研究生学位英语真题及详细 Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A
1. A. He refuses to help the woman.
B. He can't handle the equipment by himself.
C. He thinks some other people can do it better.
D. He thinks the equipment is too heavy for the woman.
2. A. His colleagues have contributed a lot.
B. All of his colleagues congratulate him.
C. The award has been given to his colleagues.
D. He doesn't deserve the honor.
3. A. He dislikes Jack's name.
B. He doesn't care who Jack is.
C. He doesn't know Jack well.
D. He dislikes Jack.
4. A. The man is cracking a joke on her.
B. It is impossible to buy a genuine antique for so little money.
C. The man is out of his mind about the old vase.
D. The man has run into a great fortune.
5. A. He can't find a good idea about the problem.
B. He feels hopeless about the project.
C. He has encountered another problem.
D. He is going to give up the project.
6. A. It was worthwhile.
B. It had a very tight schedule.
C. It was a waste of time.
D. It took him too much time on the road.
7. A. It's useless to talk to the professor.
B. The professor is often unfair.
C. The man has done well enough.
D. The man can't be better next time.
8. A. The man should not say things like that.
B. The man should fight back.
C. The man should show his anger openly.
D. The man should not complain openly.
9. A. She was injured in the shoulder.
B. She disliked the people who attended the party.
C. She was laughed at for her behavior.
D. She was unpopular at the party.
Section B
Mini-talk One
10. A. Improving the conditions of farm animals.
B. Increasing the production of farm animals.
C. Regulating the food marketing system.
D. Regulating the food stores and restaurant chains.
11. A. Because they want to save more money.
B. Because they want the hens to lay more eggs.
C. Because they want the hens to grow more lean meat.
D. Because they want to sell the hens at a better price.
12. A. Chickens should be kept in clean places.
B. Pigs should be housed in large metal boxes.
C. Farm animals should be slaughtered in factories.
D. Farm animals should be killed without feeling pain.
Mini-talk Two
13. A. Under the mountains in the state of Nevada.
B. At the power centers in almost forty states.
C. Under the deep ocean.
D. Near the inactive volcanoes.
14. A. People object to burying it at the power centers.
B. The power centers have no more space to store it.
C. It is very dangerous to bury it in populous areas.
D. The new site is the estate of the federal government.
15. A. There are active volcanoes nearby.
B. Some people still live in the area.
C. The area is close to Las Vegas.
D. The area is geographically unsafe.
Section C
16. What percentage of plant and animal species on Earth do rain forests contain?
17. What critical role do rain forests play besides being home to animals and plants?
18. How much has global output of carbon dioxide increased in the past century?
19. To be classified as a rain forest, how should the trees look?
20. How large is the size of the rain forest in South America?
PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )
Section A (0.5 point each)
21. This student was expelled from school because he had forged some documents for overseas study.
A. frustrated
B. formulated
C. fabricated
D. facilitated
22. Opinion polls suggest that the approval rate of the president is on the increase.
A. agreement
B. consensus
C. permission
D. support
23. A man of resolve will not retreat easily from setbacks or significant challenges.
A. pull out
B. pull up
C. pull in
D. pull over
24. As few household appliances are now perfect, this minor defect is negligible.
A. detectable
B. trifling
C. inexcusable
D. magnificent
25. The U.S. athletes topped the gold medal tally for the 3rd straight time this summer.
A. direct
B. proceeding
C. vertical
D. successive
26. Despite tremendous achievement, formidable obstacles to development will persist.
A. difficult
B. sustainable
C. external
D. unpredictable
27. Moderate and regular exercise can boost the rate of blood circulation and metabolism.
A. restrict
B. reduce
C. increase
D. stabilize
28. The manager is seeking some cost-effective methods that can call forth their initiative.
A. efficient
B. conventional C, economical D. unique
29. The report proposes that students be allowed to work off their debt through community service.
A. pay off
B. get off
C. dispose of
D. run off
30. It was a tragic love affair that only gave rise to pain.
A. brought forward
B. brought about
C. brought down
D. brought in
Section B (0.5 point each)
