 and 2002. The result was an agreement between central banks to co-ordinate and limit future sales.
If the price of gold marches higher, this agreement will presumably be ripped up, although a dollar crisis might make central banks think twice about switching into paper money. Will the overhang of central-bank gold drag the price down again? Not necessarily. As James Grant, gold bug and publisher of Grant's Interest Rate Observer, a newsletter, points out, in recent years the huge glut of government debt has not stopped a sharp rise in its price.
注(1)：本文选自Economist;12/4/2004, p76-76, 1/3p;
注(2)：本文习题命题模仿2000年真题text 4第3题(1)，2001年真题text 4第2题(2)，text 1第2题(3)，2002年真题text 2第2题(4)和text 5第3题(5);
1.In economists’eyes, gold is something__________.
[A] they look down upon
that can be exchanged in the market
[C] worth people’s reverence
[D] that should be replaced by other forms of money
2.According to the author, one of the reasons for the rising of gold price is___________.
[A] the increasing demand for gold
the depreciation of the euro
[C] the link between the dollar and gold
[D] the increment of the value of the dollar
3.We can infer from the third paragraph that_________.
[A] the decline of the dollar is inevitable
America benefits from the depreciation of the dollar
[C] the depreciation of the dollar is good news to other currencies
[D] investment in the dollar yields more returns than that in gold
4. The phrase “ripped up”(Line 1, Paragraph 5) most probably means__________.
[A] strengthened
broadened
[C] renegotiated
[D] torn up
5.According to the passage, the rise of gold price__________.
[A] will not last long
will attract some central banks to sell gold
[C] will impel central banks to switch into paper money
[D] will lead to a dollar crisis
答案：B A B D B
篇章剖析
本篇文章采用了提出问题-分析问题的模式，分析了金价上涨，美元下跌的经济态势。第一段说明黄金是一种商品;第二段分析了金价上涨的原因：金价的上涨反映了需求的增加以及计价单位的贬值;第三段美元下跌的原因;第四段分析了各国央行的反应;最后一段对金价继续上扬可能带来的影响进行了分析。
词汇注释
reverence: [5revErEns] n. 崇敬，尊敬
millennia: [mI`lenIE] n. millennium的复数
soaring: [5sC:riN] adj. 剧增的;上升到明显高于正常水平的
troy ounce: n. 金衡制盎司, 金衡
denominate: [di5nCmineit] v. 以…面值发行以某种给定的货币单位发行或表达
euro: [`jJErEJ] n. 欧元
depreciation: [dIpri:FI5eIF(E)n] n. 跌价;贬值
bull: [bul] n. 买空;(做)多头
stink: [stiNk] v. 发出臭味
longish: [5lRNIF] adj. 相当长的
rally: [5rAli] n. (行情、价格等)跌后复升
greenback: [`^ri:nbAk] n. 美钞
tonne: [tQn] n. 公吨(=1,000公斤或称metric ton)
rip up: 斯毁;取消
overhang: [5EuvE5hAN] n. 突出量
难句突破
At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money
backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them.
