organizational[`?:g?nai‘zei ??nl]a.组织（上）的
goal[g?ul]n.1.目的，目标；2.得分进球，球门
objective[?b‘d?ektiv]n.目标，目的；a.1.客观的，真实的；2.如实的，无偏见的
accomplish[?‘k?mpli?]vt.完成（任务等）
predict[pri‘dikt]vt./vi.预言；预示
accompany[?‘k?mp?ni]vt.1.伴随，陪同；2.为……伴奏implement[‘implim?nt]vt.实现；完成（任务等）；履行（协定、诺言等）
multiple[‘m?ltipl]a.多样的，复合的；n.倍数
profitability[`pr?fit?‘biliti]n.赚钱，获利correctness[k?‘rektnis]n.正确，正确性
unintended[‘?nin‘tendid]a.非计划中的，非故意的
ongoing[‘?n‘g?ui?]a.进行中的，前进的
entity[‘entiti]n.1.存在，实体；2.统一性
skilled[skild]a.熟练的；有技能的
in the way挡路；碍事
make a guess at猜测
and the like等等，诸如此类in part部分地，在某种程度上
point of view观点
interview[‘int?vju:]vt./n.1.
面谈，采访；2.面试，口试
criticism[‘kritisiz?m]n.批
评；评论
candidate[‘k?ndideit]n.1.候
选人，候补者；2.应试者
vague[veig]a.含糊的；不明确
的
notion[‘n?u??n]1.概念；2.想
法，看法
prospect[‘pr?spekt]n.1.展
望，景象；2.[常pl.]前景，前
程
community[k?‘mju:niti]n.社
区；共同体
unattractive[`?n?‘tr?ktiv]a.
panel[‘p?nl]n.专门小组
intimidate[in‘timideit]vt.
恐吓，恫吓
clutch[kl?t?]vt./vi.抓住，握
紧
grip[grip]vt./n.1.紧握，紧
夹；2.掌握，控制
painful[‘peinful]a.1.痛苦
的；2.费力的
rephrase[‘ri‘freiz]vt.重新
措辞，改用别的话表示
apply for申请
day to day（=day-to-day）work
日常工作
take the trouble to不辞劳苦，
费力
put oneself in somebody‘s
to one‘s advantage对某人有
利
ask for 1.请求，向……要；2.
寻找
in hand手头上有
make sure 1.查明，弄确实；2.
确信
at a disadvantage处于不利地
位
turn down 1.拒绝；2.调小或调
低；3.翻下
astronomer[?s‘tr?n?m?]n.天文
学家
escape[is‘keip]vi./vt.逃跑；
避免；n.1.逃跑；2.逃路，出口
exert[ig‘z?:t]vt.尽（力）；
发挥（威力等）；施加（压力等）；
产生（影响等）；行使（职权等）
量，测量
implication[`impli‘kei??
n]n.1.含意，暗示；2.牵连，涉
及，卷入
basis[‘beisis]n.1.基础，根
据；2.主要成份；3.军事基地
launch[l?:nt?]vt.1.发射，投
射；2.使（船）下水；3.发动，
发起（运动等）；n.发射，（船）
下水
galaxy[‘g?l?k?si]n.1.[天]星
系，[G-]银河系，银河；2.一群
出色（或著名）的人物
observatory[?b‘z?:v?t?ri]n.1.
天文台；2.了望台
convincing[k?n‘vinsi?]a.有
说服力的，使人信服的
复；2.[数]二进制的；n.1.二，
双（体），复（体）；
twin[twin]a.1.双胞胎的；2.两
个相似部分组成的；n.1.双胞胎
之一，[pl.]双胞胎；2.两个相
象的人或物；3.[Twins][天]双
子座
companion[k?m‘p?nj?n]n.1.同
伴，同事；2.[天]伴星
speculation[`spekju‘lei??
n]n.1.推测，猜测；2.投机
swallow[‘sw?l?u]vt.吞咽
m ankind[`m?n‘kaind]n.人类
operate[‘?p?reit]vi.1.运转，
起作用；2.动手术（on，upon）；
vt.1.操作，操纵，经营；2.
对……动手术
research into研究
tropical[‘tr?pik?l]a.1.热带
的；2.炎热的
coloured[‘k?l?d]a.有色的
religion[ri‘lid??n]n.宗教；
宗教信仰
circumstance[‘s?:k?mst?
ns]n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇
a great many很多
above all首先，首要
as a rule通常；一般说来
euthanasia[ju:θ?‘neizj
?]n.1.无痛楚的死亡；2.安乐死
weaken[‘wi:k?n]vt.削弱，减
弱；vi.变弱
Dutchman[‘d?t?m?n]n.荷兰人
deteriorate[di‘ti?ri?