31. As females in their 40s tend to ______ weight, they are to go in for outdoor activities.
A. take on
B. hold on
C. carry on
D. put on
32. The shop-owner took a loaf of ______-crusted bread and handed it to the child.
A. fragile
B. crisp
C. vague
D. harsh
33. The excessive hospitality______ the local officials failed to leave us assured.
A. on the point of
B. on the grounds of
C. on the advice of
D. on the part of
34. These intelligence officers tried a ______ of persuasion and force to get the information they wanted.
A. combination
B. collaboration
C. conviction
D. confrontation
35. The terminally ill patient lying in the _______ care unit was kept alive on life support.
A. apprehensive
B. intensive
C. extensive
D. comprehensive
36. The very sound of our national anthem being played at the awarding ceremony is ______.
A. ice-breaking
B. eye-catching
C. painstaking
D. soul-touching
37. Leading universities in China prefer to enroll ______ brilliant high school students.
A. intellectually
B. intelligibly
C. intelligently
D. intimately
38. When a heavy vehicle is _______ in the mud, the driver has to ask for help.
A. involved
B. stuck
C. interfered
D. specialized
39. A risk or effect may diminish _______, but it may also increase for some reason.
A. at will
B. over time
C. under way
D. so far
40. It's in your best _____ to quit smoking, for you have some breathing problems.
A. sake
B. benefit
C. advantage
D. interest
PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)
“Techno-stress”--frustration arising from pressure to use new technology--is said to be 41, reports Maclean's magazine of Canada. Studies point to causes that 42 “the never-ending process of learning how to use new technologies to the 43 of work and home life as a result of 44 like e-mail, call-forwarding and wireless phones." How can you cope? Experts recommend setting 45 . Determine whether using a particular device will really simplify life or merely add new 46 . Count on having to invest time to learn a new technology well enough to realize its full benefits. “ 47 time each day to turn the technology off,” and devote time to other things afforded or deserving 48 attention. “People start the day by making the 49 mistake of opening their e-mail, instead of working to a plan,” notes Vancouver productivity expert Dan Stamp.” The best hour and a half of the day is spent on complete 50 .”
41. A. descending B. narrowing C. mounting D. widening
42. A. pass on B. range from C. deal with D. give up
43. A. confusion B. construction C. contribution D. conduction
44. A. creations B. promotions C. productions D. innovations
45. A. laws B. boundaries C. deadlines D. barriers
46. A. convenience B. advantage C. flexibility D. complexity
47. A. Put forward B. Put across C. Put aside D. Put up
48. A. prior B. major C. senior D. superior
49. A. fragmental B. fictional C. fractional D. fundamental
50. A. relaxation B.entertainment C. rubbish D. hobby
PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)
Passage One
The study of genetics has given rise to a profitable new industry called biotechnology. As the name suggests, it blends biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies, as they are called, specialize in agriculture and are working enthusiastically to patent seeds that give a high yield, that resist disease, drought, and frost, and that reduce the need for hazardous chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most beneficial. But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. "In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain limits," says the book Genetic Engineering, Food, and Our Environment. "A rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, on the other hand, usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another in an attempt to transfer a desired property or character. This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with antifreeze properties from an arctic fish, and joining it into a
potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. It is now possible for plants to be engineered with genes taken from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans." In essence, then, biotechnology allows humans to break the genetic walls that separate species.
Like the green revolution, what some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity--some say even more so because geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and tissue culture, processes that produce perfectly identical copies, or clones. Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new issues, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. “We are flying blindly into a new era of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential outcomes," said science writer Jeremy Rifkin.
51. According to the author, biotech companies are _____________.
A. mostly specialized in agriculture
B. those producing seeds of better properties
C. mainly concerned about the genetically engineered crops
D. likely to have big returns in their business
52. Now biotech products are made _______.
A. within the limits of natural genetics
B. by violating laws of natural genetics
C. without the interference of humans
D. safer than those without the use of biotechnology
53. In nature, genetic diversity is created __________.
A. by mixing different species
B. within the species itself
C. through natural selection
D. through selection or contest
54. Biotechnology has made it possible ___________.
A. for us to solve the food shortage problem in the world
B. for plants to be produced with genes of humans
C. for humans to assume the cold-resistant property
D. to grow crops with the taste of farm animals
55. According to the author, with the development of biotechnology ________.
A. the species of creatures will be reduced
B. our living environment will be better than it is now
C. humans will pay for its side effect
D. we will suffer from fewer and fewer diseases
56. The author's attitude towards genetic engineering can best be described as _________.
A. optimistic
B. pessimistic
C. concerned
D. suspicious
Passage Two
The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.
The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions during this period include French authors Voltaire and Denis Diderot, British philosophers David Hume and Adam Smith, and political theorist Thomas Paine in the United States.
Critics of capital punishment argue that it is cruel and inhumane, while supporters consider it a necessary form of revenge for terrible crimes. Those who advocate the death penalty declare that it is a uniquely effective punishment that prevents crime. However, advocates and opponents of the death penalty dispute the proper interpretation of statistical analyses of its preventing effect. Opponents of capital punishment see the death penalty as a human rights issue involving the proper limits of governmental power. In contrast, those who want governments to continue to execute tend to regard capital punishment as an issue of criminal justice policy. Because of these alternative viewpoints, there is a profound difference of opinion not only about what is the right answer on capital punishment, but also about what type of question is being asked when the death penalty becomes
a public issue.
