Book4 Unit 1 Women of achievement
Period1
一重点单词
n.成就；功绩n.福利；福利事业n.连接；关系；亲戚
n.组织；机构n.运动；战役；vi.作战；参加运动
vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现( n.)
adj.值得做的；值得出力的vt.&n.尊重；尊敬；敬意
n.观察；观测vt.观察；观测；遵守vi.争论；辩论；_____________________n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示
_______________vt. &n.支持；拥护n.考虑；体谅adj.考虑周到的vt.递送；生（小孩儿）；发表演说等adj.谦虚的；谦让的；适度的
重点短语
接生参考，谈到，查阅
与……争论; 碰巧，凑巧
（偶然）遇见；碰见继续，坚持
肢体语言与其；而非
藐视；瞧不起（想法，问题等）涌上心头
离开，启程，出发过着…的生活
三．语法填空
（13）Liu Xiang was the first Asian 1___________ （win）the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympics in Athens. 2__________ that he became an idol（偶像）to the young people.
“I never thought I would run under 13 seconds and break the Olympic 3__________.”said Liu Xiang in tears, “I am very very excited. I’m proud not just for myself and for Chinese 4_________ for Asia. My race went 5___________ （wonderful）from start to finish.” Liu added. “It is 6__________ amazing experience being the Olympic champion. I want to thank my coach and my friends for 7_________their help. I think today we Chinese have showed the world we 8_________ run as fast as anybody else.” Since his return fr om Athens, Liu Xiang 9__________ （be）at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. But Liu thinks 2004 is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Liu said, “For some play ers, it’s just a job. For me, it’s 10_________ I love.”
四.完形填空
My father brought home a sailboat when I was ten, and almost each Sunday in summers we would go sailing. Dad was quite skilled in sailing, but not good at 36 . As for me, I 37 both before twelve because of living close to Lake Ontario.
The last time Dad and I set sail together is really 38 . It was a perfect weekend after I graduated from university. I came home and 39 Dad to go sailing. Out we set soon on the 40 lake. Dad hadn’t sailed for years, but everything41
well with the tiller (舵柄) in his hands.When we were in the middle of the lake, a 42 wind came all of a sudden. The boat was hit 43 . Dad was always at his best in any 44 , but at this moment he 45 . “John! 46 !” he shouted in a trembling voice, with the tiller still in his hands.In my memory he could fix any 47 . He was the one I always 48 for strength and security. Before I could respond, a 49 of water got into the boat. I rushed to the tiller 50 it was too late. Anther huge wall of water 51 the boat in a minute. We were thrown into the water, and Dad was struggling aimlessly. At that moment, I felt fiercely 52 of him.I swam to Dad 53 and assisted him in climbing onto the hull (船壳) of the boat. Upon sitting on the hull, Dad was a little awkward about his flash of 54 . “It’s all right, Dad. We are safe now,” I comforted him.That was the first time Dad had counted on me in a moment of emergency. More importantly, I found it was my turn to start 55 for my father.
36. A. boating B. running C. swimming D. teaching
37. A. enjoyed B. desired C. hated D. learned
38. A. unforgivable B. unforgettable C. cheerful D. regretful
39. A. sent B. ordered C. invited D. allowed
40. A. calm B. icy C. stormy D. thundery
41. A. finished B. went C. seemed D. sounded
42. A. strong B. gentle C. cold D. hot
43. A. repeatedly B. lightly C. hardly D. violently
44. A. danger B. place C. sport D. job
45. A. suffered B. fell C. froze D. withdrew
46. A. Look B. Help C. Run D. get
47. A. problem B. relationship C. machine D. boat
48. A. turned to B. lived with C. argued with D. objected to
49. A. fountain B. stream C. shower D. wave
50. A. if B. for C. after D. but
51. A. got through B. poured into C. turned over D. lifted up
52. A. ashamed B. protective C. tired D. afraid
53. A. hopelessly B. quickly C. slowly D. helplessly
54. A. pain B. anger C. fear D. shame
55. A. making up B. getting ready C. paying off D. looking out
必修四unit1 period2
一：根据下列句子及所缺单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。
1. She b________ with great courage when her husband died.
2. The university plans to set up an i______ for Chinese studies.
3. All ________ (关系) with France was stopped when the enemy gained control of the sea.
4. A club is a place of e________.
5. He never showed any ________ (体谅) for his mother’s feelings.
6. The birth r________ is the number of births compared to the number of people.
7. Which o________ do you work for?
8. That newspaper really has good a________ on sports.
9. I went to see a s_______ who found I had too little sugar in my blood.
10. The agreement strengthened the _______ (联系) between the two countries.
11. A bird lays eggs in the ___ (巢) (which/that) it has built.
12. Their _________ (举止) towards me shows that they do like me.
13. She had a happy _________ (童年).
14. Television provides knowledge as well as ____________ (娱乐).
15. She is so _________ (直言的) that she has hurt the feelings of all her friends.
16. There are no trees or bushes to give s____ in this area, so it is very hot here. 二：用所给动词（短语）的适当形式填空。（有多余选项）
2. Her baby _________ by a famous doctor in the hospital.
3. He is such an experienced teacher that everyone _________ him.
4. I hope you will __________ me in my decision.
5. Can you __________ to me why you are late for the meeting?
6. Nobody enjoys __________ by others.
7. The strange fever __________ most of the country last year.
8. When I was ill, my mother _________ me carefully.
9. Don’t _____ with me, I have made up my mind; I won’t change my decision.
三. 阅读理解
A Words：444 难度系数：☆☆建议用时：6′
(2011年北京海淀区第一学期期末测试)We’ve all met with something that slows us down, for example, the bumps(颠簸)in the road, the setbacks. You just have to keep in mind that a setback is only temporary and greater things lie ahead. Therefore, keep moving forward, developing what you have, since you’ve already built a solid foundation on which you can rely.
It is easy just to quit, give up and ignore the hard work you have put into something.
But we believe in the “two steps forward, one step back” philosophy(哲学). So how can you react when something doesn’t turn out as you’ve expected it to be?
First, be objective. Step back and look at the situation. Is your setback really that significant, or will it just require a little extra effort? Then, plan your next move. You can ask for help. Don’t be afraid or ashamed to do this. Frequently, people are more than willing to give you support and advice. You don’t have to be perfect; after all, nobody else is. Next, bounce back. Reevaluate the goals you should have set for yourself at the beginning and retool(改组)them when necessary. Goals should be realistic and specific, but that doesn’t mean they can’t be flexible. Instead of looking at your project as a disaster or failure, view it with success. Concentrate on how great it will feel after it is finally done, after you have put your all into it. Instead of focusing on a possible unsatisfactory performance one single time, take a moment to sit back and reward yourself for all that you have accomplished.
Above all, don’t live with regrets. Success is never easy. It remains up to you whether you will give up, or fight through the tough battles to earn whatever you want. Keep reaching for your goals and you will achieve them. One small setback is nothing if you really want something and are willing to work for it.
1．According to the passage, the philosophy “two steps forward, one step back”
means that__________when meeting with a setback.
A．we are supposed to quit and ignore the hard work
B．we’d better think it over before making a decision
C．we should stop to think before taking further action
D．we are expected to look at things in an all round way
2．The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refers to__________.
A．a performance B．a success
C．a goal D．a project
3．When we suffer a setback, the most important thing to do is__________.
A．to keep moving forward to your goals
B．to depend on others’ support and advice
C．to sit back and reward yourself for your success
D．to focus on a possible unsatisfactory performance
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．How to avoid the bumps.
B．How to deal with the setbacks.
C．Different attitudes to the setbacks.
D．Different suggestions on your goals.
B Words：202 难度系数：☆☆☆建议用时：6′
Sports and Entertainment Marketing—Entry Level Sales and Advertising Reps
Are you a college graduate?
Are you looking for a career but have little or NO experience?
Are you having a hard time getting your foot in a successful, proven firm?
Do you want a chance to test your work ethics, drive, and determination?
We may be just what you are looking for.
REQUIREMENTS：*Must be able to start within 2 weeks
*Be able to work in a team environment
*Capable of leading and motivating others
*High energy and open to new ideas
*Be able to perform under little guidance
*Great attitude and cool
*Exceptional communication skills
5 ．Which group of people is the company’s job open to?
A．College graduates.
B．Senior sales people.
C．Experienced young people.
D．Entertainment and sports lovers.
6. Which of the following words can best describe the company’s environment?
A．Team－based. B．Individual－based.
C．Seniors favored. D．Youngsters favored.
四．课文填空
The family of chimps wake up and ________ in the morning. Chimps either _____ or clean each other to show love.The mother chimp and her babies ______ in the tree.Chimps sleep together in their _____for the night.The ______between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family. Jane spent years ________ and recording chimps’ daily activities.She observed chimps as a group hunting a _________and then eating it, and discovered chimps hunt and eat
meat.She also discovered how chimps ____________with each other.She studied their body language, which helped her ________ their social system.She believes we should understand and ________ chimps. She has ______wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for ____________or advertisements. She helped to_________ special places for chimps to live in safely. She worked with animals in their own ____________. She showed that women can live in the___________ as men can.
五．语法填空
（2）Finishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found their new car 1__________ （steal）. They filed a report 2__________the police station and a detective drove them back 3___________ the parking lot to look for evidence. To their 4___________ （amaze）, the car had been returned 5__________ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to send her to the 6____________ as soon as possible. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7___________ tonight's Rowan Atkinson concert.”Their faith in humanity restored（恢复）. The couple attended 8_________ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found that their house 9___________（be）ransacked （洗劫）. On the bathro om mirror was 10__________ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?”
六．文章七选五
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store. 71 I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thnak you.”
At first I was paid in candy. 72 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bannk account. 73 By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that the promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “ What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas. 74
The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a Rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. __75___expect they are NO longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb17700832.html,ter I received 50 cents an hour.
B.Before long, she let me sir there by myself.
C.I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.
D.Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.
E.My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility.
F.Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.
G.Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.
Book 4 Unit 1Women of achievement课中探讨Period 3
一，判断对误True (T) or False (F).