reit]vt./vi.（使）恶化
injection[in ‘d ?ek ??n]n.1.注射；2.注射剂，针剂 nationwide[‘nei ??n ‘waid]a.全国性；ad.在全国范围内 debate[di ‘beit]vt./n.争论，辩论；vi.对……进行争论，辩论（about ，on ）
legal[‘li:g ?l]a.1.法律上的；2.合法的 Dutch[d ?t ?]a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的；n.1.[the Dutch][总称]荷兰人；2.荷兰语
parliament[‘p ɑ:l ?m ?nt]n.1.议会，国会；2.[P-]（英国或加拿大等的）议会，国会
prosecute[‘pr ?sikju:t]vt.对……起诉，告发
request[ri ‘kwest]vt./n.请
易受伤的，弱小的；2.易受……攻击的，易受……伤害的（to ） prohibition[`pr ?uhi ‘bi ??n]n.禁止；禁令
individual[`indi ‘vidju ?l]n.个人，个体，独立单位；a.1.个人的；2.个别的
paternalistic[p ?`t ?:n ?‘listik]a.家长式统治的；家长作风的
moving[‘mu:vi ?]a.1.活动的，移动的；2.动人的，令人感动的 sensitive[‘sensitiv]a.1.敏感的；2.灵敏的，感光的 be affected with 患有……疾病 debate on 关于……进行辩论 make request for 要求…… open up 1.打开；2.开办，开辟，开发；3坦诚地或无拘束地谈话 take ……into account 考虑到 need for 对……的需要 opt out of 决定不参加……，决定（从……）中退出
have ……at heart 对某事十分关心
conspiracy[k ?n ‘spir ?si]n.1.阴谋，密谋；2.阴谋集团，阴谋帮派
old-boy[‘?uld b ?i]n.1.老同学；2.（招呼用）老朋友，老弟，老兄
network[‘netw ?:k]1.[纺]网眼织物；2.网状物，网络
escalator[‘esk ?leit ?]n.自动扶梯
记，条目，账目 merit[‘merit]n.1.优点，长处；2.功绩，功劳
fiercely[‘fi ?sli]ad.1.凶猛地，凶残地；2.猛烈地
competitive[k ?m ‘petitiv]a.竞争的；比赛的
entrance[‘entr ?ns]n.1.进入；2.入口，门口；3.入场，入会，入学
additional[?‘di ??nl]a.附加的，追加的；另外的 abolish[?‘b ?li ?]vt.废除（法律，习惯等）；取消
applicant[‘?plik ?nt]n.申请人，请求者
performance[p ?‘f ?:m ?ns]n.1. 3.演出，演奏
accessible[?k‘ses ?bl]a.1.易接近的，能进去的；2.易受影响的（to ）；3可理解的（to ） elite[ei ‘li:t]n.[集合名词]精英，杰出人物；a.杰出的，精英的
academic[`?k ?‘demik]a.1.（高等）专科院校的，研究院的，学会的；2.学术的
excellence[‘eks ?l ?ns]n.优秀，杰出
recruit[ri ‘kru:t]vt./vi.1.征募（新兵），吸收（新成员）；2.聘用，补充；n.新兵；新成员 equivalent[i ‘kwiv ?l ?nt]a.1.相等的，相同的（to ）；2.等价的，等量的，等效的；n.1.等价统计数字，统计资料；2.[用作单]统计学
diplomat[‘dipl ?m?t]a.外交家；外交官
abroad[?‘br ?:d]ad.到国外；在国外
exploit[iks ‘pl ?it]vt.1.开发，开采；2.利用；3.剥削 abuse[?‘bju:z]vt./n.1.滥用，妄用；2.虐待，凌辱
campaign[k?m ‘pein]n.1.战役；2.运动，参选活动；v.参加运动，参加竞选活动
sexually[‘seksju ?li]ad.在性方面
passport[‘p ɑ:sp ?:t]n.护照 Filipino[`fili ‘pi:n ?u]n.1.宾人的；菲律宾的
maid[meid]n.1.少女；2.侍女，女仆
execute[‘eksikju:t]vt.1.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；2.将……处死
convict[k ?n ‘vikt ，‘k ?nvikt]vt.1.证明……有罪‘mein]a.不人道的，残忍的 ineffective[`ini ‘fektiv]a.无效的，不起作用的
civil[‘sivl]n.1.国民的，民用的；2.国内的，民间的
union[‘ju:nj ?n]n.1.工会，协会；2.结合，联合
liberty[‘lib ?ti]n.1.自由，自由权；2.冒昧，失礼；3.[常pl.]特许权，特权 的
sentiment[‘sentim ?nt]n.1.感情，情绪；2.感伤
spontaneous[sp ?n ‘teinj ?s]a.1.自发的，本能的，自动的；2.出自自然的
originate[?‘rid ?ineit]vi./vt.发源；发生，发起
imitator[‘imiteit ?]n.模仿者 Negro[‘ni:gr ?u]n.黑人；a.黑人的
eclecticism[ek ‘lektisiz ?m]n.折衷主义
synthesis[‘sin θisis]n.结合，合成
jazz[d ??z]n.爵士乐
地；2.很快地，容易地
limitless[‘limitlis]a.无限制的，无限的
instrument[‘instrum ?nt]n.1.仪器；2.乐器
electronic[ilek ‘tr ?nik]a.电子的
amplifier[‘?mplifai ?]n.放大器
guitar[gi ‘t ɑ:]n.六弦琴，吉他
electronics[ilek ‘tr ?niks][复]n.[用作单]电子学 studio[‘stju:di ?u]n.1.（艺术家的）工作室；2.（无线电，电视）播音室，演播室；3.电影制片厂
penetrating[‘pen ?treiti
成
symphony[‘simf ?ni]n.1.交响曲，交响乐；2.交响乐队，交响音乐会
handle[‘h?ndl]n.柄，把手；vt.1.拿，弄；2.运用，操纵3.经营，管理
constructive[k ?n ‘str ?ktiv]a.建设的，建设性v creative[kri （:）‘eitiv]a.创造性的
notebook[‘n ?utbuk]n.笔记本 preliminary[pri ‘limin ?ri]a.预备的；初步的；n.初试；预赛 painstaking[‘peinz`teiki ?]a.苦干的；费力的
traditionalist[tr ?‘di ??n ?者
thematic[θi ‘m?tik]a.1.题目的，主题的；2.主旋律的 conception[k ?n ‘sep ??n]n.概念，观念
well-established[‘wel is ‘t?bli ?t]a.1.固定下来的；2.得到确认的
temper[‘temp ?]vt.1.[冶]使回火，锻炼；2.调合
well （-）tempered[‘wel ‘temp ?d]1.脾气好的；2.（键盘乐器）调到平均律的
clavichord[‘kl?vik ?:d]n.[音]击弦古钢琴
mold[m ?uld]n.模子；模型；vt.用模子做，浇铸 sake[seik]n.缘故 robot[‘r ?ub ?t]n.机器人；自动控制装置
increasingly[in ‘kri:si ?li]ad.不断增加地
prevalent[‘prev ?l ?nt]a.流行的，普通的
automotive[`?:t ?‘m ?utiv]a.1.自动的，机动的；2.汽车的 weld[weld]vt./n.焊接
spray[sprei]n.1.浪花，水花；2.喷雾，喷雾状物；vt.喷；向……喷射；喷涂；vi.喷；溅散
cast[k ɑ:st]vt.1.投，扔，抛，掷；2.投射（光、影，视线等）（on ，at ）；3.浇铸，铸造；n.1.投，掷；2.模具；3.演员（阵容） install[in ‘st ?:l]vt.安装 appliance[?‘plai ?ns]n.1.应用，适用；2.用具，器械
calculator[‘k?lkjuleit ?]n.1.计算者；2.计算器 radioactive[`reidi ?u ‘?ktiv]a.[原]放射性的；放射引起的
personnel[p ?:s ?‘nel]n.1.[集合名词]全体人员，全体职员；2.人事（部门）
expose[iks ‘p ?uz]vt.1.使暴露，使面临；2.揭露，揭发 radiation[`reidi ‘ei ??n]n.1.放射，发光；2.放射物，辐射线，辐射能
reduction[ri ‘d ?k ??n]n.1.减少，减小；2.降级，降职；3.归scale[skeil]n.1.刻度，表度；2.规模；3.比例（尺）；4.[pl.]天平，磅秤 shade[?eid]n.1.荫，阴影；2.遮光物，罩；vt.遮蔽，遮光 calculation[`k?lkju ‘lei ??n]n.1.计算，计算结果；2.仔细考虑
defective[di ‘fektiv]a.有缺点的；有缺陷的 assemble[?‘sembl]vt.1.集合；2.装配；vi.集合
attendant[?‘tend ?nt]n.1.侍者，服务员；2.出席者
fireman[‘fai ?m ?n]n.消防队员 housekeeper[‘haus`ki:p ?]n.管理家务的主妇；女管家 in that 在于，原因是