57. We can learn from the first paragraph that in ancient times ____________.
A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into being
B. people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions
C. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries
D. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel
58. Why was capital punishment questioned in the mid-18th century in Europe?
A. People began to criticize their government.
B. The government was unjust in this period.
C. People began to realize the value of life.
D. social critics were very active at that time.
59. Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria _________.
A. was the first person to question the rightness of death penalty
B. was regarded as an important author criticizing capital punishment
C. was the first person who emphasized the worth of the individuals
D. first raised the theory against capital punishment
60. Critics of capital punishment insist that it ________.
A. violates human rights regulations
B. is an ineffective punishment of the criminals
C. is just the revenge for terrible crimes
D. involves killing without mercy
61. The advocates and opponents of the death penalty_________.
A. agree that it is a human rights issue
B. agree that it can prevent crimes
C. explain its statistical analyses differently
D. think that they are asked different types of questions
62. The author's attitude towards capital punishment can be summarized as _________.
A. supportive
B. critical
C. neutral
D. contradictory
Passage Three
Bears mostly live alone, except for mothers and their babies, and males and females during mating season. Bears form temporary groups only in exceptional circumstances, when food is plentiful in a small area. Recent evidence also suggests that giant pandas may form small social groups, perhaps because bamboo is more concentrated than the patchy food resources of other bear species. Other bears may live alone but exist in a social network. A male and female may live in an area partly shared in common--although they tolerate each other, each defends its range from other bears of the same sex. Male young usually leave their mothers to live in other areas, but female young often live in a range that is commonly shared with that of their mother.
The key to a bear's survival is finding enough food to satisfy the energy demands of its large size. Bears travel over huge territories in search of food, and they remember the details of the landscape they cover. They use their excellent memories to return to locations where they have had success finding food in past years or seasons. Most bears are able to climb trees to chase small animals or gain access to additional plant vegetation. The exceptions are polar bears and large adult brown bears--their heavy weight makes it difficult for them to climb trees.
Bears that live in regions with cold winters spend the coldest part of the year asleep in sheltered dens, including brown bears, American and Asiatic black bears, and female polar bears. Pregnant females give birth in the winter in the protected surroundings of these dens. After fattening up during the summer and fall when food is abundant, the bears go into this winter home to conserve energy during the part of the year when food is scarce. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that a bear is easily aroused from sleep. In addition, a bear's body temperature drops only a few degrees in its winter sleep. In contrast, a true hibernator undergoes more extensive changes in bodily functions. For instance, the body temperature of the Arctic ground squirrel drops from 38°C to as low as -3°C.
63. Most bears live alone because _______________.
A. they don't want to keep a social network
B. each bear feeds on different kinds of food
C. male and female bears can't tolerate each other
D. they don't want other bears to share their food
64. According to the passage, bears of the same sex__________.
A. can get along with each other peacefully
B. share their range with each other
C. live in an area partly shared in common
D. cannot live peacefully in the same area
65. As is told about bears in the passage, we know that___________.
A. it is easy for bears to find enough food if they can climb trees
B. a bear can long remember where it has found food
C. all except polar bears are able to climb trees to catch their prey
D. all except polar bears and adult brown bears feed on small animals
66. Bears sleep in their sheltered dens in cold winter because _____________.
A. their babies need to be born in a cold and protected surrounding
B. they need to fatten themselves up in the cold season
C. they need to convert their fat into energy in winter
D. they cannot find enough food in the cold season
67. Winter sleep differs from hibernation in that_______________.
A. animals in hibernation don't wake up easily
B. animals in hibernation are aroused regularly for energy supply
C. the body temperature of animals in winter sleep doesn't change
D. animals in winter sleep experience drastic changes in bodily functions
68. The passage is mainly about____________.
A. the species of bears
B. the food category of bears
C. the winter sleep of bears
D. the behavior of bears
Passage Four
The young man who came to the door--he was about thirty, perhaps, with a handsome, smiling face---didn't seem to find my lateness offensive, and led me into a large room. On one side of the room sat half a dozen women, all in white; they were much occupied with a beautiful baby, who seemed to belong to the youngest of the women. On the other side of the room sat seven or eight men, young, dressed in dark suits, very much at ease, and very imposing. The sunlight came into the room with the peacefulness that one remembers from rooms in one's early childhood—a sunlight encountered later only in one's dreams. I remember being astounded by the quietness, the ease, the peace, and the taste. I was introduced, they greeted me with a genuine cordiality and respect--and the respect increased my fright, for it meant that they expected something of me that I knew in my heart, for their sakes, I could not give--and we sat down. Elijah Muhammad was not in the room. Conversation was slow, but not as stiff as I had feared it would be. They kept it going, for I simply did not know which subjects I could acceptably bring up. They knew more about me and had read more of what I had written, than I had expected, and I wondered what they made of it all, what they took my usefulness to be. The women were carrying on their own conversation, in
low tones; I gathered that they were not expected to take part in male conversations. A few women kept coming in and out of the room, apparently making preparations for dinner. We, the men, did not plunge deeply into any subject, for, clearly, we were all waiting for the appearance of Elijah. Presently, the men, one by one, left the room and returned. Then I was asked if I would like to wash, and I, too, walked down the hall to the bathroom. Shortly after I came back, we stood up, and Elijah entered. I do not know what I had expected to see. I had read some of his speeches, and had heard fragments of others on the radio and on television, so I associated him with strength. But, no---the man who came into the room was small and slender, really very delicately put together, with a thin face, large warm eyes, and a most winning smile. Something came into the room with him--his worshipers' joy at seeing him, his joy at seeing them. It was the kind of encounter one watches with a smile simply because it is so rare that people enjoy one another.