1). In order to study chimps, we have to stay in the forest for the whole night.
2). In 1960, most people understood chimp behaviour and their daily activities.
3). It was not until Jane’s mother helped her that she was allowed to begin her project.
4). Jane has suggested that wild animals should lead a busy life.
5). Jane devoted most of her life to the study of animals.
二．课文填空；
Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a g_____________ when girls' education was always placed second to boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the k_____________ and c_____________ she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to d_____________ a baby for a poor family who could not pay her. By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and c_____________ on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….
三．单选择
1．It is the farmers who provide us with food, yet they are __________ by some citizens. A．looked forward to B．looked down upon C．looked back upon D．looked up to 2．—We’ve cut down our price by 40%!
—But your price is still too high if taking quality into __________. A．consideration B．application C．occupation D．explanation 3．We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite __________. A．find out B．give out C．hand out D．work out
4．Lucy has________all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A．acquired B．finished C．concluded D．achieved
5．On his way to the airport, it____him all of a sudden that he had forgotten his passport.
A．hit B．knocked C．occurred D．beat
6．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to __________ a good researcher.
A．make B．turn C．get D．grow
7． Mr. Su is on his way to power with constant election __________ around the streets
in Taipei.
A．battles B．campaigns C．wars D．fights
8．As teachers, we should be __________ of our students’ feelings. And then they will trust us.
A．anxious B．afraid C．delighted D．considerate
9. Some of the students have already learned enough English to __________ a conversation with a native English speaker.
A．carry on B．keep on C．go on D．hold on
10．When they got there, they found the people suffering the storm were __________ food and water supplies.
A．in want of B．in praise of C．in honour of D．in place of 11．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to________a good researcher.
A．make B．turn C．get D．grow
12．We had wanted to finish our task by noon，but it didn’t quite________as planned. A．find out B．give out C．hand out D．work out
13．Lucy has________all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A．acquired B．finished C．concluded D．achieved 14．Everything________into consideration，they ought to have another chance. A．to take B．taken C．to be taken D．taking
15．Without plenty of oral practice，you’ll find it hard to______a conversation with native English speakers.
A．go on B．carry on C．carry out D．work on
16．If you let pressure benefit________upset you，much more can be accomplished than you thought possible.
A．more than B．rather than C．other than D．less than
17．—It was________of Jack to turn off the radio when I was sleeping in the bedroom. —So he was.
A．reasonable B．sensible C．considerate D．generous
18．Only when________the data again________that there was a mistake.
A．they had studied；did they realize
B．they had studied；realized they
C．had they studied；did they realize
D．had they studied；realized they
19．After being criticized by her mother，she spoke out the words______in her heart for many years，tears________her eyes.
A．having hidden；filling B．hidden；filled
C．hiding；having filled D．hidden；filling
20．I am afraid I would have little influence over her________her mind was made up on any subject.
A．until B．once C．though D．unless
21．When I said that someone was late for the meeting，I________you.Why were you so angry at that time?
A．didn’t refer to B．wasn’t referring to
C．have n’t referred to D．hadn’t referred to
22．On his way to the airport，it________him all of a sudden that he had forgotten her birthday.
A．hit B．knocked C．occurred D．beat
23．The new equipment________the disabled during the 2008 Beijing Paralympics. A．was intended for B．was intended to C．intended for D．intended to 24．You promised to________the goods to our place immediately，but we haven’t seen any of them yet.
A．pass B．relay C．deliver D．provide
25．Though she was young，she________her most time________the children in remote areas. A．devotes；to teach B．devoted；to teach
C．devoted；to teaching D．is devoted；to teaching
四.完形填空
In the doorway of my home，I looked closely at my 23-year-old son，Daniel.In a few hours he would be flying to France to __1__ a different life.It was a transitional (过渡的) time in Daniel’s life.I wanted to __2__ him some words of significance.But nothing came from my lips，and this was not the __3__ time I had let such moments pass. When Daniel was five，I took him to the bus stop on his first day of kindergarten.He asked，“What is it going to be like，Dad？Can I do it？” Then he walked __4__ the steps of the bus and disappeared inside.The bus drove away and I said nothing.A decade later，a similar __5__ played itself out.
I drove him to college.As I started to leave，I tried to think of something to say to give him __6__ and confidence as he started this new stage of life.Again，words __7__ me.
Now，as I stood before him，I thought of those __8__ opportunities.How many times have I let such moments __9__？I don’t find a quiet moment to tell him what he has __10__ to me.Or what he might __11__ to face in the years ahead.Maybe I thought it was not necessary to say anything.
What does it matter in the course of a lifetime if a father never tells a son what he really thinks of him？__12__ as I stood before Daniel，I knew that it did matter.My father and I loved each other.Yet I always __13__ never hearing him put his __14__ into words.Now I could feel my palms sweat and my throat tighten.Why is it so __15__ to tell a son something from the heart?
My mouth turned dry，and I knew I would be able to get out only a few words clearly.“Daniel，”I said，“if I could have picked，I would have picked you.” That’s all I could say.He hugged me.For a moment，the world __16__，and there were just Daniel and me.He was saying something，but tears misted my eyes，and I couldn’t understand what he was saying.All I was __17__ of was the stubble (短须) on his chin as his face pressed __18__ mine.What I had said to Daniel was __19__.It was nothing.And yet，it was __20__.
1.A.experience B．spend C．enjoy D．shape
2．A.show B．give C．make D．instruct
3．https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb17700832.html,st B．first C．very D．next
4．A.upward B．into C．down D．up
5．A.sign B．scene C．scenery D．sight
6．A.interest B．instruction C．courage D．direction
7．A.failed B．discouraged C．struck D．troubled
8.A.future B．embarrassing C．obvious D．lost
9．https://www.doczj.com/doc/cb17700832.html,st B．pass C．fly D．remain
10．A.counted B．meant C．valued D．cared
11．A.think B．want C．expect D．wish
12．A.But B．And C．Instead D．So
13．A.wondered B．regretted C．minded D．tried
14．A.views B．actions C．feelings D．attitudes
15．A.important B．essential C．hard D．complex
16．A.disappeared B．changed C．progressed D．advanced
17．A.sensitive B．convinced C．aware D．tired
18．A.by B．against C．on D．with
19．A.clumsy B．gentle C．absurd D．moving
20．A.none B．all C．anything D．everything
五. 完成句子
1．Only when you learn to respect others, ______________(别人会尊重你). (respect) 2．Had I followed your advice to take with my umbrella, I ________________(就不会淋雨), so now I am running a high fever. (catch)
3．________________(他们过着多么艰辛的生活) before they became famous! (What) 4．____________(他被选中)as an actor in the film made the family delighted. (choose) 5．Not ________________(收到他的邀请), I didn’t go to his wedding party. (receive) 6．Since the beginning of the vacation, I ______________(旅游)across the country，and my next stop is Mount Tai. (travel)
7．The international agreement, ________________(计划)to encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed yesterday. (intend)
8．If your order is ready, the T－shirt _______(送达你处)as soon as possible. (deliver)
Book 4 Unit 1Women of achievement课课练period4
一. Vocabulary(用正确形式填空)
1. The China government s_________________ birth control.
2. How do you account for you __________________ (行为) that day?
3. He d_________________ a speech at the meeting yesterday.
4. Please o________________ the rule about not walking on the grass.
5. He did some r__________________ on great women of achievements.
6. Lin Qiaozhi was a doctor who became a s________________ in women’s illnesses.
7. Do you know the ___________________ (结构) of the human body?
8. These results were not ___________________(值得的) at all.
9. We all r__________________ him for his honesty.
10. It is hard to thank you enough for your kindness and c__________________.
11. The example set by the teacher _________ (鼓舞) us to work still harder.
12. Her baby was _________ (接生) by a famous doctor in the hospital.
13. A man was _________ (观察)walking on the opposite side of the road.
14. He is such an experienced teacher that everyone _________ (尊敬) him.
15. I hope you will __________ (支持) me in my decision.
16. She is very __________ (谦虚的) about her success.
17. It was __________ (考虑周到的) of you not to play the piano while I was sleep.
18. The country’s progress need the effort of many __________ (一代) .
19. There are always many __________ (突发事件) in some unsafe districts.
20. Don’t ________ (争论) with me, I have made up my mind; I won’t change my decision.
二. 翻译句子
1. 那样开车很危险，已经警告过他了。
He____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____of driving the car in that way.
2. Arguing for trifles will not __________________________.（达到我们的目的）
3. You will never________________ if you spend your time that way.（有所成就）
4. His laziness makes it impossible for him to _____________________.（成功）
5. The film is well _________________________ .（很值得再看一遍）
6. The problem is__________________________.（值得讨论）
7. The picture is__________________________________ .（值10美元）
8. The place is _______________________________________.（值得参观）
9. The teacher is a __________________________man.（可敬的）
10. ____________________ (值得)to discuss the question once again.
11. Did you ________________________________ to my father？（传我的信息）
12. She _____________ _________________a healthy baby last night.(生了)
13. Parents should educate their children to ___________________________ .（守规矩）
14. He ____________________（举止得体）so as not to give offence to others.
15. When a boy reaches manhood, he should___________________.(行为应象个男子汉)
三：本单元词汇知识单选题。
31. ---- _____? ----- She is an animal and biology scientist.
A. What does your father enjoy most
B. what does your new neighbour look like
C. who is the middle-aged woman
D. How much could you own in a month
32. Mr. Wang would have continued to lead ____ poor life instead of changing his lifestyle if he
hadn’t met Mr. Smith by ____ chance who was a businessman.
A. the; a
B. a; the
C. a;/
D. /; the
33. They are arguing ___ who will win the football match and whether they should have respect
___ their team once they fail.
A. about; against
B. on; of
C. about; for
D. on; for
34. Each boy and each girl ___ the right to get entertainment and support in his or her childhood.
A. is
B. has
C. are
D. have
35. Miss Lee is a rich lady but she still thinks it is not ______ things which are not needed even v ery
modern at a low price.