主体句式：extra demand has come
结构分析：本句是一个复杂句，from这个介词所引导的状语中包含一个who 引导的定语从句，一个插入语，主句之后是一个because引导的原因状语从句。nothing more than的意思是“只不过，仅仅”。
句子译文：在此下跌情况下，导致金价上扬的额外需求来自于那些认为美元---或者任何一种依靠抑制通胀的许诺来支撑的货币—无疑是一种高风险投资的人，主要因为美国拥有美元这一世界储备货币，而且一直能够制造和借来很多美元。
题目分析
1. 答案为B，属事实细节题。文章第一段提到经济学家不喜欢黄金的原因是人们对黄金缺乏理性的崇拜。在他们看来，黄金只不过是一种商品，也就是可以在市场交换的东西。
2. 答案为A，属事实细节题。文章第二段分析了金价上涨的两个主要原因：金价用美元表示，而美元相对于其他货币贬值了;市场对黄金需求的增加。
3. 答案为B，属推理判断题。根据文章第三段，美国因为拥有世界储备货币，而且一直能够制造和借来很多美元。要偿还这些美元，最不费力的方式就是让美元贬值。可见，美元贬值对美国是有益无害的事情。
4. 答案为D，属猜词题。根据文章第四段，为了防止出现一国央行大量抛售黄金导致金价下跌的情况，各国央行达成协议，协调和限制今后的黄金销售。如果金价持续上涨，很可能一些央行会再次抛售黄金(文中提到法国央行出售黄金的决定)，那样各国央行之间的协议就会被破坏。因此，根据上下文，“ripped up”最有可能的意思就是“torn up”(撕毁)。
5. 答案为B，属推理判断题。根据文章第四段，在许多买家大量买入黄金的同时，许多央行却打算将他们囤积的黄金出售。文章第五段说，如果金价继续上扬，各国央行之间的“限制和协调未来黄金销售”的协议将会被打破，也就是说金价的上涨会吸引各国央行出售黄金。
参考译文
大多数经济学家都讨厌黄金。要知道，这可不是因为他们瞧不起一两块金条，而是因为他们发现许多人对这种金属的崇敬几乎到了毫无理性的地步。这与它被用作千禧年的货币并无关系：那已经是昨日黄花了。现代货币采用的是纸币的形式，或者，更多时候，采用的是电子数据的形式。对经济学家来说，黄金现在只是另外一种商品。
那么为什么金价会大幅上涨呢?在过去一周里，每金衡(1金衡约31.1025克)的价格达到了450美元，比年初上涨了9%，而比2001年4月则上涨了77%。啊，答案来了，黄金交易是以美元来计数的，价格的上涨只是反映了美元对其他货币的比价，尤其是对欧元比价的下跌，而本周美元对欧元的比价又创新低。用欧元计数的话，金价的波动要小得多。然而，美元价值和黄金价值之间似乎并没有固定联系。像其他任何东西一样，金价的上涨反映了需求的增加以及计价单位的贬值。
因此就出现了黄金买空。美元的下跌之所以重要主要是因为作为一种价值储存手段美钞可谓臭名昭著。自从1971年美元脱离金本位，就一直处于跌势，其间只有为数不多的几次跌后复升。这一次下跌的跌幅更大。在此下跌情况下，导致金价上扬的额外需求来自于那些认为美元---或者任何一种依靠抑制通胀的许诺来支撑的货币—无疑是一种高风险投资的人，主要因为美国拥有美元这一世界储备货币，而且一直能够制造和借来很多美元。要偿还这些美元，最不费力的方式就是让美元贬值。
各国中央银行的反应跟这种额外需求正好形成鲜明对照。这些银行都想把手里的黄金卖掉一些。以前各国货币都依靠这种金属，历史继承的结果就是各国中央银行的黄金储量是世界黄金总量的五分之一。上个月，法国中央银行宣布即将在未来几年出售500吨黄金。不过中央银行大量出售黄金会导致金价猛跌--- 1999年至2002年之间英格兰银行出售395吨黄金时就发生过这种情况。其结果是各国央行达成协议，协调限制今后的销售。
如果金价继续上扬，这个协议就会被破坏，虽然一场美元危机会让各国央行在转向纸币经营问题上慎之又慎。那么央行所储备的大量黄金是否会将金价再次拉下来呢?那倒不一定。正如黄金迷，时事通讯《格兰特利率观察家》的出版人詹姆斯·格兰特所指出的，最近几年政府的巨额债务并未阻止金价的大幅上涨。
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考研英语阅读文章的几大组织结构 来源:文都图书 对于一篇英文文章来说,不管是英文说明文或是议论文,无论其看上去有多复杂,每篇文章都有其写作的目的性,为了达到写作的目的,考研英语阅读文章一般采用特定的写作方式,我们如果想读懂这篇文章,那么必须了解这篇文章的组织结构,我们一起来学习一下英人生中最幸福的就是身体健康 语阅读文章的几大组织结构吧。 一、层层递进型 全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如in addition to， furthermore， moreover 等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。 二、一枝独秀型 全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。 三、花开两朵型 文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。 四、现象--解释型 在现象--解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题;在文
章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。 五、问题--解决方案型 在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。 除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有： 1.引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。 2.抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首段的最后一句话或第二段的首句。 3.假装客观。作者开始不说出自己的观点，貌似客观地陈述各派观点，最后才表达自己的观点。在确定作者态度的时候，主要根据所举的例子进行判断。如果例子表现一种正面态度，说明作者对这一事物持正评价;反之持负评价。 总之，对于一篇完整的英文说明文或者议论文来说，不论其形式看上去有多么复杂多样，但是套用一句老话："万变不离其宗"即文章都遵循了特定的篇章结构模式，在这些模式中采用频率最高的是"现象-解释型"型模式。这种模式的特点即提出问题(提出说明的事物或者现象)、分析问题(对事物或者现象进行说明)、解决问题(对说明的事物或者现象进行总结)。可见，如果我们熟悉了文章的篇章结构模式特点，对读懂文章和把握主题帮助极大，一般来说，我们阅读文章的目的是为了获取信息。文章体裁不同，其结构特点就会各异。因此，我们获取信息的最有效方法之一就是去学习和了解文章的结构，以便更加准确、快速地定位我们要找的信息。此外，英语的阅读能力不是一蹴而就的，需要我们日积月累的积累学习，我们每天要计划好阅读量，习题量，并且要持之以恒的坚持，如果同学们，手头没有合适的资料的话，可以看一下何凯文的2017《考研英语阅读同源外刊时文精析》，这本书与考研阅读真题是同源文章，相信对我们应对实
