8B U7 考点清单The Unknown World
词汇精讲
1.Unknown adj.未知的
Be known for = be famous for
Be known as= be famous as
2.mention v.提及；说起
She mentions you in this letter.
【拓展】
mention doing sth 提到做某事: He mentioned seeing her often.
Don’t mention it. 不用客气。对感谢，道歉的礼貌回答。
3.quiet adj. 安静的quietly adv. 安静地
The sea was very quiet.
He always speaks quietly.
4.frightened adj. 惊吓的；害怕的I’m too frightened to ask him now.
【固定搭配】
be frightened of sth. /doing sth. 害怕某事/做某事
be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事
5.discover v.发现；找到；发觉：He didn’t discover his mistake.
discovery n. 发现
6.fear n. 害怕；惧怕：Her eyes showed no fear.
7.Pleased adj.=______ _______ 高兴的
_________ n.愉快高兴满足乐事乐趣
_________ adj. 令人愉快的讨人喜欢的使人满意的
对…很满意______ __________ _________ __________
_________ ________ ________ _________ _________ =be happy to do sth 很高兴做某事
◆Pleased/ pleasing/ pleasant的区别：
1)Pleased 形容从内心发出的喜悦，主语常为人
I saw a beautiful scenery today, and I was very pleased.
2)Pleasing 是外界给予的刺激，主语经常为物也可以为人。多指外在的、表面的东西。
The news is very pleasing.
3)Pleasant 形容对方本身，多指令人愉快的、内在的、本质的东西。
A pleasant voice/weather/outlook
8. a kind of 一种：What kind of house do you live in?
kind of 有一点，稍微；有几分：She was feeling kind of tired.
9.share v. 均分；分摊：Two boys share the room.
固定搭配：share…with sb. （与某人）和……分享
I shared my cake with him.
要点精析
1.I’m sure something landed in the forest near the hills as I heard a loud noise last night.
loud adj. 响亮的；大声的：She spoke in a very loud voice.
2.let’s explore after school.
explore v.勘探；勘查；探索；They explored the land to the south of the river.
As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.
3.The spaceship was damaged because of a crash.
damage v. 毁坏；破坏：The fire badly damaged the town hall.
4.I wonder what it means.
Wonder v. 觉得奇怪; 想知道n.奇迹；惊讶_________ adj. __________adv.
◆具体用法：
（1）wonder + wh- +不定式
我想知道去哪里度假：
（2）wonder +if（whether）从句
我想知道你今晚是否有空：
（3）wonder+ at sth
I wonder at his doing that.
5.Receive v.收到接到接纳接待
Receive/accept/take 三个单词的区别：
(1)receive表示收到（客观事实）
If you receive a request like this, you can’t fail to obey it!
(2)Accept 表示收到（高兴的、主观上的）
She has received his present, but she will not accept it!
(3)Take表示的接受包含有人赠给的意思
Did you take his advice?
He takes anything he is given.
8B U7 考点清单Unit 7 The Unknown World 【课文分析】
Reading A
1. What do you know about...?
know about 了解，知道关于……的情况；
e.g. Do you know about this computer game?
2. Do you agree with the following sentences?
【辨析】
(1) 共同点：都可以表示_______________;
(2) 区别：
①agree with 还可以表示与（气候或食物等）相适合；后面一般跟某人或是某人说的意见、想法；后面
还可以what引导的从句。
e.g. The climate here agrees with me .我适应这儿的气候。
②agree to 一般表示个人同意；后面一般跟建议、议案、计划、安排等。后面不能接人。还可以用语结
构：agree to do sth.
e.g. Do you agree to that plan?
Do they agree to help that woman?
③agree on 表示协商一件事的人们或单位，就文件、计划、行动等，达成共识。后面接表示具体协议
的文件、计划等。
e.g. We agreed on a price for the car.我们商定了这辆汽车的价格。
They agreed on the project at last. 最后他们就这项工程达成了共识。
【精练】用agree to, agree with, agree on的正确形式填空。
1). I quite______ their suggestions.
2). I quite _______ what you said.
3). I______ the proposal(the plan).