A. worth to buy
B. worthy buying
C. worth buying
D. worthwhile to buy
36. It’s reported that the police will soon _____the case of the two missing children.
A. look upon
B. look after
C. look into
D. look out
37. My teacher often tells us to ___each other and not _____those who failed and we should look
forward to their succeeding in the future.
A. support; look down upon
B. campaign; look on
C. respect; look back on
D. consider; look into
38. Only after we have learned the manners well in English ___know how to __ourselves at table in
a foreign country.
A. we can; dress
B. we might; tell
C. must we; show
D. can we; behave
39. ----As is ______in the laws, passengers and drivers all should _____the traffic rules. ----Yes,
Driving too fast will cause accidents, as well as drinking wine.
A. referring to; look
B. referring to; watch
C. referred; see
D. referred to; obey
40. I ___a classmate while______ in a supermarket, who I kept in touch with by QQ and his QQ
name is Wild Wolf.
A. came across; wandering
B. came about; wondering
C. turned around; wander
D. turned into; wonder
41. ----Darling! It’s my fault. But I didn’t mean ___ you. I’ll do better.
----Don’t mention it. What you said mean __kind to me.
A. to hurt; your being
B. hurt; you are
C. hurting; you to be
D. to hurting; your to be
42. A good idea _____ the general engineer when the typhoon hit the being built over-sea bridge
from Shanghai to Ningbo.
A. crowded in
B. resulted in
C. joined in
D. got in
43. In the performance, there ____ only a box and a red piece of cloth. However, with a flash of
light, a beautiful girl fell under the audience `s ____ .
A. was; observation
B. were; determination
C. had; emergency
D. has; sickness
44. ----- I `m a student in Senior One. I meant to improve my English grammar. What book shall I
buy? ---- What about this one? It is____ for beginners.
A. intended
B. operating
C. operated
D. intending
45. It was in NewZealand __Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
A. that
B. how
C. which
D. When
46. -----I’d like to invite you to dinner this Saturday.
-----_______.
A. Oh, no, let’s not
B. I’d rather stay at home
C. I’m very sorry, but I have other plan
D. Oh, no. That’ll be too much trouble
47. _____ of the land in that district _______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is
B. Two fifth; are
C. Two fifths; is
D. Two fifths; are
48. Nobody but us _____ the secret.
A. know
B. knows
C. have known
D. is known
49. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
50. Every means _____ prevent the water from _____.
A. are used to; polluting
B. will be used to; polluting
C. is used to; polluted
D. is used to; being polluted
51. She is one of the few girls who _____ in the kindergarten.
A. is well paid
B. are well paid
C. is paying well
D. are paying well
52. China sent up two manned spaceships and they were also great scientific _______ in the
world.
A. campaigns
B. surprises
C. achievements
D. discoveries
53. We ________ the problem for a long time, but we didn’t reach any agreement.
A. argued
B. explained
C. shared
D. communicated
54. Only after the woman had her own child ________ how difficult it was to be a mother.
A. she realized
B. had she realized
C. she had realized
D. did she realize
55. Don’t be worried. I’ll ________ your pet dog when you’re away.
A. deal with
B. care about
C. look into
D. care for
56. In order to understand the ________ of the animal, the researcher spent many years
recording its daily activities.
A. performance
B. deed
C. behaviour
D. personality
57. — What should I do, sir?
— ________ the star and then tell me something about it.
A. Notice
B. Observe
C. See
D. Glare
58. It’s suggested that another strong bridge should be built to ________ heavy trucks.
A. support
B. accept
C. hold
D. carry
59. It is the years we spent together at college ________ have a deep effect on my life.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
60. Don’t ________ women. They are as important as men for the develo pment of society.
A. look up to
B. look down upon
C. look out for
D. look forward to
61. When the clock _______ 12, I was about to leave for the supermarket.
A. knocked
B. hit
C. beat
D. struck
62. The determined mother has devoted all she has to ________ her son out of trouble.
A. helping
B. help
C. have helped
D. having helped
63.To our surprise, the painting considered______ should have won the prize.
A. being copied
B. having been copied
C. to have copied
D. to have been copied
64. Doctor Smith got a call last night and was asked to __________ for a peasant’s family.
A accept a baby
B give birth to a bay
C deliver a baby
D received a baby
65. "No, no ", he whispered, ____ talking to himself.
A. while
B. even if
C. as if
D. when
四.语法填空
With the 1____________ （develop）of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because 2___________ air pollution. Air pollution is caused by the following 3_________: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give off 4__________ （poison）gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. Smoking not only does harm to their health 5__________ to others. 6_________ these, about 10%of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight 7____________ pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8___________ place of gas. We can plant more trees. If everybody realizes the 9___________ （important）of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10____________ （solve）.
五．短文改错
My summer travel started terribly .I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hang Zhou. I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday. I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag Form the floor and then I realized that someone had stolen it.Luckily I had all my money on my pocket,but the only clothes I had was those I had on.It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent to me lots of clothes. I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.
Book 4 Unit 1Women of achievement Period5
一．主谓一致训练题
1. Three______ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.
A. hundreds people
B. hundred people
C. hundreds peoples
D. hundred peoples
2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.
A. is handing out
B. are to hand out
C. are handing out
D. is to hand out
3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am
B. is
C. are
D. be
4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _____ in Beijing of China, which _____ known to us all.
A. is to hold; is
B. is to be held; was
C. are to hold; is
D. are to be held; is
5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.
A. were; it
B. are; them
C. was; it
D. is; them
6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.
A. is exploited
B. are exploited
C. had exploited
D. have exploited
7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have
B. Had
C. Has
D. Is
11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.
A. is
B. are
C. have
D. has
12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.
A. are watching
B. is watching
C. is seeing
D. are seeing
13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. have been
D. would be
14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.
A. were
B. was
C. is
D. sits
15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.
A. are not preserved
B. is not preserved
C. were preserved
D. have not been preserved
16. There ______ little change in that middle school.
A. have
B. had
C. have been
D. has been
17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.
A. going to be
B. /
C. is
D. that
18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.
A. is covered
B. is covering
C. were covered
D. are covered
19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.
A. being
B. are
C. was
D. were
20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.
A. are
B. is
C. am
D. were
21.“ The Kites” ______us a story of the kite’s history.
A. have told
B. tells
C. were told
D. was told
22. You and I _____ twin sisters.
A. were
B. are
C. is
D. am
23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.
A are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given
24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.
A. rots away
B. rot away
C. has rotted away
D. are rotted away
25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.
A. is cleaning
B. are cleaning
C. were cleaning
D. have cleaned
26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.
A. have known
B. knows
C. is known
D. are known
二：与高考接轨的语法和词汇知识（主谓一致）
1.Nobody but Jane ____ the secret.
A.know
B.knows
C.have known
D.is known
2.All but one _____ here just now.
A.is
B.was
C.has been
D.were
3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____ tired of having one examination after another.
A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be
4.A library with five thousnd books _______ to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered
B.have offered
C.are offered
D.has offered
5.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A.is not decided
B.are not decided
C.has not decided
D.have not decided
6.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A.were , was
B.was , was
C.was , were
D.were , were
7._____ of the land in that district _____ covered with trees and grass.
A.Two fifth , is
B.Two fifth , are
C.Two fifths , is
D.Two fifths , are
8. This is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A. have
B.has
C.have been
D.has been
9. Between then two rows of trees _____ the teaching building.
A. stand
B.stands
C.standing
D.are
10. All that can be done______.
A. has been done
B.has done
C.have done
D.were done
三.阅读理解
Remember how great exercise was when you were a little kid？Back then racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours，you weren’t thinking fitness，you were thinking entertainment.But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused gym memberships，the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten.Rediscovering it will give you a total-body exercise you can find.
Although considered an excellent form of exercise，jumping rope has never gained widespread acceptance because of two fundamental reasons.First，most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的)
exercise，but they also believe that it is simply too difficult.In other words，they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes that it takes to achieve a beneficial physical outcome.Second，many view it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive—not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact，jumping rope can be great fun if you find a proper way to practice it.Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce over and over again，people good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps.A single bounce，a double-bounce，a skip，a knee-up，side swings，as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping.
Now researchers are learning that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning.It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres to perform in parallel to each other.In short，jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment，time and space，yet leading to a much healthier life.
1．From the first paragraph we learn that________.
A．jumping rope has faded from people’s memories
B．people now have more advanced equipment
C．racing around the playground was preferred
D．people now like to have exercise in a gym
2．Rope jumping has not spread widely because________.
A．it benefits the cardiovascular system
B．it is neither easy nor enjoyable
C．it is considered boring and repetitive
D．it requires little equipment，time and space
3．The first sentence in the 3rd paragraph implies________.
A．there is only one proper way to follow
B．the usual way should not be used
C．the easiest way is always the best
D．there are many ways to follow
4．According to the researchers，jumping rope________.
A．only prepares the brain for learning
B．is suitable for students only
C．helps both brain hemispheres work together
D．can be dangerous for old people
5．What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping?
A．He is arguing against it.
B．He is in favor of it.
C．He is sitting on the fence of it.
D．He is not clear about it.