69. Which of the following is the best alternative word for "imposing" (line 6)?
A. Enthusiastic
B. Hostile C, Impressive D. Anxious
70. Which word best describes the atmosphere in the room?
A. Tranquil
B. Solemn
C. Chaotic
D. Stressful
71. How did the author feel when he was greeted with respect?
A. Delighted
B. Astonished
C. Embarrassed
D. Scared
72. Which of the following statements is true about the author?
A. He talked little.
B. He was puzzled.
C. He enjoyed the conversation.
D. He got more respect than he deserved.
73. The men didn't get deeply involved in any subject because they_______.
A. had little knowledge
B. didn't know one another well
C. wanted to relax themselves
D. awaited the arrival of someone important
74. What can we learn about Elijah?
A. He was admired by others.
B. He was very handsome.
C. He was a man with determination.
D. He was happy to give speeches.
Passage Five
Singapore's Mixed Reality Lab is working on new ways of interacting with computers, including wearable devices and a virtual war room that will allow officials to work together online as if they were all in one place. Its director is a spiky-haired Australian, a postmodern match for the fictional British agent James Bond's tool man, Q. It is funded by the Defense Science & Technology Agency, which controls half the $5 billion defense budget, and sponsors hundreds of research projects every year. The agency came to worldwide attention last year when it took just one day to customize a thermal scanner in order to detect travelers with high fever, helping to stem the spread of SARS.
DSTA is now working on a range of projects that are attracting attention in both the commercial and military worlds. It devised an air-conditioning system that harnesses melting ice and cool seawater to conserve electricity at the new Changi Naval Base, and could have broad civilian applications.
Singapore can easily afford Western hardware, but off-the-shelf products are often unsuitable for the tropical conditions in Southeast Asia. For example, the DSTA is funding development of an anti-chemical-weapons suit that works not as a shield, but as a sort of weapon. The Singaporean garments, made of a revolutionary plastic-like material
that is much lighter and cooler than traditional fabrics, actually degrade suspect substances on contact.
Much of the agency's work is geared toward helping this resource-poor city-state overcome its natural limitations, says its director of R&D, William Lau Yue Khei. Conserving manpower is one of the agency's most critical assignments, because Singapore is a nation of 4 million people dwarfed by larger neighbors, including
Indonesia and Malaysia. Right now, the biggest DSTA project is computerizing a stealth warship so that it can run on half the usual crew. Making equipment lighter is a particular agency specialty, because the universal military rule of thumb is that a soldier should carry no more than one third his body weight, and that means that smaller Singaporean soldiers should carry no more than 24 kilos, or 20 percent less than Europeans, says DSTA project manager Choo Hui Weing. One such program: the Advanced Combat Man System, has produced a lightweight handguard that controls an integrated laser range finder, digital compass and a targeting camera. Top that, Q.
75. It can be inferred from the passage that Q is probably__________.
A. a mechanic in James Bond's garage
B. a fictional Australian with spiky hair
C. a director of the Advanced Combat Man System
D. an imaginary engineer who invents advanced equipment
76. Which of the following statements concerning DSTA is NOT true?
A. It became world-known for its high efficiency in preventing the SARS spread.
B. It funds numerous research programs, including Mixed Reality Lab.
C. It devised an air-conditioning system now widely used in households.
D. It takes credit for conserving electricity at the new Changi Naval Base.
77. The suit described in the third paragraph can be used as a sort of weapon mainly because_________.
A. it is made of a new material resembling plastics
B. it can reduce harmful effects of chemicals on it
C. it has been adapted to the tropical weather there
D. its light weight allows soldiers to carry more equipment
78. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of Singapore?