4). After discussion(讨论), all staff __________ the name to the product.
5). He _______ get someone to help us.
6). I don’t quite ________ their methods(opinions, ideas).
7). He ________ get someone to help us.
8). Do you _______this arrangement？
9). She______ get everything ready before I come.
3. Aliens came to the Earth thousands of years ago, and made some buildings.
①thousands of 成千上万的；几千；许多；e.g. Thousands of people hunt and fish for a living.
②thousand 千；e.g. There are about three thousand students in our school.
4. Aliens sometimes take people from the Earth into their spaceships.
sometimes 有时，表示频率 e.g. Sometimes the patient cried for the pain.
sometime 指某一个不明确的时间，用
在过去时态和将来时态e.g. I’d like to see the film sometime next week.
some time 一段时间 e.g. The boss decided to live in the big house
for some time.
some times 几倍，几次 e.g. I’ve been there for some times.
5. What happened to the light?
happen “偶然，碰巧发生”，多用于客观事物或情况的发生
take place 不带偶然的意思，多指事先安排好的事情发生
6. Tina woke up at midnight.
①wake up 醒来；叫醒；e.g. I didn’t wake up until 12 o’clock.
②at midnight 半夜；e.g. He will drop in at midnight.
【拓展】at noon 在中午at night 在深夜
7. She looked out of her window and saw a yellow light in the sky.
【辨析】look out, look at, look for, look after, look out of, look up
look out 注意；当心；小心 e.g. Look out! The car is coming.
look out of 从……朝外看 e.g. Please don’t look out of the window when you are having
classes.
look for 寻找；强调过程 e.g. The book is missing, so I have to look for it everywhere. look after 照顾，照料 e.g. My grandma is ill. I have to look after her at home.
look at 看着 e.g. He looked at me and smiled.
look up 查阅；仰视 e.g. Look up the dictionary(字典) if you meet some new words. 【精练】
1). Kate didn’t go to t he movie last night because she had to ________ her sick dog at home.
A. look for
B. look after
C. look at
D. look up
2). --- Excuse me, Miss Liu. I don’t know the meaning(意思) of the sentence.
--- You’d better first __________ the new words.
A. look for
B. look after
C. look at
D. look up
3). I have to move to Guangzhou in the near future, so I’m _________ a new house there.
A. looking for
B. looking after
C. looking at
D. looking up
4). The teacher asked the students to _________ the blackboard.
A. look for
B. look after
C. look at
D. look up
8. The next morning, Tina mentioned it to her brother Tom.
mention 提到；说起
及物动词，后面可接名词、代词、动名词作宾语，还可以接that从句和疑问词引导的从句。e.g. Don’t mention this problem tonight.
She forgot to mention where we should meet.
9. I’m sure something landed in the forest near the hills as I heard a loud noise last night.
①as 因为，引导原因状语从句；
e.g. As she is old, there are few jobs for her.
②noise 噪音；
【辨析】noise, sound, voice
noise 噪音，令人烦恼的嘈杂声 e.g. We must abate the noise in the city.
sound 指人们能听到的各种声音 e.g. There was not a sound in the shop.
e.g. He repeated the sentences in a low voice.
voice 人声带发出的声音或鸟叫声，
但其余动物的叫声不可用
10. They heard some voices speaking a strange language, so they hid behind some bushes and kept quiet.
① keep 保持，可接形容词或动词ing；
keep 保存，保留，可接名词；
e.g. You must keep calm in an emergency.
Please keep sitting where you are.
【keep常用短语】
keep away ( from ) 使……不接近keep up with 跟上
keep in touch with 与……保持联系keep from 阻止；隐瞒
11. The spaceship was damaged because of a crash.
①damage vt. 损害；伤害n. 伤害；损失
e.g. Drinking and smoking can damage your health.
You should pay for the damage.
hurt 多指精神上、感情上或肉体上的创伤和伤害 e.g. They wanted to repair the house as
it has been damaged.
damage 主要指对价值或功能的破坏 e.g. Her words hurt my feelings.
He fell and hurt his leg.
②because of 因为，后面接名词；
e.g. He cried sadly because of my fault.