Book 4 Unit 1Women of achievement period 6
1.n.成就；功绩
2.n. 福利；福利事业
3.n. 项目；工程；规划
4.n. 学会；学院；协会
5.n. 专家；专业工作者
6.vi. 专攻；专门从事；专注于
7.n. 连接；关系
8.n. 运动;战役vi. 作战；参加运动
9.n. 组织；机构；团体
10.vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现
11.n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线
12.adj. 值得的；值得做的
13.n. 巢；窝
14.n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带
15.vt. 观察；观测；遵守
16.n. 观察；观测
17.n. 童年；幼年时代
18.adj. 直言的；坦诚
19.vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意20.vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论
21.n. 争论；争辩；争吵
22.n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
23.n. 人群；观众
24.vt. 挤满；使拥挤
25.vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示
26.n. 灵感；鼓舞
27.n. & vt. 支持；拥护
28.vi. 谈到；查阅；参考
29.n. 观众；听众；读者
30.n. 事业；生涯
31.n. 比率；速度
32.n. 疾病；恶心
33.vt. 计划；打算
34.n. 突发事件；紧急情况
35.n. 一代；一辈
36.n. 决心；果断
37.n. 仁慈；好意
38.adj. 考虑周到的
39.n. 考虑；体谅
40.vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；
41.adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的42.继续；坚持
43.离开；起程；出发
44.全身心投入做某事
45.人类
46.过着……的生活
47碰巧；凑巧
48蔑视；瞧不起
49查阅；参考；谈到50遇见；碰见
51涌上心头；涌入脑海52接生53参考，谈到，查阅
54与……争论;
55偶然）遇见；碰见
56继续，坚持
57肢体语言
58与其；而非
59藐视；瞧不起
60（想法，问题等）涌上心头
61离开，启程，出发
62过着…的生活
一．根据英文提示翻译下列句子。
1. 如果这些孩子的母亲死了，谁来照顾他们呢？(care for)
2. 病人的情况非常危险。(condition)
3. 我们全家人都喜欢体育运动。(family)
4. 只有当他空闲时他才来看我。（Only ...）
5. 观察黑猩猩的习性需要耐心。(observation; behavior)
21. At home, he keeps some pets，to which he ______ all his spare time.
A. spends
B. offers
C. devotes
D. provides
22. She’s tired of acting, and she _______ changing for a new job, but she hasn’t made up her mind
yet.
A. had considered
B. has been considering
C. considered
D. is going to consider
23. Michael is ______ because he never takes any exercise.
A. under conditions
B. on no condition
C. in condition
D. out of condition
24. The flowers ______ my mother, but my sister thought they were for her and took them.
A. were intended for
B. intended for
C. intended to give
D. intended giving
25. She won a Nobel Prize for her scientific ______.
A. interests
B. achievements
C. behavior
D. observation
26. What he said at the meeting means _______ those who had cut down the forests.
A. to argue against
B. to argue for
C. arguing for
D. arguing against
27. Though we spent a lot, we think it _____ because we succeeded in the end.
A. worth
B. worth being spent
C. worthy of
D. worthwhile
28. Don’t ______ a person only because he has failed in an examination.
A. look up
B. look down
C. look down on
D. look up to
29. You’ve done much of the work, and please leave ______ to us.
A. the rest
B. the other
C. another
D. the others
30. I really ______ whether we win or lose.
A. care about
B. care for
C. care
D. care to
31. On the bus, all the people except the driver ______ to talk and laugh during the journey.
A. encouraged
B. were encouraging
C. were encouraged
D. was encouraged
32. Don’t spoil the children. Can’t you make your little boy ______ himself?
A. behave
B. believe
C. perform
D. conduct
33. Only ______ a human being.
A. when is it hungry a lion will attack
B. when it is hungry a lion will attack
C. when it is hungry will a lion attack
D. when is it hungry will a lion attack
34. A good idea just ______ me —Let’s go swimming.
A. beat
B. happened
C. hit
D. struck
35. It ______ at the crossroads ______ he was killed in the accident the other day.
高中物理选修3-1《电场》全套同步练习 第01节 电荷及其守恒定律 [知能准备] 1．自然界中存在两种电荷，即 电荷和 电荷． 2．物体的带电方式有三种： （1）摩擦起电：两个不同的物体相互摩擦，失去电子的带 电，获得电子的带 电． （2）感应起电：导体接近（不接触）带电体，使导体靠近带电体一端带上与带电体相 的电荷，而另 一端带上与带电体相 的电荷． （3）接触起电：不带电物体接触另一个带电物体，使带电体上的 转移到不带电的物体上．完全 相同的两只带电金属小球接触时，电荷量分配规律：两球带异种电荷的先中和后平均分配；原来两球带同 种电荷的总电荷量平均分配在两球上． 3．电荷守恒定律：电荷既不能 ，也不能 ，只能从一个物体转移到另一个物体；或从物体的一部 分转移到另一部分，在转移的过程中，电荷的总量 ． 4．元电荷（基本电荷）：电子和质子所带等量的异种电荷，电荷量e =1.60×10-19C.实验指出，所有带电体 的电荷量或者等于电荷量e ，或者是电荷量e 的整数倍．因此，电荷量e 称为元电荷．电荷量e 的数值最早 由美国科学家 用实验测得的． 5．比荷：带电粒子的电荷量和质量的比值 m q ．电子的比荷为kg C m e e /1076.111?=． [同步导学] 1．物体带电的过程叫做起电，任何起电方式都是电荷的转移，而不是创造电荷． 2．在同一隔离系统中正、负电荷量的代数和总量不变． 例1 关于物体的带电荷量，以下说法中正确的是（ ） A ．物体所带的电荷量可以为任意实数 B ．物体所带的电荷量只能是某些特定值 C ．物体带电＋1.60×10-9C ，这是因为该物体失去了1.0×1010个电子 D ．物体带电荷量的最小值为1.6×10-19C 解析：物体带电的原因是电子的得、失而引起的，物体带电荷量一定为e 的整数倍，故A 错，B 、C 、D 正 确． 如图1—1—1所示，将带电棒移近两个不带电的导体球， 两个导体球开始时互相接触且对地绝缘，下述几种方法中能使两球 都带电的是 （ ） A ．先把两球分开，再移走棒 B ．先移走棒，再把两球分开 C ．先将棒接触一下其中的一个球，再把两球分开 D ．棒的带电荷量不变，两导体球不能带电 解析：带电棒移近导体球但不与导体球接触，从而使导体球上的电荷重新分布，甲球左侧感应出正电荷， 乙球右侧感应出负电荷，此时分开甲、乙球，则甲、乙球上分别带上等量的异种电荷，故A 正确；如果先 移走带电棒，则甲、乙两球上的电荷又恢复原状，则两球分开后不显电性，故B 错；如果先将棒接触一下 其中的一球，则甲、乙两球会同时带上和棒同性的电荷，故C 正确．可以采用感应起电的方法使两导体球 图1—1—1