A. Smaller soldiers.
B. Smaller population.
C. Limited defense budget.
D. Limited natural resources.
79. The Advance Combat Man System is mentioned in the last paragraph mainly to show_______.
A. what DSTA has done to meet the country's special needs
B. how sophisticated the equipments designed by DSTA can be
C. why it is difficult for Q to compete with Choo Hui Weing
D. how Singapore's technology is superior to that of the British
80. The main purpose of the passage is to ______________.
A. analyze Singapore's defense system
B. summarize the contributions of DSTA
C. introduce the technical advantages of a small country
D. describe the roles and achievements of a government agency
PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)
Section A (15 minutes, 10 points)
Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with.
The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and
suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases.
Section B (15 minutes, 10 points)
人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家应不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20年前的10倍。
PART VI WRITING ( 30 minutes, 10 points )
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of "Knowledge from books and knowledge from experience." Your composition should be based on the following outline:
1. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books.
2. Explain which source is more important?
参考答案
Part V
Section A
人们普遍认为吸烟成瘾，所以戒烟主要是意志力的问题，而不是个人选择的问题（与其说戒烟是个人选择的问题，不如说是意志力的问题)。虽然就医和药物治疗能增加永久戒烟的概率，但避免进退两难的最好方法是一开始就不吸烟。
吸烟带来的不可逆的影响程度不同，且与烟瘾和烟龄(年头)有关，也与最初接触烟的年龄有关。本报告挑战的是一种观点，即几年的吸烟史不会产生长期的不良后果。我们希望劝说人们不要染上此常见但致命的习惯，并指出随着戒烟时间的增加，烟草对健康产生的影响就会大幅度减少。
Section B
People have become increasingly aware of the importance of developing environmentally friendly (pollution-free) products. For the sake of longstanding sustainable development, developed countries are to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases at any cost. If the current rate of global warming continues, big cities, such as Tokyo and London, are ten times more likely to disappear from the earth as twenty years ago.
考试须知 1、本次考试试卷有试题册（试卷一）和答题纸（Answer Sheet)两种，答题时间 为120分钟。 2、请考生用钢笔在Answer Sheet上写上姓名、学号、专业班级。 3、请考生在Answer Sheet上答题，写在试题册上的答案一律作废。 4、选择题每题只能选一个答案，多选作废。选定答案后，在Answer Sheet中找到相应题号，将答案对应字母（A\B\C\D）填写在题号后的括号里。注意保持字迹清晰工整，容易识别。由于字迹潦草、答案模棱两可甚至无法识别者，一律判为0分，责任由考生本人负责。 5、简答题、翻译和作文等主观题部分的答题请考生用钢笔书写在Answer Sheet 指定位置上。 6、考试结束，考生不得将试题册和答题纸带出考场。请把试题册和答题纸分别 上交监考老师。 Test 29 Part I Situational Conversations (10%) Directions:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue．Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center of the corresponding letter． 1. Robert: How annoying. I can’t figure out a solution to this problem. Can you help me? Anderson: __________. A. How stupid you are. The problem is too easy to disturb me. B. Well, I’m afraid I can’t at the moment. C. You shouldn’t feel annoyed. After all,it’s your own problem. D. OK. Though it’s beyond me, let me try. 2. Speaker A: Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the nearest post office? Speaker B: ________ A. OK. I’d like to go with you. B. Of course. Go down this street and turn le ft. C. Sorry. I’m busy now. Go away. D . No problem. It’s my pleasure to direct you. 3. Customer: I need some aspirin, please, and I'd also like to get this prescription filled．
2017年研究生英语学位课统考真题 Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points) Section A ( 0.5 point each) 16. Terrorist activities, in whatever forms, are to be denounced by peace-loving people worldwide. A announced B forgiven C condemned D despised 17. Problems with respiration are often associated with smoking and air pollution as has been proved. A aspiration B inspiration C creativity D breathing 18. The military operations commenced yesterday were targeted at the Taliban’s military installations. A set about B set out C set apart D set aside 19. No merchandise is currently in short supply thanks to the market economy. A businessman B commodity C substance D talent. 20. It is becoming increasingly difficult for an only child to live up to the expectations of their parents. A encourage B survive C arouse D fulfill 21. This summit talk is thought to be instrumental in bringing about peace in this region. A helpful B useless C harmless D inappropriate 22. Faced with this grim situation, top executives of this company are trying to find quick solutions. A unexpected B undesirable C comforting D grave 23. The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators. A without any objections B in the end C in the dark D against heavy odds. 24. Nobel Prize winners have been mostly scientists of international renown in some field. A institutions B standard C prestige D application. 