考研英语阅读文章结构特点分析 对于一篇完整的英文说明文或者议论文来说，不论其形式看上去有多么复杂多样，但是每个作者都有自己的写作目的。为了达到写作目的，一般考研阅读的文章都是采取特定的篇章结构模式，仔细分析历年考研阅读理解的篇章结构特点，发现命题人在编排文章时通常采用五种结构模式。 一、层层递进型 全文论述从抽象到具体，从简单到复杂，文章开始是对有关主题的一般介绍，然后一步一步将主题具体化。这类文章的各段开始常出现表示递进关系的副词，如inadditionto，furthermore，moreover等，文章的主题一般可以通过综合各段首句得出。 二、一枝独秀型 全文围绕一个核心概念展开，文章围绕着这个概念、中心思想或者现象，从各个方面进行分析和解释说明，最后对文章进行总结，并再一次对该概念、中心思想进行阐述。 三、花开两朵型 文章开始提出两个核心概念，随后分段论述。把握这种文章的关键是注意这两个核心概念的定义，以及它们的区别和联系。这种结构分为两类，一种是两个概念是并列的，另一种是两个概念形成对比，对于后一种文章要注意两个概念之间的区别，以及作者对各自的态度。 四、现象--解释型 在现象--解释型的文章中，作者在文章开始给出一个现象，相当于提出一个问题，然后对现象进行解释或分析现象或问题产生的原因，存在的因数以及可能解决方案，作者可能提到几个不同的解决方案，但是之后作者自己认可的那种解决方案才是文章的重点和主题；在文章最后对现象或问题进行总结说明并进一步强调作者支持的那种解决办法。 五、问题--解决方案型 在这类文章中，作者首先提出一个问题，然后针对这一问题给出解决方案。如果有多个解决方案，作者认可的才是主题。 除了文章结构外，对于报刊杂志体文章时文的一般特点也应有所了解，因为这种文章在考研阅读中占有极大比重。报刊杂志体文章的主要特点有： 1．引人入胜。通常以一个有趣或吸引人的故事或背景开始。 2．抛砖引玉。讲故事或交代背景的目的在于引出主题。所以，时文的主题常出现于首
考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(15) To paraphrase18th-century statesman Edmund Burke,“all that is neededfor the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing。”One suchcause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animalshave rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respondforcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the publicand thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of theanimal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on publicfunding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearingallegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed thatanyone would deliberately harm an animal。 For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights boothat a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers notto use anything that comes from or is animals—no meat , no fur, nomedicines, Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccinescome from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I wouldhave to say yes。” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “ Don’t worry,scientists will find some way of using computers。” Such well-meaningpe ople just don’t understand。 Scientists must communicate their message to the public in
考研备考英语时文阅读:Burnished Up goes gold, down goes the dollar Most economists hate gold. Not, you understand, that they would turn up their noses at a bar or two. But they find the reverence in which many hold the metal almost irrational. That it was used as money for millennia is irrelevant: it isn't any more. Modern money takes the form of paper or, more often, electronic data. To economists, gold is now just another commodity. So why is its price soaring? Over the past week, this has topped $450 a troy ounce, up by 9% since the beginning of the year and 77% since April 2001. Ah, comes the reply, gold transactions are denominated in dollars, and the rise in the price simply reflects the dollar's fall in terms of other currencies, especially the euro, against which it hit a new low this week. Expressed in euros, the gold price has moved much less. However, there is no iron link, as it were, between the value of the dollar and the value of gold. A rising price of gold, like that of anything else, can reflect an increase in demand as well as a depreciation of its unit of account. This is where gold bulls come in. The fall in the dollar is important, but mainly because as a store of value the dollar stinks. With a few longish rallies, the greenback has been on a downward trend since it came off the gold standard in 1971. Now