高中物理选修3-1同步练习题 第一节 电荷及其守恒定律 [同步检测] 1、一切静电现象都是由于物体上的 引起的，人在地毯上行走时会带上电，梳头 时会带上电，脱外衣时也会带上电等等，这些几乎都是由 引起的. 2．用丝绸摩擦过的玻璃棒和用毛皮摩擦过的硬橡胶棒，都能吸引轻小物体，这是因为 （ ） A.被摩擦过的玻璃棒和硬橡胶棒一定带上了电荷 B.被摩擦过的玻璃棒和硬橡胶棒一定带有同种电荷 C.被吸引的轻小物体一定是带电体 D.被吸引的轻小物体可能不是带电体 3．如图1—1—2所示，在带电+Q 的带电体附近有两个相互接触的金属导体A 和B ，均放 在绝缘支座上.若先将+Q 移走，再把A 、B 分开，则A 电，B 电；若先将A 、 B 分开，再移走+Q ，则A 电，B 电. 4．同种电荷相互排斥，在斥力作用下，同种电荷有尽量 的趋势，异种电荷相互吸 引，而且在引力作用下有尽量 的趋势． 5．一个带正电的验电器如图1—1—3所示， 当一个金属球A 靠近验电器上的金属球B 时，验电 器中金属箔片的张角减小，则（ ） A ．金属球A 可能不带电 B ．金属球A 一定带正电 C ．金属球A 可能带负电 D ．金属球A 一定带负电 6．用毛皮摩擦过的橡胶棒靠近已带电的验电器时，发现它的金属箔片的张角减小，由此可 判断（ ） A ．验电器所带电荷量部分被中和 B ．验电器所带电荷量部分跑掉了 C ．验电器一定带正电 D ．验电器一定带负电 7．以下关于摩擦起电和感应起电的说法中正确的是 A.摩擦起电是因为电荷的转移，感应起电是因为产生电荷 B.摩擦起电是因为产生电荷，感应起电是因为电荷的转移 C.摩擦起电的两摩擦物体必定是绝缘体，而感应起电的物体必定是导体 D.不论是摩擦起电还是感应起电，都是电荷的转移 8．现有一个带负电的电荷A ，和一个能拆分的导体B ，没有其他的导体可供利用，你如何 能使导体B 带上正电？ 9．带电微粒所带的电荷量不可能是下列值中的 A. 2.4×10-19C B.-6.4×10-19C C.-1.6×10-18C D.4.0×10-17C 10．有三个相同的绝缘金属小球A 、B 、C ，其中小球A 带有2.0×10-5C 的正电荷，小球B 、 C 不带电．现在让小球C 先与球A 接触后取走，再让小球B 与球A 接触后分开，最后让小 球B 与小球C 接触后分开，最终三球的带电荷量分别为qA= ， qB= ，qC= ． 图1—1—2 图1—1—3
课时作业8 粒子的波动性 1．人类对光的本性的认识经历了曲折的过程。下列关于光的本性的陈述符合科学规律或历史事实的是( ) A．牛顿的“微粒说”与爱因斯坦的“光子说”本质上是一样的 B．光的双缝干涉实验显示了光具有波动性 C．麦克斯韦预言了光是一种电磁波 D．光具有波粒二象性 解析：牛顿的“微粒说”认为光是从光源发出的一种物质微粒，在均匀的介质中以一定的速度传播；爱因斯坦的光子说认为光是一种电磁波，在空间传播时是不连续的，而是一份一份的，每一份叫做一个光子，故本质是不同的，A错。 答案：B、C、D 2．能说明光具有波粒二象性的实验是( ) A．光的干涉和衍射 B．光的干涉和光电效应 C．光的衍射和康普顿效应 D．光电效应和康普顿效应 解析：光的干涉和光的衍射只说明光具有波动性，光电效应和康普顿效应只说明光具有粒子性，B、C正确。 答案：B、C 3．关于光的本性，下列说法中正确的是( ) A．光子说并没有否定光的电磁说
B．光电效应现象反映了光的粒子性 C．光的波粒二象性是综合了牛顿的微粒说和惠更斯的波动说提出来的 D．大量光子产生的效果往往显示出粒子性，个别光子产生的效果往往显示出波动性 解析：光既有粒子性，又有波动性，但这两种特性并不是牛顿所支持的微粒说和惠更斯提出的波动说，它体现出的规律不再是宏观粒子和机械波所表现出的规律，而是自身体现的一种微观世界特有的规律。光子说和电磁说各自能解释光特有的现象，两者构成一个统一的整体，而微粒说和波动说是相互对立的。 答案：A、B 4．下列关于光的波粒二象性的说法中，正确的是( ) A．有的光是波，有的光是粒子 B．光子与电子是同样的一种粒子 C．光的波长越长，其波动性越明显；波长越短，其粒子性越显著 D．大量光子的行为往往显示出粒子性 解析：一切光都具有波粒二象性，光的有些行为(如干涉、衍射)表现出波动性，光的有些行为(如光电效应)表现出粒子性，所以，不能说有的光是波，有的光是粒子。虽然光子与电子都是微观粒子，都具有波粒二象性，但电子是实物粒子，有静止质量，光子不是实物粒子，没有静止质量，电子是以实物形式存在的物质，光子是以场形式存在的物质，所以，不能说光子与电子是同
高中物理学习材料 （马鸣风萧萧**整理制作） 希望中学2010-2011高中物理同步练习 第一章第1课时描述运动的基本概念 1．在2010年央视开年大戏《闯关东》III中，从山东龙口港到大连是一条重要的闯关东路线．假如有甲、乙两船同时从龙口出发，甲船路线是龙口——旅顺——大连，乙船路线是龙口——大连．两船航行两天后都在下午三点到达大连，以下关于两船全航程的描述中正确的是( ) A．两船的路程相同，位移不相同 B．两船的平均速度相同 C．“两船航行两天后都在下午三点到达大连”一句中，“两天”指的是时间，“下午 三点”指的是时刻 D．在研究两船的航行时间时，可以把船视为质点 解析：在本题中路程是船运动轨迹的长度，位移是龙口指向大连的有向线段，两船的路程不相同，位移相同，故A错误；平均速度等于位移除以时间，故B正确；时刻是指某一瞬间，时间是两时刻间的间隔，故C正确；在研究两船的航行时间时，船的大小和形状对所研究的问题影响可以忽略不计，故D正确． 答案：BCD 图1 2.小明周末到公园坐摩天轮(如图1所示)，已知该轮直径为80 m，经过20 min转动一周后， 小明落地，则小明在摩天轮上的平均速度为( )
A ．0.2 m/s B ．4 m/s C ．0 D ．非直线运动，不能确定 解析：平均速度是指位移和所用时间的比值，与直线运动或曲线运动无关．小明在摩天轮上转动一周，总位移为零，故其平均速度为零，C 正确． 答案：C 3． 一物体做匀变速直线运动．当t ＝0时，物体的速度大小为12 m/s ，方向向东，当t ＝2 s 时，物体的速度大小为8 m/s ，方向仍向东，则当t 为多少时，物体的速度大小变为2 m/s ( ) A ．3 s B ．5 s C ．7 s D ．9 s 解析：a ＝v t －v 0t ＝8－122＝－2 m/s 2，故t ′＝v t ′－v 0a ＝±2－12－2 ＝5 s 或7 s. 答案：BC 图2 4. 北京奥运火炬实现了成功登上珠峰的预定目标，如图2所示是火炬手攀登珠峰的线路图， 请根据此图判断下列说法正确的是( ) A ．由起点到终点火炬手所走线路的总长度是火炬的位移 B. 线路总长度与火炬所走时间的比等于登山的平均速度 C ．在计算登山运动的速度时可以把火炬手当成质点 D ．顶峰的重力加速度要比拉萨的重力加速度大 解析：由起点到终点火炬手所走线路的总长度是火炬的路程．线路总长度与火炬所走时间的比等于登山的平均速率．火炬手在运动中，忽略其大小，可以看成质点．顶峰的高度大于拉萨的高度，顶峰的重力加速度要比拉萨的重力加速度小． 答案：C 图3 5．雷达是一种利用电磁波来测定物体位置和速度的设备，某防空雷达发现一架飞机正在以水 平速度朝雷达正上方匀速飞来，已知该雷达发射相邻两次电磁波之间的时间间隔为5×10 －4 s ，某时刻在雷达监视屏上显示的波形如图3甲所示，经过t ＝173 s 后雷达向正上方发射和接收到的波形如图1－1－10乙所示，已知雷达屏上相邻刻度线间表示的时间间隔为 1×10－4 s ，则该飞机的飞行速度大小约为( )
高中物理--摩擦力同步练习及答案 一、单选题 1.有人用水平力推木箱，但没推动．其原因是() A. 推力总小于木箱受到的重力 B. 推力总小于木箱受到的支持力 C. 推力总小于木箱受到的摩擦力 D. 推力小于或等于木箱受到的最大静摩擦力 2.下列说法中正确的是() A. 摩擦力一定与物体的运动方向相反 B. 静摩擦力的方向与接触物体相对运动的趋势方向相反 C. 两物体间没有摩擦力产生说明两物体间的动摩擦因数μ=0 D. 具有相对运动的两物体间一定存在滑动摩擦力作用 3.如图所示，弹簧测力计的一端固定在墙壁上，另一端与小木块A相连。当用力匀速抽出长 木板B的过程中，观察到弹簧测力计的示数为3.0N，若加速抽出木板B，弹簧测力计的示数大小为() A. 一定大于3.0N B. 一定小于3.0N C. 一定等于3.0N D. 一定为零 4.如图所示，一人站在自动扶梯的水平踏板上，随扶梯斜向上匀速 运动，以下说法正确的是() A. 人受到重力和支持力的作用 B. 人受到重力、支持力和向右的摩擦力的作用
C. 人受到重力、支持力和向左的摩擦力的作用 D. 人受到重力、支持力和与速度方向相同的摩擦力的作用 5.如图所示，质量为m的木块放在粗糙的水平地面上，木块与地面间的动摩擦因数为0.5， 水平推力F作用于木块上，但未把木块推动，则在选项图中反映木块受到的静摩擦力F f随水平推力F变化的关系图线是() A. B. C. D. 6.如图所示，将一块各侧面粗糙程度都相同的长方体砖块放在水平桌面上，在平放(甲)、侧 放(乙)或竖放(丙)三种情况下用水平力推它前进，则砖受到的摩擦力的大小关系是() A. F甲>F乙>F丙 B. F乙>F甲>F丙 C. F丙>F乙>F甲 D. F甲=F乙=F丙 7.将质量为1.0kg的木块放在水平长木板上，用力沿水平方向拉木块，拉力从零开始逐渐增 大，木块先静止后相对木板运动，用力传感器采集木块受到的拉力与摩擦力的大小，并用计算机绘制出摩擦力F f随拉力F大小的变化图象，如图所示，木块与木板间的动摩擦因数为() A. 0.3 B. 0.5 C. 0.6 D. 1.0 8.如图所示，左右两边对木板所施加压力都等于 F时，夹在板中间的木块静止不动，现在两边 的力都加到2F，那么木块所受的摩擦力将()