in between 在中间；每间隔；在……期间
in question 正被谈论的 plenty of 大量的；丰富的 earthquake[‘?:θkweik]n.地震
warning[‘w ?:ni ?]n.警告；警报；a.警告的
forecast[‘f ?:k ɑ:st]vt.1.预测，预报；2.预示
giant[‘d ?ai ?nt]n.1.巨大；2.巨物，巨大的动物；a.巨大的 shift[?ift]vt./vi.1.替换；转移；2.轮班；n.1.转换，转移；2.轮班
fault[f ?:lt]n.1.缺点，毛病；2.错误，过失；3.[地]断层 work on 1.从事……；2.对……有影响
set up 1.设立，建立；2.建立，提出 on the alert 警戒，处于戒备状态
leadership[‘li:d ??ip]n.1.领导；2.[总称]领导人员 research[ri ‘s ?:t ?]n.研究，调查；vi.调查，研究 attach[?‘t?t ?]vt.（to ）1.固定住，系；2.附加，隶属；3.把（重点等）放在；4.使喜爱，使依恋
possession[p ?‘ze ??n]n.1.有，拥有；2.[常pl.]占有物；财产 satisfaction[`s?tis ‘f?k ??n]n.
relaxation[`ri:l?k ‘sei ??n]n.1.松弛，放松；2.缓和，减轻；3.休养
desirable[di ‘zai ?r ?bl]a.称心的，合意的，理想的 occupation[`?kju ‘pei ??n]n.1.占领；2.占有；3.职业
portray[p ?:‘trei]vt.描绘；描写；描述
urban[‘?:b ?n]a.城市的，都市的
stressful[‘stresful]a.紧张的；压力重的
loom[lu:m]vi.隐隐呈现；逼近 renewal[ri ‘nju （:）?l]n.1.更新；2重新开始
underlie[`?nd ?‘lai]vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的
落后，滞后
flight[flait]n.1.飞行，飞翔；2.航班，班机；3.逃跑，溃退 physiological[`fizi ?‘l ?d ?ikl]a.生理的，生理学的
regulatory[‘regjul ?t ?ri]a.1.规章的；2.调节的
mechanism[‘mek ?niz ?m]n.1.[机]机构，机制；2.（自然现象等）作用过程
hormonal[h ?:‘m ?unl]a.荷尔蒙的，激素的
secretary[‘sekr ?tri]n.1.秘书；2.书记；3.（英，美等国的）部长，大臣
negotiation[ni`g ?u ?i ‘ei ??n]n.谈判，协商
程序，进程；2.[pl.]项目，活动，会议文集
instantaneously[`inst ?n ‘teinj ?sli]ad.瞬间地；即刻地
transport[tr?ns ‘p ?:t ，‘tr?nsp ?:t]vt.运输；n.运输 overcome[`?uv ?‘k ?m]vt.战胜；克服
regulate[‘regjuleit]vt./n.1.管理；2.调节
timing[‘taimi ?]n.1.时间的选择；2.计时，定时
periodicity[`pi ?ri ?‘disiti]n.周期性，间发性 internal[in ‘t ?:nl]a.1.内部的，内在的；2.国内的
suprachiasmatic[‘sju:pr ?kai ‘nu:n]a.下午三点左右的 neutral[‘nju:tr ?l]a.1.中立的；2.中性的
wakefulness[‘weikfulnis]n.觉醒，不眠
promote[pr ?‘m ?ut]vt.1.促进，发扬；2.提升，升级；3.发起，创办
synchronize[‘si ?kr ?naiz]vi.同时发生，同步；vt.使在时间上一致；使同步
effect on 对……的作用 blame ……on 把……归咎于 to advantage 有利地，有效地 as fresh as paint 精神饱满 now that （连词）既然，由于 leave ……alone 1.不管，不理；out of step 步伐不一致；不协调
in time 1.及时；2.终于
span[sp?n]n.1.指距，一柞宽；2.跨距；3.一段时间
fluctuate[‘fl ?ktjueit]vi.1.波动，起伏；2.动摇，不定；vt.使波动，使起伏
fluctuation[`fl ?ktju ‘ei ??n]n.波动，起伏
tick[tik]n.（钟表的）滴答声；vi.（钟表的）滴答响
fade[feid]vi.1.凋谢，枯萎；2.（颜色）褪去；3.（声音等）衰弱下去；vt.使褪色
illusion[i ‘lju:??n]n.错觉；幻觉
duration[dju ?‘rei ??n]n.持续；的，相对的，与……相反（to ） mislead[mis ‘li:d]vt.把……带错路，使……错或做错 motivation[`m ?uti ‘vei ??n]n.动机；动力
inefficient[`ini ‘fi ??nt]a.无效的；效率低的 exceptional[ik ‘sep ??nl]a.1.例外的；2.异常的，特殊的 hinder[‘hind ?，‘haind ?]vt.阻止；妨碍
typical[‘tipik ?l]a.典型的，代表性的
to date 到目前为止
attend to 专心；注意；照顾 make the grade 取得成功，达到理想标准
be true of 符合于……，对……适用
classify[‘kl?sifai]vt.1.把……分类，把……分等级；2.把……列为（as ）
aged[eid ?id]a.年老的，老的 northwestern[‘n ?:θ‘west ?n]a.1.在西北的，向西北的；2.来自西北的
approximate[?‘pr ?ksimit ，?‘pr ?ksimeit]a.近似的，大约的；vt.1.近似，接近；2.使接近；vi.接近（to ）
paradox[‘p?r ?d ?ks]1.似非而可能是的论点；2.自相矛盾的话 proportion[pr ?‘p ?:??n]n.比率，比例；vt.使成比例，使相称
l]a.经验的；凭经验的 continued[k ?n ‘tinju （:）d]a.继续的，连续的
lengthen[‘le ?θ?n]vt.使延长；vi.变长，延伸
wealthy[‘wel θi]a.富裕的；丰富的
neglect[ni ‘glekt]vt.1.忽视，忽略；2.疏忽；n.忽略；疏忽 expectation[`ekspek ‘tei ??n]n.1.期待；2.估计寿命
slippery[‘slip ?ri]a.1.滑的；2.圆滑的
demographer[di ‘m ?gr ?f ?]n.人口学家
revision[ri ‘vi ??n]n.修订，修改
向上升
approximate to 与……接近 to the fore 1.在前面，到前面；2.在显著地位
resistance to 对……的阻力 esteem[is ‘ti:m]vt./n.尊敬，尊重
cope[k ?up]vi.对付，妥善处理（with ）
parenting[‘p ??r ?nti ?]n.父母对孩子的养育
tone[t ?un]n.1.音调，音色；2.腔调，语气；3.[语]声调，语调 infant[‘inf ?nt]n.婴儿，幼儿；a.婴儿的，幼儿的
lovable[‘l ?v ?bl]a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的
manageable[‘m?nid ??bl]a.易
cope with 对付；处理
no other ……than 1.除……外没有，只有；2.正是，就是 take advantage of 1.利用；2.占……便宜
act out 1.将……表演出来；2.（用行动）表示出来 election[i ‘lek ??n]n.选举；选举权
presidential[`prezi ‘den ??l]a.总统（或校长）的；总统（或校长等）职务的
winner[‘win ?]n.获胜者，优胜者；成功者
republican[ri ‘p ?blik ?n]a.1.共和国的；2.[R-]（美国）共和党的；n.1.共和主义者；2.[R-]democratic[dem ?‘kr?tik]a.民主的，民主主义的
nominee[`n ?mi ‘ni:]n.被提名者；被任命者
vote[v ?ut]n.1.选举，投票；2.票，选票；vi.投票，选举
certainty[‘s ?:t ?nti]n.一定；必定
nomination[`n ?mi ‘nei ??n]n.提名；任命
loyalty[‘l ?i ?lti]n.忠诚；忠心
decline[di ‘klain]vi.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落；3.谢绝，拒绝；vt.拒绝，谢绝；n.1.下倾，下降；2.衰退，衰落
democrat[‘dem ?kr?t]n.1.民主主义者，民主人士；2.[D-]民主pl.]给养，口粮
electoral[i ‘lekt ?r ?l]a.选举的
representation[`reprizen ‘tei ??n]n.1.描写，表现；2.代表，代理
congress[‘k ??gres]n.1.（代表）大会；2.国会，议会；3.[C-]（美法等的）参议院，上院 House[haus]n.[英]议院
district[‘distrikt]n.1.区，行政区；2.地区，区域
representative[`repri ‘zent ?tiv]n.代表，代表人；a.典型的，有代表性的