12. The children were frightened.
frightened vi.; vt. 惊吓；使惊吓；
e.g. You’ll find that I won’t be frightened easily.
【注意】frighten 常用于被动语态，其后可接at, by, of 或with 来表示被某一突然出现的人或物所惊吓。
①接of表示习惯性地害怕某人或某物；
②接to表示惊吓的程度；
③frightened可做形容词“害怕地；担心的”；
13. It discovered them and made a terrible noise!
discover 有意识地去寻找和发现某种已经
e.g. Columbus discovered America in 1492.
存在的事物或现象
invent 发明以前不存在的东西 e.g. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
find 非正式用语，表示找到，发现 e.g. Please find a hat for me.
14. The children ran away in fear.
fear n. 担心；恐惧；害怕；
15. The next morning, Tina and Tome told their parents about the strange creatures.
tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事
e.g. I am going to tell everybody about her secret.
16. There was something written on the spaceship.
written on the spaceship 过去分词短语充当something 的后置定语
【过去分词充当定语】
单个过去分词作定语通常前置，过去分词短语做定语通常放在被修饰词的后面。
及物动词的过去分词与被修饰词之间一般是被动关系。
e.g. We played a game called “ trick and treat”.
I have a friend named Jack.
【精练】
1). Most of the artists __________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. had been invited
2). Sometimes _____English is quite different from _______English in many ways.
A speaking; writing
B spoken; written
C speaking; written
D spoken; writing
3). The ______ dishes lay on the floor.
A. breaking
B. broken
C. broke
D. break
4). The television is a ______ machine.
A. newly-invented
B. new-invented
C. newly-invent
D. newly-invention
17. I wonder what it means.
①wonder vt. 对……感到好奇；想弄明白； e.g. I wonder who she is. 我在想她到底是谁。
②wonder n. 奇迹；奇事；e.g. The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world.
18. Since no one else saw these aliens, I refused to believe you.
①since 表示“既然；因为”，引导原因状语从句；
e.g. Since you are a girl, you shouldn’t go back home at midnight.
②refuse 拒绝refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
e.g. He refuses to answer that question.
【判断】
1. He refused that he had ever taken the books. ( )
2. He refused to admit(承认) that he had ever taken the books. ( )
3. He refused admitting the fault. ( )
4. He refused to admit the fault. ( )
总结：___________________________________________________________________
19. The children spread their wings and flew to school together.
①spread one’s wings (鸟)张开翅膀；在实践中检验自己的能力；
e.g. She spread her wings and flew down.
We hope school life will help us to spread our wings.
20. Dad looked at the piece of paper with the strange mark on it.
①with the strange mark on it 为with的复合结构
(1) with/ without + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词
e.g. I would like to sleep with door closed.
(2) with / without + 名词/ 代词+ 介词短语
e.g. With the children at school, we can’t go everywhere we want to.
(3) with/ without + 名词/ 代词+ to do 表示将要发生的动作
e.g. With a lot of homework to do, he wasn’t allowed to play computer.
(4) with/ without + 名词/ 代词+ doing 现在分词和前面的名词、代词是逻辑上的主谓关系
e.g. With the prices going up so fast, we can’t afford the house.
(5) with/ without + 名词/ 代词+ 过去分词过去分词与前面的名词、代词是逻辑上的动宾关系
e.g. He had to walk home with her bike stolen.
21.. “It look strange, ” he said, as he looked at the work “ EARTH”.
① look 在此处是系动词，有“seem,smell, taste, feel, sound”的用法相同。后面可直接+形容词。
【精练】
1. She looks ____.
A. happy
B. to be happy
C. happily
D. that she is happy
2. The table ____ very smooth.
A. look
B. turn
C. feels
D. smell
3. The flowers ____ fragrant（芳香）.
A. get
B. smells
C. smell
D. feels
4. Her voice ____ like my mother's.
A. sounds
B. sound
C. looks
D. look
②as 当……时候，引导时间状语从句。
【辨析】when, while, as
while 引导两个同时进行的持续时间长的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。
还有“然而”的意思。e.g. He entered the room when/ while/ as the meeting was going on.