高中物理必修一练习1 质点 1．关于质点，下列说法是否正确（） A．质点是指一个很小的物体B．行驶中汽车的车轮在研究汽车的运动时 C．无论物体的大小，在机械运动中都可以看作质点D．质点是对物体的科学抽象2．下列关于质点的说法中，正确的是（） A．质点是一个理想化模型，实际上并不存在，所以，引入这个概念没有多大意义。 B. 体积很小、质量很小的物体都可看成质点。 C. 不论物体的质量多大，只要物体的形状和大小对所研究的问题没有影响或影响可以 忽略不计，就可以看成质点。 D. 只有低速运动的物体才可看成质点，高速运动的物体不可看作质点。 3．在下列物体的运动中，可视作质点的物体有（） A. 从北京开往广州的一列火车 B. 研究转动的汽车轮胎 C.研究绕地球运动时的航天飞机 D.表演精彩芭蕾舞的演员 4．下列物体中，不能看作质点的是（） A．计算从北京开往上海的途中，与上海距离时的火车 B．研究航天飞机相对地球的飞行周期时，绕地球飞行的航天飞机 C．沿地面翻滚前进的体操运动员 D．比较两辆行驶中的车的快慢 5、在下列运动员中，可以看成质点的是： A、百米冲刺时的运动员 B、在高台跳水的运动员 C、马拉松长跑的运动员 D、表演艺术体操的运动员 6．下列关于质点的说法中正确的是（） A．体积很小的物体都可看成质点B．质量很小的物体都可看成质点 C．不论物体的质量多大，只要物体的尺寸跟物体间距离相比甚小时，就可以看成质点D．只有低速运动的物体才可看成质点，高速运动的物体不可看作质点 7. 下列关于质点的一些说法，其中正确的是（） A．研究和观察日食时，可以把太阳看做质点 B．研究爱地球的公转时可以把地球看做质点 C．研究地球自转时可以把地球看做质点 D．计算一列火车从南京开往北京的途中通过一座桥所用的时间时，火车可以看做质点 时间和时刻 1.关于时刻和时间间隔的下列理解，哪些是正确的？（） A.时刻就是一瞬间，即一段很短的时间间隔 B.不同时刻反映的是不同事件发生的顺序先后 C.时间间隔确切地说就是两个时刻之间的间隔，反映的是某一事件发生的持续程度 D.一段时间间隔包含无数个时刻，所以把多个时刻加到一起就是时间间隔 2.下列选项中表示时刻的是（） A．刘翔110米跨栏用时12.29s
（人教版）高中物理必修2配套练习（全册）同步练习汇总 1.1 新提升·课后作业 一、选择题 1.对于豌豆的一对相对性状的遗传试验来说，必须具备的条件是 ①选作杂交试验的两个亲本一定要是纯种 ②选定的一对相对性状要有明显差异 ③一定要让显性性状作母本 ④一定要实现两个亲本之间的有性杂交 ⑤杂交时，须在开花前除去母本的雌蕊 A．①②③④ B．①②④ C．③④⑤ D．①②⑤ 【解析】在该实验中，选作杂交实验的两个亲本一定要是纯种，①正确；为了便于观察，选定的一对相对性状要有明显差异，②正确；该试验进行了正交和反交试验，结果均相同，因此不一定要让显性亲本作母本，隐性亲本也可作母本，③错误；孟德尔遗传试验过程为先杂交后自交，因此要让两个亲本之间进行有性杂交，④正确；杂交时，须在开花前除去母本的雄蕊，而不是雌蕊，⑤错误。故B项正确，A、C、D项错误。 【答案】 B 2．下列各组中不属于相对性状的是
A．水稻的早熟和晚熟 B．豌豆的紫花和红花 C．小麦的抗病和易感染病 D．绵羊的长毛和细毛 【解析】相对性状是指同种生物的同一性状的不同表现型，水稻的早熟和晚熟是相对性状，故A正确。豌豆的紫花和红花是相对性状，故B正确。小麦的抗病和易感病是相对性状，故C正确。绵羊的长毛和细毛不是同一性状，故D错误。 【答案】 D 3．某男子患白化病，他父母和妹妹均无此病，如果他妹妹与白化病患者结婚，生出病孩的概率是 A．1/2 B．2/3 C．1/3 D．1/4 【解析】该男子患白化病，而其父母和妹妹均无病，说明其双亲是白化病携带者，其妹妹有1/3是纯合子，2/3是杂合子的概率，与白化病患者结婚，生出病孩的概率是2/3×1/2＝1/3，故C正确，A、B、D错误。 【答案】 C 4．大豆的白花和紫花为一对相对性状。下列实验中，能判定性状显隐性关系的是 ①紫花×紫花→紫花 ②紫花×紫花→301紫花＋110白花 ③紫花×白花→紫花 ④紫花×白花→98紫花＋107白花 A．①和③ B．②和③ C．③和④ D．④和① 【解析】亲本和子代都一样，无法判断显隐性，故①错误，A、D错误。亲本都是紫花，而子代出现了白花，说明紫花是显性性状，故②正确。紫花和白花后代都是紫花，说明紫花是显性性状，故③正确，故B正确。亲本是紫花和白花后代也是紫花和白花，无法说明显隐性，故④错误。 【答案】 B 5.孟德尔的一对相对性状的遗传实验中，F2高茎豌豆与矮茎豌豆的数量比接近3:1，最关键的原因是 【解析】分析图形可知，A、B、C都是减数分裂形成配子的过程，D是受精作用产生子代的过程；基因分离定律中，因为杂合子减数分裂能产生D:d＝1:1的配子，雌雄配
（人教版）高中物理选修3-2（全册）课时跟踪同步练习汇总 阶段验收评估（一）电磁感应 (时间：50分钟满分：100分) 一、选择题(本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分，第1～5小题中只有一个选项符合题意，第6～8小题中有多个选项符合题意，全选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分) 1．在无线电仪器中，常需要在距离较近处安装两个线圈，并要求当一个线圈中有电流变化时，对另一个线圈中的电流的影响尽量小。下列各图中的两个线圈的相对安装位置最符合该要求的是()
解析：选D只有按D图安装时，其中一个线圈中的电流产生的磁场穿过另一线圈的磁通量为零，一个线圈中的电流的变化不会使另一线圈发生电磁感应。 2.如图所示，A、B是两个完全相同的灯泡，D是理想二极管，L 是带铁芯的线圈，其电阻忽略不计。下列说法正确的是() A．S闭合瞬间，A先亮 B．S闭合瞬间，A、B同时亮 C．S断开瞬间，B逐渐熄灭 D．S断开瞬间，A闪亮一下，然后逐渐熄灭 解析：选D S闭合瞬间，线圈相当于断路，二极管仅正向导通，故灯泡A、B均不亮，A、B错误；开关S断开瞬间，B立刻熄灭，由于二极管正向导通，故自感线圈与A形成回路，A闪亮一下，然后逐渐熄灭，C错误，D正确。 3.如图所示，左侧闭合电路中的电流大小为I1，ab为一段长直 导线；右侧平行金属导轨的左端连接有与ab平行的长直导线cd， 在远离cd导线的右侧空间存在与导轨平面垂直的匀强磁场，在磁 场区域放置垂直导轨且与导轨接触良好的导体棒MN，当导体棒沿导轨匀速运动时，可以在cd上产生大小为I2的感应电流。已知I1>I2，用f1和f2分别表示导线cd产生的磁场对ab 的安培力大小和ab产生的磁场对cd的安培力大小，下列说法正确的是() A．若MN向左运动，ab与cd两导线相互吸引，f1＝f2 B．若MN向右运动，ab与cd两导线相互吸引，f1＝f2 C．若MN向左运动，ab与cd两导线相互吸引，f1>f2 D．若MN向右运动，ab与cd两导线相互吸引，f1>f2
（精心整理，诚意制作） 希望中学20xx-20xx高中物理同步练习 第一章第1课时 描述运动的基本概念 1．在20xx年央视开年大戏《闯关东》III中，从山东龙口港到大连是一条重要的闯关东路线．假如有甲、乙两船同时从龙口出发，甲船路线是龙口——旅顺——大连，乙船路线是龙口—— 大连．两船航行两天后都在下午三点到达大连，以下关于两船全航程的描述中正确的是() A．两船的路程相同，位移不相同 B．两船的平均速度相同 C．“两船航行两天后都在下午三点到达大连”一句中，“两天”指的是时间，“下午 三点”指的是时刻 D．在研究两船的航行时间时，可以把船视为质点 解析：在本题中路程是船运动轨迹的长度，位移是龙口指向大连的有向线段，两船的路程不相同，位移相同，故A错误；平均速度等于位移除以时间，故B正确；时刻是指某一瞬间，时间是两时刻间的间隔，故C正确；在研究两船的航行时间时，船的大小和形状对所研究的问题影响可以忽略不计，故D正确． 答案：BCD 图1 2.小明周末到公园坐摩天轮(如图1所示)，已知该轮直径为80 m，经过20 min转动一周后，小明落地，则小明在摩天轮上的平均速度为()
A．0.2 m/s B．4 m/s C．0 D．非直线运动，不能确定 解析：平均速度是指位移和所用时间的比值，与直线运动或曲线运动无关．小明在摩天轮上转动一周，总位移为零，故其平均速度为零，C正确． 答案：C 3．一物体做匀变速直线运动．当t＝0时，物体的速度大小为12 m/s，方向向东，当t＝2 s时，物体的速度大小为8 m/s，方向仍向东，则当t为多少时，物体的速度大小变为2 m/s( ) A．3 s B．5 s C．7 s D．9 s 解析：a＝vt－v0 t ＝ 8－12 2 ＝－2 m/s2，故t′＝ vt′－v0 a ＝ ±2－12 －2 ＝5 s或7 s. 答案：BC 图2 4. 北京奥运火炬实现了成功登上珠峰的预定目标，如图2所示是火炬手攀登珠峰的线路图，请根据此图判断下列说法正确的是() A．由起点到终点火炬手所走线路的总长度是火炬的位移 B. 线路总长度与火炬所走时间的比等于登山的平均速度 C．在计算登山运动的速度时可以把火炬手当成质点 D．顶峰的重力加速度要比拉萨的重力加速度大 解析：由起点到终点火炬手所走线路的总长度是火炬的路程．线路总长度与火炬所走时间的比等于登山的平均速率．火炬手在运动中，忽略其大小，可以看成质点．顶峰的高度大于拉萨的高度，顶峰的重力加速度要比拉萨的重力加速度小． 答案：C