presidency[‘prezid ?nsi]n.1.总统（或校长，会长，行长等）overwhelming[?uv ?‘（h ）welmi
?]a.压倒之势的
stand no chance 没有可能；没有希望
identify ……as 把……看作 impact on 对……之影响
contest[‘k ?ntest]n.1.竞争，比赛；2.争夺，竞争；3.争论，争辩
rivalry[‘raiv ?lri]n.竞争；对抗
dozen[‘d ?zn]n.1.一打，十二个；2.十来个，十几个
nominate[‘n ?mineit]vt.1.提名；2.任命；3.命名
electorate[i ‘lekt ?rit]n.全体选民；选区
inevitably[in ‘evit ?bli]ad.毁灭；vi.翻身；倒下
foolproof[‘fu:l ‘pru:f]a.1.连傻子都懂的；2.不会出毛病的；3.有安全装置的
monopoly[m ?‘n ?p ?li]n.垄断；专卖
opposition[`?p ?‘zi ??n]n.1.反对，反抗；2.对立，意见相反 monopolize[m ?‘n ?p ?laiz]v.垄断；专卖
moderation[`m ?d ?‘rei ??n]n.1.温和，适度；2.缓和，减轻 legislation[`led ?is ‘lei ??n]n.1.立法；2.法律，法规 temporarily[‘temp ?r ?rili]ad.暂时地，临时地 break up 打碎；结束；驱散；散in the running 参赛，参加竞选 in power 掌权的，执政的 out of power 丧失权力
in favour of 1.赞成，支持；2.为……的利益，有利于；3.支付给
come into power 上台；开始掌权
carry on 1.经营，进行；2.继续
anaesthetics[`?nis ‘θetiks]n.麻醉学
vaccine[‘v?ksi:n]n.牛痘苗；疫苗；a.牛痘的；疫苗的
diabetes[dai ?‘bi:ti:z]n.糖尿病
developmental[di`vel ?p ‘ment]a.1.发展的，开发的；tube[tju:b]n.1.管，软管；2.电子管，真空管；3.[英]地铁 partly[‘p ɑ:tli]ad.部分地；在一定程度上
polio[‘p ?uli ?u]n.[医]脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症 biomedical[‘bai ?u ‘medik ?l]a.生物医学的
ethics[‘e θiks]n.[pl.]1.[用作单]伦理学；2.伦理观，道德标准
undergo[`?nd ?‘g ?u]vt.经历，经受；忍受
suitable[‘sju:t ?bl]a.合适的；适当的
rabbit[‘r?bit]n.兔
litter[‘lit ?]n.1.（供动物睡
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（Unit4） Unit 4 The Joy of Work (工作的快乐) Text A Work is Blessing(工作是福) 共7个自然段，领读课文和单词。 一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习 1.blessing: n好事；动词：bless: v 祝福，保佑 如：1). The rain will be a blessing for the farmers. 2). May God bless you with a long life! https://www.doczj.com/doc/c416098989.html,plain: v 抱怨，埋怨；名词：complaint 如：1). I’m going to complain to the manager about this. 2). The most common complaint is about poor service. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c416098989.html,mitted: adj 尽心尽力的，坚定的；动词：commit犯罪，做错事；承诺，使…承担义务如：1). I have never committed any crime. 2). I would like to commit myself to teaching all my life. 3). She is a committed policewoman. 4.remind: v提醒; reminder: n 提醒物 如：Will you please remind me of his name? 5.victim: n 受害者，牺牲品 如：He said the female victim was his girlfriend。 6.terrorism: n 恐怖主义；terrorist: 恐怖分子 7.depression: n 萧条，不景气，萎靡不振，沮丧。 如：1). She suffered from severe depression after losing her job. 2). He never forgot the hardships he witnessed during the Great Depression （经
Unit 1 The Power of Language Text A Pre-reading Questions 1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading? 2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically? Critical Reading Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying ,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader. 批判性阅读 批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。批判性阅读是积极阅读。它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。 Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 考虑写作背景。你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同。 Question assertion s made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if
2018年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码 00015) 满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1．本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。2．第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。3．第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 选择题区 第一部分：阅读判断(第1～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了l0个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该旬提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。 Life on the Farm Life on a farm is always changing. New technologies and a rising interest in healthier and organic eating have had a huge impact on how farms do business. At the same time, a growing population has put more demands on farmers. They need to find ways to increase their production levels. The small family farms that used to produce most of the products have been largely replaced by factory farms. Small family farms that are still operating are struggling to keep up. Technology has made most aspects of farm life easier than it has ever been before. Bigger and more efficient equipment makes work such as plowing up fields and sowing the seeds easier. Such tasks used to take two or three times as long. These advances have allowed farmers to work