He was watching TV while his wife was cooking.
e.g. When I meet the right man, I will get married.
when 两个动作既可同时发生，也可一前一后发
生。也可以是持续性动作，也可以是短暂
性动作。
e.g. As time went by, she becomes more and more beautiful. as 两个动作同时发生，具有延续的含义。一
般是强调“一边……一边……”，还有“随
着”的意思，表示时间推移。
改错。
1. She is fat but I am thin. ____________________________________________________
2. It was raining while we arrived. ____________________________________________________
3. She sang while he walked. ____________________________________________________
用when , while填空
1．______ Margo was talking on the phone, her sister walked in.
2．______ we visited the school, the children were playing games.
3．______ Sarah was at the barber’s , I was going to class.
4．______I saw Carlos, he was wearing a green shirt.
5．______allen was cleaning his room, the phone rang.
6．______ Rita bought her new dog, it was wearing a little coat.
7．______He was driving along ______ suddenly a woman appeared.
8．______ Jake was waiting at the door , an old woman called to him.
9．He was reading a book ______ suddenly the telephone one rang.
10．______ it began to rain, they were playing chess.
重点句型：
1.Mention sth to sb. 向某人提及某事
2.Be sure that 确信
3.Because of +名词或代词或名词性短语表示因为
Because +（that）+句子表示因为
4.There is sth+ 动词过去分词某物被。。。。
5.Since +从句表示原因
Grammer 原因状语从句
1.原因状语从句告诉我们为什么事情发生，我们通常用because，since和as来引导原因状语从句。
Because I had a high fever, I stayed at home yesterday.
注意：
当我们把原因状语从句放在句首时，通常要用逗号把它与主句隔开，也可以把时间状语从句置于主句之后。
I stayed at home yesterday because I had a high fever.
2.since 与as 同样可当作表示原因的连词使用，because 最直接地表示主句和从句间的关系。since仅次于
because，表示“正因为，鉴于”等含义，说话者对认同之事加以确认，常用于句首。as用于表示原因，主从句并重。
3.because of 也可以用来表示原因，其后接名词或名词性短语等。
广州版初中英语词汇表 7上 Unit 1 Walker n.沃克 Newcastle n.纽卡斯尔 UK n.英国 address n.地址 penfriend n.笔友magazine n.杂志 hobby n.业余爱好 own v.拥有 architect n.建筑师 form n.年级 keen adj.喜爱的；着迷的rugby n.橄榄球运动physics n.物理学engineer n.工程师photograph n.照片 table tennis n.乒乓球partner n.搭档；同伴pioneer n.先锋队员primary adj.小学教育的captain n.队长；组长；船长 difficult adj.困难的；麻烦的 handwriting n.笔迹；书法coach n.教练 Canberra n.堪培拉 Unit 2 business n.公司；生意discuss v.讨论 client n.客户 achieve v.达到；完成grade n.成绩等级 fail v.(考试)不及格twice adv.两次 collect v.接走；收集attend v.参加 club n.俱乐部 violin n.小提琴 continue v.继续做 junior adj.初级的comb v.梳；梳理(头发) nearby adv.在附近；不远 arrive v.到达 once adv.一次 spend v.花费(时间) brush v.用刷子刷 honestly adv.诚实地 physical adj.身体的 Superman n.(特指电影人物) 超人 hold v.抱住；拿着；举行 except prep.除了……之外 biology n.生物学 Unit 3 ferry n.渡船；渡口；摆渡 argue v.争论；吵架 show v.出示；给……看 stare v.盯着 steal v.偷 purse n.钱包 follow v.跟随 ring v.(铃)响 hurry v.匆忙；赶快(做某 事) aboard adv.上(船、飞机等) report v.举报；报告 theft n.偷窃 handcuffs n.手铐 sigh v.叹气 project n.课题 complete v.完成 due adj.到期的 grab v.抓住 pretty adv.相当 cycle v.骑(自行车) hurt v.受伤；伤害 wonder v.想知道 guilty adj.内疚的 rush v.冲；奔 booth n.(电话)亭 bicycle n.自行车 newspaper n.报纸 press v.按；挤压 button n.按钮 lift v.抬起 discover v.发现 Thai adj.泰国的；泰国人 的 robbery n.抢劫 helicopter n.直升机 university n.大学 choice n.选择 obey v.服从；顺从 compare v.对比；比较 mind n.想法；思想 allow v.允许 farming n.农场经营；务农 lie n.谎言 point n.特点；特征 cross v.穿过；横过 trip v.摔倒；绊倒 lie v.躺；平躺 Unit 4 however adv.然而；不过 nearly adv.几乎；差不多 system n.系统 consist (of) v.由……组 成 Indian n,印度人 invent v.发明 develop v.发展 invention n.发明 calculate v.计算 abacus n.算盘 accurate adj.准确无误的 bead n.(有孔的)珠子 wire n.金属丝；金属线 represent v.代表 bottom adj.底部的 figure n,数字 multiply v.乘；乘以 add v.加 electronic adj.电子的 calculator n.计算器 subtract v.从……减去 divide v.除；除以
初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数
形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数