第一章运动的描述 1.1 质点、参考系和坐标系 【知识梳理双基再现】 1．机械运动物体相对于其他物体的变化，也就是物体的随时间的变化，是自然界中最、最的运动形态，称为机械运动。是绝对的，是相对的。2．质点我们在研究物体的运动时，在某些特定情况下，可以不考虑物体的和，把它简化为一个，称为质点，质点是一个的物理模型。 3．参考系在描述物体的运动时，要选定某个其他物体做参考，观察物体相对于它的位置是否随变化，以及怎样变化，这种用来做的物体称为参考系。为了定量地描述物体的位置及位置变化，需要在参考系上建立适当的。 【轻松过关锋芒初显能力拓展】 1．敦煌曲子词中有这样的诗句：“满眼风波多闪烁，看山恰似走来迎，仔细看山山不动，是船行。”其中“看山恰似走来迎”和“是船行”所选的参考系分别是（） A．船和山 B．山和船 C．地面和山 D．河岸和流水 2．下列关于质点的说法中，正确的是（） A．质点就是质量很小的物体 B．质点就是体积很小的物体 C．质点是一种理想化模型，实际上并不存在 D．如果物体的大小和形状对所研究的问题是无关紧要的因素时，即可把物体看成质点 3．关于坐标系，下列说法正确的是（） A．建立坐标系是为了定量描写物体的位置和位置变化 B．坐标系都是建立在参考系上的 C．坐标系的建立与参考系无关 D．物体在平面内做曲线运动，需要用平面直角坐标系才能确定其位置4．在以下的哪些情况中可将物体看成质点（） A．研究某学生骑车由学校回家的速度 B．对这名学生骑车姿势进行生理学分析 C．研究火星探测器从地球到火星的飞行轨迹 D．研究火星探测器降落火星后如何探测火星的表面5．在下述问题中，能够把研究对象当作质点的是（） A．研究地球绕太阳公转一周所需时间的多少 B．研究地球绕太阳公转一周地球上不同区域季节的变化、昼夜长短的变化 C．一枚硬币用力上抛，猜测它落地时正面朝上还是反面朝上 D．正在进行花样溜冰的运动员 6．坐在美丽的校园里学习毛泽东的诗句“坐地日行八万里，巡天遥看一千河”时，我们感觉是静止不动的，这是因为选取作为参考系的缘故，而“坐地日行八万里”是选取作为参考系的。7．指出以下所描述的各运动的参考系是什么？ （1）太阳从东方升起，西方落下；（2）月亮在云中穿行；（3）汽车外的树木向后倒退。 （sin30°8．一物体从O点出发，沿东偏北30度的方向运动10 m至A点，然后又向正南方向运动5 m至B点。 =0.5） （1）建立适当坐标系，描述出该物体的运动轨迹； （2）依据建立的坐标系，分别求出A、B两点的坐标。 9．在二战时期的某次空战中，一英国战斗机驾驶员在飞行中伸手触到了一颗“停”在驾驶舱边的炮弹，你如何理解这一奇怪的现象？ 1．A 2.CD 3.ABD 4.AC 5. A 6. 地面、地心 7.（1）地面（2）云（3）汽车 8.（1）坐标系如图,线OAB为运动轨迹（2）x A=53m y A=5m; x B=53m y B=0m 9.由题意可知,炮弹以飞机为参考系，是静止的,所以飞行员不会被炮弹击伤;炮弹相对地面以很大的速度运动，站在地面上的飞行员是不敢抓炮弹的。
教科版高中物理必修一全册同步练习（共31套含解析） （答题时间：20分钟） *1. 下列说法正确的是（） A.一拳打出去 什么也没有打着，所以这个力没有受力物体 B. 不接触的物体，一定没有力的作用 C. 重心一定在物体的几何中心 D. 重力是由于物体 受到地球的吸引而产生的 *2. 放在水平桌面上的书，它对桌面的压 力和它受到的重力之间的关系，不正确的是（） A. 压力就是重力 B. 压力和重力是同一性质的力 C. 压力的施力物体是重力的受力物体D. 压力的受力物体是重力的施力物体 *3. 关于重力，下列说法中正确的是（） A.物体受到的重力大小和方向与物体的运动状态无关 B. 抛出的石块轨迹是曲线，说明石块所受的重力方向在改变 C. 自由下落的石块速度越来越大，说明石块所受的重力越来越大 D. 物体所受的重力作用于重心处，物体的其他部分不受重力作用 **4. 关于重心，下列说法正确的是（） A. 物体的重心一定在物体上 B. 物体的质量全部集中在重心上 C. 物体的重心位置跟物体的质量分布情况和物 体的形状有关 D. 物体的重心跟物体的质量分布没有关系 **5. 下 列说法中正确的是（） A. 力是物体对物体的作用，总是成对出现的B. 只有固体之间才能发生相互作用 C. 重力就是地球对物体的吸引 力 D. 重心就是物体上最重的一点 *6. 对于重力的理解，下列说法 正确的是（） A. 重力大小和物体运动状态有关 B. 重力是由于地球的吸引而使物体受到的力 C. 重力的方向总是垂直接触面向下的 D. 超重时，物体重力增大 *7. 关于重力，以下说法正确的是（） A. 重力的方向总是垂直地面向下的 B. 把空气中的物体浸入水中，物体所受重力变小 C. 挂在绳上静止的物体，它受到的重力就是绳对它的拉力 D. 同一物体在地球各处，重力大小不一定相同 **8. 关于物体的重心，下列说法中正确的是（） A. 物体的重心一定在这个物体上 B. 形状规则的物体的重心在它的几何中心上 C. 在物体上，只有重心才受到重力的作用 D. 一辆装满货物的载重汽车，当把货物卸掉后，它的重心会降低 *9. 如图所示，重200N的小球在一斜面上静止。图中是小丽同学画的小球所受重力的示意图。她画的对吗？为什么？ 1. D解析：力的作用是相互的，有施力物体，一定有受力物体，一 拳打出去，受力物体是空气，选项A错误；不接触的物体，同样也会
1.1 飞机投弹与平抛运动同步练习（沪科版必修2） 1．下列关于平抛运动的说法中正确的是() A．平抛运动是非匀变速运动 B．平抛运动是匀速运动 C．平抛运动是匀变速曲线运动 D．平抛运动是加速度大小变化、方向不变的曲线运动 解析：选C.平抛运动在运动过程中只受重力，所以加速度恒为g，所以是匀变速运动，又因为其运动轨迹为曲线，所以平抛运动是匀变速曲线运动． 2．在做“研究平抛物体运动”的实验中，每次均应将小球从同一位置自由释放．关于释放位置的选择，下列说法中正确的是() A．释放位置低一点好，因为释放位置越低，小球的初速度小，受的阻力小 B．释放位置高一点好，因为释放位置越高，小球的初速度大，平抛射程大，便于测量 C．释放位置以小球恰能从白纸上的左上角射入、从右下角射出为宜D．释放位置不需选择，任意均可 解析：选 C.实验中同一位置释放保证小球平抛时的初速度相同，因为实验中要通过白纸记录，并描迹分析，故选项C说法正确．3．在高空水平向右匀速飞行的飞机上，每隔时间t释放一小球，不计空气阻力，则小球在空中运动时的连线是下图中的() 图1－1－8 解析：选 C.由于小球释放后在水平方向上的速度都与飞机水平飞行的速度相同，所以，小球在相同时间内水平位移相同，故小球在空中的连线是一条竖直线，所以C正确． 4．(2011年福建厦门高一考试)如图1－1－9甲所示的演示实验中，A、B两球同时落地，说明___________________________________________________________ _____________ ___________________________________________________________
高中物理学习材料 （鼎尚**整理制作） 希望中学2010-2011高中物理同步练习 4.1 曲线运动 平抛运动 1. 图4－1－1 物理实验小组利用如图4－1－1所示装置测量物体平抛运动的初速度．他们经多次实验和计算后发现：在地面上沿抛出的速度方向水平放置一把刻度尺，让悬挂在抛出点处的重锤线的投影落在刻度尺的零刻度线上，则利用小球在刻度尺上的落点位置，就可直观地得到小球做平抛运动的初速度．如图四位同学在刻度尺旁边分别制作了速度标尺(图中P 点为重锤所指位置)，可能正确的是( ) 解析：由于高度一定，平抛运动的时间t ＝ 2h g 一定，水平速度v ＝x t ，即v 与x 成正比， 在刻度线上速度分布均匀，A 正确． 答案：A 2. 图4－1－2 如图4－1－2为一个做匀变速曲线运动的质点的轨迹示意图，已知在B 点的速度与加速度相互垂直，则下列说法中正确的是( ) A ．D 点的速率比C 点的速率大
B ．A 点的加速度与速度的夹角小于90° C ．A 点的加速度比 D 点的加速度大 D ．从A 到D 加速度与速度的夹角先增大后减小 解析：质点做匀变速曲线运动，合力的大小方向均不变，加速度不变，故C 错误；由B 点速度与加速度相互垂直可知，合力方向与B 点切线垂直且向下，故质点由C 到D 过程，合力做正功，速率增大，A 正确．A 点的加速度方向与过A 的切线也即速度方向夹角大于90°，B 错误，从A 到D 加速度与速度的夹角一直变小，D 错误． 答案：A 3. 图4－1－3 (2010·北京西城区抽样)随着人们生活水平的提高，高尔夫球将逐渐成为普通人的休闲娱乐．如图4－1－3所示，某人从高出水平地面h 的坡上水平击出一个质量为m 的高尔夫球．由于恒定的水平风力的作用，高尔夫球竖直地落入距击球点水平距离为L 的A 穴．则( ) A ．球被击出后做平抛运动 B ．该球从被击出到落入A 穴所用的时间为 2h g C ．球被击出时的初速度大小为L 2g h D ．球被击出后受到的水平风力的大小为mgh /L 解析：由于受到恒定的水平风力的作用，球被击出后在水平方向做匀减速运动，A 错误； 由h ＝12gt 2得球从被击出到落入A 穴所用的时间为t ＝ 2h g ，B 正确；由题述高尔夫球竖 直地落入A 穴可知球水平末速度为零，由L ＝v 0t /2得球被击出时的初速度大小为v 0＝L 2g h ，C 正确；由v 0＝at 得球水平方向加速度大小a ＝gL /h ，球被击出后受到的水平风 力的大小为F ＝ma ＝mgL /h ，D 错误． 答案：BC 4. 图4－1－4 如图4－1－4所示，在斜面顶端a 处以速度v a 水平抛出一小球，经过时间t a 恰好落在斜面底端P 处；今在P 点正上方与a 等高的b 处以速度v b 水平抛出另一小球，经过时间t b 恰好落在斜面的中点处．若不计空气阻力，下列关系式正确的是( ) A ．v a ＝v b B ．v a ＝2v b C ．t a ＝t b D ．t a ＝2t b 解析：做平抛运动的物体运动时间由竖直方向的高度决定t ＝ 2h g ，a 物体下落的高度 是b 的2倍，有t a ＝2t b ，D 正确；水平方向的距离由高度和初速度决定x ＝v 0 2h g ， 由题意得a 的水平位移是b 的2倍，可知v a ＝2v b ，B 正确． 答案：BD 5.