faster and more efficiently than ever before. In addition to newer technology, factory farms produce more products for less money than traditional farming would require. Modern farm life, despite the introduction of new technologies, has not changed much from what has always been. Farmers still wake up early, and spend their days doing hard work. There are animals to feed, cows to be milked, and fields to be plowed. Farm still requires a lot of hard work and sacrifice. The main change in modern farm life is still in the way farms are run. It is common for even small farms to have several hired workers and even an animal manager. Family-run farms are becoming rarer. Factory farms, with other larger farm corporations, are becoming the norm. Although there are still many traditional family farms, they are quickly dying as modern practices change farm life forever. 1.Factory farms now produce most of the products A.True B. False C. Not given 2.Farmers prefer to grow healthy and organic food. A.True B. False C. Not given
00015英语二课文精讲讲义（6） Unit 6 The Value of Money(金钱的价值) 一提到“金钱”，我的脑海中马上会浮现出很多有关金钱的英语谚语，如： Money is not everying, but without money, everying is nothing. 钱不是万能的，但是没有钱是万万不能的。 Money makes the mare to go.有钱能使鬼推磨 诸如此类的等等，可见金钱对于人们的重要，该如何花钱才最明智呢？ Text A Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely(教给孩子如何明智地使用零花钱) 短文共6个段落，领读课文和单词！ 一：本课重点词汇讲解，学习 1.allocate: v分配；名词：allocation 如：I can never think quickly to allocate my time properly. 2. formation: n 组成，形成；动词：form；若当做名词是形式的意思。 如：1). This article has analyzed the formation of crime psychology theoretically. 2).Children should form good habits from the very beginning. 3.opt: v选择，名词：option 如：1).Opt for a walk in an air - conditioned mall on hot, humid days 2).You will have to pay them; you have no option. 4.constraint: n 限制，限定；动词constrain 如：The boy felt constraint in her presence. 5.budget: n预算；v谨慎花钱； 如：It is essential to balance one's budget. 6.indulge: v沉迷于...overindulge: v 过多地享用；形容词：indulgent；放纵的，纵容的；名词：indulgence 如：1). He had been a strict father but was indulgent to his grandchildren. 2). I never indulge children with plenty of pocket money. 7.short-sighted: adj 目光短浅的，近视的；far-sighted有远见的，慎重的，远视的 如：1).Only a short - sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education. 2). the most far-sighted of politicians (最有远见的政治家) 8.mentality:n心态，心理；同根词mental: adj精神的
全国4月自考00015英语二试题及答案解析完整版
4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）试题 （课程代码：00015） 第一部分：阅读判断题（每题1分，共10分） 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信 息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。 Running: Sport or Way of Life? You go through the channels several times and find that once again there's nothing on TV that interests you. Not a problem! Just put on some running shoes and comfortable clothes and go for a run. One of the best things about the sport of running is that you don't need expensive equipment. All you need is a good pair of running shoes and a safe environment. But don't be fooled into thinking the sport of running is easy, It requires discipline and concentration. Running is good for you both physically and mentally. It strengthens your heart, lungs, and muscles? It makes you more aware of your body. Running also improves your body so that you don't get sick as easily. It can even help you to stay more focused in school because exercise helps you to think more clearly. How do you get engaged in the sport if you don't know much about it? Most schools offer running programs. A simple internet search can help some in your find area. Then programs show you how running can offer competition or just be for fun. They also teach runners to set practical goals and take care of their bodies. Runners have great respect for each other because they know how difficult the sport can be. If you go to a race, you'll see people cheering for all the runners. Running isn't al ways about how fast you are or how far you're going. It's about getting out there and doing it. Participation is more important than competition, and effort is recognized over talent. If you're looking for more than just a sport, running may be the perfect choice for you 1. You may find it interesting in go for A run. A. True B. False C. Not Given 2. The sport of running is easy.