it is suffering one of its sharper declines. At the margin, extra demand has come from those who think dollars--indeed any money backed by nothing more than promises to keep inflation low--a decidedly risky investment, mainly because America, with the world's reserve currency, has been able to create and borrow so many of them. The least painful way of repaying those dollars is to make them worth less. The striking exception to this extra demand comes from central banks, which would like to sell some of the gold they already have. As a legacy of the days when their currencies were backed by the metal, central banks still hold one-fifth of the world's gold. Last month the Bank of France said it would sell 500 tonnes in coming years. But big sales by central banks can cause the price to plunge--as when the Bank of England sold 395 tonnes between 1999 and 2002. The result was an agreement between central banks to co-ordinate and limit future sales. If the price of gold marches higher, this agreement will presumably be ripped up, although a dollar crisis might make central banks think twice about switching into paper money. Will the overhang of central-bank gold drag the price down again? Not necessarily. As James Grant, gold bug and publisher of Grant's Interest Rate Observer, a newsletter, points out, in recent years the huge glut of government debt has not stopped a sharp rise in its price. 注(1)：本文选自Economist;12/4/2004, p76-76, 1/3p; 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿2000年真题text 4第3题(1)，2001年真题text 4第2题(2)，text 1第2题(3)，2002年真题text 2第2题(4)和text 5第3题(5); 1.In economists’eyes, gold is something__________. [A] they look down upon that can be exchanged in the market
英语时文阅读（一） IMF head on suicide watch in New York City jail NEW YORK –The maid came from one of the world's poorest countries to the U. S., working to support the teen daughter she raised alone. To her, the penthouse s uite at the Sofitel Hotel was just another empty room to clean. She says she had no idea there was a man inside or that he was a famous Fren ch politician. She says he was naked, chased her down and tried to rape her. The man, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, remained jailed under a suicide watch Wednes day as a lawyer for the woman sought to rebut whispered allegations that her char ges were a conspiracy and a setup. Calls intensified for the 62-year-old Strauss-Kahn to step down as head of the pow erful International Monetary Fund, with U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner sa ying Strauss-Kahn "is obviously not in a position to run" the agency. Strauss-Kahn was one of France's most high-profile politicians and a potential candi date for president in next year's elections. His arrest on charges including attempte d rape shocked France and cast intense attention on his accuser, a 32-year-old ch ambermaid from the West African nation of Guinea. On Tuesday her lawyer, Jeffrey Shapiro, said he had no doubts his client was telli ng the truth about her encounter with Strauss-Kahn on Saturday. "She came from a country in which poor people had little or no justice, and she's now in a country where the poor have the same rights as do the rich and the po werful," Shapiro said. "What (Strauss-Kahn) might be able to get