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EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 1
用ADS设计功率放大器
EEsof
Cheng-cheng, Xie
Application Engineer
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 2
主要内容：
?PA 的主要指标?DC 分析?偏置电路的建立?稳定性分析
?输入输出匹配电路设计?优化设计?Layout
?PI4DQPSK 调制下测试ACPR
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 3
PA 的主要指标
?工作频带?稳定性稳定系数K ?输出功率
饱和功率（Psat ）1dB 压缩点输出功率（P -1)
?增益、增益平坦度?效率功率效率功率附加效率?线性度
三阶交调系数IM3 五阶交调系数IM5
二次、三次谐波
ACPR AltCPR （Alternate CPR)
?输入输出驻波比
直流输入功率
射频输入功率射频输出功率?=
add
η
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 4
指标实例
?输出功率: 50 W （47dBm ）?输入功率: 1 W ?效率(η) > 50%?二次谐波抑制：40dBC ?偏置电压: 28 V
?选用放大器: MRF9045M
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 5
FET Curve Tracer
FSL_TECH_INCLUDE FTI
FSL_TECH_INCLUDE I_Probe IDS
VAR VAR1VGS =0 V
VDS =0 V Eqn
Var V_DC SRC2Vdc=VGS
DC DC1
Step=0.1
Stop=28*2Start=0SweepVar="VDS"DC
DisplayTemplate disptemp1
"FET_curve_tracer"
Temp
Disp VJ FSL_MRF_MET_MODEL MRF1
MODEL=MRF9045M
V_DC SRC1Vdc=VDS
ParamSweep Sweep1
Step=0.1
Stop=5.0Start=2.5SimInstanceName[6]=SimInstanceName[5]=SimInstanceName[4]=SimInstanceName[3]=SimInstanceName[2]=SimInstanceName[1]="DC1"SweepVar="VGS"
PARAMETER SWEEP
设置需要的Vg 、Vd 扫描范围
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 6
5
10
15
20
25
3035
40
45
50
55
60
1
2
3405VDS
I D S .i , A
VDsat IQ
m3
L o a d _L i n e VDsat
VDS=IDS.i=0.562VGS=3.8000000.600IQ
VDS=IDS.i=0.717VGS=3.80000028.000m3
VDS=IDS.i=0.055VGS=3.100000
33.000Eqn Vsat=indep(VDsat)
Eqn Vq=indep(IQ)Eqn Vmax=indep(m3)
Eqn Imin=m3
Eqn Iq=IQ
Eqn Load_Line=(Vmax-VDS)/RL+Imin Eqn Pq=Iq*Vq
P q
20.089
RL
7.508
Eqn RL=0.5*((Vq-Vsat)**2)/Pout
Eqn Pout=50
从负载曲线可以看出，此放大器工作于AB 类。
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 7
按DC 仿真结果添加偏置电路、封装放大器
VG
VJ
VD
Port P1Num=1
Port P2Num=2
sl_tok_LL2012-F_J_19960828L2
PART_NUM=LL2012-F82NJ 82 nH
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_J_19960828C8
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G330J050 33pF
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_J_19960828C7
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G330J050 33pF
Port P4Num=4
sc_spr_293D_A025_X9_19960828C24
PART_NUM=293D474X9025A2 0.47uF sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_D_19960828C23
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G100D050 10pF MLIN TL22
L=100 mil W=63.668898 mil Subst="MSub1" MLIN TL23
L=100 mil
W=63.668898 mil Subst="MSub1"sc_spr_293D_A025_X9_19960828C19
PART_NUM=293D474X9025A2 0.47uF
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_D_19960828C20
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G100D050 10pF
MLIN TL21
L=100 mil
W=63.668898 mil Subst="MSub1" MLIN TL20
L=100 mil
W=63.668898 mil Subst="MSub1" Port P3Num=3
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_J_19960828C25
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G330J050 33pF
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_J_19960828C17
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G330J050 33pF
FSL_MRF_MET_MODEL MRF1
CTH=-1
RTH=-1TSNK=25MODEL=MRF9045M MSUB MSub1Rough=0 mil
TanD=0.002 T=2.8 mil Hu=3.9e+034 mil Cond=5.8E+08 Mur=1
Er=4.2 H=33.6 mil M Sub
sr_avx_CR_10_K_19960828R13
PART_NUM=CR10-150K 15 Ohm
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_J_19960828C3
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G330J050 33pF
sr_avx_CR_10_K_19960828R12
PART_NUM=CR10-680K 68 Ohm
MLIN TL1
L=2194.444882 mil
W=63.670079 mil Subst="MSub1" MRF9045M_AMP X4