2018年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语(二) 试卷 (课程代码00015) 本试卷共8页。满分l00分，考试时间l50分钟。 考生答题注意事项： 1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。 2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。 3.第三一七部分在“非选择题更真题资料请咨询Q或微信28225803答题区”作答。必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。 4．合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。 第一部分：阅读判断(第l～l0题，每题l分，共10分) 下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果 该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该旬提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
第二部分：阅渎选择(第11～15题，每题2分，共l0分) 阅渎下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。
第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子(第16～25题，每题l分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第l6～20题后所给的6个选项中为第1～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
第四部分：填句补文(第26～30题，每题2分，共10分) 下面的短文有5处空自，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，请将正确选项的字母写在答题卡上。
II. Text Learning Life Without Limits ①Imagine being born without arms. No arms to wrap around someone, no hands to experience touch, or to hold another hand with. Or what about being born without legs? Having no ability to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenarios（设想）together: no arms and no legs. What would you do? How would that effect your everyday life? ②Born in 1982 in Melbourne, Australia, without any medical explanation or warning, Nicholas Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. (1)Having had an uneventful pregnancy and no family history to expect this condition, imagine the shock his parents felt when they saw their first born, brand new baby boy, only to find he was what the world would consider imperfect and abnormal. How would their son live a normal happy life?
00015英语二试题及答案 发布日期：2016-01-04 10:09 来源：未知阅读：6927 【字体：大中小】 本套单元测试共 10 题，共 100 分。答题得分：100 分 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [1] I should like to rent a house,modern,comfortable and ___ in a qiuet environment. 得分：10分 答： D A before all B first of all C after all D above all 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [2] His few personal belongings make it possible for him to move from place to place ___. 得分：10分 答： C A in ease B at ease C with ease D with easiness 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [3] Could you lend me some money? I'm very ______of cash at the moment. 得分：10分 答： B A need B short C scarce D empty 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [4] It ______ exactly thirty years since I graduated from college. 得分：10分 答： B A was B has been C will be D had been 【题型：单选】【分数：10分】 [5] He was completely ______ by her tale of hardship.
II. Text Learning Self-Esteem and Body Image 1 I'm fat. I'm too skinny. I'd be happy if I were taller, shorter, had curly hair, straight hair, a smaller nose, , bigger muscles, longer legs. 2 Do any of these statements sound familiar?（承上句）Are you used to putting yourself down? If so, you're not alone. As a teen, you're going through a ton of changes（大量的变化）in your body. And as your body changes, so does your image of yourself. Lots of people have trouble adjusting, and this can affect their self-esteem. 3 Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important? Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves, the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. A person who has high self-esteem will make friends easily, is more in control of his or
Unit 1 Text A How Difficult Is English? 英语有多难 Like the national push for Asian literacy in Australia，there has been foreign languages fervor in China，with English on top of the list. English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．Parents hire private tutors for their school children；adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination .Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes. 就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首.不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? 如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。 From my personal experience, I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．Without such a complete understanding of the language, the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses． 从我个人的经验来看，英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。对英语没有这样全面的理解，即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。 The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．Take the Chinese English learners for example．" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? Of course not．It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. By the same token，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet. 讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。以学英语的中国人为例，"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。这个英语句子结构不对吗? 当然不是。学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。同样，英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。 "We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speak a western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history．Consequently， the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few． 中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我 们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、 吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、 羊肉呢?"对学习英语的中国人来说，为 这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易 事。问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死 记硬背英语单词毫无效率。所以说， 学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习 使用该语言国家的历史知识。学习英 语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英 语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉 字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之 处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上 很少接触。所以，在中国，英语背景 知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使 许多人丧失信心。 The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English．Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she"，for the two words sound the same，though，different in written forms in Chinese．