英语作文常用谚语、俗语 1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth. 说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。 2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. 一知半解，自欺欺人。 3、All rivers run into sea. 海纳百川。 4、All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending. 不善始者不善终。 7、Actions speak louder than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 8、A faithful friend is hard to find. 知音难觅。 9、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 10、A friend is easier lost than found. 得朋友难，失朋友易。 11、A good beginning is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。 12、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善终。 13、A good book is a good friend. 好书如挚友。 14、A good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口。 15、A mother's love never changes. 母爱永恒。
(A) In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo. The next important date in the history of photography was in 1832. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He uses a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype. Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. People took pictures of famous buildings, cities and mountains. In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to' carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard. Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike (栩栩如生的). Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies of the real world. They showed us feeling, like other kinds of art. ( ) 1. The first photo taken by Niepce was a picture of . A. his business B. his house C. his garden D. his window ( ) 2. The Daguerreotype was . A. a Frenchman B. a kind of picture C. a kind of camera D. a photographer ( ) 3. If a photographer wanted to take pictures of moving things in the year of 1840, he had to . A. watch lots of films B. buy an expensive camera C. stop in most cities D. take a lot of film and something else with him
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
Unit 1 Helping those in need Voluntary work Three teenagers offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays. They wrote the following reports. I did some voluntary work in a children’s hospital . The children there all suffer from serious illnesses. we organized a painting competition for them. I meet a girl called Cindy .She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. I went there and took some photos of it. Cindy used them for her painting. Betty There are many children without parents .I met some of these children with my mother .we taught them to tell stories .This helps them express their feelings. One child said ,”My friends don’t understand my pain. We spend time with a girl called Vivien. Her parents died in a car accident, and she is unhappy and very lonely. She needs friendship. My mother and I will continue to visit Vivien. Mark I want to help disabled children. They have difficulty walking or moving. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace. I met a boy called Tim. He hurt his legs in an accident ,but he has lots of courage. We need to help children like Tim and raise their spirits . I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. Annie 译文： 三名青少年在学校放假期间主动做一些志愿工作。他们写了以下报告。 我在一家儿童医院做了一些义工。那里的孩子都患有严重的疾病。我们为他们组织了一次绘画比赛。 我遇到了一个叫辛蒂的女孩，她想画一幅她家附近的公园的照片。我去那里拍了一些照片。辛蒂用它们来画画。贝蒂 有很多孩子没有父母。我和妈妈认识了一些这样的孩子。我们教他们讲故事。这帮助他们表达他们的感受。一个孩子说：“我的朋友不理解我的痛苦。 我们和一个叫费雯的女孩共度时光。她的父母死于车祸，她很不开心，很孤独。她需要友谊。我母亲和我将继续拜访费雯。作记号 我想帮助残疾儿童。他们行走或行走有困难。我教他们唱歌，因为音乐能给他们带来欢乐和和平。 我遇到了一个叫蒂姆的男孩。他在一次事故中弄伤了双腿，但他有很大的勇气。我们需要帮助像蒂姆这样的孩子，振作起来。今后我会继续做义工。安妮 Unit2 Body language