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 8
稳定性测试
VGG VDD VDD
VGG
MRF9045M_AMP X1
S_Param SP2
Step=1.0 MHz
Stop=3000 MHz Start=1 MHz S-PARAMETERS
I_Probe IDD I_Probe IGG
V_DC SRC2
Vdc=VGS
V_DC SRC1Vdc=VDS VAR VAR3
VGS =3.8 V
VDS =28 V Eqn
Var FSL_TECH_INCLUDE FTI
FSL_TECH_INCLUDE
MuPrime MuPrime1
MuPrime1=mu_prime(S)
MuPrime
Mu Mu1
Mu1=mu(S)Mu StabMeas StabMeas1
StabMeas1=stab_meas(S)StabMeas StabFact StabFact1
StabFact1=stab_fact(S)StabFact P_1Tone PORT1Freq=fss
P=polar(dbmtow (-60),0)Z=50 Ohm
Num=1Term R3Z=50 Ohm
Num=2两组稳定性判定函数任取一组即可
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 9稳定性判定
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
3.0
0.51.0
1.5
0.0
2.0
freq, GHz
S t a b M e a s 1
m2
freq=Mu1=1.000
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
3.0
1
2
3
04freq, GHz M u 1
m2
32.00MHz 0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
3.0
1.00
1.051.101.151.20
0.95
1.25freq, GHz
M u P r i m e 1
m3
m3
freq=MuPrime1=0.996
50.00MHz 0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
3.0
1234
05freq, GHz
S t a b F a c t 1
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 10
输出阻抗匹配电路要求
?损耗低?谐波抑制度高?改善驻波比?提高输出功率?增加放大器效率?改善非线性
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 11
LoadPull Setup
vload Vs_low
Vs_high
Refer to the PowerPoint (TM) presentation "LoadPullPres.ppt" within this example project directory for a detailed explanation of these load pull simulation setups.
Specif y desired Fundamental Load Tuner cov erage:
s11_rho is the radius of the circle of ref lection coef f icients simulated. Howev er, the radius of the circle will be reduced if it would otherwise go outside the Smith chart. If y ou want to ov erride this and allow
ref lection coef f icients outside the Smith chart, edit the SweepEquations VAR block, and set max_rho=mag(s11_rho)
s11_center is the center of the circle of simulated ref lection coef f icients pts is total number of ref lection coef f icients simulated Z0 is the sy stem ref erence impedance
Set these v alues:
Set Load and Source impedances at
harmonic frequencies
One Tone Load Pull Simulation; output power and PAE f ound at each f undamental load impedance
VAR VAR2
Z_s_5 =Z0 + j*0
Z_s_4 = Z0 + j*0Z_s_3 = Z0 + j*0Z_s_2 = Z0 + j*0Z_s_fund = 10 + j*0Z_l_5 = Z0 + j*0Z_l_4 = Z0 + j*0Z_l_3 = Z0 + j*0Z_l_2 =Z0 + j*0Eqn
V ar ADS_MOS ADSMOS1N=8*cells
Wtot=(704e-6)*cells Model=adsmos
ADS_MOS_Model adsmos
File="motorola_mosfet_h"
HarmonicBalance HB1
Order[1]=9
Freq[1]=RFfreq HARMONIC BALANCE
I_Probe
Iload
C C2
C=1.0 uF
C C1C=1.0 uF I_Probe Is_high
I_Probe Is_low
L L1
R=
L=1 uH L L2
R=L=1 uH S1P_Eqn S1
Z[1]=Z0
S[1,1]=LoadTuner P_1Tone
PORT1
Freq=RFfreq
P=dbmtow(Pavs)Z=Z_s
Num=1
V_DC SRC2Vdc=Vlow
V_DC SRC1
Vdc=Vhigh
VAR
global ImpedanceEquations
Eqn
V ar ParamSweep Sweep2PARAMETER SWEEP
VAR
SweepEquations Z0=50
pts=100s11_center =-0.6 +j*0.2s11_rho =0.75
Eqn
Var VAR VAR1cells=28
Eqn
V ar VAR
STIMULUS Vlow=2
Vhigh=5.8RFfreq=850 MHz Pavs=10 _dBm Eqn
Var 插入DesignGuide/LoadPull/One Tone LoadPull Simulation ，并替换放大器模型
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 12
综合PAE 、Pdel ，选取最佳输出匹配阻抗
m3
-0.903
real_indexs11 (-0.990 to -0.210)
s u r f a c e _s a m p l e s
m3
real_indexs11=surf ace_samples=0.914 / 171.215imag_indexs11=0.139568
impedance = Z0 * (0.045 + j0.077)
-0.90350.48
PAE, %
2.264 + j
3.833
Impedance at marker m3
44.44
Power Delivered (dBm)
Move Marker m3 to select impedance value and corresponding PAE and delivered power values.