As a result， some native English speakers conclude that the Chinese are unable to tell the difference between the two sexes．But native English speakers are more gender blind than the Chinese when they mention their cousins．The confusion caused by the confrontation of Western and Chinese values，to a certain extent， affects the Chinese English learner's comprehension of what he／she reads and hears．Only by developing an understanding and tolerance（忍受）of different cultural values can a Chinese English learner reach the goal of communicating with native English speakers． 英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相 互冲突的。英语母语的人会混淆汉语 中"他""她"的用法，因为这两个字尽管 字形不同，读音却相同，他们因此常 常抱怨。结果有些英语母语的人得出 结论，认为中国人不区分两种性别。 但是在涉及表亲的时候，英语母语的 人更是混淆性别。东西方价值观的冲 突造成的语言上的混淆，在一定程度 上影响学习英语的中国人对自己所读 或所听到的内容的理解.学习英语的中 国人只有增加不同文化价值观之间的 理解和宽容，才能达到与英语母语者 交流的目标。 A Chinese English learner could not have a good command of Eng1ish unless he overcomes the cultural barriers(not all，of course!)in learning English．Many Chinese translate what they think about in Chinese into English when they talk or write．This kind of English inevitably affects the fluency and flow of speech， the amount of information conveyed， and，above all，the quality of communication． 学习英语的中国人，只有在学习英语 的过程中克服文化障碍才能很好地掌 握英语。(当然不可能是克服全部文化 障碍!) 很多中国人说话或写作的时 候，将自己汉语思维的内容翻译成英 语，这势必会影响英语表达的流畅、 传达的信息量，最重要的是，影响交 流的质量。 The above is，not wholly，how difficult English is．Some native speakers might have said，"You foreigners don't use good English! " at the time a foreigner fails to understand what he is saying．"Why should l?"1 would protest，though．Still，I have to keep asking myself：Is it possible for a foreigner to command English? 尽管不完全，以上就是学习英语的困 难。英语母语者被外国人误解的时候 可能会说："你们外国人不懂地道的英 语!" 我要反驳："我们为什么要懂?"我还要 问：一个外国人可能精通英语吗? Text B Learning a Language 学 语言 Most students would like to know how to learn a 1anguage more easily. Most linguists and language teachers would also like to know this．Linguists are working on this problem in two ways．First，they are trying to understand how children learn to speak and understand their native language. They are also trying to learn how people learn a second language． 大部分学生都想知道如何能够轻松地 学好一门语言，大部分语言学家和语 言教师也想弄清楚这个问题。语言学 家从两个方面研究这个问题。一方面， 他们致力于弄清楚儿童是如何学会母 语、理解母语的。另一方面致力于研 究人是如何学习第二语言的。 Linguists are not sure how children learn to speak．Some linguists think that children are born with an ability to learn and use a 1anguage．This does not mean that they come into the world knowing their native language. It means that， along with many other things，they are born with the ability to learn their native language. With just a little exposure to the language，and a little help from their parents，they are able to learn to speak．Another group of linguists does not think this is correct． 语言学家并不确定儿童是如何学说话 的。一些语言学家认为儿童生来就有 学习和使用语言的能力。这并不是指 一个人的母语是与生俱来的；而是指 一个人生来具有学习其母语的能力， 这种能力与人在其他方面表现出来的 能力是相同的。孩子只要与要学习的 语言有一定接触，在父母的些许帮助 下就能够学会说话。另外一派语言学 家则对此持有异议。 This second group of linguists thinks that children learn to use a 1anguage from their parents．They believe that parents teach their children to produce sounds and words in their language．When children know some words，their parents will begin to teach them to say sentences．These linguists do not think that parents teach their children in the same way that adults are taught a second language．Instead， parents probably teach their children by talking to them and correcting their use of 1anguage. These linguists feel that children learn their language mainly from the environment . In this case，the environment is their family and their home. As you see，the first group of linguists disagrees． 持反对意见的语言学家认为儿童是跟 着父母学会使用语言的。他们认为父 母首先教孩子发声、吐字。当孩子掌 握一定词汇以后，父母就开始教他们 如何组织句子。但是他们认为，父母 教孩子的方式不同于教成年人学习第 二语言的方法。相反，父母是通过与 孩子交谈并纠正他们的语言错误来教 孩子说话的。这一派语言学家认为， 儿童主要通过语言环境学会使用语言 的。这种情况下，语言环境是家庭和 生活环境。可以看出，第一派语言学 家对此并不赞同。 There are some other theories about how children learn a language．Many people are studying the process of language learning by children．This work is being done in many countries．Linguists are not the only people who are interested in this process．Many psychologists，doctors， and parents are also interested．People who teach foreign languages are interested, too． 关于儿童如何学习语言还有一些其他 理论。许多国家中有很多人正着手研 究儿童学习语言的过程。不仅语言学 家，许多心理学家、医生和父母都对 儿童的语言学习过程感兴趣。外语教 师也对这一过程很感兴趣。 Foreign language teachers are interested in how children learn to speak their native language for a very important reason．If they knew how children learn their native language，perhaps they would have an easy way to teach adults， as well as children, a second language．This is a very interesting idea．Some foreign language teachers believe that adults learn a second language the same way children learn their native language . These teachers try to make their students' learning similar to that of children．These teachers speak only the foreign language in the classroom．They will not talk to students in the native language．They try to expose them to as much of the spoken foreign language as possible．They do not teach them any rules for using the language．Most parents don't teach their children rules for language usage，either. They simply tell them how to say something correctly．Foreign language teachers using this spoken language method do the same thing. For some students，this method is successful．They learn to speak quickly and easily．They seem to enjoy using the language，and they do not pay much attention to whether they use exactly the right rules for what they say．Some students, however，cannot learn a language this way．Linguists are trying to find another way to teach them a language． 外语教师对儿童如何学说母语感兴 趣，有其很重要的原因。他们如果知 道儿童如何学习母语，就可能找到一 种简便的方法教儿童和成年人学习第 二语言。这是一种非常有意思的想法。 有些外语教师认为成年人学习第二语 言的过程和儿童学习母语的过程是相 同的。这部分外语教师模仿儿童学习 语言的过程组织教学：课堂上只讲外 语，不与学生讲母语。他们使学生尽 可能多地接触所学外语的口语形式， 不教学生语言使用的规则。外语教师 采用这种口语教法是因为大多数父母 在教孩子说话的时候也不教孩子语言 使用规则，而只是告诉孩子怎样讲话 是正确的。对一些学生来说，这种方 法是成功的，他们能够轻而易举地、 很快地学会所学的语言。他们似乎很 喜欢去用所学的语言，并不很在意是 否使用了正确的语言规则。另外一些 学生则不适合这种方法，语言学家着 手寻找一种适合他们的教学方法。 A second method，the rule-learning method，sometimes works better with these students．Some linguists believe that learning a foreign language is different from learning to speak one's native language．