初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习 初一年级(上) 【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about ?? 3. Let's do sth. 4. It's time to do sth. 5. It's time for ? 6. What's ?? It is ?/ It's ? 7. Where is ?? It's ?. 8. How old are you? I'm ?. 9. What class are you in? I'm in ?. 10. Welcome to ?. 【名师讲解】 1.in/on 在表示空间位置时， in 表示在某个空间 的范围以内， 例如： There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。 2. this/that/these/those (1) this 常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话 人的人和事， 时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的 人和事， look in that one over there. 11. What's ?plus ?? It's ?. 12. I think ? 13. Who's this? This is ?. 14. What can you see ？ I can see ?. 15. There is (are) ?. 16. What color is it (are they)? It's (They're) ? 17. Whose ?is this? It's ?. 18. What time is it? It's ?. III. 交际用语 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr ?. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? I'm fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! You're welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. What's your name? My name is ?. 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Who's on duty today? 11. Let's do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要语法 those 时 that 的复数形式。 你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒 子。 on 表示在某一个物体的表面之上。 There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。 these 是 this 的复数形式。 that 常常用来指在 例如： You look in this box and I'll
广州市初中英语教材第一册教材分析 田小群 一、教学建议 SWE教材第1册（1A）为初一新生小学6年级所学，由于中小学教学的重点和教学方面有所不同，建议教师们： 1、钻研教材、以备课组为单位制定有效教学计划。 2、视学生基础用4周到8周（重点学校或实验班用4周；普通学校用6周，薄弱学校用8周）时间系统复习（1A）。 2、分专题、抓重点组织复习，可以分为：时态、句子结构、语音、词汇（含词组）和交际用语等专题。 3、回归学生主体，改进教法、及时反馈、引导学生学会归纳、学会学习、提高课堂教学质量。 4、实现学生作业形式的多样化，通过2-4套综合试题检测掌握程度，学习帮助学生达到1A教材的教学要求。 5、重视学习方法的指导，提高“学习支持”的有效性。 说明：本学期期末考试范围：SWE 1A （全册）+2A（U1—U6）。 二、内容分析 1）动词时态 ①一般现在时（动词第三人称单数形式）（U1，U2） ②现在进行时（U3） ③一般将来时（U8） 2）词类及句子学习 ①构词法：名词变形容词的方法（U7） ②频度副词（U2） ③序数词（U5） ④介词（表地点）（U6） ⑤代词（U8） 3) 交际用语 ●问候 (U1) ●问某人一周的情况(U2) ●询问时间 (U3)
●邀请与应答 (U3) ●谈论喜好 (U3) ●道别（U3） ●提供帮助 (U4) ●买东西/ 告知价格/ 同意购买/ 核实（U4） ●问日期与应答（U5） ●表示道歉和应答（U5） ●表示要求和提供建议（U5） ●问路及应答（U6） ●问天气及应答（U7） ●制定计划 ●表示赞同和喜悦（U8） 三、课型分析
初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。
1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。
初中英语语法大全汇总 （一） 一.词类(Parts of Speech) 名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等 冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。例词a(an),the 代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词例词we,that,his,what 形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 例词old,red,fine,good. 数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。例词one,thirteen first 动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。例词sit,go,be(am,is,are) 副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。例词not too,here,very 介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。例词in,on,of,to,under. 连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。例词and,or,but. 感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。例词oh,hello,hi,er. 二.名词(Nouns) 1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。 专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。 Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。 专有名词的第一个字母要大写。 普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革 普通名词又可进一步分为四类 1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。 house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片 2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。 people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政府group 集团 3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。 fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶 4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。 labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力 2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如: an apple two apples a car some cars 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。 sand 沙sugar 糖 有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。 glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件 名词的功能 名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。 The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。 书包在桌子里边。 I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。 昨天我洗了我的衣服。