away with in som e countries, he can't here in this country." Strauss-Kahn's lawyer, Benjamin Brafman, said at his client's arraignment this week that defense lawyers believe the forensic evidence "will not be consistent with a f orcible encounter." But Shapiro dismissed suggestions that the woman had made up the charges or tri ed to cover up a consensual encounter. "This is nothing other than a physical, sexual assault by this man on this young w oman," Shapiro said in an interview in his Manhattan office. He said that the woma
考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(九) 2009-11-06海天教育 The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?" There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy。 I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases。 Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same
2018考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(15) 新东方在线推荐： As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed long ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult: some populations remain roughly constant from year to year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather, and in other cases not. To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have “density-dependent” growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have “density-independent” growth parameters, with vital rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density. This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death, and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-dependent effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly). Put another way, it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard to determine. Yet, whether recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density. In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on
2020考研英语阅读理解常考题型有哪些 来源：智阅网 我们在复习考研英语阅读理解时，我们应该适当总结一些出题规律和解题技巧，这样可以节省我们的做题时间，提高复习效率和成绩。那么，就一起了解常考题型的解题技巧。 一、通读全文，注重理解 阅读理解其实主要考的是"阅读"之后的"理解"。任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。 二、了解题型，把握技巧 阅读理解的问题基本分为五大类：主旨大意题、事实细节题、词汇短语题、推断性问题、语气态度题。 三、提高速度，争分夺秒 大家都知道，仅仅把题选对是不够的，因为考试还有时间的限制。(你就算选对，每篇文章花一个小时那能行吗?!)记住，考试总共180分钟，四篇阅读最多占70～80分钟(即17～20分钟一篇)，其余时间还要写作文、做翻译、英语知识运用等。 在回答考研英语阅读理解时，我们要怎么具体使用这些答题技巧？看看下面的文字，你或许会有答案。 第一，扫描提干，划关键项。 第二，通读全文，抓住中心。 1、通读全文，抓两个重点： ①首段(中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题); ②其他各段的段首和段尾句。(其他部分略读，有重点的读)。 2、抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题： ①文章叙述的主要内容是什么? ②文章中有无提到核心概念? ③作者的大致态度是什么? 第三，仔细审题，返回原文。(仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的
某处建立联系，挂起钩) 定位原则： ①通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)； ②自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题； ③要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。 第四，重叠选项，得出答案。(重叠原文=对照原文) 1.通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。 2.作题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。 常考题型： 1.主旨大意题。这类题实质考察考生对中心思想的理解，难度不高，具体应对技巧如下： A.关注各段落首句，尤其是第一段首句，这与西方人思维相关，他们习惯开门见山表达出自己的观点，然后广泛引用材料去论述。因此，一般而言首段的首句构成文章的中心句，而各段的首句构成各段的中心。 B.关注首段末句。有些作者习惯先列出一些传统的观点或先对一些具体现象进行说明，然后提出与之不同的观点或在结尾对现象进行总结，在接下来的段落中继续论述。对于这类文章，如果作者没有提出不同的观点，则最后总结性语句为文章中心，一旦提出不同或完全对立的观点，又在后文中加以论述，则作者提出的新观点为文章中心;如果新老观点均是对同一个结果的论述，那么该论述的结论为文章中心。 C.当不能直接找出主题句时，通常文章中作者给予叙述较多或强调较多的某一事物或某一观点即文章的中心。在题目作答时，可采用