They feel that students must learn the rules for using the language by memorizing them and must practice saying things in the language and using the rules correctly．These linguists try to teach students the rules of the language they want to learn．Then they give them many sentences in the language to say over and over again．The students are encouraged to make up new sentences， using the rules that they have learned and the words that they know． 另外一种方法--语言规则学习法--更适 合这部分学生。一些语言学家认为学 习外语不同于学习母语。学生必须通 过记忆来学习语言使用规则，必须练 习使用这种语言，练习正确地使用这 些规则。语言教师首先教学生要学的 语法规则，再给学生一些例句让他们 反复练习，同时鼓励学生使用所学过 的语法规则和他们所掌握的词造句。 Some students are very successful with this second, rule-learning method．They learn the language quite quickly and can use it well. They know the rules for using the language and can speak the language and understand it，too．For many students, this is the best way to learn a foreign language．For some students, both of these methods may work. Sometimes teachers use a combination of these methods in class， hoping that everyone will be able to learn the language with one method or the other. Some people can go to a country and "pick up" the language simply from hearing it and trying to communicate in it．These people are rare． 一些学生使用这种语法规则学习法效 果非常好，他们学得很快，用得也好。 他们掌握了语言使用规则，能够使用 所学的语言，也能够理解别人的话。 对一些学生来说，这是学外语最好的 方法。对另外一些学生来说，两种方 法都行之有效。有时候，老师在课堂 上将两种方法结合起来用，目的是让 每个学生都能受益。有些人能够到国 外通过倾听，与人交流等手段自然而 然的学会那个国家的语言。但这毕竟 是少数人。 Most people try to learn a language by taking classes and studying it in some way. Most teachers will try different ways to help students learn a language quickly and easily．Linguists and psychologists are trying to understand how people learn and use a language．Perhaps language 1earning will be easier when they have a clear understanding of how people learn and use a language． 大多数人还是通过课堂或者其他方式 来学语言的。大多数老师也通过不同 的教法来帮助学生轻松快速的学会一 门语言。语言学家和心理学家正致力 于弄清楚人是如何学会并使用语言 的。也许在解决了这个问题之后，语 言学习会变得容易一些。 Unit 2 Text A Caught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间 I was born and raised in Hong Kong. For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States．I work as a salesgirl in a large department store. Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about． 我是土生土长的香港人。六年来一直 生活在美国，是一家大百货商店的女 售货员。目前我正经历人生中一段痛 苦，自己也很难讲述。 A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit．It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States．I was eager to see my parents， my brothers and sisters，and my friends． 几个月前，我回香港探亲，这也是我 到美国后第一次回家探亲。我期待着 见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。 I really got a shock when I arrived．Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago．Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it．My elementary school was gone．The houses on the street where I used to live had been torn down and replaced by office buildings． 到达时，我确实大吃一惊。香港已经 不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。 这儿发生了巨大的变化，一些地方都 认不出来了。我读书的那所小学已经 不复存在。曾经住过的那条街上的房 子已被拆掉，代之而起的是办公大楼。 The shock from the physical changes in the city，however，was nothing compared to the confusion and hurt I soon began to feel in my parents’ home．My family greeted me warmly when I arrived．While my mother was busy preparing a special dinner in my honor，the rest of the family eagerly asked me questions about my life in the United States．I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after，but then I began to feel that something was wrong．I noticed that my family， especially my mother, would sometimes glance at me in a strange way when I was speaking．They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me，and I became uncomfortable and confused as to（至于）why they were behaving that way. 但是，我到了父母亲家里不久，就发 现了一些令我想不通的问题，情感上 也受到了挫伤。与之相比，香港外观 上的变化给我的震惊算不得什么。我 的家人热情地迎接我回家。我母亲忙 着备饭为我接风，家里其余的人迫不 及待地问我在美国的生活。那天和之 后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我 就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。我 注意到，在我讲话的时候，我的家人， 尤其是我母亲，会以一种奇怪的目光 看我。渐渐地，大家对我疏远起来， 不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到 不舒服，弄不明白他们为什么这样对 待我。 I decided to talk to my mother．She asked me，“Have you forgotten your Chinese way ?”I asked her what she meant．She said．“You’ve forgotten the place of women in a Chinese home．You talk when you should remain silent．You speak on matters that are of concern only to men．You speak openly of your inner feelings and desires．That’s not the way of a Chinese woman．We keep our thoughts and feelings to ourselves．” 我决定和母亲谈一谈。她问我：“你忘 了中国的规矩了吗?”我问她指的是什 么。她回答说：“你忘了中国家庭里女 人的地位了。应该保持沉默的时候， 你却在讲话。你就那些只与男人有关 的事情发表见解。你直言不讳你的内 心感受和愿望，这不是中国女人的做 法。我们的想法和感情都不说出来。” As my mother spoke，I realized what had happened to me．American including American women，are much freer in expressing their thoughts and feelings．Also American women feel as free as men to speak or give an opinion about any subject．They don’t take a silent back seat during a discussion．I guessed that through my association with Americans during the past six years，，I had gradually adopted some of their ways． 听着母亲这样讲，我意识到了是怎么 回事。美国人，包括美国女性，都非 常自由地表达自己的思想和感情。美 国男女一样，对任何问题都自由地发 表见解。在讨论中，她们不会做一个 沉默的旁观者。我想，过去六年和美 国人的交往中, 我渐渐学了他们的一 些做法。 During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman．But it didn’t work．My family remained distant from me．They could no longer accept me fully as one of them．I became more uncomfortable and hurt as things were said and done that made me feel that I was an outsider,a stranger in my own country． 接下来的几天，我尽力作一名中国女 性，可是没用。家人和我疏远。他们 无法完全把我当作自己人。身在家乡 却被视为外人，这使我更加不自在， 感觉受到了深深的伤害。 I cut my visit short by three weeks and came back to the United States．But coming back here didn’t lessen the confusion and pain．In fact，I feel more confused than before．I now feel homeless．I don’t feel like an American．Americans haven’t accepted me．The women I work with at the store are polite enough，but they don’t try to get close to me or let me get close to them．During the morning coffee break they make plans to have lunch together and go shopping．On Fridays they talk about the disco place they’re going to that night．My accent，my name，and 1