25. These natural resources will be depleted sooner or later if the present rate of exploitation continues. A exhausted B evaluated C deployed D popularized. Section B (0.5 point, each) 26. Harry Potter was originally _____for children or teenagers, yet many adults have come to be crazy about the book. A extended B intended C inclined D directed 27. This experienced author was able to ____the lifetime’s work of Jefferson into one volume. A suppress B compress C express D depress 28. A Frenchman who has an unusually sensitive nose can ____ hundreds of different smells. A nominate B dominate C eliminate D discriminate 29. The Chinese share the ____that their life will become better and the country more prosperous. A conviction B speculation C elaboration D perspiration 30. After weeks of _____, the owners and the union leaders have finally agreed on the question of sick benefits. A administration B arbitration C authorization D alternation 31. It took this disabled boy a long time to ___ the fact that he was not qualified for admission to college. A come up with B come down with C come up to D come to terms with 32. The authorities claim that the rate of crime is declining, but statistics show ____. A clockwise B otherwise C elsewhere D likewise 33. Air attacks in Afghanistan are focused on airports and training camps to avoid civilian ____ A involvement B rebellion C casualties D anguish 34. After all, people across the Taiwan Straits are of the same race, so this island and the mainland are _______
近年汉译英试题 2004年1月 考研的人在英语上花的时间远远多于其它学科，希望英语分数越高越好。许多人坚信成功地秘诀是参加短训班和多背范文，结果却发现此招不灵。他们为提高英语水平做出的努力很难得到回报。 参考译文： Those who take the entrance examination for graduate schools spend much (/far) more time on English than on other subjects, hoping for the highest possible scores of English. Many people are convinced that the secret to success is to attend training courses (/classes) and learn many sample writings by heart, only to find that doesn’t work. Their efforts to improving their English can’t pay off easily. 2004年6月 计算机被认为是有史以来对人类生活影响最大的发明。它的神奇之处在于其运算速度和准确性优于人类。计算机能在几秒钟内完成几十年前可能需要数天才能完成的事。这是人类第一次感到自己作为最高级物种的地位受到了挑战。 参考译文： The computer is believed (/regarded /considered) to be the invention that has exerted the greatest influence on human lives in history. What is remarkable about it is that it can calculate with better speed and accuracy than man. The computer can finish in seconds what might have taken days decades ago. This is the first time that man has felt that his position (/status) as the highest species has been challenged. 2005年1月 人们越来越意识到开发环保型产品的重要性。为实现长期可持续发展，发达国家不惜代价减少温室气体的排放。如果目前全球变暖的速度保持不变，东京和伦敦等大城市从地球上消失的可能性将是20前的10倍。 参考译文： People have become increasingly aware of the importance of developing environmentally friendly (pollution-free) products. For the sake of longstanding sustainable development, developed countries are to reduce
2002年1月 Regrettably for many in Silicon Valley, the ability to make accurate forecasts can depend on how well-established a company’s products are. Young industries on steep growth curves are almost always surprised by how well their products do in the first few y ears, and then they’re at a loss when demand falls. Says a Stanford University business strategy professor, “In a highly dynamic and unpredictable market people are going to make mistakes. It’s inherent in the type of business.” In many corners of Silicon Valley----and elsewhere ----unpredictability is inevitable. One solution: keep innovating but develop sound service businesses to sell with products. Building a “very strong service business”, a company president says, smoothes out the rough spots between innovations. 对于一个公司产品的准确预测取决于该公司产品的知名度。对于许多硅谷人来说，这一点令人感到无可奈何。成长呈急剧上升趋势的新兴产业对其产品在最初几年的出色表现几乎总是惊讶不已，随后，当产品需求下降时他们又会感到手足无措。斯坦福大学的一位商业策略教授说：“在一个充满活力和变数的市场，人们是会犯错误的。这是由市场的内在本质所决定的。” 在硅谷的许多地方，以及在其他的地方，不可预测性是无法避免的。解决之道是：不断创新，但同时又要开发出优良的服务项目与产品一道出售。一位公司总裁说，“出色的服务”会抹平新产品换代过程中出现的不足。 2002年6月 The nations meeting here in Shanghai understand what is at stake. If we don’t stand against terrorism now, every civilized nation will at some point be its target. We will defeat the terrorists by destroying their network, wherever it is found. We will also defeat the terrorists by building an enduring prosperity that promises more opportunity and better lives for all the world’s people. The countries of the Pacific Rim made the decision to open themselves up to the world, and the result is one of the great development success stories of our time. The peoples of this region are more prosperous, healthier, and better educated than they were only two decades ago. And this progress has proved what openness can accomplish. 在上海的与会各国都意识到了目前的危机。如果现在不制止恐怖主义，每个文明国家在将来的某个时候都会成为恐怖主义者的袭击目标。我们将通过摧毁任何地方的恐怖主义网络来打败他们。同时，我们也将
2016年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题 PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points) Section A ( 1 point each) Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet. 1. A. Beauty has advantages and disadvantages. B. Beauty has different meanings to different people. C. Beauty brings attention and opportunities. D. Beauty comes from action and good qualities. 2. A. She is using the book now. B. She may give him a hand. C. She cannot lend him the book. D. She will keep the book for him. 3. A. Rachel lives fairly close to her. B. Rachel visits her quite often. C. Rachel comes here once a month. D. Rachel rarely gets to see her. 4. A. She forgot about the time change. B. She didn’t receive the text message. C. Her roommate forgot to give her the message. D. Her roommate was too nervous to tell her. 5. A. He should have got better grades. B. The test was based on lecture material. C. She misplaced her textbook. D. Small luck plays a big role. 6. A. On the 16th of June. B. On the 18th of June. C. On the 9th of June. D. On the 8th of June. 7. A. Go to sleep. B. Watch the movie later.
PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) One of the unintended consequences of the flattening world is that it puts different societies and cultures in much greater direct contact with one another. It connects people to people much faster than people and cultures can often prepare themselves. Some cultures thrive on the sudden opportunities for collaboration that this global intimacy makes possible. Others are frustrated, and even humiliated by this close contact, which, among other things, makes it easy for people to see where they stand in the world in relation to everyone else. All of this helps to account for the emergence of one of the most devastating forces today - the suicide bombers and other terrorist organizations which have no regard for human lives and which it is in our best interest to wipe out. 世界变平产生一些意外的后果，其一就是不同的社会和文化可以更多地直接接触。人们之间连接的速度之快使人和社会措手不及。一些文化凭借全球亲密接触突然带来的合作机遇兴旺发达(蓬勃发展)。另一些文化却由于这种亲密接触而感到灰心丧气，甚至感到自尊受到伤害，原因是这种亲密接触的后果之一是使人们轻易地发现彼此在世界中的位置。所有这一切有助于说明为什么现在会出现一种最具有杀伤力的力量——自杀性爆炸者和其他恐怖组织。这些组织不顾人们的死活，消灭它们最符合我们的利益。 Section B (15 minutes, 10 points) 该法案旨在对美国中小学进行教育改革并使所有儿童有机会得到高质量的教育。最终目标是确保无一人落后。由于此法案的实施，学校有更多的灵活性把资源用于最急需的地方。父母可更多地参与孩子的教育。 This act is intended (aims) to introduce education reform in America's elementary and secondary schools and give all children the access to high-quality education. The ultimate goal is to ensure that no one is left behind. As a result of the implementation of this act, schools enjoy more flexibility to use resources where they are needed most. Parents can get more involved in the child's education. PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points) Section A (15 minutes, 10 points) In this book, we offer advice that we hope will seem reasonable and worth serious consideration. But as any experienced writer knows, there are occasions when even the best advice may not apply. The demands of writing for different audiences, with different purposes, on different subjects, at different levels of formality are so varied that they cannot begin to be anticipated in a book like this, and we recognize that what is appropriate for one piece of writing may not be appropriate for another. In most cases, you will have to avoid ambiguity at all costs so as not to leave your words open to misinterpretation． 在本书中，我们提出一些建议，我们希望这些建议看起来合理并值得认真考虑。但有经验的作者都知道，有时最好的建议也可能不适用。写书要针对不同的读者，具有不同的目的，有关不同的题材，语言的正式程度也不同，所有这一切提出种种要求，本书是无法预见到的。我们也意识到对某一作品是合适的内容而对另一作品来说可能不合适。在多数情况下，你只好不惜代价把含义表达清楚(避免含义不清)，目的是防止人们随意曲解你使用的文字。 Section B(15 minutes，10 points) 中国可持续发展依赖的有限自然资源正在锐减。一方面是生产规模在不断扩大，消耗更多的能源；另一方面是缺少能高效利用能源的生产设备。这迫使我们思考如何为后人留下足够的环境空间以使他们实现他们的愿望。 The limited natural resources on which China's sustainable development depends are declining sharply, on the one hand, the expanding scale of production leads to (results in) increased consumption of energy / the scale of production keeps expanding, consuming more energy. On the other hand, production facilities (equipment) that can utilize energy efficiently are lacking. That (This) forces us to think about how to leave enough environmental space to future generations (our offspring) so that they can fulfill their aspirations. Section B. 电信的高速发展使手机成为中学生的宠儿。尽管手机有很多功能，但会对青少年学习成绩产生一些负面影响，如考试作弊、课堂不注意听讲。此外，经常使用手机减少了面对面交流，而长期接触手机辐射还会造成记忆力下降或增加患脑瘤的概率。 The fast development of telecommunications has made the cell (mobile) phone popular among (a favorite of) high schoolers (high school students). Despite its multiple (many) functions, the cell
2009年1月研究生英语学位课程考试真题及答案B卷 Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes,20 points) . Section A (1 point each) 1. A. 5 minutes. B. 15 minutes. C. 20 minutes. D. 25 minutes. 2. A. $200. B. $400. C. $300. D. $500. 3. A. Because he has been hiding lately. B. Because he has been busy preparing his trip, C. Because he has been back home. D. Because he has to work hard for traveling expense. 4. A. On a three-week trip. B. To their neighbors C. On the way back home. D. To work. 5. A. She gladly accepted it. B. She declined it politely. C. She firmly turned it down. D. She didn't know what to do. 6. A. The girl's father had an accident yesterday. B. The girl's father was still in serious condition. C. The girl's father has been told about his daughter's real condition. D. The girl's father doesn't know anything about his daughter's real condition 7. A. 144 pounds. B. 164 pounds. C. 140 pounds. D. 154 pounds. 8. A. A new flat. B. A trip to the island. C. A disease. D. A recent fire. 9. A. Because of the bad weather, B. Because the food has spoiled. C. Because some people are sick. D. Because they had to prepare for an exam. Section B (1 point each) Mini-talk One 10. A. Science and Technology B. Arts and Social Sciences C. Architecture D. Humanities 11. A. Psychology, sociology, history, and economics B. Psychology, sociology, history and linguistics C. Biology, sociology, history and linguistics