Simulated Load Reflection Coefficients
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 13
在SmithChart 上进行输出阻抗匹配
2.3-j*
3.8
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 14
验证输出阻抗匹配
S_Param SP1
Step=0.025 GHz
Stop=3.0 GHz Start=0.11 GHz S-PARAMETERS
Term Term1Z=50 Ohm
Num=1DA_SmithChartMatch1_output_match_design
DA_SmithChartMatch1
Z0=50 Ohm
Zl=(2.300-j*3.900) Ohm
Zs=50 Ohm
F=760 MHz
Term Term2Z=2.3-j*3.8Num=2P ort P 2Num=2
Port P1Num=1
C C3
C=27.689016 pF
C C2
C=2.307137 pF
TLIN TL3
F=760 MHz
E =25.92Z=22.85 Ohm TLIN TL2
F=760 MHz
E=32.25Z=50 Ohm TLIN TL1
F=760 MHz
E =8.891Z=50 Ohm C C1
C=12.975203 pF
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 15
输出阻抗匹配仿真结果
freq (110.0MHz to 3.000GHz)
S (1,1)
S (2,2)m1
m1
freq=S(2,2)=0.013 / 136.415
impedance = 49.071 + j0.869
760.0MHz
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
3.0
-30-20
-10
-40
freq, GHz
d B (S (2,1))
可见，在760MHz 时，对已知的阻抗匹配良好
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 16
在输出阻抗匹配情况下进行SourcePull
m3
-0.959
real_indexs11 (-0.993 to -0.507)
s u r f a c e _s a m p l e s
m3
real_indexs11=surf ace_samples=0.964 / 174.044imag_indexs11=0.100000
impedance = Z0 * (0.018 + j0.052)
-0.95951.43
PAE, %
0.924 + j2.600
Impedance at marker m3
46.07
Power Delivered (dBm)
Move Marker m3 to select impedance value and corresponding PAE and delivered power values.
Simulated Source Impedances
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 17
将输入输出匹配网络替换为真实值
MSUB MSub1Rough=0 mil
TanD=0.002 T=2.8 mil Hu=3.9e+034 mil Cond=5.8E+08 Mur=1
Er=4.2 H=33.6 mil MSub
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_D_19960828C24
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G090D050 9pF
Port P1Num=1
MLIN TL16
L=205.546063 mil W=63.670079 mil Subst="MSub1" Port P2Num=2
MLIN TL17
L=414.385827 mil
W=199.971654 mil Subst="MSub1" MLIN TL18
L=802.433071 mil W=63.670079 mil Subst="MSub1" sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_C_19960828C25
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G020C050 2pF sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_J_19960828C26
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G220J050 22pF
TLIN TL3
F=760 MHz E=18.00
Z=22.85 Ohm
C
C3C=42.80523 pF
TLIN TL2
F=760 MHz E=32.91
Z=50 Ohm
C
C2C=2.047247 pF
TLIN TL1
F=760 MHz
E=8.430Z=50 Ohm C C20
C=12.117875 pF
TLIN TL11
F=760 MHz E=32.91Z=50 Ohm TLIN TL10
F=760 MHz
E=18.00Z=22.85 Ohm sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_J_19960828C21
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G220J050 22pF
sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_C_19960828C22
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G020C050 2pF sc_mrt_MC_GRM40C0G050_D_19960828C23
PART_NUM=GRM40C0G090D050 9pF
TLIN TL12
F=760 MHz E=8.430Z=50 Ohm
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 18
扫描输入功率
Vin
Vload input_match X 5
MRF9045M_AMP X 4
output_match
X 3V_DC SRC1Vdc=VDS
I_Probe Iload
R R1
R=50 Ohm
VAR VAR1
Pin=30
VGS =3.8 V VDS =28 V Eqn
Var VAR VAR2
fo=760.0 MHz
Eqn
Var FSL_TECH_INCLUDE FTI
FSL_TECH_INCLUDE HarmonicBalance HB1
Step=1
Stop=40Start=-30SweepVar="Pin"Order[1]=15
Freq[1]=fo HARMONIC BALANCE
P_1Tone PORT1Vdc=
Freq=fo P=dbmtow(Pin)Z=50.0 Ohm Num=1
I_Probe Iin
V_DC SRC2Vdc=VGS
EEsof,Cheng-cheng,Xie
Feb,16,2006
Page 19输出功率曲线
Eqn Pdel_Watts=real(0.5*Vload[1]*conj(Iload.i[1]))Eqn Pdel_dBm = 10*log10(Pdel_Watts)+30
-20
-10
0102030-3040
20
40
-20
60
Pin
P d e l _d B m
Output
Output
Pin=Pdel_dBm=45.570
30.000
输出功率尚未
达到指标要求