（鲁科版）高中物理选修3-2课时同步练习汇总 (温馨提示：凡题号前标有☆的为稍难题目) 一、选择题 1．关于感应电流, 下列说法中正确的是() A．只要闭合电路内有磁通量, 闭合电路中就有感应电流产生
B．穿过螺线管的磁通量发生变化时, 螺线管内部就一定有感应电流产生 C．线圈不闭合时, 即使穿过线圈的磁通量发生变化, 线圈中也没有感应电流 D．只要电路的一部分做切割磁感线的运动, 电路中就一定有感应电流 解析：选C.产生感应电流的条件是穿过闭合电路的磁通量发生变化, A、B错误, C正确．电路一部分导体切割磁感线时, 电路中的磁通量不一定变化, D错误． 2.磁通量是研究电磁感应现象的重要物理量．如图所示, 通有恒定电流的 导线MN与闭合线框共面, 第一次将线框由位置1平移到位置2, 第二次 将线框绕cd边翻转到2, 设先后两次通过线框的磁通量变化分别为ΔΦ1 和ΔΦ2, 则() A．ΔΦ1>ΔΦ2B．ΔΦ1＝ΔΦ2 C．ΔΦ1<ΔΦ2D．无法确定 解析：选C.设线框在位置1时的磁通量为Φ1, 在位置2时的磁通量为Φ2, 直线电流产生的磁场在1处比在2处要强．若平移线框, 则ΔΦ1＝Φ1－Φ2；若转动线框, 磁感线是从线框的正反两面穿过的, 一正一负, 因此ΔΦ2＝Φ1＋Φ2.根据分析知：ΔΦ1<ΔΦ2, 选项C正确．3．在如图所示的条件下, 闭合矩形线圈能产生感应电流的是() 解析：选D．A选项中因为线圈平面平行于磁感线, 在以OO′为轴转动的过程中, 线圈平面始终与磁感线平行, 穿过线圈的磁通量始终为零, 所以无感应电流产生；B选项中, 线圈平面也与磁感线平行, 穿过线圈的磁通量为零, 竖直向上运动过程中, 线圈平面始终与磁感线平行, 磁通量始终为零, 故无感应电流产生；C选项中尽管线圈在转动, 但B与S都不变, B 又垂直于S, 所以Φ＝BS始终不变, 线圈中无感应电流；而D选项, 图示状态Φ＝0, 当转过90°时Φ＝BS, 所以转动过程中穿过线圈的磁通量在不断地变化, 因此转动过程中线圈中产生感应电流． 4．如图所示, 一有限范围的匀强磁场的宽度为d, 将一边长为l的正方形导线框由磁场边缘以速度v匀速地通过磁场区域, 若d>l, 则在线框通过磁场区域的过程中, 能产生感应电流的时间段为()
高中物理同步课课练（人教版选修3-1） 第4节磁场对通电导线的作用力 基础部分： 1、关于通电直导线所受的安培力F、磁感应强度B和电流I三者方向之间的关系，下列说法中正确的是（） A、F、 B、I的三者必定均相互垂直 B、F必定垂直于B、I，但B不一定垂直于I C、B必定垂直于F、I，但F不一定垂直于I D、I必定垂直于F、B，但F不一定垂直于B 2、如图所示，在蹄形磁铁的上方放置一个可以自由运动的通电线圈abcd， 最初线圈平面与蹄形磁铁处于同一竖直面内，则通电线圈运动的情况是（） A、ab边转向纸外，cd边转向纸里，同时向下运动 B、ab边转向纸里，cd边转向纸外，同时向下运动 C、ab边转向纸外，cd边转向纸里，同时向上运动 D、ab边转向纸里，cd边转向纸外，同时向上运动 3、如图所示，均匀绕制的螺线管水平放置，在其正中心的上方附近用绝 缘绳水平吊起通电直导线A，A与螺线管垂直，A导线中的电流方向垂直 纸面向里，开关S闭合，A受到通电螺线管磁场的作用力的方向是（） A、水平向左 B、水平向右 C、竖直向下 D、竖直向上 4、如图所示，一根通有电流I的直铜棒MN，用导线挂在磁感应强度 为B的匀强磁场中，此时两根悬线处于紧张状态，下列哪些措施可使 悬线中张力为零（） A、适当增大电流 B、使电流反向并适当减小 C、保持电流I不变，适当增大B D、使电流I反向，适当减小 5、一只电压表读数偏小，为纠正这一偏差，可以采取的措施是（） A、减少表头线圈的匝数 B、增大表内的串联电阻 C、增强表头的永久磁铁的磁性 D、转紧表内的螺旋弹簧 6、如图所示两根平行放置的长直导线a和b载有大小相同，方向相反的 电流，a受到的磁场力大小为F1，当加入一与导线所在平面垂直的匀强磁 场后，a受到的磁场力大小变为F2，则此时b受到的磁场力大小变为（） A、F2 B、F1-F2 C、F1+F2 D、2F1-F2 走进生活实践 7、如图所示，通有电流的导体A可以自由运动，判断导线A受安培力的情况及在安培力作用下导线将如何运动。
（人教版）高中物理必修一课时同步练习（全套） 第一章第1节质点参考系和坐标系 课后强化演练 一、选择题 1．下列关于质点的叙述中正确的是( ) A．质点是真实存在的
B．原子很小，所以原子就是质点 C．质点是一种忽略次要因素的理想化模型 D．地球的质量和体积都很大，所以不能看做质点 解析：质点是忽略了物体的形状和大小而假想的有质量的点，是一种忽略次要因素的理想化模型．因此A错误，C正确．原子虽然很小，但是在研究其内部结构时，不能将原子看成质点．B错误．地球的质量和体积虽然很大，但在研究地球的公转时地球本身的形状和大小可以忽略，地球可以看成质点，D错误． 答案：C 2．(2013～2014学年中山一中月考)在研究下列问题时，可以把汽车看作质点的是( ) A．研究汽车通过某一路标所用的时间 B．研究汽车在斜坡上有无翻倒的危险 C．研究汽车过桥时，可将汽车看作质点 D．计算汽车从天津开往北京所用的时间 解析：研究汽车通过某一路标所用的时间，汽车的长度对研究的结果有很大的影响，故汽车不能看作质点，选项A错误；研究汽车在斜坡上有无翻倒的危险时，汽车的形状对结果影响很大，故选项B错误；研究汽车过桥时，汽车的长度和桥的长度相比，不能认为远小于桥的长度，故此种情况下，汽车不能看作质点，选项C错误；研究汽车从天津天往北京所用时间时，汽车的长度可忽略不计，汽车可以看做质点，故选项D正确． 答案：D 3．(2013～2014学年洛阳市高一期中考试)甲、乙、丙三人各乘一个热气球，甲看到楼房在下降，乙看见甲、丙都在下降，丙看见甲、乙都在上升，则甲、乙、丙相对地面的运动情况可能的是( ) A．甲、乙上升，丙静止B．甲、乙上升，丙下降 C．乙、丙上升，甲下降D．甲、丙上升，乙下降 解析：以楼房为参考系，甲在上升，楼房相对地面是静止的，所以以地面为参考系，甲在上升；乙看到甲在下降，由此可知以地面为参考系乙也在上升；丙看见甲、乙都在上升，说明丙相对地面可能静止，可能相对地面下降，也可能相对地面上升，故选项A、B正确．答案：AB 4．《西游记》中，常常有孙悟空“腾云驾雾”的镜头，即使在科技日新月异的今天通常也采用“背景拍摄法”：让“孙悟空”站在平台上，做着飞行的动作，在他的背后展现出蓝天和急速飘动的白云，同时加上烟雾效果；摄影师把人物动作和飘动的白云及下面的烟雾等一起摄入镜头．放映时，观众就感受到“孙悟空”在“腾云驾雾”．这时，观众所选的参考系是( )
（人教版）高中物理选修3-2（全册）同步练习 汇总 第五章交变电流 1 交变电流
A级抓基础 1．(多选)下列各图中，线圈中能产生交流电的有()
答案：BCD 2．关于线圈在匀强磁场中转动产生的交变电流，以下说法中正确的是() A．线圈平面每经过中性面一次，感应电流方向就改变一次，感应电动势方向不变 B．线圈每转动一周，感应电流方向就改变一次 C．线圈平面每经过中性面一次，感应电动势和感应电流的方向都要改变一次 D．线圈转动一周，感应电动势和感应电流方向都要改变一次 解析：根据交流电的变化规律可得，如果从中性面开始计时有e ＝E m sin ωt和i＝I m sin ωt；如果从垂直于中性面的位置开始计时有e ＝E m cos ωt和i＝I m cos ωt，从而不难看出：线圈平面每经过中性面一次，感应电流方向就改变一次，感应电动势方向也改变一次；线圈每转动一周，感应电流和感应电动势方向都改变两次．C正确．答案：C 3.矩形线圈在磁场中匀速转动时，产生的感应电动势最大值为50 V，那么该线圈由右图所示位置转过30°，线圈中的感应电动势大小
为() A．50 V B．25 3 V C．25 V D．10 V 解析：由题给条件知：交变电流瞬时值表达式为e＝50cos ωt＝50cos θ，当θ＝30°时，e＝25 3V，B对． 答案：B 4．(多选)如图所示，矩形线圈abcd放在匀强磁场中，ad＝bc＝l1，ab＝cd＝l2，从图示位置起该线圈以角速度ω绕不同转轴做匀速转动，则()
A ．以OO ′为转轴时，感应电动势e ＝Bl 1l 2ωsin ωt B ．以O 1O 1′为转轴时，感应电动势e ＝Bl 1l 2ωsin ωt C ．以OO ′为转轴时，感应电动势e ＝Bl 1l 2ωcos ωt D ．以OO ′为转轴跟以ab 为转轴一样，感应电动势e ＝ Bl 1l 2ωsin ? ?? ??ωt ＋π2 解析：以O 1O 1′为轴转动时，磁通量不变，不产生交变电流．无论以OO ′为轴还是以ab 为轴转动，感应电动势的最大值都是Bl 1l 2ω.由于是从与磁场平行的面开始计时，产生的是余弦式交变电流，故C 、D 正确． 答案：CD 5．一矩形线圈在匀强磁场中转动产生的交变电动势为e ＝102sin 20πt V ，则下列说法正确的是( ) A ．t ＝0时，线圈位于中性面 B ．t ＝0时，穿过线圈的磁通量为零 C ．t ＝0时，导线切割磁感线的有效速度最大 D ．t ＝0.4 s 时，电动势第一次出现最大值 解析：由电动势e ＝102sin 20πt V 知，计时从线圈位于中性面时开始，所以t ＝0时，线圈位于中性面，磁通量最大，但此时导线线速度方向与磁感线平行，切割磁感线的有效速度为零，A 正确，B 、C 错误．当t ＝0.4 s 时，e ＝10 2 sin (20π×0.4) V ＝0，D 错误． 答案：A B 级 提能力 6．(多选)如图甲所示，一矩形闭合线圈在匀强磁场中绕垂直于磁场方向的转轴OO ′以恒定的角速度ω转动．当从线圈平面与磁场方向平行时开始计时，线圈中产生的交变电流按照图乙所示的余弦规