Every year Writing TOPIC: Changing the Wasteful Habits Outline: 1. Name at least three wasteful habits around you with examples; 2. Describe the one you think is the most harmful and explain why you think so; 3. Analyze how the wasteful habit is acquired and give suggestions as to how it can be most effectively changed Part VI Writing ( 30 minutes, 10 points) Topic Many teachers and students agree that learning English in a Chinese secondary school or university is seldom very stimulating. Anyone who pokes his head inside a classroom here is all too likely to observe a talking, talking, talking teacher---- talking in Chinese as often as in English---- and students scribbling silently, wondering which of this week’s half-understood grammar points or new( and quickly forgotten) words will turn up on the next multiple-choice exam. Now give your own comments on it and suggestions to tackle the problem. Part VI Writing ( 30 minutes, 10 points0 Topic: Read the following story and make your comment on the fisherman’s attitude towards life. One fine morning, a tourist saw a fisherman sitting on the beach and asked him curiously, “Why are you not at the sea catching fish like all the other fishermen?” The fisherman replied, “I’ve already been to the sea and sold the fish.” “But it is still early,” said the tourist, “you could go out to the sea again and catch more fish.” “Why should I want to catch more fish?” the fisherman asked mildly. “Why, so you could get money,” the tourist replied. “I have enough to eat, and I am not cold. Why should I want more money ?” “So you could buy a bigger boat, and catch more fish.” “So what?” “So you can hire some help and catch even more fish.” “So what?” “When you have enough money you can live a better life. You don’t even have to go to the sea again. You will be able to enjoy the sunshine on the beach, like a tourist.” “I am already doing it,” smiled the fisherman. Part VI. Writing (30 minutes, 10 points ) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words under the title of “Short Message Service: A Blessing or a Curse?” Your compositio n should be based on the following outline: 1. As a modern mode of communication, short messages service on mobile-phones has brought us some benefits. 2. But it has created some problems
2007-1 PART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each) 21. If innovators are not financially rewarded for their innovations, the incentive for path-breaking innovation will eventually dry up. A. investment B. resource C. inspiration D. stimulus 22. These illegal immigrants have to work long hours a day despite the appalling working conditions. A. bewildering B. exasperating C. dismaying D. upsetting 23. Many critics agreed that by and large, this movie was a success in terms of acting and photography. A. all at once B. by and by C. to some extent D. on the whole 24. The country carried on nuclear tests without feeling apprehensive about the consequences. A. optimistic B. anxious C. uncertain D. scared 25. There is the fear that babies might be genetically altered to suit the parents' wishes. A. enhanced B. revised C. alternated D. modified 26. The American Civil War is believed to have stemmed from differences over slavery. A. arisen from B. contributed to C. patched up D. participated in 27. Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed. A. resigned B. compromised C. persisted D. dominated 28. Hamilton hoped for a nation of cities while Jefferson contended that the country should remain chiefly agricultural. A. inclined B. struggled C. argued D. competed 29. There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company. A. on occasion B. at present C. by now D. for sure 30. TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims' families. A. briefly B. quickly C. accurately D. earnestly Section B (0.5 point each) 31. New York probably has the largest number of different language _________ in the world. A. neighborhoods B. communities C. clusters D. assemblies 32. Nuclear wastes are considered to _____ a threat to human health and marine life. A. compose B. impose C. expose D. pose 33. Some states in the US have set _____ standards concerning math and science tests. A. energetic B. vigorous C. rigorous D. grave 34. This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized ___________. A. presentation B. instruction C. conviction D. obligation 35. Because of ______ ways of life, the couple has some difficulty getting along with each other.