初中英语教材六册书全册新版单词表（沪教牛津版） 七年级上册词汇表 Unit 1 1. German adj.德国的 2. *blog n. 博客 3. grammar n. 语法 4. sound n. 声音 5. complete v. 完成 6. hobby n. 爱好 7. country n. 国家 8. age n. 年龄 9. dream n. 梦想 10. everyone pro n. 人人；所有人 11. Germany n. 德国 12. mountain n. 山；山脉 13. elder adj. 年长的 14. friendly adj. 友爱的；友好的 15. engineer n. 工程师 16. world n. 世界 17. Japan n. 日本 18. flat n. 公寓 19. yourself pro n. 你自己 20. US n. 美国 21. close to （在空间、时间上）接近 22. go to school 去上学 23. (be) good at 擅长 24. make friends with 与……交朋友 25. all over 遍及
26. ‘d like to=would like to 愿意 Unit 2 1. daily n. 每日的；日常的 2. article n. 文章 3. never adv. 从不 4. table tennis n. 乒乓球 5. ride v. 骑；驾驶 6. usually adv. 通常地 7. so conj. 因此；所以 8. seldom adv. 不常；很少 9. geography n. 地理 10. break n. 休息 11. bell n. 钟；铃 12. ring v. （使）发出钟声；响起钟声 13. end v. 结束；终止 14. band n. 乐队 15. practice n. 练习 16. together adv. 在一起 17. market n. 集市；市场 18. guitar n. 吉他 19. grade n. 年级 20. junior high school 初级中学 21. on foot 步行 22. take part in 参加 23. have a good time 过得愉快 24. go to bed 去睡觉 25. get up 起床 Unit 3
初中英语语法基础知识汇总(1) 英语语法基础知识词类-名词Noun 名词（Noun．-n．） 第一部分：名词基础知识 定义：人、地、物、事或观念等名称叫做名词。 人：Edison（爱迪生），Helen（海伦），Mr．Wang（王先生） 地：Asia（亚洲），China（中国），New York（纽约） 物：book（书），dog（狗），tree（树），water（水） 事或观念：work（工作），music（音乐），truth（真理） 注： 1．如人名、地名、国名等属于该名称持有者专用的名称，其第一字母必须大写，如E dison，New York，China。 2．名词亦有可数和不可数之分，如果是可数的就有单数和复数的区别。所谓复数就是多于一个的意思，通常是在单数名词的词尾加“-s，es，ies，…”以示其为复数。例如： a book（一本书）two books（两本书） one boy（一个男孩）some boys（一些男孩） one girl（一个女孩）many girls（许多女孩） 名词在句子中的主要功能如下： （1）作句子的主语，例： Miss Lin is our English teacher． （林小姐是我们的英语老师。） （2）作句子的主语补语或宾语补语，例： John and Tom are good friends． （约翰和汤姆是好朋友。—主语补语） I call my puppy “Luck”． （我叫我的小狗“来福”。—宾语补语）
（3）作及物动词的直接宾语，例： Can you ride a bicycle?（你会骑自行车吗？） （4）作介词的宾语，例： You can go by taxi．（你可以乘出租车去。） 第二部分：名词单复数-单数变复数 一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读[z]。 例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes 反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; macro→macros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例：roof→roofs 还有一些不规则变化，请参照中学英语频道相关文章。 第三部分：名词所有格 A. 's用在单数名词以及不以s结尾的复数名词之后： a man's jo b 男人的活儿
Module 1 People and places Unit 1 Peopl e around us Reading My grandma My grandma was a shout woman with grey hair. She was always cheerful. She was a very good cook. Her dishes were probably the best in the world! I will never forget the taste, and the smell as well. Grandma took care of my family. She was really kind and patient. She died two years ago and I miss her very much. Alice Alice is my best friend. She is a tall girl with glasses. She often tells me jokes to make me laugh, but she never makes fun of others. Alice is a smart girl . She is good at Maths. We often study and play table tennis together. I hope we will always remain friends. ----Joyce Mr Li Mr Li is my Maths teacher. He is tall and thin. His classes
代词： 英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。 一）.人称代词： 1、主格用来做句子的主语、表语。 如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语 如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：–It’s I/me.(是我。) 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。 如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我) 4、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性
从句。 如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00.(12点) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house. It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的) 二）.物主代词： 1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。 如：Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays. 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。 如：This is your cup, but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们教室很大,我们的相当小) 3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如： A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个。) [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友)